Additional File 7: Critical appraisal scores

Project Project Name Citation Clear and Methodology Data consistent Sample size Sampling frame Confounding Overall score Number repeatable relevant with appropriate specified factors methodology methodology accounted for 1 Mucuna-maize Eastmond, A. & Faust, B. (2008) 1 1 1 1 1 0 cropping project, Farmers, fires, and forests: a green Sahcaba alternative to shifting cultivation for (no formal project conservation of the Maya forest? name given) Landscape and Urban Planning: 74: 267-284. 2 Pro Manejo (The (1) Bauch, S.C., Sills, E.O. & 1 1 1 1 1 1 Amazon Pattanayak, S.K. (2014) Have we Sustainable Forest managed to integrate conservation Management and development? ICDP impacts in Support Project) the Brazilian Amazon. World Development: 64: S135-S148. 2 Pro Manejo (The (2) Weber, J.G., Sills, E.O., Bauch, S. & 1 1 1 1 1 1 Amazon Pattanayak, S.K. (2011) Do ICDPs Sustainable Forest work? An empirical evaluation of Management forest-based microenterprises in the Support Project) Brazilian Amazon. Land economics: 87: 661-681. 3 Introduction of Nautiyal, S. (2011) Can conservation 0 1 1 1 1 0 Liquid Petroleum and development interventions in Gas (LPG), the the Indian Central Himalaya ensure Himalayas (no environmental sustainability? A formal project socioecological evaluation. name given) Sustainability Science: 6: 151-167. 4 Eco-Escuela de Langholz, J. (1999) Exploring the 1 1 1 1 1 1 Espanol Effects of Alternative Income Opportunities on Rainforest Use: Insights from Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve. Society & Natural Resources: 12: 139-149. 5 Management of Mijanur Rahman, Md. And Begum A. 0 1 1 1 0 0 Aquatic Systems (2011) Implication of livelihood through diversification on wetland resources Community conservation: A case from Husbandry Bangladesh. Journal of Wetlands (MACH) Ecology: 5: 59-65. 6 The Amani (1) Morgan-Brown, T., Jaconson, S.K., 1 1 1 1 1 1 Butterfly Farming Wald, K., & Childs, B. (2010) Project Quantitative assessment of a Tanzanian integrated conservation and development project involving butterfly farming. Conservation Biology: 24: 563-572. 6 The Amani (2) Engh, V. (2011) Integrated 1 1 1 1 0 0 Butterfly Farming Conservation and Development Project Projects and Efforts Around the Amani Nature Reserve Tanzania, and their effects on livelihoods and forest conservation. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 7 The Tanga Small 2) Engh, V. (2011) Integrated 1 1 1 1 0 0 Scale Dairy Conservation and Development Project Projects and Efforts Around the Amani Nature Reserve Tanzania, and their effects on livelihoods and forest conservation. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 8 Novella Africa 2) Engh, V. (2011) Integrated 1 1 1 1 0 0 partnership Conservation and Development Projects and Efforts Around the Amani Nature Reserve Tanzania, and their effects on livelihoods and forest conservation. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 9 Posada Amazonas Stronza, A. (2007) The economic 1 1 1 1 0 0 Ecotourism Lodge promise of ecotourism for conservation. Journal of Ecotourism: 6:210-221. 10 Caohai Nature Herrold-Menzies, M. (2006) 1 1 1 1 0 0 Reserve and Integrating conservation and Community development: What we can learn Development From Caohai, China. The Journal of Environment and Development: 15:382-406. 11 Iboih Makmur Novriyanto., Wibowo, J.T., Iskander, 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cooperative (no W., Campbell-Smith, G. & Linkie, M. formal project (2012) Linking coastal community name given) livelihoods to marine conservation in Aceh, Indonesia: Oryx: 46: 508- 515. 12 Pesca Artesanal Schuhbauer, A. & Koch, V. (2013) 1 1 1 1 0 0 Vivencial (PAV) Assessment of recreational fishery in Galapagos Marine the Galapagos Marine Reserve: Reserve (GMR) Failures and opportunities. Fisheries Research: 144: 103-110 13 Cham Island MPA Brown, L. Marine protected areas, 1 1 1 0 0 0 (no formal project co-management and livelihoods: name given) Coastal change in Vietnam. University of Sydney 14 Fuel Efficient Musakhe, M.Y.J., Abdul; Tareen, R. B.; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Excluded Stoves (FES) in Bazai, Z. A. (2007) An evaluation the Juniper forests study of impact of fuel efficient stove of Balochistan on Juniper (Juniperus excelsa) Tract, Balochistan. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology: 4: 51-55 15 Pride Campaign DeWan, A., Green, K., Li, X., & Hayden, 1 1 1 1 0 1 (no formal project D. (2013) Using social marketing name given) tools to increase fuel-efficient stove adoption for conservation of the golden snub-nosed monkey, Gansu Province, China. Conservation Evidence: 2013: 32-36. 16 Seaweed farming, Hill, N,A.O., Rowcliffe, J.M., Koldeway, 1 1 1 1 1 1 Philippines (no H.J., & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2011) formal project The interaction between seaweed name provided) farming an alternative occupation and fisher numbers in the central Philippines. Conservation Biology: 26 (2): 324-334. 17 Sasan Gir National Varma, K. (2009) The Asiatic Lion 1 1 1 0 0 0 Park and and the Maldharis of Gir Forest: An Sanctuary - India assessment of an Indian Eco- Eco-Development Development. The Journal of Project Environment and Development: 18: 154-175. 18 Tres Reyes Parrot Martinez-Reyes, J.E. (2014) Beyond 1 1 1 1 0 0 Project Nature Appropriation: Towards (no formal project post-development conservation in name given) the Maya Forest. Conservation & Society. 12: 2. 19 Tres Reyes Martinez-Reyes, J.E. (2014) Beyond 1 1 1 0 0 0 Butterfly Project Nature Appropriation: Towards (no formal project post-development conservation in name given) the Maya Forest. Conservation & Society. 12: 2. 20 Coral Reef Brock, A. (2013) Beyond fishing? The 1 1 1 1 0 0 Rehablitation and impact of microcredit on alternative Management livelihoods in South Sulawesi, Program Indonesia. Nicholas School of the Environment of Duke University. 21 Integrated Blomley, T., Namara, A., McNeilage, 1 1 1 1 0 0 Conservation and A., Franks, P., Rainer, H., Donaldson, Development at A., Malpas, R., Olupot, W., Baker, J., Bwindi Sandbrook, C., Bitariho, R. and Impenetrable and Infield, M. (2010) Development and Mgahinga Gorilla gorillas? Assessing fifteen years of National Parks integrated conservation and development in south-western Uganda. Natural Resources Issues No. 23. International Institute for Environment and Development. 22 Betel leaf and nut Islam, Md.J. and Nath, T.N. (2014) 1 1 1 1 1 0 farming of the Forest-based betel leaf and betel nut Khasia indigenous farming of the Khasia indigenous People in People in Bangladesh: approach to Bangladesh (no biodiversity conservation in formal project Lawachara National Park (LNP). name given) Journal of Forestry Research: 25: 419-427.