Scheme of Work s2

GCSE ICT Scheme of Work

GCSE MUSIC

AREAS OF STUDY AND TERMINOLOGY

1 GCSE ICT Scheme of Work AOS 2 SHARED MUSIC

Features / Areas – These are a few key points, NOT A Key name COMPLETE LIST – you will need to revise the full details in your notes / revision guides to be prepared for the exam (example)

Musical Periods Baroque, 1600-1750, Bach and their features Classical, 1750-1820, Mozart

Romantic, 1820-1900, Tchaikovsky Modern. 1900- Stravinksy

Romantic Song Liede, composers, structures (strophic / through compose) key themes Schubert

Pop Ballads Expressive, slow tempo, melisma, rubato, slow harmonic change Whitney Builds in intensity Houston

Elton John

The Classical Three movements, sonata form 1st , slow movement 2nd, rondo 3rd. Haydn, Concerto Cadenza sections to show virtuosity. Mozart

Jazz Syncopation, swing rhythms, walking bass, scat singing, 12 bar blues Louis Much use of improvisation Armstrong

Duke Ellington

Indian Classical Sitar, Tanpura, Tabla, Ravi Shankar Raga scale melodies, drones, tala rhythms Structure – Alap (slow) Gat (table plays), Jhalla (faster)

Gamelan Java / Bali (Indonesian Islands) Heterophonic (different versions of the same melody) Gongs, Metallaphones (saron), drum Pelog and Slendro scales. Musical Changes signalled by drummer / on the sound of the gong Baroque and Solo sonata, trio sonata (baroque) continuo part on harpsichord See above classical chamber String quartet, Wind Quintet (classical) music

Great Choral SATB choirs, with orchestra, different textures (homophonic / Handel Classics polyphonic), word painting, syllabic and melismatic Aria and Recitative Verdi

African A Cappella No instruments. South Africa mainly, learnt from memory Ladysmith Call and response black Repetitive melodies mambazo Homophony Flexible changing rhythms Unusual vocal sounds (clicking, wavering sounds, ululations etc)

2 GCSE ICT Scheme of Work AoS 3 Dance Music -

Features / Areas – These are a few key points, NOT A COMPLETE LIST – you will need to revise the full details in your notes / revision guides to be prepared for the exam Waltz Vienna Austria ¾ um cha cha , binary structures, orchestral, Johann Paired dance in ballroom hold, repeated 3 step sequence Strauss

Tango Argentina 2/4 time, habanera rhythm, staccato, chromatic, Piazolla bandoneon (accordion), violin piano double bass . electro tango – using electronic elements Paired dance, close embrace, fast steps / walk / intricate leg movements

Salsa Latin America / Cuba – 4/4 time, lots of syncopation / off beats. Tito Puente Clave rhythms (2:3 or 3:2). Spanish lyrics, melodies in harmony Verses and chorus , call and response Paired dance –loose hold, with back and forward / side to side steps, spins and turns can be added American Line 1980s America –group dance to a set choreography Johnny Cash Country and western music Steady 4/4 beat Irish Jig and reel Jig in 6/8 9/8 or 12/8 time Traditional Reel in 2/4 or 4/4 time melodies Body remains straight, no arm movement, fast energetic footwork, kicks passed down and jumps. Fiddle, tin whistle, bodrhan drum, flute, Bhangra Punjab region, Chaal rhythm played on dhol, fast round 140-180bpm Ornamented vocal melodies modern bhangra fused this with UK popular styles group dance (usually in a circle) farming actions, acrobatic stunts, hitting sticks, Disco 4/4 steady tempo round 120 bpm Beegees 4 to the floor Gloria Gaynor “Hook” catchy melody that repeats Verses chorus, middle 8 etc. Improvised individual dance moves, much hand hip and shoulder movement Club Dance Usually fast, uses techniology (see below) Numerous Acid house, techno, drum ‘n bass, garage, trance etc genres Improvised dance moves

Uses of Synthesiser, drum machine, mixing desk, sequencer, multitracking, Technology overdubbing, amplification, sampler, sampling, scratching, DJ, decks, looping, groove, panning MIDI, computer Digital effects, (FX), reverb, echo, distortion, attack, delay Vocoder, quantising Remix, collage, overlay.

3 GCSE ICT Scheme of Work AOS 4 – film and descriptive music

hints and tips

Things to learn Be familiar with the entire orchestra and what each instrument / family of instruments sounds like.

Features to You need to be able to explain how the music tells a story / sets listen out for a scene by referring to the following aspects Berlioz Tempo Sibelius Melody (ascending / descending / steps /leaps/ (orchestral) Harmony (major /minor/ modal /atonal)

Rhythm / time signature John Dynamics Williams Use of instruments Hans Use of voices Zimmer

Uses of technology Film) Texture

LANGUAGE AND VOCAB

There is a lot of terminology for GGSE music – here is a list of words and concepts.

After detailed and thorough revision you should be familiar with much of this list, (even if you are not right now!)

Notation Note lengths and rests from semibreve to semiquaver including dotted notes and triplets

Pitch names and their places on the treble clef from GI to CII Stave, score

Treble and bass clefs

Bar and double bar lines, repeat marks

Key signatures and keys up to at least three sharps and flats

Time signatures: simple duple, triple, quadruple, and compound duple

4 GCSE ICT Scheme of Work Sharp, flat, natural Phrase marks, tie Ornaments, decoration and their signs: trill, turn, mordent, acciaccatura, grace note.

Anacrusis/up-beat Rhythm Off-beat/syncopation, dotted Metre/pulse Rest/silence Cross-rhythm, polyrhythm Swung/swing rhythm Tala (Indian) Keteg, gongan (Gamelan) Son, clave (Salsa) Chaal (Bhangra).

Stepwise, scalic, passing note, leap Melody / Pitch Intervals; unison, 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th, octave, tone, semitone Scales: Major, minor, chromatic, blue scale, Raga (Indian) Slendro, pelog (Gamelan) Range Bend/slide/glissando.

Diatonic, dissonant, atonal, chromatic Harmony Chords: major, minor, seventh, tonic, sub-dominant, dominant, blue note Cadences: perfect, imperfect, plagal, interrupted Block chords/chordal, arpeggio/broken chord, triad, comping Primary triads, simple harmony, harmonic progression, harmonic rhythm Modulation: tonic, sub-dominant, dominant, relative minor, relative major Drone 12 bar blues.

Tempo Largo, andante, moderato, allegro, vivace, presto relevant BPMs Accelerando Rallentando/ritenuto Allargando Rubato Pause.

ff to pp (including Italian names), crescendo and diminuendo in words and symbols. Dynamics Staccato, tongued, legato/slurred Articulation Pizzicato, arco Tremolo Accent/sforzando.

5 GCSE ICT Scheme of Work Standard orchestral instruments and their families Piano Instruments Continuo – harpsichord, organ, cello Orchestra, brass band, wind band, wind quintet, string orchestra, string quartet, duet, trio, jazz group Electronic and pop instruments Basic instruments that relate to: Jazz, Indian Classical Music, Gamelan, Salsa, Tango, Bhangra, American folk and Irish folk.

soprano, mezzo soprano, alto/contralto, tenor, baritone, bass, Voice / timbres treble, counter-tenor A cappella Syllabic, melismatic Solo, lead singer, backing vocals, chorus/choir Scat Word painting Sonero and choro (Salsa).

Melodic/ Repetition, sequence, imitation, ostinato Inversion, retrograde Compositional Riff Improvisation/improvised Dialogue, question and answer phrases, call and response, Devices pregon and choro (Salsa) Walking bass Fills, stabs Hook.

Solo, monophonic, thick, thin Texture Homophonic/chordal Polyphonic, contrapuntal, counterpoint Unison, parallel motion, contrary motion Counter melody, descant, obbligato Melody and accompaniment Heterophony (Gamelan).

Structure Binary, ternary, rondo, variation Strophic, through composed Ground bass Round, canon, fugue Introduction, coda, bridge, tag Cadenza Verse and chorus Instrumental break, middle eight Basic, restart, wall (American line dance). Concerto, symphony, sonata, oratorio Chamber Music – string quartet, wind quintet, concerto grosso