1 The following supplements accompany the article 2 3 4 Differential breeding investment in bridled and non-bridled 5 Common Guillemots (Uria aalge): morph of the partner matters 6 7 Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8 9 10 Ditte Lyngbo Kristensen 11 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate 12 and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway 13 14 Kjell Einar Erikstad* 15 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate 16 and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, 17 Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7049 18 Trondheim, Norway 19 20 Tone K. Reiertsen 21 Department of Natural Sciences, Tromsø University Museum, PO Box 6050 Langnes, NO- 22 9037 Tromsø, Norway and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North 23 Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway 24 25 Truls Moum 26 Marine Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of 27 Nordland, NO-8049 Bodø, Norway 28 29 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 30

1 31 32 33 Table S1. Mean values (SE) of various traits by morph family group and year in a population of common guillemots at Hornøya, NE Norway in 34 2009-2011. Morph family groups are; (1) non-bridled male, non-bridled female (NBM-NBF), (2) non-bridled male, bridled female 35 (NBM-BF), (3) bridled male, non-bridled female (BM-NBF) and (4) bridled male, bridled female (BM-BF). Body mass are given in grams and 36 tarsus length in mm. 37 Morph family Chick Chick Chick Chick Male Female Male Male Female Female Hatching group tarsus tarsus 15 body mass body mass tarsus tarsus length body body body body date (June) hatching days hatching 15 days (g) length mass mass late mass mass late (mm.) early early 2009 NBM-NBF 33.3(4.5) 38.5(5.7) 103(6.3) 187(11.0) 50.8 48.8(3.8) 1116(14) 1116(14) 1097(16) 1010(17) 24.5(0.9) (2.6) NBM-BF 34.4(7.6) 39.3(3.8) 125(12.6) 186(8.7) 50.0(4.1) 49.4(3.6) 1130(21) 1130(21) 1112(31) 1025(19) 23.5(0.7) BM-NBF 34.0(7.1) 39.2(3.3) 110(7.0) 202(6.2) 51.5(3.4) 49.9(6.9) 1179(21) 1179(21) 1131(21) 1068(19) 25.3(0.8) BM-BF 31.7(11.7) 37.6(5.5) 94(11.7) 199(15.5) 52.0(1.9) 47.5(9.9) 1145(41) 1145(41) 1005(34) 952(29) 23.8(1.9) 2010 NBM-NBF 32.6(6.4) 40.1(4.0) 100(6.6) 246(8.0) 50.6(4.1) 48.9(4.8) 1106(13) 1106(13) 1045(16) 989(15) 20.6(1.1) NBM-BF 32.2(6.0) 40.6(6.8) 104(5.9) 252(8.3) 50.6(3.9) 49.1(5.8) 1111(17) 1111(17) 1069(19) 1009(21) 21.3(1.7) BM-NBF 33.6(8.7) 40.3(5.3) 106(6.8) 230(8.4) 50.3(4.5) 49.8(4.4) 1116(24) 1116(24) 1079(21) 996(24) 22.1(0.8) BM-BF 32.4(9.0) 38.7(8.5) 111(11.9) 242(10.0) 51.7(14. 48.3(5.5) 1089(30) 1089(30) 1035(32) 990(32) 23.3(0.9) 1) 2011 NBM-NBF 32.0(7.1) 39.7(3.4) 113(13.1) 243(8.3) 50.8(5.4) 48.8(5.5) 1090(16) 1090(16) 1059(24) 1005(23) 20.9(0.6) NBM-BF 30.6(6.9) 41.7(13.1 89(4.7) 250(8.7) 50.5(3.7) 48.1(5.1) 1138(21) 1138(21) 1093(25) 1021(12) 21.2(1.2) ) BM-NBF 32.4(10.3) 39.6(6.6) 108(12.8) 220(10.0) 51.6(4.5) 49.1(6.4) 1105(41) 1105(41) 1073(29) 1035(33) 20.2(0.9) BM-BF 31.4(7.0) 38.3(9.5) 90(5.0) 218(20.6) 52.3(19. 49.1(6.6) 1059(22) 1034(17) 1057(27) 1010(19) 22.2(0.6) 4)

2 38 39 Tables S2-S13. Comparison of all candidate models describing the variation in different traits 40 in a population of common guillemots at Hornøya, NE Norway in 2009-2011.The covariates 41 for all models are Year (2009,2010,2011), Sex of chick and 4 family morph group (Family). 42 The family morph groups are; (1) non-bridled male, non-bridled female (2) non-bridled male, 43 bridled female (3) bridled male, non-bridled female and (4) bridled male, bridled female . 44 We also entered 2 meaningful interactions (Family*Year and Family*Sex of the chick) to the 45 models. For a list of all traits modelled see also table S1 Models are ranked by ΔAICc, but 46 model likelihood (ML), AIC weight (w ) and R2 and P- values of each model are also given. 47 48 S2: Chick tarsus at hatching (n=103) AICc top rank model= 748.53 49 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Year 0 0.50 1.00 0.11 0.004 2 Year+Sex of chick 2.05 0.18 0.36 0.11 0.01 3 Year+Family 2.12 0.17 0.35 0.15 0.008 4 Year+Family+Sex of chick 2.88 0.12 0.24 0.09 0.02 5 Null model 7.31 0.01 0.03 6 Sex of chick 9.35 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.78 7 Family 9.81 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.28 8 Year+Family+Family*Year 11.48 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.04 9 Family+Sex of chick 12.06 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.43 10 Family+Sex of chick+Family*Sex of chick 15.47 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.40 50 51 52 S3: Chick tarsus 15 days old (n=87) AICc top rank model=604.27 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

Family+Year 1 0.00 0.52 1 0.23 0.0007 Family+Sex of chick+Year 2 0.53 0.40 0.77 0.25 0.0008 Family 3 5.85 0.03 0.05 0.13 0.009 Year 4 6.88 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.01 Sex of chick+Year 5 7.13 0.01 0.03 0.11 0.02 Family+Sex of chick 6 7.21 0.01 0.03 0.14 0.01 Null model 7 11.35 0.00 0.00 Family+Sex of chick +Family*Sex of chick 8 11.65 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.04 Family+Year+Family*Year 9 11.99 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.01 Sex of chick 10 12.42 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.31

3 53 54 55 S4: Chick body mass at hatching (n=104). AICc top rank model= 804.82 56 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Null model 0 0.61 1.00 2 Sex of chick 2.1 0.21 0.35 0.00 0.88 3 Year 3.62 0.10 0.16 0.01 0.72 4 Sex of chick+Year 5.77 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.87 5 Family 5.92 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.90 6 Family+Sex of chick 8.12 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.96 7 Family+Year 9.8 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.94 8 Family+Sex of chick+Year 12.07 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.97 9 Family+Year+Family*Year 13.66 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.41 10 Family+Sex of chick+Sex of chick*Family 13.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.97 57 58 59 S5: Chick body mass 15 days old (n=87) AICc top rank model=702.54 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Year 0.00 0.68 1.00 0.38 <0.0001 2 Year+Sex of chick 2.25 0.22 0.33 0.38 <0.0001 3 Year+Family 4.53 0.07 0.10 0.4 <0.0001 4 Year+Family+Sex of chick 6.95 0.02 0.03 0.4 <0.0001 5 Year+Family+Family*Year 11.64 0.00 0.00 0.45 <0.0001 6 Null model 38.44 0.00 0.00 7 Sex of chick 40.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 8 Family 44.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.81 9 Sex of chick+Family 45.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.86 10 Sex of chick+Family+Family*Sex of chick 49.72 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.71 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

4 68 69 S6: Adult male tarsus length n=102) AICc top rank model=641.08 70 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Null model 0.00 0.43 1.00 2 YEAR 1.80 0.18 0.41 0.02 0.3 3 Sex of chick 2.12 0.15 0.35 0.00 0.98 4 Family 3.05 0.09 0.22 0.03 0.34 5 Sex of chick+Year 3.86 0.06 0.15 0.03 0.47 6 Family+Year 4.75 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.3 7 Family+Sex of chick 5.28 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.5 8 Family+Sex of chick+Year 6.81 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.39 9 Family+ Sex of chick+Family*Sex of chick 12.07 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.83 10 Family+Year+Family*Year 12.25 0.00 0.00 0.2 0.31 71 72 S7: Adult female tarsus length (n=102) AICc top tank model = 686.00 73 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Family 0.00 0.31 1.00 0.06 0.09 2 0.2 Null model 3 0.27 0.89 3 Family+Sex of chick 1.53 0.14 0.47 0.07 0.13 4 Sex of chick 1.93 0.12 0.38 0 0.52 5 Family+Year 3.48 0.05 0.18 0.07 0.19 6 Year 3.59 0.05 0.17 0.01 0.64 7 Family+Sex of chick+Year 5.29 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.24 8 Sex of chick+Year 5.51 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.76 9 Family+Sex of chick+Family*Sex of chick 6.85 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.27 10 Family+Year+Family*Year 14.39 0.00 0.00 0.1 0.45 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

5 82 83 S8: Adult Male body mass early (n=102) AICc top rank model= 976.30 84 85 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Year 0 0.27 1.00 0.04 0.11 2 Null model 0.14 0.25 0.93 3 Sex of chick 1.91 0.10 0.38 0.00 0.50 4 Sex of chick+Year 2 0.10 0.37 0.04 0.20 5 Family+Year 2.09 0.09 0.35 0.08 0.11 6 Family 2.92 0.06 0.23 0.04 0.30 7 Family+Sex of chick+Year 4.18 0.03 0.12 0.09 0.17 8 Family+Sex of chickg 4.63 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.38 9 Family+Sex of chick+Sex of chick*Family 10.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.78 10 Family+Year+Family*Year 11.55 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.26 86 87 88 S9: Male body mass late (n=90)AICc top rank model= 822.11 89 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Family+Year 0.00 0.39 1.00 0.2 0.002 2 Family+Sex of chick+Year 0.89 0.25 0.64 0.21 0.003 3 Year 2.21 0.13 0.33 0.11 0.006 4 Sex of chick+Year 3.09 0.08 0.21 0.12 0.009 5 Family+Sex of chick 6.13 0.02 0.05 0.12 0.03 6 Family 7.09 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.05 7 Sex of chick 7.72 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.08 8 Null model 8.66 0.00 0.00 9 Family+Year+Family*Year 10.87 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.02 10 Family+Sex of chick+Family*Sex of chick 11.74 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.09 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

6 97 S10: Female body mass early (n=104) AICc top rank model= 997.46 98 99 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Family+Year 0 0.33 1.00 0.14 0.01 2 Family+Sex of chick+Year 0.12 0.31 0.94 0.16 0.009 3 Family 2.08 0.12 0.35 0.08 0.03 4 Year 3.27 0.06 0.19 0.05 0.06 5 Family+Sex of chick 3.3 0.06 0.19 0.09 0.04 6 Sex of chick+Year 3.66 0.05 0.16 0.07 0.06 7 Null model 4.68 0.03 0.09 8 Sex of chick 6.17 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.39 9 Family+Sex of chick+Family*Sex of chick 7.79 0.01 0.02 0.12 0.1 10 Family+Year+Family*Year 11.18 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.17 100 101 S11: Female body mass late (n=92) AICc top rank model= 856.15 102 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Null model 0 0.27 1.00 2 Year 0.68 0.19 0.71 0.04 0.17 3 Family 0.84 0.18 0.66 0.06 0.14 4 Family+Year 1.8 0.11 0.41 0.1 0.11 5 Sex of chick 2.04 0.10 0.36 0 0.75 6 Sex of chick+Year 2.91 0.06 0.23 0.04 0.32 7 Family+Sex of chick 3.12 0.06 0.21 0.06 0.24 8 Family+Sex of chick+Year 4.09 0.03 0.13 0.1 0.17 9 Family+Sex of chick+Family*Sex of chick 8.33 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.4 10 Family+Year+Family*Year 12.26 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.29 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

7 112 113 114 S12: Hatching date (n=104) AICc top rank model= 856.15 115 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Year 0 0.58 1.00 0.17 <0.0001 2 Year+Sex of chick 1.08 0.34 0.58 0.18 0.0002 3 Family+Year 5.02 0.05 0.08 0.18 0.001 4 Family+Sex of chick+year 6.12 0.03 0.05 0.19 0.002 5 Null model 15.05 0.00 0.00 6 Sex of chick 15.37 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.18 7 Family+Year+Family*Year 15.65 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.02 8 Family 20.21 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.73 9 Family+Sex of chick 20.56 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.54 10 Family+Sex of chick+Family*Sex of chick 26.12 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.72 116 117 118 S13:Chick survival (n=104). Best model AICc top rank model= 87.82 119 120 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Null model 0.00 0.39 1.00 2 Sex of chick 0.45 0.31 0.80 0.02 0.22 3 Year 2.99 0.09 0.22 0.01 0.58 4 Sex of chick+Year 3.20 0.08 0.20 0.03 0.42 5 Family 4.10 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.58 6 Sex of chick+Family+Family*Sex of chick 4.62 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.88 7 Family+Sex of chick 4.75 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.52 8 Family+Year 7.32 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.73 9 Family+Sex of chick+Year 7.60 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.64 10 Family+Year+Family*Year 14.41 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.96 121 122 123 124 125

8 126 Tables S14-S17. Comparison of candidate models describing the variation in different traits. 127 The same candidate models as in Tables S2-S13, but instead of the 4 family groups only the 128 morph (non-bridled and bridled birds) were used in the models. Only the three top rank 129 models including Family morph group (see Table 2 and text) are used for this analyses. 130 Separate models were run for morph of the adult males and females. For more details see 131 Tables S2-S13. 132 133 S14: Morph of males (bridled and nonbridled) 134 Chick tarsus at 15 days of age (n=86).AICc top rank model= 590.04 135 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Morph +Year 0 0.31 1.00 0.13 0.008 2 Year 0.24 0.27 0.89 0.11 0.009 3 Morph+Sex of chick+Year 1.22 0.17 0.54 0.14 0.01 4 Sex of chick+Year 1.42 0.15 0.49 0.12 0.02 5 Morph+Year+Morph*Year 3.13 0.06 0.21 0.15 0.02 6 Null model 5.63 0.02 0.06 7 Morph 6.46 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.25 8 Sex of chick 7.51 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.61 9 Morph+Sex of chick 8.42 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.47 10 Morph+Sex of chick+Sex of chick*Morph 9.65 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.48 136 137 138 S15:Morph of females (Bridled and non-bridled). 139 Chick tarsus at 15 days of age (n=86). AICc top rank model= 577.26 140 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Year 0.00 0.44 1.00 0.11 0.009 2 Sex of chick+Year 1.18 0.24 0.55 0.12 0.02 3 Morph+Year 2.05 0.16 0.36 0.11 0.02 4 Morph+Year+Sex of chick 3.41 0.08 0.18 0.12 0.03 5 Null model 5.39 0.03 0.07 6 Morph+Year+Morph*Year 6.45 0.02 0.04 0.11 0.08 7 Sex of chick 7.27 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.61 8 Morph 7.49 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.82 9 Morph+Sex of chick 9.45 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.87 10 Morph+Sex of chick+Morph*Sex of chick 11.47 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.92

9 141 142 S16:Morph (Bridled and non-bridled). 143 Body mass of males late (n=91). AICc top rank model= 824.32 144 145 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Year 0.00 0.42 1.00 0.11 0.006 2 Year+Sex of chick 0.88 0.27 0.64 0.12 0.009 3 Morph+Year 2.08 0.15 0.35 0.11 0.01 4 Morph+Sex of chick+Year 3.02 0.09 0.22 0.13 0.02 5 Sex of chick 5.51 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.08 6 Morph+Year+Morph*Year 6.43 0.02 0.04 0.12 0.06 7 Null model 6.45 0.02 0.04 8 Morph+Sex of the chick 7.70 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.23 9 Morph 8.59 0.01 0.01 0.00 1.00 10 Morph+Sex of chick+Morph*Sex of chick 9.65 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.36 146 147 148 149 150 S17:Morph (Bridled and non-bridled). 151 Body mass of females early (n=91). AICc top rank model= 824.32 152 153 2 Model ∆AICC w ML R P

1 Null model 0.00 0.31 1.00 2 Year 0.82 0.21 0.66 0.04 0.18 3 Morph 1.85 0.12 0.40 0.00 0.60 4 Morph+Year 2.07 0.11 0.36 0.00 0.80 5 Morph+Year 2.86 0.08 0.24 0.04 0.31 6 Sex of chick+Year 3.05 0.07 0.22 0.04 0.34 7 Morph+Sex of chick 4.01 0.04 0.13 0.00 0.86 8 Morph+Sex of chick+Year 5.12 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.47 9 Morph+morphm Juvsex*morphm 5.80 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.86 10 Morph+Year +Morph*year 6.49 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.48 154

10 155

11