MIDTERM #1 Study Guide

Anthropology 1 Professor Debbie Klein Spring 2006

Exam Details: Your exam will consist of 40 multiple choice (1 point each) and 6 short answers (10 points each) for a total of 100 points. It will cover material from Park Chs. 1-6, lectures, homework assignments, and 4 films (Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, Accidents of Creation, The Evolutionary Arms Race, and Great Transformations).

Identify the following as succinctly as possible. Give an example where appropriate.

Charles Darwin Jean Baptiste Lamarck Magnambougou Tetrapod Cholera Katherine Dettwyler Hawaiian Silver Sword Burgess Shale Kwashiorkor Nene Prosimians Grande Marché Culture Shock Brazilian leaf-cutter ant Moussa Schistosomiasis The Grants’ finches Dogo Bakary Traore Sickle Cell Anemia AMIPJ Kwashiorkor Georges Cuvier Uniformitarianism Malaria Trisomy 21 Stratigraphy Scientific Method DNA Evolution Thomas Malthus Punctuated Equilibrium Allele The Beagle Meiosis Cell Alfred Wallace Mitosis Catastrophism Blending Inheritance Darwinian Gradualism Adaptive Radiation Garden Peas Speciation Comte Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon Chromosomes Reverend John Ray Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms Genes Darwin’s finches Mutation Gametes Tetrapod Charles Lyell Genotype Scientific Creationism Natural Selection Phenotype Gregor Mendel Carolus Linnaeus Law of Segregation Gene Flow Essentialism Intelligent Design Cambrian Explosion Genetic Drift Species Great Chain of Being Sample Short Answers: Please answer the following as succinctly as possible. Be sure to answer ALL parts of each question.

1. Why was the idea of Evolution so revolutionary in Western Europe in the 1800s? 2. What tentative explanation did the video, Accidents of Creation, give for the difference in relative brain size between humans and chimpanzees? 3. Briefly describe the 5 major subfields within Anthropology. 4. Explain why "scientific" creationism is considered a pseudoscience. Do you agree? 5. Suppose 2 people who are both heterozygous for the taster trait produce offspring. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring? In what proportions will they be produced? 6. What important observations provided Darwin with clues in deriving his explanation for biological evolution? 7. How did the activities of the "natural scientists" differ from those of their predecessors? 8. If natural selection is so good at maintaining and even improving a species' adaptation, why then do species become extinct? 9. How do whales swim, and what does this tell us about whale evolution? 10. What happened when Walter Gehring replaced a fly’s gene for eyes (eyeless gene) with a mouse gene for eyes? What does this suggest? 11. What is our relationship to modern chimpanzees? 12. Describe Darwin's mechanism for evolution by telling how it differed from Lamarck's. 13. A woman who is blood type B gives birth to a child who is type O. She has accused a type A man of being the father. Is he? Explain your reasoning. 14. What is the significance of the relationship between the poisonous newt and the common garter snake in Western Oregon? 15. If microbes may be important for our immune systems to deal with our environment, why do humans do anything to kill microbes? 16. Are mass extinctions a thing of the past? 17. Can we see evolution in action? If so, give an example. 18. Are humans still evolving? 19. Define and give an example of each: therapeutic cloning, reproductive cloning. 20. Is evolution a fact, theory, or a hypothesis? Explain. 21. What role do greetings play in Bambara culture? 22. What attempts did Katherine Dettwyler make to help Daouda, the mentally challenged child? Why did she eventually give up? 23. Why did Katherine Dettwyler collect urine and fecal samples? Why did she take the samples to the Veterinary Laboratory for analysis? 24. Why was Moussa so ethnocentric about the rural people of his own country? 25. What did the Dogo chief mean by “children who never grow up”? What happens to them?