Unit 1 Test

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below. a. environment f. Earth b. axis g. sun c. GIS h. Southern Hemisphere d. the western United States i. artifacts e. Landsat j. a year ____ 1. “half sphere” 0 to 90S latitude ____ 2. third planet from the sun ____ 3. humans’ natural surroundings ____ 4. computer software used to map the earth ____ 5. tools and pottery from the past ____ 6. an example of a huge region ____ 7. center of the solar system ____ 8. photos taken by satellites ____ 9. a full revolution of the earth ____ 10. imaginary line running through the earth’s center

Match each item with the correct statement below. a. the moon f. seasons b. canyon g. isthmus c. geography h. 23 1/2 d. Mt. Everest i. Mariana Trench e. 365 1/4 j. plateau ____ 11. a narrow piece of land that connects two larger pieces of land ____ 12. the study of the earth in all its variety ____ 13. number of days it takes the earth to travel around the sun ____ 14. a cold, rocky sphere with no water or atmosphere ____ 15. changes caused by the earth’s year-long orbit ____ 16. steep-sided lowland formed by a river cutting through a plateau ____ 17. lowest spot on the earth’s surface ____ 18. flat area at a high elevation ____ 19. highest spot on the earth’s surface ____ 20. number of degrees that the earth is tilted on its axis

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 21. Which of the following is a human characteristic of a place? a. fertile soil c. amount of resources b. available freshwater d. languages spoken ____ 22. The area that surrounds the earth’s core is called the ____. a. magma c. mantle b. crust d. continents

____ 23. Which of the following phrases best completes the diagram? a. continents move apart c. volcanoes erupt b. high mountain ranges result d. all of the above ____ 24. The angle of the sun’s rays causes the ____. a. seasons c. years b. days d. orbits ____ 25. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the ____. a. Tropic of Cancer c. Southern Hemisphere b. North Pole d. galaxy ____ 26. The day with the fewest hours of sunlight occurs in the Northern Hemisphere in the ____. a. summer c. spring b. autumn d. winter ____ 27. Off each coast of a continent lies a plateau called a(n) ____. a. island c. continental shelf b. isthmus d. trench ____ 28. Which two gases form about 99 percent of the atmosphere? a. oxygen and hydrogen c. helium and hydrogen b. nitrogen and oxygen d. hydrogen and nitrogen ____ 29. Water, wind, and ice move weathered material through a process called ____. a. magma c. mantle b. earthquakes d. erosion ____ 30. The earth’s crust includes ocean floors and ____. a. an inner core c. continents b. an outer core d. straits ____ 31. Dangerous rays from the sun are screened out on the earth by the ____. a. equinoxes c. atmosphere b. oceans d. solstices ____ 32. Plates that form the earth’s crust float on liquid rock in the ____. a. magma c. mantle b. atmosphere d. tsunami ____ 33. What is A in the diagram? a. the moon c. the sun b. Earth d. the Equator ____ 34. Weathering is a process that ____. a. causes people to move from one place to another b. causes the movement of tectonic plates c. causes earthquakes d. breaks surface rocks into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil ____ 35. The earth’s 1,000-mile (1,609-km)-thick cushion of gases is called the ____. a. atmosphere c. grid system b. greenhouse effect d. solar system ____ 36. The point where a river empties into another body of water is called its ____. a. source c. valley b. mouth d. delta ____ 37. Magma can be seen in a(n) ____. a. river c. active volcano b. plain d. plateau ____ 38. Plains and mountains are examples of ____. a. landforms c. plateaus b. hills d. islands ____ 39. About 70 percent of the earth’s surface is ____. a. continents c. water b. islands d. gases ____ 40. The movement of the earth’s huge land masses is known as ____. a. earthquake activity c. erosion b. continental collision d. continental drift ____ 41. Which of the planets is closest to the sun? a. Saturn c. Venus b. Earth d. Mercury

____ 42. Which of the following is NOT a planet? a. Moon c. Pluto b. Neptune d. Earth

____ 43. Which of the following is a “belt” that orbits the Sun? a. Jupiter c. Uranus b. Asteroids d. Comet

____ 44. Which two planets are closest to Earth? a. Mars and Venus c. Jupiter and Mars b. Moon and Mars d. Sun and Venus ____ 45. What does a star inside a circle symbolize on this map? a. national boundary c. projection b. national capital d. other city

____ 46. Which feature on this map measures distance? a. compass rose c. type of projection b. key d. scale bar

____ 47. What is the capital of Germany? a. Bremen c. Munich b. Hamburg d. Berlin

____ 48. Which city on the map is farthest east? a. Berlin c. Dresden b. Cologne d. Rostock

“As we slowly climbed into the higher elevations, the air became colder. The vegetation that surrounded us changed from great forests of pine trees to just small flowering shrubs tucked among the rocks. When we reached the peak, we could see for miles. Range after range filled the landscape in front of us.”

____ 49. What type of landform are these people describing? a. hill c. plateau b. mountain d. canyon

____ 50. On which of the following landforms could these people be located? a. Plateau of Tibet c. North European Plain b. Mt. Everest d. Great Rift Valley

____ 51. What type of plant life is found on the peak of the landform in this quote? a. desert cactus c. towering forests b. low-lying shrubs d. tropical ferns

“At the beginning of our adventure, we stood upon a flat lowland. Our mules then started to carefully pick their way down the steep-sided walls. On our way down, we could see where a river had long ago carved through the various rock layers of the earth. Four hours later, our mules and our sore bodies reached the river at the bottom.”

____ 52. On what type of landform are these mules walking? a. canyon c. plain b. continental shelf d. isthmus

____ 53. Which of the following phrases from the quote tells you that the mules are NOT walking on a hill or mountain? a. steep-sided walls c. various rock layers b. river at the bottom d. a flat lowland ____ 54. According to the diagram, what type of landform is H? a. island c. isthmus b. peninsula d. strait

____ 55. Which of the following letters represents a volcano on the diagram? a. A c. M b. K d. R

____ 56. Which of the following is labeled as “L” on the diagram? a. strait c. glacier b. lake d. gulf

____ 57. According to the diagram, what does the letter “M” show? a. volcano c. plateau b. hills d. glacier ____ 58. According to the diagram, which of the following is related to physical geography? a. the number of fish in an area b. the number of fishers in an area c. the word for “fish” in the local language d. how people in the area eat their fish

____ 59. According to the diagram, which of the following is related to human geography? a. the cold climate of an area b. the types of vegetation that grow in cold climates c. the types of clothing worn in cold climates d. the location of a landmass near the North Pole ____ 60. More sunlight reaches the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere during the a. Vernal Equinox. c. Summer Solstice. b. Autumnal Equinox. d. Winter Solstice.

____ 61. The Northern Hemisphere tilts away from the sun during the _____. a. Vernal Equinox c. Summer Solstice b. Autumnal Equinox d. Winter Solstice

____ 62. Summer occurs in the Southern Hemisphere during the _____. a. Winter Solstice c. Autumnal Equinox b. Summer Solstice d. Vernal Equinox

____ 63. The North Pole experiences several weeks of constant darkness during the _____. a. Vernal Equinox c. Autumnal Equinox b. Summer Solstice d. Winter Solstice

____ 64. This diagram shows Earth’s _____. a. rotation on its axis c. revolution around the sun b. human geography d. atmosphere ____ 65. What is the innermost layer of the earth? a. core c. crust b. mantle d. shelf

____ 66. Which layer of the earth is the thinnest? a. inner core c. crust b. outer core d. mantle

____ 67. Earth’s continents are part of the _____. a. core c. mantle b. magma d. crust ____ 68. Which letter on the map is located on the continent of Africa? a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 69. v Which continent is labeled with the letter “H”? a. Asia c. Europe b. Africa d. Australia

____ 70. Which continent is located north of Africa? a. North America c. Europe b. South America d. Antarctica

____ 71. What does the letter “G” show on this map? a. Atlantic Ocean c. Indian Ocean b. Pacific Ocean d. Arctic Ocean ____ 72. What was the name of the single large landmass that existed 200 million years ago? a. Eurasia c. Eurafrica b. America d. Pangaea

____ 73. Which landmass was NOT connected to another landmass 65 million years ago? a. North America c. India b. Eurasia d. Australia

“A thousand feet below us, at the center of a valley of black lava . . . an enormous cone that didn’t exist a week ago erupts [continuously], hurling lava bombs as big as cars hundreds of feet into the air. ...The golden river of lava to our left is pouring from a [crack] in a summit crater belching smoke and ash above us.” National Geographic

____ 74. What is the quote describing? a. an earthquake c. a fault b. a tsunami d. a volcano

____ 75. The quote uses the phrase “golden river of lava.” What is the scientific word for this melted rock? a. magma c. mantle b. core d. weathering

“Two continents, Australia and Antarctica, stand alone, while the others are joined in some way. Europe and Asia are actually parts of one huge landmass called Eurasia. A narrow neck of land called the Isthmus of Panama links North America and South America. Only the human-made Suez Canal separates Africa and Asia.”

____ 76. Which of the following continents is NOT connected to any other continent? a. Europe c. Australia b. Asia d. North America

____ 77. What type of landform connects North America and South America? a. a peninsula c. a canal b. a strait d. an isthmus

____ 78. Which continent was naturally connected to Africa, but now is separated by a human-made feature? a. Europe c. Antarctica b. Asia d. South America

Short Answer

79. What is the difference between B and H on the diagram? 80. Use the diagram to write a short description of our solar system.

81. Use the diagram to explain why the United States experiences changes in seasons. 82. What is the scale of miles on this map?

83. Are the black lines on this map rivers or boundaries? How can you tell?

Essay

84. What are some of the powerful forces that change the earth’s surface? Describe the causes and the results of one of these forces that you have read about or seen on TV news programs.

85. What are the seasons like in the area of the United States where you live? Describe the seasons and what causes them.

86. What are some of the human and physical features in the area of the United States where you live?

87. How does the sun affect life on the earth? Unit 1 Test Answer Section

MATCHING

1. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Average 2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average 5. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average 7. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 8. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Average 9. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

11. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Average 12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 13. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Average 14. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average 15. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average 17. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Average 18. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Average 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average 20. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Average

MULTIPLE CHOICE

21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 22. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average 23. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average 25. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average 27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average 28. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average 29. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average 30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average 31. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average 32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average 33. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average 35. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average 36. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average 37. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 38. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 39. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average 40. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average 41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 42. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 44. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 45. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 46. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 47. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 48. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 49. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 50. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 51. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 52. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 53. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 54. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 55. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 56. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 57. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 58. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 59. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 60. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 61. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 62. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 63. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 64. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 65. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 66. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 67. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 68. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 69. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 70. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 71. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 72. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 73. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 74. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 75. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 76. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 77. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question 78. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy MSC: Document Based Question SHORT ANSWER

79. ANS: B is a strait, or a narrow body of water between two landmasses. H is an isthmus, or a narrow strip of land that connects two larger bodies of land.

PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 80. ANS: The sun is at the center of our solar system. Nine planets revolve around the sun, with Mercury located closest to the sun and Pluto located farthest from the sun. Earth is the third planet from the sun. Some planets have moons and/or rings. Asteroids and sometimes comets are included in our solar system.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 81. ANS: Earth is tilted 23 1/2 degrees on its axis. This tilt brings some areas of Earth closer to the sun as Earth makes its year-long orbit around the sun. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted closer to the sun, it experiences summer. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, winter occurs.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging MSC: Document Based Question 82. ANS: About 1/2 inch equals 100 miles on this map.

PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question 83. ANS: The key tells you that the black lines are national boundaries. The black lines may also be rivers, but this map is showing political features, not physical features.

PTS: 1 DIF: Average MSC: Document Based Question

ESSAY

84. ANS: Answers will vary but should include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, weathering, and erosion. Students might describe an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or flood in their area or in some other part of the world. They should describe the way it affected the places involved and the people living there. They should also explain the forces beneath the earth’s crust or on the earth’s surface that cause the change. PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging 85. ANS: Answers will vary according to where students live but should mention the names of the seasons there the changes in climate experienced. Students should explain that seasons are caused by the tilt of the earth on its axis and the earth’s orbit around the sun. When the sun’s rays fall directly on a place, people enjoy the warmth of summer. When a place receives only indirect rays, people experience winter.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging 86. ANS: Answers will vary according to where students live but should mention such human features as towns, cities, highways, schools, and other human-made features as well as the physical features and landforms found there such as hills, plains, valleys, rivers, oceans, lakes, and mountains.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging 87. ANS: Answers will vary but should mention that the sun provides the light and heat that allow all forms of life on the earth to exist. The earth’s revolution and rotation around the sun cause the seasons and climate on our planet.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging