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An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research Radiocarbon, Volume 42, Number 3 (2000) Item Type Journal; text Publisher Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona Journal Radiocarbon Rights Copyright © by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Download date 09/10/2021 09:46:29 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/655374 Radiocarbon An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research VOLUME 42 / NUMBER 3 / 2000 Guest Editor J VAN DER PLICHT Editor A J T JULL Associate Editors J WARREN BECK GEORGE S BURR Managing Editor KIMBERLEY TANNER ELLIOTT Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona 4717 East Fort Lowell Road Tucson, Arizona 85712-1201 USA ISSN: 0033-8222 RADIOCARBON An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research Editor: A J T JULL Associate Editors: J WARREN BECK and GEORGE S BURR Managing Editor: KIMBERLEY TANNER ELLIOTT Interns: JACKIE LIND and MARGARET BURNETT Published by Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona Published three times a year at The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712-1201 USA. © 2000 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Subscription rates (2001): $150.00 (for institutions), $80.00 (for individuals). Foreign postage is $10. All sub- scriptions now include free access to our online journal at http://www.catchword.com/titles/00338222.htm. A complete price list, including proceedings of international conferences, special publications, and back issues, appears on the inside back cover of this issue. Advertising rates are also listed at the back of this issue and on our website at http://www.radiocarbon.org/adrates.html. Missing issues will be replaced without charge only if a claim is made within three months (six months for India, New Zealand and Australia) after the publication date. Claims for missing issues will not be honored if non-delivery results from failure by the subscriber to notify the Journal of an address change. Authors: See our “Information for Authors” document at http://www.radiocarbon.org/Authors/ for guidelines concerning manuscript submission and format. All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor, RADIOCARBON, Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, 4717 East Fort Low- ell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712-1201 USA. Tel.: +1 520 881-0857; Fax: +1 520 881-0554; Internet: editor@radio- carbon.org. List of laboratories. Our comprehensive list of laboratories is published annually, and is also available on the WWW at http://www.radiocarbon.org/Info/lablist.html. We ask all laboratory directors to provide their labora- tory code designation, as well as current telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. Changes in names or addresses, additions or deletions should be reported to the Managing Editor. Conventional and AMS laborato- ries are now arranged in alphabetical order by country, and we include laboratories listed by code designation. RADIOCARBON on the World Wide Web: http://www.radiocarbon.org/ RADIOCARBON is indexed and/or abstracted by the following sources: Anthropological Index; Anthropological Literature; Art and Archaeology Technical Abstracts; Bibliography and Index of Geology (GeoRef); British Archaeological Bibliography; Chemical Abstracts; Chemistry Citation Index; Current Advances in Ecological and Environmental Sciences; Current Contents (ISI); FRANCIS (Institut de l’Information Scientifique et Technique – CNRS); Geographical Abstracts; Geological Abstracts; Oceanographic Literature Review; Science Citation Index; Social Sciences Citation Index. RADIOCARBON The University of Arizona Department of Geosciences An International Journal of 4717 E. Fort Lowell Rd, Rm. 104 Cosmogenic Isotope Research Tucson, AZ 85712-1201 USA Phone +1 520 881-0857 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +1 520 881-0554 http://www.radiocarbon.org/ 2001 PRICE LIST* Proceedings of the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference $50.00 (Vol 40, Nrs 1 and 2, 1998) INTCAL98 (1998 Calibration issue; Vol 40, Nr 3, 1998) 40.00 Proceedings of the 15th International Radiocarbon Conference (Vol 37, Nr 2, 1995) 50.00* Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry 1994 (ISBN: 0-9638314-3-7; 1996) 20.00 Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry 1992 (ISBN: 0-9638314-0-2; 1993) 10.00 (ISBN: 0-9638314-0-2; 1993) Special offer—LSC 92 and LSC 94 package—save $5.00 25.00 Late Quaternary Chronology and Paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean 30.00 (ISBN: 0-9638314-1-0; 1994) Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity (ISBN 0-9638314-2-9; 1996) 20.00 (Proceedings of the International Tree-Ring Conference, Tucson, Arizona, 1994) SUBSCRIPTION RATES VOLUME 43, Nrs 1–3, 2001 Now with free online access! Institution 150.00† Individual 80.00‡ Lifetime Subscription—Institutional 2500.00 Lifetime Subscription—Individual 1000.00 BACK ISSUES (except conference proceedings and special issues) Single issue 40.00 VOLUMES 1–9 each volume 40.00 VOLUMES 10–21 each volume 65.00 VOLUMES 22–41 each volume 100.00 Radiocarbon Conference Proceedings 50.00 SPECIAL FULL-SET OFFER—Volumes 1–42 (1959–2000) 1000.00 Big savings. Includes 11 out-of-print issues. Take $50.00 off for each additional set. POSTAGE AND HANDLING CHART U.S. Foreign Postage rates are for surface mail. Please con- Subscription -- $10.00 tact us for airmail or express delivery rates. Book or Proceedings $2.75 $5.00 Orders must be prepaid. We accept payments Single back issue $1.25 $2.00 by Visa and MasterCard, or by check or money order payable in $US to Radiocarbon. Full set $65.00 $100.00 *Postage will be added; see above chart. Subscription rates and book prices are subject to change. Online access via CatchWord, Ltd. See http://www.catchword.com/titles/00338222.htm. Vol 42, Nr 3 Radiocarbon 2000 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Johannes van der Plicht . 313 ARTICLES Varve Chronologies AMS Radiocarbon Measurements from the Swedish Varved Clays Barbara Wohlfarth, Göran Possnert . 323 Radiocarbon Calibration by Means of Varves Versus 14C Ages of Terrestrial Macrofossils from Lake Go ci¹¿ and Lake Perespilno, Poland Tomasz Goslar, Maurice Arnold, Nadine Tisnerat-Laborde, Christine Hatte, Martine Paterne, Magdalena Ralska-Jasiewiczowa . 335 Radiocarbon Dating of Varve Chronologies: Soppensee and Holzmaar after Ten Years Irka Hajdas, Georges Bonani, Bernd Zolitschka . 349 AMS Radiocarbon and Varve Chronology from the Annually Laminated Sediment Record of Lake Meerfelder Maar, Germany Achim Brauer, Christoph Endres, Bernd Zolitschka, Jörg FW Negendank . 355 Atmospheric Radiocarbon Calibration Beyond 11,900 cal BP from Lake Suigetsu Laminated Sediments Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Johannes van der Plicht . 370 Comparison Records Last Ice Age Millennial Scale Climate Changes Recorded in Huon Peninsula Corals Yusuke Yokoyama, Tezer M Esat, Kurt Lambeck, L Keith Fifield . 383 Comparison of U-Series and Radiocarbon Dates of Speleothems Tomasz Goslar, Helena Hercman, Anna Pazdur. 403 Radiocarbon Calibration Beyond the Dendrochronology Range Mordechai Stein, Steven L Goldstein, Alexandra Schramm . 415 Subfossil Tree Deposits in the Middle Durance (Southern Alps, France): Environmental Changes from Allerød to Atlantic C Miramont, O Sivan, T Rosique, JL Edouard, M Jorda . 423 Radiocarbon Levels in the Iceland Sea from 25–53 kyr and their Link to the Earth’s Magnetic Field Intensity Antje H L Voelker, Pieter M Grootes, Marie-Josee Nadeau, Michael Sarnthein . 437 RADIOCARBON UPDATES . 453 LIST OF LABORATORIES . 455 AUTHOR INDEX . 479 SUBJECT INDEX . 481 i EDITORIAL BOARD EDOUARD BARD Aix-en-Provence, France CHRISTOPHER BRONK RAMSEY Oxford, England OWEN K DAVIS Tucson, Arizona, USA ELLEN R M DRUFFEL Irvine, California, USA PIETER GROOTES Kiel, Germany YAROSLAV KUZMIN Vladivostok, Russia STEVEN W LEAVITT Tucson, Arizona, USA TOSHIO NAKAMURA Nagoya, Japan ANN P McNICHOL Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA PAVEL POVINEC Bratislava, Slovakia Monaco MICHAEL B SCHIFFER Tucson, Arizona, USA E MARIAN SCOTT Glasgow, Scotland RODGER SPARKS Lower Hutt, New Zealand JOHANNES VAN DER PLICHT Groningen, The Netherlands JOHN S VOGEL Livermore, California, USA WEIJIAN ZHOU Xi’an, China ii RADIOCARBON, Vol 42, Nr 3, 2000, p 313–322 © 2000 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona INTRODUCTION THE 2000 RADIOCARBON VARVE/COMPARISON ISSUE Johannes van der Plicht, guest editor Centre for Isotope Research, Radiocarbon Laboratory, Groningen University, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands. Email: [email protected]. For radiocarbon calibration, the arrow of time is pointing backwards but the entropy does not necessarily decrease in this direction… At the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference in Groningen, June 1997, it was decided to pub- lish the 3rd calibration issue (Stuiver and van der Plicht, editors 1998). Upon amending and extend- ing previous calibration issues (Stuiver and Kra 1986; Stuiver et al. 1993), a new and recommended calibration curve INTCAL98 has been constructed (Stuiver et al. 1998). Calibration is the conversion of radiocarbon ages (BP) into historical ages (cal BC, cal AD, or cal BP). The 14C content of the atmosphere is not a natural constant throughout the ages, but depends on factors such as geomagnetic field intensity and solar fluctuations (directly influencing the cosmic ray flux and thus the 14C production rate in the atmosphere), and carbon reservoir reorganizations 14 (mainly CO2 exchange ocean/atmosphere) (Bard 1998). Past atmospheric C fluctuations
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