GUG WM EPS Waste Management Methods

Chevron GUG Waste Management EPS

Waste Management Methods

Introduction Technically-acceptable methods for managing the most common exploration and production (E&P) waste types are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. For each waste type a method has been designated as:  Waste Minimization Methods (Column A): these methods generally embody practices to reduce, re-use, recycle, replace, or recover. The waste minimization hierarchy identifies these methods as preferable to treatment or disposal.  Treatment and Disposal Methods (Column B): these methods are primarily focused on waste treatment or disposal. A Waste Management (WM) Method could involve equipment (e.g., drum crusher), a facility (e.g., landfill), a practice (e.g., return to supplier) or a combination (e.g., oil recovery followed by land treatment). Company-controlled waste management equipment and facilities shall be designed, constructed and operated in accordance with the Global Upstream and Gas (GUG) Environmental Performance Standard (EPS) Technology Standards.

Version 2.0. Revised 1 May 2010. 1 Printed 9 January 2018. Uncontrolled when printed. 099e44c57f0b33a0a7cc8d79016b7871.doc GUG WM EPS –Waste Management Methods

Table 1. Required Waste Management Methods for E&P Waste

Examples of Waste Minimization Methods Treatment and Disposal Methods # Waste Type Included Waste Types (Column A) (Column B)

 Asbestos gaskets  Pipe insulation  Roof panels  Landfill (double bag first), preferably buried  Refractory ceramic in dedicated areas of the landfill that will not fibers Asbestos-Containing be disturbed  Material substitution: purchase Material Some refractory ceramic 1 asbestos-free products and  Burial in a secure area protected from public fibers pose similar (contains at least equipment access 1% asbestos) health issues as asbestos and should be handled  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste and contained as Stewardship Process-approved facility asbestos. Contact your industrial hygiene representative to determine.

 Return to supplier  Incinerate  Reclaim, re-use  Landfill after meeting pretreatment  Expired, unused requirements (refer to the Technology  Inventory management to prevent 2 Chemicals Standard for Landfills)  Spent chemicals, expiry residues  Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Use as fuel  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Substitute less toxic chemicals Stewardship Process-approved facility

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 Use closed-loop mud system and  Mineral solids control technology  Diesel Drilling Fluid – OIL-  Recondition and re-use  Slurry injection/downhole disposal BASED  Synthetic (esters,  Return un-used portion to supplier 3 Onshore only; consult olefins, paraffins)  Thermal treatment  Material substitution: lower-toxicity Offshore Drilling  Related completion  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste synthetics in place of diesel and Discharge Standard for fluids Stewardship Process-approved facility offshore mineral oils  Oil-contaminated  Use tanks in place of Reserve Pit water based mud (pit-less drilling)

 Thermal treatment  Diesel  Landfill after free liquid removal and Drill Cuttings –  Oil recovery meeting other pretreatment requirements  Mineral Oil (refer to the Technology Standard for oil-based fluid system  Alternative Daily Cover in landfill  Synthetic (esters, Landfills) 4 Onshore only; consult operation (after oil recovery) Offshore Drilling olefins, paraffins)  Bioremediation (composting/land treatment)  Construction incorporation Discharge Standard for  Oil-contaminated after oil recovery offshore cuttings from water  Cement kiln feed stock  Slurry injection/downhole disposal based mud systems  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

Remove company-identifying information before releasing from company control. Drums shall NOT be released to the public.  Empty drums and  Drain completely, rinse, crush, and landfill 5  Buy supplies in bulk to eliminate Drums barrels (metal and  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste generation of empty containers plastic) Stewardship Process-approved facility  Return to supplier (for refilling/re- use)  Drum reconditioner  Scrap and recycle

 Oil  Replace with stainless steel, re-  Landfill (after draining) Filters –  Glycol usable filters contaminated  Incinerate 6  Amine  Recycle  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Methanol  Filter draining/crushing unit pre- Stewardship Process-approved facility treatment  Fuel Gas

 Steam autoclave and landfill  Bandages, gauze  Incinerate. Solidify or containerize ash (for  Specimens, lab sharps) and landfill cultures  Segregation of medical waste and 7 Medical Waste  Chemical disinfection, followed by landfill  Syringes, tubing municipal waste  Microwave treatment, followed by landfill  Needles, glass and other ‘sharps’  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Landfill after stabilization/solidification and  Replace with benign substitute meeting pretreatment requirements (refer to 8 Mercury  Manometers  Return to supplier the Technology Standard for Landfills)  Reclaim/re-use (retorting)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

NORM  NORM-containing  Slurry injection/downhole disposal equipment  Chemical control to prevent scale (>50 μR/h formation (scale inhibitor)  Wellbore injection during well abandonment above  NORM scale/solids 9 background)  Avoid mixing of chemically  Land treatment if < 30 pCi/g demonstrating an incompatible produced waters exposure rate more than  Landfill if < 1000 pCi/g  Remove scale from equipment and 50 μR/h above  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste recycle cleaned scrap. background) Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Testing-based lube oil replacement  Lube oil instead of changing according to a  Transformer oil pre-defined maintenance schedule (non-PCB)  Regenerate onsite using clay filter  Hydraulic oil  Incinerate 10  Return to supplier Oils  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Motor oil  Use as fuel Stewardship Process-approved facility  Transmission oil  Introduce into production stream  Slop oil (where permitted)  Off-spec crude  Send used oil to offsite recycling company

 Chlorofluorocarbon  Terminate procurement; replace with s (CFCs) non-ODS substitute, once consumed  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility 11 Ozone Depleting  Refrigerants  Seal leaks to prevent release Substances (ODS)  Halons  Recycle  Freon  Reclaim

 PCB ballasts and  Incinerate (for oil)  Material Substitution: replace with capacitors  Landfill equipment, after draining (if non-PCB containing substitute 12 PCB Oil and PCB –  PCB transformer oil concentrations exceed 50 mg/kg)  Recycle scrap equipment containing Containing Equipment  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Equipment metal (if concentrations below 50 Stewardship Process-approved facility containing residual mg/kg) PCBs

 Downhole solids control (e.g., expandable screen completion, sand  Slurry injection/downhole disposal consolidation, gravel packs)  Bioremediation after oil recovery  Ship oil at maximum BS&W spec  Jet-pump washing  Use as fuel or aggregate supplement  Thermal treatment (cement kiln) 13 Produced (reservoir)  Landfill after free liquids removal and Sand  Oil recovery as pretreatment to meeting pretreatment requirements (refer to Treatment and Disposal the Technology Standard for Landfills) Methods(Column B)  Offshore installations: offshore discharge if  Alternative daily cover in landfill oil content < 1% (m/m) operation (after dewatering and de- oiling)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility  Construction incorporation

 Downhole solids control (e.g., expandable screen completion, sand consolidation, gravel packs)  Tank bottoms  Tank mixers or magnetic fluid conditioners  Oily sludge  Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Use paraffin inhibitor chemicals  Sludge containing (wax inhibitors – not dispersants)  Bioremediation/ composting after oil organic chemicals recovery  Ship oil at maximum BS&W spec  Pipeline pigging  Thermal treatment 14 Sludge – waste  Hot oil treatment (oil wash hydrocarbon circulation) to liquefy and  Landfill after free liquids removal and  Paraffin incorporate into production stream meeting pretreatment requirements (refer to  API separator the Technology Standard for Landfills)  Use as fuel or aggregate supplement sludge (cement kiln)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Oily viscous fluid Stewardship Process-approved facility  Reclaim oil component resulting from steam injection  Alternative daily cover in landfill operation (after dewatering and de- oiling)  Construction incorporation

 Thermal treatment  Crude-oil impacted  Alternate daily cover in landfill  Slurry injection/downhole disposal Soil –  Fuel (gasoline, hydrocarbon impacted operation 15 diesel) impacted  Landfill (excavated)  Construction incorporation  Solvent, organic  Bioremediation/composting chemical, vehicle  Cement kiln feedstock  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste fluid impacted Stewardship Process-approved facility

Table 2. Recommended Waste Management Methods for E&P Waste

 Return to supplier for laundering and  Oily debris  Incinerate re-use  Rags  Landfill, after recovering free oil 16 Absorbent Materials  Purchase reusable/washable absorbent  Gloves pads  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility  Spill pads  Oil recovery

 Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)  Caustic (NaOH)  Re-use or return to supplier  Incinerate  Fracturing acids  Micro-meter to minimize excess (real- 17 Acid/Caustic Solutions  Cleaning acids time mix vs. batch mix)  Landfill after meeting pretreatment requirements (refer to the Technology  Use to neutralize other acid/caustic  Workover acid Standard for Landfills) fluids wastes  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Landfill  Return to supplier for regeneration 18  Incinerate Activated Carbon  Alternative daily cover in landfill operation  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Incinerate  MEA, DEA, DIPA  WWTP (liquids only) liquids and sludges Amine liquids and  Slurry injection/downhole disposal 19  Reclaim/re-use sludges  Alkanolamines  Solidify, containerize, and landfill  Sweetening agents  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

Ash  Landfill after stabilization if necessary to meet pretreatment requirements (refer to the (Excluding  Construction incorporation (including  Incinerator ash Technology Standard for Landfills) 20 medical incinerator bricks and blocks) ash, or ash from  Steam boiler ash  Slurry injection/downhole disposal burning of cleared  Compost amendment  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste vegetation) Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Lead acid batteries: drain, stabilize/solidify,  Alkaline containerize, and landfill (refer to the Technology Standard for Landfills).  Nickel-cadmium  Material substitution: replace with  Metal-containing: stabilize/solidify,  Lithium ion rechargeable or long-life batteries 21 Batteries containerize, and landfill (refer to the  Lead acid  Return to supplier for Technology Standard for Landfills) regeneration/recycling  Carbonaire  Alkaline: landfill  Mercury cell  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Landfill after meeting pretreatment requirements (refer to the Technology  Regenerate/return to supplier 22 Catalyst Standard for Landfills)  Construction incorporation  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Reclaim, recycle, re-use  Artificial reef  Donate to community (wood must not  Glass  Incinerate contain preservative)  Wallboard  Landfill (engineered liner not required for a  Crush uncontaminated aggregates and  Wood dedicated C&D landfill) Construction and use in construction incorporation 23  Wood waste (e.g., pallets) – Untreated: chip Demolition (C&D)  Pallets  Return to supplier for recycling (e.g., and use as structural amendment for Debris concrete, glass)  Iron composting/bioremediation  Accurate volume estimation when  Concrete  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste ordering cement/concrete  Scrap Metal Stewardship Process-approved facility  Drywall/wallboard: recover gypsum and use as soil amendment  Use wood as fuel

 Add microbes/enzymes to grease traps  Incineration (source reduction)  Landfill after free liquids  Used cooking oil  Return to supplier removal/solidification (refer to the Technology 24 Standard for Landfills) Cooking Oil and Grease  Grease in kitchen  Send/donate: biofuels, cosmetics, or traps rendering plant  Bioremediation (compost or land farm)  Use as fuel (cement kiln or biofuel)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Donate as animal feed (e.g., pig feed) Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Food waste (scraps,  Materials separation (at source or via glass jars, cans) materials recovery facility): recycle  Paper, envelopes and compost resulting fractions and other office  Double-sided printing  Compost yard and food waste supplies  Use washable dishes and cutlery in  Incinerate  Cardboard and 25 Domestic Waste – place of disposable SOLID packaging  Landfill  Donate food waste as animal feed  Light bulbs  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste (e.g., pig feed) (incandescent) Stewardship Process-approved facility  Donate re-useable items (wood waste,  Yard (green) waste cardboard)  Municipal Solid  Use as fuel Waste (MSW)

 Construction incorporation  Land reclamation  Alternative daily cover in landfill operation  Open water disposal (subject to turbidity constraints of receiving environment)  Agricultural amendment (metals Dredge Spoil 26  Sediment – content permitting)  Disposal in diked containment areas onshore uncontaminated  Beach rejuvenation  Landfill  Beneficial re-use (e.g., slope  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste stabilization) Stewardship Process-approved facility  Natural habitat development (marsh, upland, island, etc.)  Cement kiln feedstock

 Reserve pit mix, bury, cover or landspread (if final concentrations do not contain oil, salt,  Use closed-loop mud system and metals or other chemicals exceeding solids control technology acceptable levels for current and future land Drilling Fluid –  Freshwater mud use, as determined by an assessment of the water-based systems  Recondition and re-use material– refer to Technology Standard for 27 Onshore only; consult  Saltwater mud  Return un-used portion to supplier Pits) systems Offshore Drilling  Material substitution: select benign  Slurry injection/downhole disposal Discharge Standard for  Related completion additives.  Landfill after free liquid removal and meeting offshore fluids  Use tanks in place of reserve pit (pit- other pretreatment requirements (refer to the less drilling). Technology Standard for Landfills)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Bioremediation (if impacted with reservoir oil and non-saline)  Landfill after free liquid removal and meeting other pretreatment requirements (refer to the Drill Cuttings – Technology Standard for Landfills) water-based fluid  Slurry injection/downhole disposal system  Freshwater mud  Alternative daily cover in landfill operation  Washing pre-treatment for saline cuttings 28 systems  Reserve pit mix, bury, cover or landspread (if  Saltwater mud  Construction incorporation Onshore only; consult final concentrations do not contain oil, salt, systems Offshore Drilling  Cement kiln feed stock metals or other chemicals exceeding Discharge Standard for acceptable levels for current and future land offshore use, as determined by an assessment of the material – refer to Technology Standard for Pits)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Landfill  Replace with re-usable/washable  Air 29 Filters – filters  Filter crushing unit UNCONTAMINATED  Water  Recycle  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Merox sand  Ion exchange resins  Silica/alumina  Regenerate/re-use desiccants  Landfill  Return to supplier Filter Media  Molecular sieve  Incinerate (if contains oil)  Alternate daily cover for landfill 30 Resins  Recycling media operation  Slurry injection/downhole disposal Desiccants (clay filter)  Construction incorporation  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Diatomaceous earth Stewardship Process-approved facility  Cement kiln feed stock (DE)  Anthracite and media filters

 Return to manufacturer or third party  Fluorescent lamp crushing unit with mercury  HID bulbs 31 for recycling recovery - landfill drummed residue Fluorescent Bulbs  Mercury containing  Material substitution: use long-life,  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste bulbs low mercury-content bulbs Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Incineration  Ethylene glycol mixtures  WWTP  Regenerate onsite (filtration) (EG, DEG, TEG)  Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Return to supplier for recycling 32 Glycol and Antifreeze  Propylene glycol  Landfill after free liquid removal and meeting (PG)  Material substitution: propylene other pretreatment requirements (refer to the  Methanol glycol for ethylene glycol Technology Standard for Landiflls)  Dehydration fluids  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Fiberglass (glass-reinforced plastic) insulation  Glasswool  Rockwool Insulation and  Refractory brick  Landfill Refractory  Return to Supplier 33 Note some refractory  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste (Excluding ceramic fibers pose  Reclaim/re-use Stewardship Process-approved facility Asbestos) similar health issues as asbestos and should be handled and contained as asbestos. Contact your industrial hygiene representative to determine

 Computers  Monitors  Landfill (stabilize/solidify and containerize IT and Office Wastes  Refill/refurbish and re-use computer monitors and circuit boards first) (Information  Printers  Return to supplier  Incineration (except for computer monitors 34 Protection  Photocopiers and circuit boards) requirements  Recycle  Printer, toner may apply)  Donate  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste cartridges Stewardship Process-approved facility  Furniture

 Incinerate  Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Small containers of lab samples may be packed in a drum full of absorbent material,  Recycle into production (for oil sealed and landfilled. Enough absorbent  Analyzed sample, Lab Samples – samples) should be present to completely absorb all 35 including reagents liquid in the containers placed in the drum. LIQUID  Return uncontaminated samples to  Unanalyzed residual Only compatible samples/materials should be source placed in the same drum to avoid reactions.  Wastewater treatment plant for aqueous solutions  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Incinerate  Analyzed sample,  Slurry injection/downhole disposal 36 Lab Samples – including reagents  Return uncontaminated samples to SOLID source  Landfill  Unanalyzed residual  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Hydrocarbon – water  Chemical – water  Incinerate  Reclaim/re-use oil  Rig wash  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Use as fuel Stewardship Process-approved facility  Workover fluids  Landfill leachate: apply to landfill for 37  Slurry injection/downhole disposal Oil–Water Mixtures  Hydrotest fluids dust control After oil/water separation  Drum rinse  Runoff from Bioremediation Facilities: irrigate bioremediation  Landfill leachate  WWTP units  Runoff from  Landfill dust control bioremediation facilities

 Buy materials in skid-mounted bulk hoppers or containers  Return to supplier  Boxes  Landfill  Re-use/recycle 38  Pallets, crates  Incinerate Packaging  Donate (untreated wood only)  Empty sacks  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Chip wooden pallets and use as mulch  Thread protectors Stewardship Process-approved facility (untreated wood only)  Use biodegradable packing pellets (e.g., starch-based ‘peanuts’)

 Incinerate  Landfill after free liquid removal and meeting  Return to supplier other pretreatment requirements (refer to the Technology Standard for Landfills) 39 Paint and Coating  Reclaim/re-use Wastes  Use as fuel (heating value permitting)  Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Donate (non-leaded paint only)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Incinerate  Return to supplier 40  Containerize and landfill Pharmaceuticals  Expired drugs  Inventory management to prevent expiry  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Seismic shot  Incinerate (NOT explosives)  Signal flares  Return to supplier Pyrotechnics and  Controlled detonation or discharge 41  Smoke canisters Explosives  Inventory management to prevent  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Firing caps expiry Stewardship Process-approved facility  Explosives

 X-ray sources (medical/dental)  Return to supplier  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Radioactive logging 42 Radioactive Wastes Stewardship Process-approved facility sources  Hold for decay (short-term isotopes used in frac sand)  Industrial radiography sources

 Use paint/coatings that do not require sandblasting  Use lead-free paint  Reclaim or re-use  Landfill after stabilization/solidification for  Alternate daily cover in landfill metals if necessary and meeting pretreatment operation requirements (refer to the Technology Standard for Landfills) 43 Sandblast Residue  Cement kiln feedstock  Buy in bulk hoppers to minimize  Slurry injection/downhole disposal sacks and pallets  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Use non-toxic blasting media (dry ice, Stewardship Process-approved facility low-metals blasting compound, etc.)  Construction incorporation (unless contains lead-based paint or other heavy metals)

 Landfill (engineered liner not required for dedicated scrap metal landfill – refer to  Reclaim/re-use 44 Scrap Metal and Plastic Technology Standard for Landfills)  Recycle  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Compost/land treat (with pathogen precaution)  Agricultural amendment (metals content permitting)

45 Sludge –  Biosolids  Dewatering pre-treatment (volume  Incinerate (after dewatering) DOMESTIC  Sewage sludge reduction; drying bed)  Landfill (after dewatering)  Slurry injection/ downhole disposal  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Dewatering pre-treatment (volume  Water treatment reduction; drying bed) sludge (e.g.,  Landfill after stabilization/solidification if flocculation)  Alternative daily cover in landfill necessary to meet pretreatment requirements operation if leachable metals are low (refer to the Technology Standard for 46 Sludge –  Cooling water tower (after dewatering) Landfills) sludges INORGANIC  Chemical control to prevent scale  Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Pipeline scale formation (scale inhibitor)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Geothermal scales  Cement kiln feedstock Stewardship Process-approved facility and sludges  Construction incorporation

 Alternative daily cover in landfill  Slurry injection/downhole disposal operation Soil –  Landfill 47 NON-  Salt impacted  Construction incorporation  Encapsulation/solidification HYDROCARBON  Sulfur impacted  Treat using agricultural amendments IMPACTED and reuse (for salt- and sulfur-  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste impacted soils) Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Toluene  Hexane  Reclaim/re-use  Incinerate Solvents – 48  Kerosene  Return to supplier  Slurry injection/downhole disposal NON- HALOGENATED  Paint  Use as fuel  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste thinner/stripper  Incorporate into production Stewardship Process-approved facility  Xylene

 Reclaim/re-use  Slurry injection/downhole disposal  Sulfur base pad  Acid gas re-injection (source  Landfill 49 Sulfur (waste) reduction)  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste  Construction incorporation Stewardship Process-approved facility

 Procure long-life tires  Return to supplier  Tire recycler  Use as fuel (fuel supplement in cement kilns)  Landfill – weighted to prevent future re- surfacing 50  Hoses  Landfill cell construction (liner Tires and Rubber  Incinerate  Vehicle tires protection)  Tire shredder to provide crumb rubber  Management at a GUG Third-Party Waste Stewardship Process-approved facility  Artificial reefs  Donate to community: shoes, sandals, belts, swings, playground cushions  Construction incorporation

24 Version 2.0. Revised 1 May 2010. Printed 9 January 2018. Uncontrolled when printed. 099e44c57f0b33a0a7cc8d79016b7871.doc