U.S. Adoption of High-Efficiency Motors and Drives: Lessons Learned A Historical and Value Chain Perspective February 25, 2010 Marcy Lowe, Ruggero Golini,1 and Gary Gereffi Contributing CGGC researchers: Ghada Ahmed and Saori Tokuoka This research was sponsored by the Corporate Partnerships Program of the Environmental Defense Fund and prepared by CGGC. We would like to thank Andrew Hutson and Terry Foecke for their comments on previous drafts of this report. Many thanks also to Kitt Butler, Gene Eckhart and Robert Boteler for providing expert review of early drafts. Errors of fact or interpretation remain exclusively with the authors. We welcome comments and suggestions. The lead author can be contacted at
[email protected]. © February 2010. Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University Photo Permission: Cover photo from Toshiba, January 25, 2010. 1. Università degli Studi di Bergamo Department of Economics and Technology Management Viale Marconi 5 24044 Dalmine (BG), Italy List of Abbreviations AAEMM American Association of Electric Motor Manufacturers AC Alternating current ACEEE American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy AMES Associated Manufacturers of Electrical Supplies ASD Adjustable Speed Drive CEE Consortium for Energy Efficiency CO2 Carbon Dioxide DC Direct current DOE U.S. Department of Energy DSM Demand Side Management EISA Energy Independence and Security Act EPCA or EPAct Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1992 HP Horsepower HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning HZ Hertz IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers ITP Industrial Technologies Program kWh Kilowatt hour NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NIST U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology U.S.