Risposte Alla Selezione Divergente Per La Germinabilità a Basse Temperature in Mais

Supplemental Table S1 ANOVA of the diallel scheme (8 × 8) for germination traits in controlled environment (germinator)

Sources of variation df Mean squares DG a G9.5 a G25 a

Parental lines (per se) 7 2477.6 ** 3667.9 ** 298.1 ** L b 3 150.0 ns 35.4 ns 327.1 ** H b 3 155.7 ns 456.3 * 118.2 ns L vs. H 1 16425.8 ** 24200.0 ** 750.8 **

Lines vs. Crosses 1 62.6 ns 2627.7 ** 1879.0 **

Crosses 55 2815.5 ** 3058.2 ** 371.6 **

GCA 7 16186.0 ** 18734.2 ** 701.5 ** L 3 2964.4 ** 969.1 ** 789.1 ** H 3 1002.9 ** 2368.8 ** 555.7 ** L vs. H 1 101400.0 ** 121126.0 ** 876.0 **

SCA 20 458.1 ** 532.9 ** 251.6 **

Reciprocal effects 28 1156.7 ** 943.1 ** 374.8 ** General reciprocal (maternal) 7 2482.3 ** 2104.1 ** 693.1 ** Specific reciprocal 21 714.8 ** 556.1 ** 268.7 **

Alternative analysis for crosses Among groups 3 37955.2 ** 42311.1 ** 710.8 ** L × L vs. H × H 1 101400.0 ** 121126.0 ** 876.0 ** L × H vs. H × L 1 12403.1 ** 5758.1 ** 1250.0 ** (L × L, H × H) vs. (L × H, H × L) 1 62.5 ns 29.2 ns 6.3 Ns

Within groups (overall) 52 788.2 ** 793.7 ** 352.0 **

Experimental error 189 199.9 154.4 45.5

*, ** significant at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively; ns not significant a DG = G9.5 - G25; G9.5, germination (%) at 9.5°C; G25, germination at 25°C b Parental lines selected for low (L) or high (H) DG Supplemental Table S2 Mean values of the eight parental lines (diagonal, in italics), of their 56 crosses and mean values of the seven crosses sharing the same female or male parent for germination traits in the germinator

Female Male parent (♂) a Mean parent (♀) a 2 7 11 14 104 106 110 111 (♀)

DG (%)

2 -62.5 -92.5 -90.0 -75.0 -77.5 -52.5 -82.5 -81.3 -78.8 7 -82.5 -75.0 -82.5 -71.3 -56.3 -51.3 -46.3 -48.8 -62.7 11 -75.0 -72.5 -70.0 -72.5 -18.8 -22.5 -47.5 -55.0 -52.0 14 -76.3 -80.0 -47.5 -62.5 -53.8 -53.8 -51.3 -45.0 -58.2

104 -28.8 -15.0 -17.5 -13.8 -13.8 -13.8 -10.0 0.0 -14.1 106 -31.3 -36.3 -52.5 -35.0 8.8 -27.5 -15.0 -11.3 -24.6 110 -60.0 -38.8 -18.8 -43.8 -35.0 -1.3 -21.3 -3.8 -28.8 111 -21.3 -42.5 -33.8 -40.0 -12.5 -27.5 -16.3 -26.3 -27.7

Mean (♂) -53.6 -53.9 -48.9 -50.2 -35.0 -31.8 -38.4 -35.0 -43.3

G9.5 (%)

2 0.0 0.0 1.3 6.3 15.0 38.8 13.8 7.5 11.8 7 6.3 6.3 7.5 11.3 33.8 40.0 42.5 45.0 26.6 11 8.8 3.8 5.0 2.5 56.3 58.8 32.5 22.5 26.4 14 1.3 0.0 3.8 1.3 31.3 35.0 25.0 45.0 20.2

104 67.5 60.0 80.0 80.0 71.3 72.5 87.5 95.0 77.5 106 46.3 22.5 41.3 35.0 96.3 53.8 73.8 66.3 54.5 110 28.8 50.0 63.8 37.5 47.5 86.3 61.3 77.5 55.9 111 42.5 37.5 32.5 32.5 73.8 63.8 65.0 46.3 49.6

Mean (♂) 28.8 24.8 32.9 29.3 50.5 56.4 48.6 51.3 40.3

G25 (%)

2 62.5 92.5 91.3 81.3 92.5 91.3 96.3 88.8 90.5 7 88.8 81.3 90.0 82.5 90.0 91.3 88.8 93.8 89.3 11 83.8 76.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 81.3 80.0 77.5 78.4 14 77.5 80.0 51.3 63.8 85.0 88.8 76.3 90.0 78.4

104 96.3 75.0 97.5 93.8 85.0 86.3 97.5 95.0 91.6 106 77.5 58.8 93.8 70.0 87.5 81.3 88.8 77.5 79.1 110 88.8 88.8 82.5 81.3 82.5 87.5 82.5 81.3 84.6 111 63.8 80.0 66.3 72.5 86.3 91.3 81.3 72.5 77.3 Mean (♂) 82.3 78.8 81.8 79.5 85.5 88.2 87.0 86.3 83.7 a The first four parental lines (identified by number 2-14) belong to L group and the other four parental lines (identified by number 104-111) belong to H group. Supplemental Table S3 General combining ability effects (gi) and maternal effects (mi) of parental lines for germination traits

Parent DG G9.5 G25 gi mi gi mi gi mi

2 -26.6 -11.0 -23.4 -7.4 3.2 3.6 7 -17.4 -3.8 -17.0 0.8 0.4 4.6 11 -8.3 -1.3 -12.4 -2.8 -4.2 -1.5 14 -12.7 -3.5 -18.2 -4.0 -5.5 -0.5

104 21.9 9.1 27.7 11.8 5.7 2.7 106 17.7 3.1 17.7 -0.9 0.0 -4.0 110 11.4 4.2 13.9 3.2 2.5 -1.0 111 14.0 3.2 11.8 -0.7 -2.2 -3.9

LSD (P 0.05) 5.7 4.9 5.0 4.3 2.7 2.4