A) All Traces of Those Earlier Religions Were Eradicated

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. How did the spread of Christianity affect the polytheistic religions already extant in northern Europe? A) All traces of those earlier religions were eradicated. B) Conversion produced a religious amalgam of Christianity and beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits. C) Many areas of Europe retained purely polytheistic religions. D) Christianity achieved few conversions, and most of Europe retained polytheistic religions. E) In order to gain converts, Christianity allowed people to continue certain polytheistic rituals.

2. Following the fall of Rome, where was the center of the postclassical West? A) In the former Roman colony of Spain B) In Italy, particularly Rome C) In the central plain of northern Europe D) Greece E) Constantinople

3. Manorialism was the system that A) described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers. B) secular authorities utilized to name bishops. C) defined relationships between members of the military elite. D) united the traditions of classical rationalism with medieval Christianity. E) provided a comfortable living for all involved.

4. Which of the following statements concerning the manorial system is NOT true? A) It was comprised of essentially self-sufficient manors. B) It had originated in the Roman Empire. C) Its obligations bore heavily on serfs. D) Agricultural productivity was low. E) It was technologically sophisticated.

5. Vassals were A) grants of land given to lesser members of the military elite in return for military service. B) agricultural laborers. C) members of the military elite who received land in return for military service. D) greater lords within the military elite who commanded military bands. E) special oaths made between lesser and greater lords.

6. Clovis was the Frankish king responsible for the A) defeat of the Muslims. B) conversion of his people to Christianity. C) creation of a substantial empire. D) establishment of the Carolingian dynasty. E) revival of a period of learning.

7. What monk was responsible for the creation of a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century? A) Basil B) Bernard of Clairvaux C) Benedict of Nursia D) Boniface VIII E) Cyril

8. What Frankish monarch was able to establish a substantial empire in 800? A) Clovis B) Charles Martel C) Pepin III D) Charlemagne E) Louis

9. The imperial title formerly held by the Carolingians was later claimed by: A) France B) Italy C) England D) Switzerland E) The Holy Roman Empire

10. What institutions were responsible for the regulation of apprenticeship, guarantee of good workmanship, and admission to various trades? A) Church B) Monasteries C) Feudal monarchies D) Serfs E) Guilds

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. An architectural style developed during the Middle Ages in western Europe, ______architecture featured pointed arches and flying buttresses. 2. ______was the system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers. 3. ______described relationships among military elites in which greater lords provided protection and aid to lesser lords. 4. The ______were the royal house of the Franks from the 8th to the 10th century. 5. The Frankish monarch ______was responsible for defeating the Muslims of Spain in the Battle of Tours in 732. 6. The system of agricultural cultivation by the 9th century in much of western Europe was the ______system, utilizing one-third fallow, one-third spring grains, and one- third winter grains. 7. ______invaded England from Normandy in 1066 and implemented a feudal system in England. 8. The ______between England and France was fought between 1337 and 1453 to establish the emerging claims of national states. 9. An organization of cities in northern Germany for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance was called the ______. 10. Sworn associations of people in the same business or trade in a single city, ______, stressed security and guaranteed good workmanship.

TRUE/FALSE. Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false. 1. In the manorial system, serfs were actually slaves who could be bought and sold. 2. The Frankish ruler Charlemagne recreated an empire in the West by the year 800. 3. Pope Gregory VII wished to free the church from secular interference by banning the practice of lay investiture. 4. Peter Abelard of the University of Paris insisted on the primacy of faith in obtaining knowledge. 5. The medieval West established some commercial headway, but fell far short of capitalism. 6. Representative bodies such as Parliament grew up in England, Spain, France, and other countries at first represented not individual votes but privileged groups. 7. The dominant medieval teaching and philosophical approach, Humanism, was based on the use of logic to resolve theological problems. 8. Emperors in northern Italy and Germany, following the split of Charlemagne’s empire, claimed the title of Holy Roman emperors. 9. Lesser lords or vassals received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. 10. The early Frankish king who converted the Franks to Christianity was Charles Martel.