Summary of the 2Nd Ttobsreq Workshop

Summary of the 2nd TTObsReq Workshop

Zurich, Aug 12-13, 2015

Attendance: see appendix

Agenda: see appendix

List of documents to be posted:

1. TTObsReqW2_Zurich ppt -- presentation materials presented by Carmichael – overview of meeting and progress 2. 2015 08 12 TT-ObsReq2-WIGOS Overview LPR_v2 ppt – WIGOS overview presented by Lars-Peter 3. Summary day-1 ppt – presented by Greg – summarizing findings of day 1 and cross checking with other input received 4. Draft white paper aerosols requirements 5. SoG ag 6. SoG - NWP

Actions:

1. Reviewed and updates presented of the application areas, GAW SIP, and workshop agenda and goals. (Greg – see doc 1). 2. Reviewed and updates presented of WIGOS (Lars-Peter – see doc 2.) 3. Discussed application areas and the atmospheric composition and related parameters – developed a comprehensive list. List based on the results of the 1st workshop, plus input obtained in advance to the 2nd workshop, and discussion at the 2nd workshop (input received by persons not at the meeting: Randall Martin, Susana Beatriz Diaz, Angela Benedetti, John Ogren, Johannes Flemming, Alkis Bais, Matt Tully, Stephan Kinne, …

A. Key parameters needed for Forecasting Application ( red added at 2 nd workshop )

1. All Global NWP variables (the requirements for these are assumed to be met from other application areas, flagged here are ones that should be checked to see if additional requirements may be needed to

1 support atm comp applications specifically) (e.g., PBL + Tropopause height) and others yet to be determined by WMO/GAW, cloud top/bottom, phase, COD, soil moisture

2. Aerosols (here variables are listed generically, more specifics will be parsed out in requirements (e.g., wavelengths, chemical speciation, etc…) (aerosol mass, size distribution (or at least mass at 3 fraction sizes: 1, 2.5 and 10 micron) size 3nm-up, speciation and chemical composition, AOD at multiple wavelengths, pbl-AOD, AAOD, SSA, water content, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction), wet deposition, pollen (key species)

3. Reactive Gases, Trace gases (incl GHG), Ozone Precursors (here variables are listed generically, more specifics will be parsed out in requirements (e.g., O3 including in situ ground level, column, profile, etc.)

(Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2 (surface, column,

profile), PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols,

aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2

(surface and column), CH4, CO2, N2O, HCHO, HOx, Clx, ClO, BrO,

OClO, ClONO2, HDO, CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, Rn, SF6)

4. Others Actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, OCS, TOA surface short/longwave rad, UV

B. Key parameters needed for Monitoring

1. All Global NWP variables (all red from F + …) (e.g. PBL + tropopause height) and others we want to add: SST, deep ocean temperature, solar variability, albedo, land use, soil moisture, precipitation, sea ice cover, snow cover, PSC occurrence, H2O, Clouds including COD, CCN, IN

2 Aerosols (aerosol mass, number, size/surface distribution (1, 2.5, 10 micron),

2 speciation and chemical composition, AOD at multiple wavelengths, AOD nighttime, AAOD, water content, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction), stratospheric aerosol backscatter coefficient, PSC composition, concentration of metals, chemical composition of PM (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, BC, OC, OM, dust, sea salt, BS, SOA, BrC) aerosol index, refractive index, wet deposition (composition), Hg, POPs, primary biological particles)

3. Reactive gases, Trace gases (incl GHGs), Ozone Precursors

Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2 (surface, column, profile),

PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes,

ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2 (surface, column), CH4,

CO2, N2O, N2O5, NO3, HCHO, HOx, Cly, ClO, BrO, OClO, ClONO2, HDO,

CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, Halons, CH3Br, CH3Cl, BrONO2, Rn, SF6, glyoxal,

methyl chloroform, H2O, H2O2, H2, O2 / N2 ratio, DMS, MSA, OCS, halogenated VSLS, HONO, organic nitrates

4. Trace gas isotopes and air mass tracers 13 14 17 18 15 CO2, methane, N2O, CO, (D, C, C, O, O, N) also in the aerosol phase, for biomass burning, stratosphere, surface (radon, Be7, etc. )

5. Others (this list is not complete, but is to capture info needed for emissions, parameterizations dependent of land use/cover, etc.) (Actinic flux, UV, short/long TOA surface, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, dry and wet deposition, pollen (key species), ocean colour, chlorophyll-A, LAI, PAR, FPAR, fluorescence, vegetation maps, land use maps, burned areas, night light, fire counts, wet lands, ship routes, forest inventory, biomass density, crop lands)

C. Key parameters needed for Urban applications (Under development) – similar to what we covered previously, NEEDS further input 1. All Global NWP variables (e.g., PBL) and others yet to be determined by WMO/GAW (plus elements not covered in NWP) 2. Aerosols aerosol mass, size distribution (or at least mass at 3 fraction sizes: 1, 2.5 and 10 micron), speciation and chemical composition, AOD at multiple wavelengths, water content, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction, concentrations of metals 3. Reactive Gases, Trace gases, Ozone Precursors Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, surface NO2, PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, CO2, CH4, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), surface SO2, HCHO, HOx

3 4. Others Actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, dry and wet deposition, pollen (key species)

Essential variables (list most essential, keep number < = ~10) are: aerosol mass, size distribution (or at least mass at 3 fraction sizes: 1, 2.5 and 10 micron), speciation and chemical composition, AOD at multiple wavelengths, water content, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction, profile ozone, surface ozone, surface NO2 , CO, surface SO2 , CO2

4. For each application area we identified important sub-application areas, and identified most important parameters to support them. This was used to help identify the priority and cross cutting parameters to focus RRR on.

Sub-application Areas: (need to make a table showing which variables cut across the sub application areas – also used in Excel requirements sheets – we can ask specific experts to finish this list – of key parameters – and others to complete sub-application areas – we want most important not all possible)

Forecasting  volcanic ash (SO2, vertical ht, AOD, optical properties  biomass burning smoke (PM trace gases (CO,O3, ..), BC absorption, AOD, pbl, …)  sand & dust (dust, AOD, depolarization, soil moisture,..  pollen  GHGs  air quality,  solar radiation (UV & energy) Monitoring  treaty/conventions (e.g., GHGs strat O3),  air quality (regulatory & health (global burden of disease),  ocean acidification,  crop & ecosystem services,  climate (radiative forcing,  trends including oxidizing capacity,  visibility,  emission constraint/updating,  water cycle including cryosphere  ,,,, Urban .. tbd

4 5. Priority variables were identified that cut across all application areas. These will be the list that we MUST define requirements for. Ideally we will over time establish requirements for more parameters.

Priority list:

Aerosol: PM2.5, PM10, BC, Dust, speciated, OA (including SOA), AOD, AAOD, wet deposition (speciated) GHGs: CO2, CH4, CFCs, HCFCs, N2O Reactive Gases: O3, SO2, NO2, CO, NH3, HCHO, Isoprene, VOCs (speciated), HOx Isotopes, water vapor Also: TOA and surface short/long rad, actinic flux, UV Others (which we may/will not set requirements for .., clouds, pbl, tropopause ht,

6. Observational Requirements:

At the 1st meeting the Task Team developed a strategy to begin the RRR process and to populate the OSCAR data base for the above applications. “The process will engage the SAGs and the SSC. The committee started the process of identifying the atmospheric composition and related parameters needed to support the applications and began to fill out an Excel table with user requirements that will be used to populate the OSCAR data base after evaluation by the SAGs. The SAGs will be asked to discuss the application areas, including the sorts of specific applications that are important within the overarching application, and the parameters needed for the applications (making suggestions for adding and/or removing parameters) and continue filling out the tables of user requirements for the parameters that fall in their domain.” An update of this process was discussed.

Reviewed inputs received since the 1st workshop. Inputs in terms of excel sheets came from John Ogren. Angele Benedetti, Sarah Wong and in text form from others. Greenhouse gases quite fully developed also.

Sander Houweling lead a discussion on updates on GHG requirements and issues with spreadsheet and entry. Issues included adding a row for horizontal domain; discussion of what uncertainty referred to in the table (of the observing system or of the observation itself to be used) , this included

5 whether to include bias or not, also the need to document/reference where requrirements came from.

7. Decisions:

1. Modify spread sheet, eliminate columns for bias, add comment columns for reference, for comments that will be included in SoG, a column for sub application areas for priority,…

2. OSCAR allows variable to be registered without filling in requirements. So the spreadsheet will include the comprehensive list of parameters, priority parameters will be identified by color (meaning these MUST be filled out).

3. Separate sheets focused on specific parameters will be sent to lead persons (aligned with SAGS). They will be responsible for filling out the requirements.. including getting input from a broad community). They will then sent to Greg, where all the sheets will be combined into one. This will be used to populate OSCAR

8. Actions needed and timeline:

1. Identify leads for all sheets (Greg + Sec. – end of Aug.)

2. Spread sheet updated, combined input received to date, and separate sheets sent out (Greg.. first week of Sept).

3. Spread sheets sent out and input gathered and returned (due back early NOV)

4. TTObsReq develop plan for SoG (due early NOV)

6 Appendix A. AGENDA

Workshop on the TT-ObsReq-2 12 – 13 August 2015 MeteoSwiss Zurich Airport Switzerland Meeting Goals

Meeting will be focused on: 1) prioritization of the important parameters to support the three finalized application areas; 2) identification of requirements for a set of priority variables that cut across application areas; 3) further development of the associated observation requirements; 4) discuss/review atmospheric composition requirements in other WMO application areas (e.g., ag, climate change); and 5) discussion of plan to review/refine Statements of Guidance (gap analyses).

Preliminary Agenda Wednesday, 12 August 2015

08.30 – 09.00 Registration

09.00 – 09.20 Welcome and logistics, introduction of participants (Oksana)

09.20 – 09.45 Objectives of workshop and updates (G. Carmichael)

09.45 – 10.30 Further Related Updates - GAW (Oksana) - WIGOS (Lars-Peter/Fuzzi) - Others?

10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break

11.00 – 12.00 Review of Application Areas (Carmichael)

7 Forecasting Atmospheric Composition (F)

- Review comprehensive parameter list

- Compile sub-applications list

- Identify most “essential” parameters

12.00 – 13.30 Lunch break

13.30 – 15.00 Review of Application Areas (continued)

Monitoring Atmospheric Composition (M) - Review comprehensive parameter list

15.30 – 16.00 Review of Application Areas (continued)

Providing Atmospheric Composition information to support services in urban and populated areas (U) - Review comprehensive parameter list

16.00 – 17.00 Discussion of combined most “essential” parameters and taking into consideration atmospheric composition parameters needed in other WMO application areas (e.g., ag, climate change);

17.00 – 17.30 Wrap-up of day 1 and organization of day 2 (Carmichael)

17.30 Adjourn

8 Thursday, 13 August 2015

09.00 – 09.30 Warm-up: what have we learnt so far?

09.30 – 10.30 Development of the associated observation requirements for the most “essential” parameters

11.00 – 12.30 Development of the associated observation requirements for the most “essential” parameters. Adaption of Excel template and follow-on assignments.

12:30 – 13.30 Discussion of Statement of Guidance (SOG). SOG provides an assessment of the adequacy of observations to fulfill requirements and suggests areas of progress towards improved use of space-based and surface-based observing systems. Topics to be discussed: what is needed, what are starting points, resources to draw upon, strategy moving forward.

13.30 Next steps and timelines

Close of workshop

9 Appendix B.

Participants Greg Carmichael, WMO EPAC SSC Sander Houweling, SRON, Netherlands (GHG SAG) Sandro Fuzzi, ISAC, CNR Richard Eckman, CEOS (NASA), USA Rosemary Munro, CGMS (EUMETSAT) Sarah Wong, Environment Canada Claus Zehner, ESA/ESRIN Casper Labuschagne, SAWS Hiroshi Koide, JMA Anatoly Tsvetkov, Roshydromet Dr. Ellsworth Judd Welton, NASA Gelsomina Pappalardo, CNR/IMAA Martin Schultz, FZ Jülich Jochen Dibbern, DWD Jörg Klausen, MeteoSwiss Kjetil Tørseth, NILU Julian Meyer-Arnek, DLR Keiichi Sato, ACAP, Japan (only on 12th August) Oksana Tarasova, WMO Silvina Carou, WMO Lars-Peter Riishojgaard, WMO