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Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Summary Environmental Impact Assessment SUBREGIONAL TRANSPORT CONNECTIVITY PROJECT IN INDIA June 2005 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 15 March 2005) Currency Unit – India rupee/ (Re/Rs) Re1.00 = $0.02 $1.00 = Rs 43.55 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board DFO – Divisional Forest Officer EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return EMoP – Environment Monitoring Plan EMP – Environment Management Plan IEE – initial environment examination IRC – Indian Road Congress JWS – Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary kph – kilometers per hour MOSRTH – Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways MWS – Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary NAAQ – National Ambient Air Quality NANQ – National Ambient Noise Quality NGO – nongovernment organization NH – National Highway NOx – nitrogen oxide PIU – project implementation unit PMC – project management consultant PMU – project management unit PWD – Public Works Department ROW – right of way RSPM – respirable suspended particulate matter RWS – Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary SGOS – State Government of Sikkim SGWB – State Government of West Bengal SIEE – summary initial environmental examination SPM – suspended particulate matter TA – technical assistance NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAP I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1 A. Location of the Projects 1 B. Need for the Projects 2 C. Proposed Projects 3 D. Project Schedule 4 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4 A. Physical Environment 5 B. Biological Environment 7 C. Socioeconomic 10 IV. ALTERNATIVES 11 A. No Project 11 B. Alternative Transport Modes 11 C. Alternative Improvements 12 D. Alternative Alignment 13 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 13 A. Design and Construction Phase 13 B. Operational Phase 17 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 19 A. Benefits 19 B. Costs of Adverse Impacts, If Not Mitigated 19 C. Cost of Mitigation Measures 19 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 20 A. Environmental Management Plan 20 B. Authorities and Implementation Responsibility 20 C. Monitoring Plan 20 D. Unexpected Impacts 21 E. Contingency Response Plan 21 F. Institutional Capacity to Address Environmental Concerns 21 VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND DISCLOSURE 21 IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 23 APPENDIXES 1. Environmental Management Plan for the Barasat Bypass 24 2. Environmental Management Plan for Raiganj–Dalkhola 35 3. Environmental Management Plan for the Sevok–Gangtok Section 46 4. Environmental Management Plan for Panitanki/Fulbari Stretch 57 5. Environmental Management Plan for Hasimara–Jaigaon/Phuentsholing 68 6. Environmental Management Plan for Rehabilitation of Baharampur 77 and Maldah Bridges 7. Environmental Monitoring Plan 83 o o o Paro 75 00'E UTTARANCHAL 85 00'E PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC 89 00'E THIMPHU PAKISTAN OF CHINA HARYANA S I K K I M Ha ARUNCHAL NEPAL Delhi PRADESH SIKKIM BHUTAN Gangtok UTTAR A S S A M BHUTAN RAJASTHAN PRADESH MEGHALAYA o BIHAR o NEPAL Chhukha 25 00'N 25 00'N Darjiling JHARKHAND WEST TRIPURA BENGAL Maikhola Phuentsholing GUJARAT MIZORAM Sevok MADHYA PRADESH Kolkata Jaigaon CHHATTISGARH Chalsa Panitanki Raidak O R I S S A Shiliguri Madarihat Gulf of B a y o f Kakarbhitta to Kathmandu Banglabanda Hasimara Cambay MAHARASHTRA B e n g a l Fulbari Biratnagar Falakata Jalpaiguri Changrabandh ANDHRA Chofra Alipur Duar PRADESH Burimari GOA Koch Bihar ASSAM Islampur KARNATAKA I N D I A N O C E A N N5 to Dhaka/Mongla A r a b i a n S e a o o TAMIL 26 00'N 26 00'N NADU o o Dalkhola 10 00'N KERALA 10 00'N to Delhi NH31 o o 75 00'E 85 00'E Raiganj o MEGHALAYA 87 00'E NH34 National Capital SH10 Shilong State Capital B I H A R Hilli Gajol City/Town Maldah Project Road ADB-Financed National and State Highway (Loan 1870-IND, Loan 1274-IND & Loan 1041-IND) INDIA Under Improvement to Four-Lane Standard SUBREGIONAL TRANSPORT National Highway Farakka Ganga River Railway CONNECTIVITY PROJECT Project Bridge River State Boundary Moregram International Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. Baharampur Siuri BANGLADESH to Delhi Asansol NH34 Raniganj Panagarh Krishnanagar Purulia Bankura Barddhaman o Ranaghat o 23 00'N WEST BENGAL 23 00'N SH1 Bangaon Chunchura Chakda JHARKHAND Barrackpur Barasat Bypass KOLKATA Uluberiya Medinipur Joka Kharagpur N Haldia 0 20 40 60 Kilometers O R I S S A B a y o f B e n g a l o o 87 00'E 89 00'E 05-1245 HR I. INTRODUCTION 1. This summary environmental impact assessment is based on three environmental assessment reports for the proposed Subregional Transport Connectivity Project (the Project) in India. These reports were (i) the initial environmental examination (IEE) of the proposed rehabilitation and improvement of Baharampur and Maldah bridges; (ii) the IEE of the proposed rehabilitation and improvement of the road connecting Fulbari (on the border of India and Bangladesh) to Panitanki (next to Kakarbhitta in Nepal), and the road connecting Hasimara (in India) to Jaigaon (next to Phuentsholing in Bhutan); and (iii) the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the proposed rehabilitation and improvement of national highways (NH) connecting Raiganj to Dalkhola and Sevok to Gangtok, as well as the construction of two bypasses in Dalkhola and Barasat in West Bengal Province. In addition, this summary took into account the reports of the rapid wildlife movement assessment that was carried out in Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary (MWS) area and Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary (RWS). 2. The Project initially was categorized as a “B” project, according to the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Environmental Assessment Guidelines of 2003. However, the environmental survey found that the Raiganj–Dalkhola and Sevok–Gangtok stretches pass through designated wildlife sanctuaries, and that the Barasat Bypass will require new construction. Based on these findings, these three subprojects were reclassified as “A” projects. Subsequently, EIAs for these subprojects were prepared. 3. The environmental assessment studies were carried out between August and December 2004. The technical assistance (TA) consultant prepared the IEE and EIA reports on behalf of the state Government of West Bengal (SGWB), state Government of Sikkim (SGS), and Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (MOSRTH). 4. These EIA studies were based primarily on secondary data. The environmental study covered the project area, as well as the area of direct and indirect impacts. These environmental assessment reports were prepared in accordance with relevant laws and regulations of the Government of India; and with the Environmental Policy of the Asian Development Bank, 2002 and the Environmental Assessment Guidelines of the Asian Development Bank, 2003.1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT A. Location of the Projects 5. Six of the seven subprojects proposed under TA 6154-REG are in the state of West Bengal. The other one (the Sevok–Gangtok road subproject) passes through two states, Sikkim and West Bengal. Table 1 provides the location of each subproject. Table1: Location of Subprojects Subproject State District Length (in km) Barasat Bypass West Bengal 24 Paraganas (North) 21.60 km Raiganj–Dalkhola Uttar Dinajpur 48.50 km (including Dalkhola bypass) Hasimara–Jaigaon Jalpaiguri 18.50 km 1 The executing agencies are obtaining the environmental clearance from the Ministry Forest and Environment. 2 Panitanki–Fulbari Darjeeling 46.00 km Sevok–Gangtok West Bengal Darjeeling (West Bengal) and 92.00 km and Sikkim East Sikkim Bridge Projects Baharampur Bridge, over West Bengal Baharampur, Murshidabad 00.28 km Bhagirath River Maldah Bridge over Maldah 00.33 km Mahananda River km = kilometer Source: RETA 6154 for Preparing the Subregional Transport Connectivity Project, approved on 18 December 2003, in the amount of $800,000. B. Need for the Projects 6. The Project is needed primarily to improve connectivity within northeastern India and with neighboring countries, especially Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. Brief explanations of the need for each subproject are provided in paras. 7–14. 1. Barasat Bypass 7. Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh are connected with Kolkata Port through NH 34 and NH 35. Intense urban development has caused congestion on many parts of these highways. Barasat town, which is part of greater Kolkata, is expanding quickly. In addition, the Belgharia Expressway and the second Vivekananda Bridge will increase traffic flowing from NH 2 and NH 6 directly into NH 34 and NH 35, congesting traffic in Barasat town. Therefore, NH 34 traffic should bypass Barasat Town in the future. 2. Raiganj–Dalkhola 8. The development of NH 34 from Kolkata (beyond Barasat) to Raiganj is covered by the ADB-funded West Bengal Corridor Development Project. However, the Raiganj–Dalkhola section of NH 34 was not included for improvement under that project. The condition of the Raiganj–Dalkhola stretch has deteriorated seriously. Rain seepage and water accumulation in potholes have weakened the road’s foundation. 9. Dalkhola town is on the northern end of NH 34, where the highway joins NH 31—the main east-west corridor from Gujarat in the west to Assam in the east. NH 34 passes through the main part of Dalkhola town, which is heavily congested already. Therefore, the town should be bypassed. 3. Sevok–Gangtok 10. Since this is the only road connecting the state of Sikkim and its capital Gangtok with the rest of the country, it is considered the lifeline of Sikkim. However, the road is narrow (1.5 lanes), has many hairpin turns, and is congested during the tourist months. Many areas are prone to landslides, and maintenance costs are high. Improving this road would strengthen Sikkim’s connection with the rest of the country. 3 4. Hasimara–Jaigaon 11. The Hasimara–Jaigaon stretch is Bhutan’s most important road link with India. It is used for most of Bhutan’s trade with India and other countries. Traffic is expected to increase substantially over time, which will require a capacity expansion. 5. Panitanki–Fulbari 12. The Panitanki-Fulbari stretch is an important interregional link between Nepal () and Bangladesh (Fulbari) through India.
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