Section 1 Energy and Living Things

Chapter 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Vocabulary terms: Photosynthesis Autotrophs Heterotrophs Cellular Respiration Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore Parasite Decomposer pigments Chlorophyll Thylakoids ATP Glucose ADP Anaerobic Glycolysis Aerobic Krebs Cycle Fermentation Calvin Cycle Food Chain Detritivores Food Web Producers Consumers Trophic Levels Electron Transport Chain

Section 1 Energy and Living Things I. Energy and Living Systems 1.______or ______, almost all energy in living systems needed for metabolism comes from the ______. Figure 1 Flow of energy

-Energy flows from ______, such as grasses, and then to ______, such as rabbits and foxes. a. plants convert ______(from the sun) to______

______(in the form sugar C6H12O6) b. Rabbits get energy by ______c. Foxes get energy by ______2. Energy from the sun enters living systems when ______, ______, and certain ______absorb sunlight. 3. The energy in sunlight is captured and used to make ______. RECALL – What are organic compounds?______. What are the four major groups of organic compounds?______These organic compounds store ______and can serve as food for organisms. A. Building Molecules That Store Energy 1. ______involves either using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored. RECALL: What is the definition of metabolism?______What is the name of the process that builds polymers from monomers? ______

What is the name of the process that breaks polymers down into monomers? ______What are the reactants?______What is the product?______2. Photosynthesis – is the process by which ______is converted to ______. 3. ______- organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds. Most are ______organisms. Ex. ______B. Breaking Down Food for Energy 1. ______- organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances. 2. Heterotrophs, including ______, get energy from food through the process of ______. 3. Cellular Respiration releases much of the energy in food to make ______. 4. ATP provides cells with the energy they need to carry out the ______. C. Transfer of Energy to ATP 1. Chemical energy stored in food molecules is released gradually in a ______. 2. ATP delivers energy wherever energy is needed in a cell . Figure 2 Breakdown of starch Enzymes enzymes

Starch------ glucose ------ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + Heat

A.______B.______C. ATP

H20 + ATP ------ ADP + P + Energy

What type of reaction is this?______

Pg 98 1. ______light absorbing substances. 2. ______is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis. Chapter 16 Ecosystems 16.2 Trophic Levels Explains how energy moves through an ecosystem by______based on the organism’s source of energy. Energy moves from one ______to another. First Level ______- the path of energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The lowest trophic level of any ecosystem is occupied by ______, such as plants, ______and ______. Producers use the energy of the sun to build energy-rich carbohydrates, such as ______Second Level At the second trophic level are ______, animals that eat plants and other primary producers. They are ______consumers. Ex. ______Third Level At the third trophic level are ______consumers, animals that eat other animals. These animals are called ______. Ex. ______Omnivores - ______ex. ______They cannot digest ______Detritivores - ______. Ex. ______. Decomposers:______They release ______back into the environment to be ______Many ecosystems contain a ______trophic level composed of carnivores that ______, they are called ______.ex. ______These are your predators. Food Web:______Loss of Energy in a Food Chain Energy is stored in the ______bonds in food. Energy Transfer Energy is lost as ______. The loss of energy limits the number of trophic levels. Photosynthesis captures only about 1 percent of the energy available to the leaves. When a herbivore uses plant molecules to make its own molecules, only about 10 percent of the energy in the plant ends up in the herbivore. etc. Energy Pyramid 1. ______- is a diagram in which each trophic level is represented by a block, and the blocks are stacked on top of one another, with the lowest trophic level on the bottom. The width of each block is determined by the ______

______2. The energy stored by the organisms at each trophic level is about ______the energy stored by the organisms in the ______. Limitations of Trophic Levels Summarize page 349:______Chapter 5 Section 2 I. Using the Energy in Sunlight

1. ______, ______, and some ______capture about 1 percent of the energy in the sunlight that hits Earth and convert it to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. A. The Stages of Photosynthesis Stage 1: ______is captured from sunlight. Stage 2: Light energy is converted to ______, which is temporarily stored in ATP and the energy ______NADPH. Stage 3: The ______stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of ______, using carbon dioxide, CO2.

Write the Photosynthesis equation below:

1. ______- primary pigment involved in photosynthesis. 2. Chlorophyll is found in ______which are located in the leaves of plants. 3. The reactants in photosynthesis are ______, ______and ______. 4. The products in photosynthesis are ______and ______Chapter 5 Section 3 II. Cellular Energy 1. ______- metabolic processes that require oxygen. 2. ______- metabolic processes that do not require oxygen The Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. ______- the breakdown of glucose 2. After glucose is broken down, the cell must produce ______, which is needed for energy. 3. Both ______and ______use cellular respiration for energy (ATP) production. 4. The reactants in cellular respiration are ______and ______. 5. The products of cellular respiration are ______and ______. Write the equation for Cellular Respiration below:

Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interdependent processes.______

Part A: Complete the chart below by describing energy transformations involved in each process.

Process Energy Transformation

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration Part B: Describe how energy transformations involved in photosynthesis are related to energy transformations in cellular respiration. ______Effect of light, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthesis

Explain what effect the increase or decrease in light, temperature and carbon dioxide have on the rate of photosynthesis. ______