RESEARCH REPORT 2015 The Southern Institute of Technology Research Report for 2015 is published by Southern Institute of Technology.

July 2015

Editors Dr Sally Bodkin-Allen and Dr Jo Whittle

Design and Photography Elana Bai

Front cover image Rachel Mann

Printing SIT Printery

Contact details Dr Sally Bodkin-Allen Research Manager

Southern Institute of Technology [email protected]

0800 4 0 FEES (0800 4 0 3337) www.sit.ac.nz

Southern Institute of Technology Private Bag 90114 133 Tay Street Invercargill Contact 3 INTRODUCTION

I am pleased to present the Southern Institute of Technology Staff Research Report for 2015. There has been a considerable increase in staff research activity this year, and the report celebrates the diversity and quality of that activity. I congratulate all staff on Penny Simmonds the calibre, variety and reach of their research and Chief Executive scholarly activities in the past year. Southern Institute of Technology

The research carried out by tertiary Nurse educators are carrying out Papers delivered by Dr Dax Roberts teachers inspires a spirit of critical a range of inquiries to support and John Mumford of the School of inquiry and adds new knowledge to innovative teaching and learning Computing received commendations their own fields of study as well as approaches notably in the areas of at the CITRENZ 2015 conference in to the wider community. Research clinical supervision, simulation as a Queenstown, while environmental underpins teaching and learning learning tool and the experiences of management tutor Anna Palliser’s on higher level qualifications and overseas nurse educators, while Lucy paper in the field of natural helps ensure that teaching staff are Prinsloo was invited to join a panel resource management was the current in their fields of expertise. of national experts at the Enrolled only New Zealand contribution at a Staff engaged in research bring Nurse Conference in Wellington in major social science conference in their subject expertise and critical June. Applied teaching practice was Amsterdam. Doug Heath reported thinking skills to their teaching, and also the focus of research in the on Southland/Murihiku Metal at the inspire and motivate their students’ School of Business and in the School Modern Heavy Metal conference in interest in their own studies. As of Computing. Finland, while Sally Bodkin-Allen the examples featured in this report The annual Staff Research spoke about the music department’s clearly demonstrate, our staff have Symposium was held in November, ‘Mix-Up Week’ at the Australian New a passion for research in their featuring an interesting and varied Zealand Association for Research diverse fields of expertise, and also agenda of research from staff from in Music Conference in Melbourne. for research that enhances teaching multiple schools. Audience members Staff presented at the Australasian practice. voted for their favourite presentations Nurse Educators Conference and The report highlights a strong on the day with the ‘People’s Choice the Music Educators Conference, body of research related to the Award’ in 2015 awarded to Andrea both in Auckland, the Massage New creative arts including poetry, digital Knowler from the School of Nursing Zealand Conference in Tauranga, the animation, sculpture, photography for her presentation on “Mask- annual conference of the Costume and painting, and also in the areas of Ed, Pup-Ed and simulators down and Textile Association in Dunedin fashion and the future of museums. under”. There is more information and the New Zealand College of Contemporary music is also well in this report about the innovative Mental Health Nurses Conference in represented with research into research being carried out by Wellington. the Southland Metal scene, the Andrea and her colleagues. Staff I hope you enjoy reading about the creation of original compositions and also published research findings diverse research activity featured publications in the area of developing in collaboration with their students here. Once again congratulations singing confidence. in a special edition of the Southern to staff and I look forward to the Research in the field of environmental Institute of Technology Journal of continued development of research management continues to Applied Research. This publication capacity at Southern Institute of strengthen, drawing on expertise demonstrates the high calibre of Technology into the future. in chemical analysis, geological student research supported by their research, social and environmental supervisors, and reflects student science and water quality testing. appreciation of the opportunity to In another field, veterinary nursing carry out substantial projects during tutor Sheila Ramsay was a key figure their undergraduate degrees. in research into the genetic markers The Southern Institute of Technology for hoof wall disease in Connemara Research Fund was highly contested ponies, and her experience with in 2015. This fund is used by staff to the effects of this condition led to support their research projects. The her contribution to an important fund also enabled staff to present Penny Simmonds research paper on this subject. their research at national and Chief Executive international conferences in 2015. Southern Institute of Technology

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 4

CONTENTS

3 INTRODUCTION 20 GENETIC RESEARCH INTO THE CAUSE OF HOOF WALL 4 CONTENTS SEPARATION DISEASE IN CONNEMARA PONIES – Sheila Ramsay, School of Veterinary Nursing 6 INVESTIGATING COLLABORATION and Animal Care PRACTICES BY POLYTECHNICS AND INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY 22 CONTEXTUALISING LEARNING: 7 SIT RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2015 PERSPECTIVES ON TEACHING NUMBERS SYSTEMS TO FIRST- COMPOSITING A LOCAL, CROWD- YEAR IT STUDENTS 8 – John Mumford, School of Computing SOURCED MUSEUM – Kathryn McCully, School of Visual and Screen Arts 24 ARE NEW ZEALAND BUSINESSES ADEQUATELY PROTECTING 10 MYTHS: POETRY, PAINTING AND THEMSELVES AGAINST REPAINTING CYBERCRIME? – Peter Belton, School of Screen and Visual Arts – Dax Roberts, School of Computing

TALE ENDERS: A LOCALLY SET 12 26 A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT IN ANIMATED SERIES TEACHING DOUBLE-ENTRY – Rachel Mann, School of Visual and Screen Arts BOOKKEEPING – Frederico Botafogo, School of Business 14 ISLANDS – Kevin Miles, School of Visual and Screen Arts 28 THE FABRIC OF IDENTITY: EXPLORING ISOLATION, 16 THE SUBJECT IS IN HER HOUSE: INFLUENCE AND IDENTITY PERFORMING THE DISCIPLINING THROUGH GARMENT DESIGN AND BODY CONSTRUCTION - Ruth Myers, School of Visual and Screen Arts – Emma Cathcart, School of Fashion

18 INVERSCAPE: THE CELEBRATION 30 UPDATING MASSAGE THERAPY OF AN ARTISTIC FRIENDSHIP RESEARCH – David Woolley, School of Visual and Screen – Jo Smith, New Zealand Massage Therapy Arts Research Centre

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 5

32 WHERE TO FROM HERE FOR THE 44 BUILDING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY MASSAGE THERAPY INDUSTRY IN FOR NATURAL RESOURCE NEW ZEALAND? MANAGEMENT IN NEW ZEALAND – Donna Smith, New Zealand Massage Therapy – Anna Palliser, Centre for Research Excellence Research Centre in Environmental Management

46 A COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS: 34 MURIHIKU METAL – Doug Heath, School of Contemporary Music THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF and Audio Production FAILING NURSE STUDENTS – Sally Dobbs, School of Nursing

36 SHARING THE MUSIC ENROLLED NURSING IN NEW – Sally Bodkin-Allen, School of Contemporary 48 Music and Audio Production ZEALAND: WHAT’S IN A NAME? – Lucy Prinsloo, School of Nursing

SONGWRITING, HERE, THERE AND 38 50 MASK-ED™, AUTOETHNOGRAPHY EVERYWHERE – Jason Sagmyr, School of Contemporary Music AND TEACHING and Audio Production – Johanna Rhodes, Andrea Knowler, Murray Strathearn, Karyn Madden and Mary McMillan, School of Nursing 40 COLD, CLEAR AND PRECIOUS: MONITORING THE WATER QUALITY 52 EXPERIENCES OF OVERSEAS OF COLD WATER SPRINGS NEAR NURSE EDUCATORS THE MARAROA RIVER, SOUTHLAND – Reen Skaria, School of Nursing – Erine van Niekerk, Centre for Research Excellence in Environmental Management 54 THE PHYSICAL HEALTH OF PEOPLE 42 SIT’S CHEMISTRY DETECTIVE: WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES USING SCIENCE TO EXPLORE THE – Debora Anderson, School of Nursing MYSTERIES OF GEOCHRONOLOGY AND THE ENGLISH PORCELAIN 55 STAFF RESEARCH OUTPUTS INDUSTRY 2015 – Ross Ramsay, Centre for Research Excellence in Environmental Management

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 6 Sally Bodkin-Allen, Jerry Hoffman and Jo Whittle Southern Institute of Technology Research Institute Academic Support Unit INVESTIGATING COLLABORATION PRACTICES BY POLYTECHNICS AND INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY Collaborative ways of working are regarded as beneficial for the tertiary sector, and the government expects Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (ITPs) to work with each other and with other key stakeholders. This year saw the completion of a major research project examining how some of New Zealand’s regional ITPs collaborate to enhance teaching and learning, share knowledge and increase efficiency.

The ITP Sector Collaboration collaborative projects carried out arrangements including an Practices Project was a joint by participating ITPs,” Sally adds. increased public profile and status research project by NZITP and “Our aim with the vignettes was to for the ITP, increased levels of Southern Institute of Technology. provide a useful set of successful trust and understanding among The key purpose of the project was collaborative examples that partner organisations, and shared to evaluate what made for successful highlighted the range of different knowledge and skills. According to collaborations that brought mutual types of partners involved.” Jo: “the ITPs involved in this study benefits to partners, with a particular As Jerry explains, defining the term placed a high value on seeking focus on relationships between ‘collaboration’ was a challenge for and supporting collaborative ITPs. It explored the ways in which the researchers. “There are multiple relationships, in particular those ITPs collaborate with each-other, definitions in the literature ranging they believed would contribute to as well as with other stakeholders, from very narrow to sweepingly enhancing student success. The to enhance the quality of teaching broad,” he says. “For the purposes staff were enthusiastic about the and learning, share knowledge and of our project we determined that a projects they had been involved in, stimulate creativity, and increase ‘collaboration’ had to be mutually and clearly believed that the benefits efficiency in the use of resources. beneficial for all partners involved justify the time and resources needed Research Institute staff members Dr and to be aimed at achieving a to establish and sustain collaborative Sally Bodkin-Allen and Dr Jo Whittle common goal or shared purpose. It relationships.” Collaborations were worked with Learning Support also needed to involve the sharing based on a drive to achieve mutual Officer Dr Jerry Hoffman to carry out of resources and joint decision- benefits and to grow social and the research project. making and to rely on collective economic capacity. “Importantly, “Collaboration with external responsibility.” Jerry further expands students are consistently viewed as stakeholders is an integral part of this definition in his description of the key stakeholders in collaborative the way that ITPs do business,” says ‘deep’ collaborations: fully embedded projects that ITPs are engaged in, Sally, who led the project. “People and long term inter-organisational even when they are not directly working in these institutes have a partnerships between an ITP and involved in these projects,” adds Jo. great deal of collective experience external partners that usually involve Participants indicated that students about what makes for successful the development of a new entity benefited from collaborative collaboration, and our objective with a common mission and goals relationships by enhanced teaching with this project was to understand that are unique to that partnership. and learning opportunities and and share those experiences.” “These deep collaborations are through engagement with potential The report combined data from mutually beneficial processes in employers and wider communities. questionnaires and interviews that each organisation enhances the “We are very grateful to all those ITP involving a wide variety of staff in capacity of partner organisations staff who participated in the research academic, support and management to achieve a common purpose,” he and who generously contributed their roles at nine ITPs around New says. “They allow for the full sharing time and expertise,” asserts Sally. Zealand. It offered lessons for what of responsibilities and rewards and “The report draws heavily on their makes collaborations successful, are well suited to tackling complex contributions and their combined how to manage collaborative and interdependent issues that no knowledge and experiences.” The processes, and how to avoid some single organisation can resolve.” final report has been featured on of the common challenges. “The The final report identifies the benefits the website of the Ako Aotearoa findings are supported by a number of participating in collaborative National Centre for Tertiary Teaching of vignettes that showcase individual Excellence.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Sally Bodkin-Allen Jo Whittle 7 SIT Research Institute SIT Research Institute [email protected] [email protected] SIT RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2015 On 30 November 2015 teaching staff at SIT presented their research at the annual Staff Research Symposium. In an interesting and varied agenda, 12 staff shared their findings with their colleagues.

Dr Jo Whittle (left) and Dr Sally Bodkin-Allen

“This is an important annual event experimental research in the areas says. The award went to Andrea at SIT offering a great opportunity of sports and exercise, a discussion Knowler from the School of Nursing for staff to share their research with of autoethnographical research with her presentation “Mask-Ed, their colleagues,” says Research methodology being used by staff Pup-Ed, and Simulators Down Manager Dr Sally Bodkin-Allen. teaching through innovative nursing Under: An Autoethnographic Study”. “There were a fascinating range of education based on simulation, and Andrea and a group of nursing tutors projects presented, by staff from analyses of issues as diverse as implemented masks this year to three faculties – Health, Humanities corporate governance, conservation create a more realistic learning and Computing, New Media Arts management of dolphins, hydro- environment for their students. As and Business and SIT2LRN – and electricity and cybercrime. The Andrea explains, the tutors who wear there were plenty of opportunities for audience was able to view original the masks have each developed their discussion.” screen productions, to learn about own characters. Each character has Staff are able to draw on the results heavy metal music in Southland a medical background, therefore of their research in their teaching and to share the findings of a study the ‘banter’ between patient and and to ensure that they keep abreast of student withdrawals from online student is of a useful nature. “As of new ideas in their fields. The foundation studies. ‘experts’ we can direct what we want symposium provides an opportunity At the end of the day audience students to learn,” she says. “We for staff to hear about a wide range of members voted for the ‘People’s spend a lot of time developing these research findings and also to share Choice Award’ for their favourite characters, with a commitment to work in progress with an engaged presentation. “Once again the voting being authentic, and we are using and supportive audience. was very close, reflecting the quality scenarios we know the students will see out there in a real medical The agenda this year included of research and the effort people had environment.” the presentation of results from put into their presentations,” Sally

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 8 Kathryn McCully School of Visual and Screen Arts Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

COMPOSITING A LOCAL, CROWD-SOURCED MUSEUM

Recent research by Kathryn McCully has explored the revolutionary concept of the DIY public museum. She raises the challenge of the democratization of the public museum experience by which the citizens of a city are transformed into performers in the composition of their own stories.

Kathryn is an artist, and she is a tutor and programme manager in the School of Visual and Screen Arts. She has a Master of Fine Arts from the Otago Polytechnic School of Art and brings her considerable experience in art practice to her teaching and research. Kathryn is passionate about the democratization of the public museum experience, by moving the focus away from buildings and employees towards the process and place of art-making in the construction of meaning for local communities. “Art is created in a place and time and in a community to which it is inherently connected,” she argues. “The city can become the stage upon which the actions and social interactions of the public museum are performed.” This conception of the DIY museum blurs the boundary between ‘actors’ and ‘audience’ to transform both into performers with the power to influence and contribute to the content, direction and representation of the stories of a community. While acknowledging that many museums have embraced digital technologies and new ideas for reaching and engaging their communities, Kathryn states that the generation, presentation and ownership of information still remains centred on museum personnel and is often limited to the particular physical location of the museum site. She advocates the ‘gyroscopic’ museum model instead. “This concept was identified by Wayne LaBar and is based on using the internet and mobile telephones to enable museum visitors to contribute easily and quickly to what becomes an exchange of information and content with the museum,” she explains. “These kinds of exchanges can occur between visitors as well as with the museum curators, and mobile devices allow exchanges to happen at any time and place, providing myriad ways for museums to impact people going about their daily lives.” This approach moves the focus from physical objects in a building to the development of relationships between people and museums, not only during but before and after a visit, or even without having to visit the physical location of the museum at all. As Kathryn points out, museums are not value-free or neutral spaces, and the presentation of objects involves their interpretation and definition in specific ways. “While it is often argued that the experience of being in the presence of the authentic object is central to the function of the museum,

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Kathryn McCully 9 School of Visual and Screen Arts [email protected]

Condition Report by Kathryn McCully

the ways in which that object is displayed may present a contextual clash or dislocation between it and its origins,” she says. “It is an extremely challenging role to make decisions associated Art is created in a with what is kept to represent the culture and history of a community.” Virtuality – the online, place and time and in a virtual environment – is rapidly changing the way people access, interpret, view or produce cultural community to which it is artefacts, shifting museums from a collection- driven to a two-way, audience-driven focus that ‘inherently connected. The may not be limited to their physical structure or locality. “Embracing this kind of change can be city can become the stage unsettling for museum curators,” Kathryn says. “I believe that, in stepping beyond the traditional upon which the actions roles of keepers and expert interpreters, and opening up to ‘working in the world’ with and social interactions of communities, museums can generate the potential for new possibilities and relevancies.” the public museum are performed.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 10 Peter Belton School of Visual and Screen Arts Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

MYTHS: POETRY, PAINTING AND REPAINTING In 2015 Peter’s research and studio practice continued to build around the idea that stories about the making and reception of art works might become myths.

“Myths are sustained and transmitted taking if we are not to stagnate or Painting proceeded slowly for over time and across locations to lose the brightness we admire in Peter in 2015. “It has been a time because they impress upon us as the openness and inquisitiveness of of reflection, rejection and slow speaking to, even being coincident children.” Peter is reluctant to use reconstruction. I have been painting with, our own aspirations, needs, the word ‘analysis’ as it has come to and overpainting, each layer being desires, anxieties and phobias,” be associated almost exclusively with a partial reconstruction as if a story says Peter. “Myths are synchronic measurement and quantification. “I might need correction.” Peter says in this regard. They are not just am reminded of Picasso’s famous that the image depicted here is a part of a dusty past.” This stance is observation when he rebuked our result of repainting. “The original related to his poetry writing, begun obsession with ‘research’ and version foregrounded two figures, in 2014, which has continued into empiricist methodologies. ‘To find is one struggling to carry the other. I 2015. “Each poem has been my take the thing’ was his injunction.” took these from Raphael’s depiction on circumstances and moments In 2015 nine of Peter’s poems, of Aeneas carrying his father in the lives of painters at different accompanied by four painted images, Anchises away from the destruction times in history.” Peter suggests were published on The National of Troy. I reworked this as ‘carrying that: “naturally each poem reveals Library website Poet Laureate’s Blog the weight and inclination of at least as much about its writer as (http://www.poetlaureate.org.nz/p/ mountains.’” Another image, a large it might about its subject.” The story vincent-osullivan-new-zealand- work, has been in progress for over he is suggesting in the case of each poet_15.html). These were selected a year. “It started as a depiction of poem is his myth. “So as far as truth by Vincent O’Sullivan, then New two figures enveloped in a Baroque is concerned, my poetry poses as a Zealand’s Poet Laureate. Peter also space. This has been through rewriting ‘over’; a palimpsest. It may had a poem published in Landfall several incarnations and continues be a misrepresentation, or it may 229. His current writing includes to bug me. It has the working title: not. What it presents is a testimony poems about Federico Garcia Lorca, Listening.” to my attempt at ‘making sense of’, who he describes as a very ‘visual’ by getting ‘into’. It is a risk worth poet.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Peter Belton 11 School of Visual and Screen Arts [email protected]

Carrying Mountains by Peter Belton

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 12 Rachel Mann School of Visual and Screen Arts Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

TALE ENDERS: A LOCALLY SET ANIMATED SERIES

In 2015 Rachel Mann completed a Master of Design through Massey University. Her research encompassed a written dissertation in which she examined the ways that young people are represented in animated programmes, and a project which involved designing and creating a six- part animated web series.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Rachel Mann 13 School of Visual and Screen Arts [email protected]

House by Rachel Mann. Image from Episode One which is based Beach by Rachel Mann. Image from Episode Six where the group around Hamish and set at Dan’s family Diwali celebrations. of friends are celebrating and reflecting on the past year and expressing their hopes and fears for the year ahead.

Rachel teaches across a number Rachel realised that there is a real series.” Rachel’s episodes do not of papers in the Bachelor of Screen lack of local content for teens in follow the standardised format that Arts degree programme at Southern terms of animated offerings. “Most many American programmes use Institute of Technology, but her animated programmes are made where each episode ends tidily with a primary focus is animation. It is not under the constraints of large US clear moral message. “I didn’t want surprising then that her research conglomerates such as Nickelodeon, to preach moral values. Characters in 2015 was centred in the area of Disney, Viacom and the like,” Rachel instead are shown to experience the animation. The written component states. “There is no animation consequences of their actions.” of Rachel’s research looked into being made locally for the teenage As part of her study Rachel representation in animation, audience. There are local literary presented her project at the Master specifically the ways that young traditions, in terms of teen fiction of Design student exhibition in people are presented and catered for content, but a real gap when it comes April at the School of Creative Arts. in animated programming. Originally to local animation fiction.” She presented the characters and Rachel was planning to concentrate The creative component of Rachel’s character design at the exhibition. on programmes for children master’s study involved designing a “My research showed that 75% of however she found through her six-part animated series based on lead characters in animated series study that there were already plenty five teenagers who live in Invercargill. are male and white. I wanted my of animated viewing options for that “Most locally-made programming characters to look more reflective age group. “There is a growing trend is set in Auckland, but I wanted to of the ethnic diversity that we see of programmes for the under five use a setting that wasn’t the norm,” in Southland,” she says. Her lead year olds, and gender awareness is says Rachel. “My series addresses characters include an Indian boy, a already evident in that sector,” says issues that are pertinent to young Maori girl, an Asian girl from Gore Rachel. “I found that there is little people everywhere. Themes such and a boy of Scottish descent. In 2016 available for teens, however, who are as identity, suicide, bullying and Rachel will make the episodes and expected to watch either below or sexuality are all explored in the she is looking to apply for funding to above their age level.” support this.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 14 Kevin Miles School of Visual and Screen Arts Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

ISLANDS

Kevin Miles has always been fascinated by islands and, in particular, the shorelines of islands. His research focus in 2015 was on exploring the significance of the ‘island’ in the dialectics of human experience through a series of photographic works.

Kevin Miles is an artist, and a tutor profound on islands than elsewhere,” moment of experience in a place in in the School of Visual Arts, Film and says Kevin. The study of islands, a visual way. As he expresses it: “the Animation. He has a Bachelor of Arts known as nissology, can take many photograph provides an insight into (Hons) in Film from the University of forms, and it is a relatively new field. the lived experience of a particular Creative Arts, Farnham, and a post- “The threat of influx and absorption place and moment in time.” graduate qualification in art education has often driven and galvanised Kevin’s exploration focused on the from Goldsmiths College, University ‘islandness’. Other things discussed southern island of New Zealand. of London. He will complete a in the literature are definitions of Initially he began documenting Master of Fine Arts from the Otago islands and aspects that arise from structures associated with coastline Polytechnic School of Art in 2015. His comparisons between large and especially those in a state of decay dissertation, “A Photographic Study small, isolated and not so isolated, and transition. His focus later of Island Places”, discusses themes whether the population is indigenous widened to a concern with the such as liminal place, time, the or settler, and rural or urbanised.” activities of people at the shoreline. shoreline, islands and photography. Kevin followed a phenomenological It was important to record this with Studio work involved travelling and approach where the focus is on longer exposures often with analogue photographing along the coasts of the lived experience. He found this cameras and traditional darkroom New Zealand using a maritime wreck theoretical framework to be useful process, which became an extension chart as a guide to destinations and when exploring concepts such as of the experience. As a result of his sites. His works were exhibited at ‘islandness’, as a phenomenology approach the works have taken on an the Alternative Space Gallery in of islands relates in the most direct inexactness and drawing-like quality Dunedin from February to May 2015 and accurate way to what islands to try to convey ideas and actions where they were described as being mean. Meanings are produced such as the motion of tide and waves “masterful and dark”. and expressed through the lived and the activities of surfers and other “Islands are interesting as places and bodily experience of people. figures who engage at the edge or because the characteristics that give For Kevin the photograph provided liminal zone of the shoreline. spaces meaning are perhaps more the medium which could distil the

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Kevin Miles 15 School of Visual and Screen Arts [email protected]

Laughing Water #4, 2014, by Kevin Miles

Laughing Water #1, 2014, by Kevin Miles

Wave of Life, 2015, by Kevin Miles

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 16 Ruth Myers School of Visual and Screen Arts Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

THE SUBJECT IS IN HER HOUSE: PERFORMING THE DISCIPLINING BODY

In what ways does the moving and gesturing body implicate a viewer, and how can technologically mediated body performance explore this implication? Artist and educator Ruth Myers explored these questions at several forums during 2015 when she presented her exploration of performing the disciplining body through encounters with technologically mediated body performance.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Ruth Myers 17 School of Visual and Screen Arts [email protected]

Ruth is an artist and teaches modality of power which is rendered but exerting pressure on them. This sculpture and studio research visible on and through the individual stance is explored in her exhibition practice at the Southern Institute of body. For instance, Foucault The Subject is in her House at Technology in Invercargill. She has outlines how learning a ‘correct’ Dunedin Public Art Gallery in a Masters in Art and Design from mode of writing involves spatial and November and December 2015. The Auckland University of Technology temporal organisation of the body work documented Ruth as artist on (AUT) and is currently working on her throughout the execution of the act.” a journey from the front door to the doctoral thesis. Ruth’s project draws Ruth is particularly interested in the back door of her own home, as she on personal content, historical filmic productive modality of Foucault’s followed a chalk-drawn line on the body performance and feminist video disciplinary power, which produces floor with her face and body. The task art practice, with a specific emphasis possibilities of subject positioning was recorded by multiple cameras on training and particularising the through mechanisms and techniques and then screened through separate body through repeated tasks and such as detailed observation, monitors linked in sequence, acts. Her research focuses on body examination and recording, revealing a series of rooms or scenes performance mediated through contributing to the establishment as Ruth moved slowly but steadfastly various technologies to explore of norms. Judith Butler usefully through her house. Ruth tells us: spatial and temporal organisation extends this disciplinary model to “viewers are invited to follow me and disruption of the body’s gestures take in the gendering of bodies in down the hallway, through the dining and movements. These modes aim her notion of gender performativity. room and kitchen and out onto the to situate the body as an ongoing “In my work this disciplinary and back porch, while the alignment of performative accomplishment that is performative positioning of body my body and actions aim to provoke contingent, social and political. is explored through documents different ways of thinking about body Ruth shared her research in “being and performance as contingent, movement, acts and meanings within made, performing disciplining relational and ongoing,” Ruth a specific context.” She continues: bodies”, presented at AUT’s Art explains. “what was particularly successful and Performance Research Group Drawing on feminist Foucauldian in this was that passers by walking seminar series in May 2015. “My work projects and feminist video and beside the street window site became draws on Michel Foucault’s notion of performance art projects, Ruth is caught up in the task, contributing to ‘disciplinary power’,” Ruth says. “In particularly interested in exploring provoking questioning around how his 1975 text Discipline and Punish personal endeavour as a model not we participate in our own and others’ Foucault pays close attention to this for denying disciplinary frameworks, positionings.”

“being made, performing disciplining bodies”, 2015, by Ruth Myers.

The subject is in her house, 2015, by Ruth Myers.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 18 David Woolley School of Visual and Screen Arts Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

INVERSCAPE: THE CELEBRATION OF AN ARTISTIC FRIENDSHIP

Artist David Woolley partnered with Roddy McMillan in an exhibition in the Southland Museum and Art Gallery that celebrated the landscapes of Southland.

David is an arts tutor in the School photographs within the same work,” process of creation from making of Screen and Visual Arts and holds David says. “These images were the moulds for his work to casting a Master of Design from Massey designed to present well-known and the final bronze,” says David. He University. The exhibition at the recognisable images of Invercargill adds: “I was delighted to be working Southland Museum and Art Gallery in ways that were unusual. I aimed to with Roddy for this exhibition, and in Invercargill in May and June 2015 intrigue viewers and encourage them I will miss him greatly as a friend presented him with an opportunity to think about the city in unlikely and as a fellow artist.” Roddy’s to work with his friend and artistic ways.” example inspired David to venture collaborator Roddy McMillan. In David’s works were exhibited into working in bronze, and some of Inverscape David exhibited a series alongside Roddy McMillan’s bronze his early sculptures were included of digital photographic prints that wall tiles inspired by Southland in the exhibition. As David explains, offered a detailed revision of the landscapes, including land, river and his own sculptures were quite urban nature of Invercargill city. sea scenes. Roddy McMillan, who different in style to Roddy’s works. His works included digitally painted passed away in June 2015, was well- “My sculptures make a mischievous pieces as well as manipulated known in Southland for his bronze reference to how it can be that we photographs that transformed sculpture of the motorcycling legend arrive in a place, and what we might familiar scenes into 360 degree Burt Munro inside his 1920 Indian bring with us along the way.” David panoramic views that displayed the motorcycle, installed in Queens Park acknowledges the support for the city in quite different ways. “The in Invercargill. “Roddy’s artistic exhibition of the Southland Museum images deliberately contain several practice extended through the full and Art Gallery Niho o te Taniwha.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact David Woolley 19 School of Visual and Screen Arts [email protected]

These images were designed to present well-known and recognisable views of Invercargill ‘in ways that were unusual. I aimed to intrigue viewers and encourage them to think about the city in unlikely ways.

Salt by David Woolley

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 20 Sheila Ramsay School of Veterinary Nursing and Animal Care Technology and Trades Faculty

GENETIC RESEARCH INTO THE CAUSE OF HOOF WALL SEPARATION DISEASE IN CONNEMARA PONIES

Veterinary Nursing tutor Sheila Ramsay has been a key figure in research into the genetic markers for hoof wall separation disease (HWSD), a debilitating hoof condition suffered by some Connemara ponies.

Sheila is a tutor in the Veterinary therefore a high degree of structural States and from around the world. Nursing programme at Southern integrity of the hoof is required in Samples were taken by registered Insititute of Technology, where she order to support the weight of the veterinarians and then sent to the teaches parasitology, among other body. “When the hoof is damaged University of California. subjects, and supervises student the pony cannot support its weight Sheila was instrumental in gathering research. She has a Bachelor properly, and it becomes lame,” support for research into this of Veterinary Technology and a Sheila explains. “The associated unacknowledged disease and in Graduate Diploma in Rural Studies inflammation is painful and in collecting samples for analysis. “The from Massey University and has also very chronic cases may lead to the first stages of the research, including taught practical vet nursing skills animal having to be put down.” The the genetic testing at Davis, were at the university. Sheila has owned symptoms become apparent within paid for by crowd sourcing through and bred Connemara ponies. She the first year of a pony’s life and, as an internet site I set up,” she says. has long been concerned about the the researchers found, almost 15% “Once the genetic basis for the impacts the disease can have on (recent data indicates as high a 35% condition was identified we were able the health of individual animals and in some countries) of the Connemara to secure funding from established to the reputation of the breed as a pony population carries the mutation. research funds in the United whole and this, along with a passion The majority of Sheila’s research States.” Sheila travelled around for veterinary science, led to her collaborators were based at the New Zealand encouraging owners to involvement in international research University of California, Davis in the allow samples to be taken from their that determined there was indeed a USA, with specialists in veterinary ponies for testing. Her passion for genetic basis for the condition. medicine, animal science and the research also took her overseas. The Connemara pony originated in bioinformatics also having an input In 2014 she helped organise and Galway in Western Ireland. “The into the research. The genetic presented at a conference in Ireland, breed has a nice temperament and research was conducted at the UC that brought together researchers is a good option for children and Davis Bannasch Genetics Laboratory and others interested in controlling older riders who don’t want to ride a and Carrie Finno of the Department of the spread of the disease. She also larger horse,” says Sheila. Hoof wall Population Health and Reproduction travelled to Austria, France, Great separation disease is an inherited at the School of Veterinary Medicine Britain and Germany where she condition in the Connemara pony that at Davis led the project team. worked to enlist pony stud owners causes the separation and breaking The aim of the research was to there to contribute samples from of the dorsal hoof wall. The hoof wall identify a genetic cause for HWSD, their Connemara ponies for genetic becomes brittle and easily split and by comparing the genomes of analysis. broken. As horses bear most of their ponies with the disease with the In addition Sheila was responsible weight on what is essentially their gene sequences of non-affected for the pedigree mapping which led third toe, a large amount of force animals. Genetic testing was carried to the original hypothesis that HWSD is applied to each of their hooves out on blood samples taken from was genetic in origin. She was every time they take a step, and Connemara ponies in the United able to build on her own database

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Sheila Ramsay 21 School of Veterinary Nursing and Animal Caredonna. [email protected]

Connemara pony and rider

Hind feet of Connemara pony with hoof wall Front foot of another Connemara pony separation disease suffering from the condition

of Australian and New Zealand assessments.’ The data generated a significant connection between Connemara ponies by sourcing since commercial testing became HWSD and the suppression of a information from Ireland, Sweden, available in August 2014 fully particular gene, SERPINB11. Now Germany and all of the other supports the original hypothesis. A that the genetic variance has been countries where the Connemara second trip to Ireland occurred in identified it is hoped that breeders pony is bred. “The aim initially was March 2015 to present the results will be able to use genetic testing and to track the breed lines that had of the pedigree mapping which up to their knowledge of lines of pedigree produced known affected ponies,” this point had not been in the public to avoid the disease being passed on she explains. “From the mapping domain. to new generations of ponies. process we began to see clearly the The first study to describe genetic The results of the research were lines of affected ponies and were variance associated with the hoof published in the April 2015 edition of able to begin to make predictive wall, this research has identified the journal PLOS Genetics.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 22 John Mumford School of Computing Faculty of Healthy, Humanities and Computing

CONTEXTUALISING LEARNING: PERSPECTIVES ON TEACHING NUMBERS SYSTEMS TO FIRST-YEAR IT STUDENTS School of Computing tutor John Mumford researches practical techniques to help first-year IT students grasp concepts of numeracy and mathematics. In a recently published paper he stresses the importance of placing the teaching of new concepts in a practical context.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact John Mumford 23 School of Computing [email protected]

“Mathematics and numbers are teaching number systems to first- the teacher posing questions woven into the fabric of the everyday year IT students then learning should that promote deep thinking and world,’ says John. ‘While it might occur in the context of a networking discussion, and assisting students to seem hidden in daily life, numeracy course where it has immediate make connections between different actually can be found in workplace, relevance,” he explains. The teacher topics through group work and home and family contexts.” John’s needs to have a sound appreciation innovative use of examples to work research focuses on analysing of conceptions of numeracy and to from. practical techniques and teaching teach the use of mathematical skills From trialling these and many approaches that facilitate the for a particular purpose. “Students other teaching methods in the IT learning of number systems to first- will be more motivated to persist in classroom John concludes that year IT students. He argues that problem-solving when the purpose building on the students’ prior teachers can help their students gain and relevance of the learning tasks knowledge of base ten numbers in the mathematical skills they need to is explicit.” constructing new knowledge and succeed in their learning by making It is not only the prior experiences the use of group work significantly explicit connections between prior and knowledge of students that enhance the learning of complex number knowledge, being flexible influences learning in this area. concepts. He recommends teachers about which tool or device is used to John finds that learning is also highly demonstrate multiple approaches to perform calculations and providing a influenced by teachers’ attitudes number systems conversion and use contextual focus for the skills being to numeracy and the extent of their a wide range of teaching materials taught. subject knowledge and familiarity including spreadsheets, smart It is essential that the students with research in the field. The phone applications and the still- develop good conceptual and traditional approach to teaching valuable pen and paper. “All these practical foundations in number mathematics involves a teacher factors support meaningful study conversion between binary and demonstrating the correct way to that fosters confidence in students decimal systems in their first year solve a problem and then setting and helps them learn important of study, as this knowledge is example problems for students new mathematical skills quickly and central to understanding many allied to solve by themselves in silence. effectively,” he says. computing concepts. “Culture, “Recent research has highlighted the John presented his research academic background and prior importance of students instead being at the sixth annual conference mathematical experiences are able to talk about how they have of Computing and Information all factors that influence how a solved the problems,” John explains. Technology Research and Education student will learn these fundamental “Facilitating extensive talk about New Zealand (CITRENZ) in concepts,” says John. His research solutions can uncover incorrect Queenstown in October 2015. His is underpinned by his belief in the conceptions and help students paper, which has been published in importance of context in the teaching show and justify their reasoning.” the conference proceedings, received and learning of numeracy. “If we are Other practical approaches include a commendation for Best Paper.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 24 Dax Roberts School of Computing Faculty of Healthy, Humanities and Computing

ARE NEW ZEALAND BUSINESSES ADEQUATELY PROTECTING THEMSELVES AGAINST CYBERCRIME?

New Zealand organisations increasingly are concerned about the potential impacts of cybercrime on their businesses. Researchers Dr Dax Roberts at Southern Institute of Technology and Associate Professor Hank Wolfe at the University of Otago explored the measures that businesses are taking to protect themselves from cyber- attacks such as hacking, malware and data theft.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Dax Roberts 25 School of Computing [email protected]

Dax is a tutor in the Bachelor and 2015. In addition, 12% of businesses Masters of IT programmes at reported that they had been victims of Southern Institute of Technology. cybercrime. The types of threats that He has a PhD in computing from the organisations were concerned about Our findings University of Otago and specialises included threats such as viruses in research in the rapidly evolving and malware as well as targeted show that field of cybersecurity. He and fellow external attacks such as hacking researcher Associate Professor or industrial espionage. “Generic organisations Hank Wolfe, a lecturer in IT at the external threats such as viruses University of Otago in Dunedin, have cannot easily be guarded against, ‘who had spent carried out an annual survey of New as they are always changing,” Dax Zealand businesses to assess their says. “This uncertainty increases very little of their concerns about cybercrime and their fears about cyber safety.” Growing perceived readiness for protecting concerns about targeted external budgets on IT against such crime. Dax and Hank attacks may be explained by the Wolfe presented the findings from increased reporting of these sorts of security were their 2015 survey in a paper at events in the media. Another issue the conference of Computing and is a rise in incidents of ransomware much more Information Technology Research which, as Dax explains, is a type and Education New Zealand of malware that prevents or limits likely to have (CITRENZ 2015) held in Queenstown users from accessing their own in October. Their presentation systems. “It forces its victims to pay been victims received a commendation for best a ransom before they are able to use collaborative research. their systems again or to be able to of cybercrime. The project involved sending a retrieve their own data.” questionnaire to 1,000 New Zealand The researchers wanted to know Businesses are businesses including those in the how ready New Zealand businesses manufacturing, transport and considered themselves to be to definitely not service industries, producing a resist cybercrime. “To assess this 10% response rate. “We found we asked questions about how much investing enough that, from 2014 to 2015, those of their IT budget was dedicated to organisations have become more security, what were their attitudes on security concerned about cybercrime toward cybersecurity and what affecting their businesses.” Survey practical measures they were taking generally and respondents were also asked if they to protect themselves,” Dax says. believed the government was doing He notes that, although concerns on security enough to provide businesses with about cybercrime as a perceived risk education about, and protection increased between 2014 and 2015, the awareness from, cybercrime. As Dax explains: businesses surveyed were spending “in 2014 most respondents had no the same percentage of their IT training in opinion about the government’s role budgets on cybersecurity. “Our in preventing cybercrime, however findings show that organisations who particular. this year the majority did not believe had spent very little of their budgets the government was providing on IT security were much more likely sufficient material resources or to have been victims of cybercrime,” knowledge to protect organisations.” he says. “Businesses are definitely The research found that a great not investing enough on security majority of organisations believed generally and on security awareness that cybercrime would increase in training in particular.” He and Hank the coming two years, and that the Wolfe plan to repeat the survey in levels of concern about the issue had 2016 so they can monitor trends in increased by over 10% from 2014 to cybercrime concerns and business readiness over time.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 26 Frederico Botafogo School of Business Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT IN TEACHING DOUBLE- ENTRY BOOKKEEPING

How can we teach complex technical concepts to students who have no prior knowledge to relate to the new learning, and where the concepts seems counter-intuitive? This is the challenge that inspired a recent presentation by business tutor Frederico Botafogo.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Frederico Botafogo 27 School of Business [email protected]

I asked students to visualise this merchant travelling by land to England to trade velvet for wool and then continuing by ship to Syria ‘to exchange the wool for pepper, and finally returning to Italy to trade that pepper back into velvet.The students had to consider how the merchant would assess whether this trip was worthwhile economically.

Frederico teaches on the Bachelor double-entry procedure are not at all merchant is seeking something like and Master of Business degree intuitive,” says Frederico. “Double- an algorithm or consistent procedure programmes at Southern Institute entry bookkeeping is difficult to that can be followed, whatever the of Technology. He holds a Bachelor justify on non-accounting grounds, nature of the business venture, to of Science degree from University which are the only ones available identify what goods to trade and in of Brasilia, Brazil and is currently to beginners. Often it just does not what quantities in order to make a studying towards his PhD with the make any sense to students, at least profit. “This procedure we can call University of Otago, specialising not initially.” His conference paper ‘T-accounts’,” Frederico says. in accounting theory. He recently focused on the challenges of teaching He has found that, by linking the trialled an innovative approach the subject to students who are new accounting practice to the decision- to introducing double-entry to the field of accountancy and so making process behind it, this bookkeeping to first year business have difficulties understanding why ‘thought experiment’ helps students students with no previous knowledge they need to learn the topic and to grasp not only the value of of accounting. His objective was can make no immediately obvious T-accounts but also the underlying to provide students with a story connections with prior learning. fundamentals of the practice of to which they could relate when Frederico took the novel approach double-entry bookkeeping. “I beginning to learn a fundamental of teaching these difficult concepts have also found that this thought area of accountancy. He shared through what he calls a ‘thought experiment demonstrates to his teaching and learning approach experiment’ that had the students students that income changes when with tertiary teaching colleagues imagining how a merchant of different trading strategies are at the Whitireia/Weltec Research mediaeval Venice in Italy would have chosen,” says Frederico. “In terms Symposium in Porirua, Wellington in carried out his business. “I asked of the very big picture, I can also September 2015. students to visualise this merchant use this story as a starting point for Frederico explains double-entry travelling by land to England to trade discussing economic valuation when bookkeeping as a recording velvet for wool and then continuing markets are imperfect, incomplete procedure based on ‘T-accounts’, a by ship to Syria to exchange the wool and lacking a monetary standard. term referring to the visual form of for pepper, and finally returning to I then spend the rest of the term these accounts in a ledger in which Italy to trade that pepper back into discussing accounting as it is done debit entries are depicted to the velvet,” he explains. “The students today but I keep making reference left of the ‘T’ and credits are shown had to consider how the merchant to the underlying structure my story to the right of the ‘T’. “A difficulty would assess whether this trip was has helped the students identify.” faced by instructors in this field is worthwhile economically.” The key Frederico asserts that this is where that T-accounts and the need for a idea conveyed by the story is that the he finds the gain in learning.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 28 Emma Cathcart School of Fashion Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

THE FABRIC OF IDENTITY: EXPLORING ISOLATION, INFLUENCE AND IDENTITY THROUGH GARMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Fashion tutor Emma Cathcart expresses connections between her personal history and universal design influences in her latest collection of garments.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Emma Cathcart 29 School of Fashion [email protected]

Emma teaches on the Bachelor of Fashion and Design In constructing the garments Emma drew on traditional Degree at Southern Institute of Technology. She has a construction methods, passed down to her by her family, Bachelor of Fine Arts Honours Degree from Coventry alongside deconstructive techniques, and used recycled or University in the United Kingdom, and a Diploma in Fashion gifted materials. As she describes: “during this process and Design from Southern Institute of Technology. Her I discovered new, transformative means of expression recent research explores elements of isolation, influence through the actual physical acts of designing and making and identity through garment design, and the results of the garments.” The process spanned a wide range of this research were presented at the Costume and Textile experiences from examining the very basic structure of Association of New Zealand 2015 Annual Symposium in woven cloth and exploring the many ways in which it could Dunedin. be manipulated, to the choice of a colour palette that Her research interest arises from a fascination with the evoked childhood recollections of holidays in the Scottish diversity of cultural translation and the representation Highlands. Her analysis included the deconstruction and of cultural values through clothing. “In researching reinvention of weave, the patterning of fabric, the physical artefacts held in New Zealand museums I was aware that manipulation of fabric through folding or pleating, and such items could provide an understanding of the context traditional hand-embroidery and knotting. in which they had been made, which in turn enabled a The completed garments and the decorative motifs they deeper appreciation of important cultural values attached incorporate are deeply personal to Emma and even the to these pieces,” Emma explains. “I began to realise smallest detail is deliberate and revealing. “At the same definite universal similarities in some of the geometric time I could see that my own story was being told through representations or patterns beyond their role as pure techniques, colours, patterns and textures that could decoration.” This feeling of connection between historical be traced back to many cultures and locations, and to and cultural influences prompted Emma to investigate her historical antecedents from places as diverse as Central own experience of settling in another country from that in Asia, North America and the Austrian alps!” she says. which she had been born and raised, and inspired her to “The creation of these garments has been a process of create a range of garments based on her cultural heritage calculated experimentation and serendipitous realisation,” and history. “I drew on aspects that were intrinsically she continues. “In any creative act, some level of diffusion familiar, personal and significant, with the aim of conveying and transformation must take place. In employing a deeper sense of communication through the clothing,” personal experience, heritage and universal influences she says. “By examining the same primary forces at play through decorative surface design, patterns and motifs I within my own design process and subsequent translation, feel that, through these garments, I have been able to offer I sought to develop a personal yet recognisable language a personal language of my own.” through garment design.”

Ombré-dyed blue and purple silk sleeve of the Layered Top by Emma Cathcart

Ombré-dyed purple Wool Cape by Emma Cathcart

Hand pick stitching along the under-side of the arm slit openings on the Wool Cape by Emma Cathcart Hand-stitched raised Elizabethan chain stitch at the top of the centre back inverted box Hand-knotted French braided Wool Cape pleat on the by Emma Cathcart button shank retainer, centre front of the neckline of the Layered Top by Emma Cathcart

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 30 Jo Smith New Zealand Massage Therapy Research Centre Faculty of Health, Humanities and Computing

UPDATING MASSAGE THERAPY RESEARCH

Dr Jo Smith continued to further the provision of research and clinical information to the industry in 2015. She also worked with other massage industry researchers to promote research in this field.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Jo Smith 31 New Zealand Massage Therapy Research Centre [email protected]

Jo is Programme Manager for in the field of massage therapy, the Bachelor of Therapeutic and and shared research findings with Sports Massage degree. She has the diverse stakeholder group of a background in health science massage therapists, students, A number of and physiotherapy, and a Doctor of clients, and medical and allied Philosophy from the University of health professionals. “The articles communication Otago during which she examined have profiled Southern Institute of massage therapy services for health Technology and the Bachelor of initiatives and needs. In 2015 Jo carried out a variety Therapeutic Massage staff as leaders structures have of research activities. She contributed in massage therapy research in New ‘ regular articles to the Massage New Zealand,” states Jo. “In addition, Zealand (MNZ) Magazine, worked they provide an excellent source been added collaboratively with colleagues and of evidence-based information for co-presented research findings practitioners.” to Massage with fellow Southern Institute of In collaboration with colleagues Technology massage tutor Dr Donna from other institutes and Southern New Zealand’s Smith. Institute of Technology, Jo Jo had the honour of being elected contributed to establishing a major processes to assist President of Massage New Zealand research presence at the biennial in 2015 and believes that she was Massage New Zealand Conference the industry to able to use her research skills to in Tauranga in 2015. Jo either support this position. “A number led or contributed to a total of six understand and of communication initiatives and presentations that addressed a structures have been added to variety of topics from improving support degree Massage New Zealand’s processes research literacy, through educating to assist the industry to understand the industry on relevant research level education. and support degree level education,” tools and resources, to reporting on Jo says. “Growing the organisation’s the latest research being carried out research culture is another area I at the New Zealand Massage Therapy have been able to have an impact and Research Centre at Southern Institute also where I would like to continue to of Technology. “The conference was focus in the future.” a wonderful opportunity to showcase Jo is passionate about recognition the research side of the massage of the therapeutic massage industry therapy industry,” says Jo. “It as a highly professional domain. In allowed us to foster a real research 2015 Jo wrote four articles for MNZ presence amongst the delegates, Magazine, a publication that is an and to continue to grow and develop important source of information for a research culture amongst massage those working in the industry. These therapists in New Zealand.” articles discussed relevant research

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 32 Donna Smith New Zealand Massage Therapy Research Centre Faculty of Health, Humanities and Computing

WHERE TO FROM HERE FOR THE MASSAGE THERAPY INDUSTRY IN NEW ZEALAND?

That is the question behind recent research by massage therapist and educator Dr Donna Smith. She is challenging her fellow therapists to think about the future of their industry and how to create a more unified and credible professional identity.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Donna Smith 33 New Zealand Massage Therapy Research Centre [email protected]

I believe we need to challenge the status quo and build a coalition around degree-based education and strong ‘professional association. This could help the industry move into a better position with access to public health dollars, a growing research base to support practice and a perceived high level of professional expertise.

Donna is Programme Manager for the health sector. “I asked them to As Donna found when carrying out Bachelor of Therapeutic and Sports consider whether massage therapy research for her PhD, despite a Massage at Southern Institute of was a personal service industry, or growing consumer demand there Technology. She has a PhD from the an emergent health profession,” is no access for the industry to the University of Otago and is currently Donna explains. “I wanted to public health dollar, and the disunity the Research Officer for Massage encourage those attending the and variability in scope of practice New Zealand (MNZ), the professional conference, as well as the wider and professional standards can body for massage therapists. This massage industry, to consider how lead to a blemished public image year saw Donna continue her others perceive our professional for the field of massage therapy. “I ongoing involvement in research to identity and image.” Issues she believe we need to challenge the support the profession. In addition to raised included the ambivalent status quo and build a coalition providing regular research updates image of the massage profession, around degree-based education and to members of MNZ she also in particular the historical and strong professional association,” implemented a national members’ contemporary association with the she declares. “This could help the survey which provided the basis for sex industry, the low level of public industry move into a better position the development of new Continued knowledge about massage therapy, with access to public health dollars, Professional Development activities a potential identity crisis within the a growing research base to support for massage therapy professionals. industry, and low membership to practice and a perceived high level In collaboration with her teaching the professional association, MNZ. of professional expertise.” She colleague and fellow researcher Jo “Adding to the identify crisis is the also advocates for the regulation of Smith, Donna presented the findings fact that the practice of massage industry, allied with a clearly defined of the survey to the MNZ Conference therapy is not regulated within New scope of practice and standardised in Tauranga, New Zealand, in August Zealand either by the government or qualifications for entry into the 2015. by the industry itself,” says Donna. profession. “This approach, leading Donna gave a second presentation “There is a wide diversity of views to higher standards of practice, will at the MNZ Conference that drew and much indecision about the levels also help create a defined identify on the qualitative data from her PhD of education required to practice for the industry, as well as a more thesis. Entitled “So You Want to be massage therapy. There is no positive image and a high level of a Health Professional?” her talk standardised entry qualification and credibility for our profession.” challenged industry representatives anyone can claim to be a massage to think about their status in the therapist.”

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 34 Doug Heath School of Contemporary Music and Audio Production Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

MURIHIKU METAL In 2015 Doug Heath travelled to Finland to present his research into Invercargill metal music at the Modern Heavy Metal: Markets, Practices and Cultures International Academic Conference.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Doug Heath 35 School of Contemporary Music and Audio Production [email protected]

I am in the process of exploring the connections between the meat industry ‘in Southland and the metal music scene.

Doug is Programme Manager for the Bachelor of Contemporary Music degree at Southern Institute of Technology and holds a Master of Science in electronics and physics from the University of Otago. He is an active performer in the local music scene, playing trumpet for local Dub-Reggae band Rhythmonyx, as well as bass guitar in metal band Osmium. He is currently enrolled in a PhD through Griffith University in Brisbane in which he brings together his performance and his academic interests. His doctoral studies embrace the cultural context and ethnography of bands, their artistic practices including learning specific musical skill sets for the two diverse genre in the same geolocation, and ‘music in the making’: a dialogue in the informed practice of the modernity of studio recording arts. The focus of Doug’s research is Murihiku/Southland and the cultural and musicological framing of metal within the local independent music scene. While the project is still at the beginning stages he has already uncovered some interesting details. “Invercargill has an enduring underground scene of heavy metal and punk rock dating back to the late 1980s,” says Doug. “Bands such as Pretty Wicked Head and the Desperate Men laid the origins of today’s scene.” He reports that there are more than 50 original metal groups in Invercargill, and together they form the Southern Metal Confederacy Incorporated Society which was established in 2014. Doug’s argument is that the original music that is produced in Invercargill by bands in the metal scene reflects ‘glocalisation’. As he explains: “it is a mixture of Anglo-American musical forms, elements of biculturalism and themes that reflect Invercargill’s position as New Zealand’s most isolated city.” Another interesting aspect is the connection between industrialism and metal music. “A consistent theme in the literature is the connection between industrial geography and music making, in particular the birth of heavy metal in the town of post- war Birmingham,” he states. “I am in the process of exploring the connections between the meat industry in Southland and the metal music scene.” Doug notes that a number of metal musicians have worked in the meat industry and suggests that the harsh reality of the freezing works and associated desensitisation could be seen as a source of musical inspiration. Southern Institute of Technology has also had an effect on Invercargill’s musical scenes. “Students studying on the Audio and Music programmes often get involved in originals bands,” says Doug. “Most university cities exhibit this type of phenomenon and Invercargill’s current music scene is reminiscent of the ‘Dunedin scene’ and its connection to Otago University.” There are many elements yet to be examined in Doug’s ethnographic study of Invercargill’s metal music scene. “I am really only at the start of my study,” he says. “I have many more interviews yet to carry out with local musicians.” His research on this topic will continue to develop in 2016.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 36 Sally Bodkin-Allen School of Contemporary Music and Audio Production Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

SHARING THE MUSIC

Dr Sally Bodkin-Allen’s research in 2015 continued to reflect her ongoing interests in early childhood music, composing and singing. She also continued in her role as editor of Tune Me In, the magazine of Music Education New Zealand Aotearoa (MENZA).

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Sally Bodkin-Allen 37 School of Contemporary Music and Audio Production [email protected]

Putting together each issue of the ‘magazine involves a significant amount of editing, proof-reading and liaising with authors as well as seeking out articles.

Sally is Academic Leader for the Competitions in August. A piece Zealand Association for Research Bachelor of Contemporary Music and for tenor saxophone and piano in Music Education (ANZARME) Bachelor of Audio Production degrees titled ‘Hooray for the Man who has conference and delivered workshops at Southern Institute of Technology Everything’ was also performed at on using classical music in early and holds a PhD from the University the Southland Competitions. Family childhood education at both the of Otago in ethnomusicology and members featured in another of MENZA Professional Development music education. Her primary areas Sally’s instrumental works, ‘The Day in Invercargill and MENZA’s of interest lie in the field of music Bickering Sisters’, a duet for two Music Matters conference in education and she is an elected cornets and piano, featured at the Auckland. “One of the highlights of Board member of MENZA and Invercargill Auxiliary Brass Band end my year was being a speaker at the responsible for the organisation’s of year concert at Repertory House in Southland Festival of the Arts Pecha magazine. Three editions of Tune December. “This was written for my Kucha night,” says Sally. Her title Me In were published in 2015 and two daughters to play, who, like all was ‘Everyone Can Sing!’, a topic contained articles relevant to all sisters, enjoy a good squabble every that is close to her heart and her sectors of education from early now and then!” reports Sally. The research interests in developing childhood to tertiary. “Putting girls will also perform ‘The Bickering singing confidence in early childhood together each issue of the magazine Sisters’ in the junior duet section of teachers. At the end of 2015 she involves a significant amount of the Provincial Contest held in Dunedin received the news that she and her editing, proof-reading and liaising in 2016. All of Sally’s compositions colleague Dr Nicola Swain at Otago with authors as well as seeking out are published by SOUNZ (Centre for University had been successful in articles,” says Sally. New Zealand Music) and the brass getting a funding grant to carry out Three musical compositions were compositions are being used by Errol further research into developing also part of Sally’s research outputs Moore in his teaching at the Dunedin singing confidence. In addition they in 2015. ‘Meadow’s Lullaby’ was Brass Academy. had a paper from their earlier project written for her daughter Meadow Sally gave a number of presentations in this area of research published to play on cornet, with piano and workshops throughout the in the journal Research Studies in accompaniment, and was performed year, in Invercargill, Auckland and Music Education. “This was a great at the Otago-Southland Brass Band Melbourne. She presented the results way to end the year,” says Sally. “Dr Provincial Contest in Mosgiel in of her 2014 research into student Swain and I are looking forward to April as well as at the Southland engagement at the Australia New continuing our work in this area.”

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 38 Jason Sagmyr School of Contemporary Music and Audio Production Faculty of New Media, Arts and Business

SONGWRITING, HERE, THERE AND EVERYWHERE

Jason Sagmyr’s research in 2015 has focused around song writing. As a key member of the Selah Singer Songwriter Conference team he both presented at and acted as executive producer for the final concert at this locally run event. Jason also presented a workshop at the MENZA (Music Education New Zealand Aotearoa) conference entitled “Instant Coffee: Songwriting On The Go”.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Jason Sagmyr 39 School of Contemporary Music and Audio Production [email protected]

Selah is a training programme for local songwriters, which ‘culminates in a concert performance. The idea is to equip local churches with concrete song writing skills. We run a number of workshops to support and develop the craft of song writing and draw on people from many churches throughout Invercargill.

Jason teaches on the Bachelor of “We run a number of workshops to Zealand. The main focus of Jason’s Contemporary Music and Bachelor support and develop the craft of workshop was on lyric writing and of Audio Production degrees at song writing and draw on people creating ideas that were abstract Southern Institute of Technology. from many churches throughout but could function on a concrete His research activities in 2015 Invercargill.” level. Jason demonstrated the complemented his teaching in Jason co-ordinates a management techniques and then organised the the areas of music business and team that is responsible for all facets teachers into small groups to create song writing. Jason is also heavily of the event. “Selah culminates in lyrics for a verse and chorus within a involved in some of the main events a concert performance of original timeframe of ten minutes. “Working in the School of Music at Southern songs that have been developed in groups is better than individual Institute of Technology, including over the course of the workshops,” work for exercises like this,” says the annual Southern Institute of he explains. “Groups must audition, Jason. “I find that groups are happy Technology Kids Concerts Series and the final concert performance to share their ideas and have a sense in semester one each year, and the typically has a huge diversity of of collective ownership, whereas production of Epic Jam, the second genre. We range from acoustic duos, individuals can find it very personal semester event that showcases the funk, blues an, heavy rock through and feel too exposed to share their singer songwriter students. to traditional choral music.” The work.” The interactive content of “Selah is a training programme for programme was so successful in Jason’s workshop was a hit with local songwriters, which culminates 2015 that there are plans to develop the teachers. As he says: “I wanted in a concert performance,” says it further in 2016 and to offer further to give them something they could Jason. Three workshops are held workshops in other areas such as pass on to their students so they during the year and songwriters are technical skills in sound and lighting. could take it away and write a song with it straightaway. Feedback was taught a variety of skills including Attending the MENZA music that they really enjoyed the process arranging techniques, lyric writing educators’ conference in Auckland and being active and involved in the and rehearsing. “The idea is to gave Jason to opportunity to share session.” equip local churches with concrete his expertise with a large number song writing skills,” enthuses Jason. of teachers from throughout New

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 40 Erine van Niekerk Centre for Research Excellence in Environmental Management Faculty of Health, Humanities and Computing

COLD, CLEAR AND PRECIOUS: MONITORING THE WATER QUALITY OF COLD WATER SPRINGS NEAR THE MARAROA RIVER, SOUTHLAND

Erine van Niekerk, Programme Manager for the Environmental Management Degree, has been carrying out longitudinal monitoring of the quality of water in cold water springs adjacent to the Mararoa River in Western Southland.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Erine van Niekerk 41 Centre for Research Excellence in Environmental Management [email protected]

Erine worked in collaboration with Jason Holland of understand mātauranga Maori about the springs, and Adventure Southland to gather the data, and the project traditional cultural practices and knowledge about has also received support from Environment Southland. how to protect them,” she says. “Merging the scientific Research involved the analysis of the water quality and data with information about Maori values associated chemical composition of three freshwater springs on with the springs could support decision-making about private farmland along the Mararoa River. The study also how to manage and maintain the water quality of these compares the characteristics of the spring waters with importance resources.” those of the adjacent Mararoa River, in order to monitor During 2015 Erine also published a paper in collaboration differences in water quality and composition between the with Bachelor of Environmental Management graduate two. Josh Fisher on food shed modelling as a potential Fresh water springs are a meeting place between urban planning tool. Supervision of a student research groundwater, surface water and terrestrial ecosystems project by Josh Fisher provided the basis for the paper, and support rich aquatic ecosystems, however little which explored how Geographical Information Systems is known about the sources and behaviour of many of (GIS) models could be used to calculate food footprints these important water resources. Erine’s research at and food sheds for Invercargill, Southland, using the the Mararoa springs has involved the ongoing, monthly statistics from various agricultural production models. collection and analysis of water samples, and the analysis “As food networks globally are impacted by peak oil, re- of a wide range of parameters including temperature, localization of these food networks would appear to be a pH levels, total suspended solids and levels of dissolved valid environmental response,” says Erine. The research boron, bromine, total nitrogen and phosphorus. The indicated that there were no major physical barriers to project is in its fourth year and will run until the end of Invercargill’s potential to meet its food needs locally, 2016. however the mapping process did highlight some of the The data to date indicates that the water quality is very socio-political issues that would need to be addressed in high and that the springs are healthy. “The data from order to meet that potential. “In the wider context, the this longitudinal study provides a substantial baseline project showed that modelling of hypothetical food sheds for future monitoring of the fresh water springs in the based on food footprints using GIS is a useful tool for area,” Erine explains. “Any deterioration of water quality assessing the ability of a settlement to feed itself from in the future will be immediately highlighted against this within its own land area.” The paper was published in baseline.” Erine remains very interested in the springs the Southern Institute of Technology Journal of Applied and she has identified areas where further research Research in 2015. is needed. “In the future it would be good to be able to

Merging the scientific data with information about Maori values ‘associated with the springs could support decision-making about how to manage and maintain the water quality of these importance resources.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 42 Ross Ramsay Centre for Research Excellence in Environmental Management Faculty of Health, Humanities and Computing SIT’S CHEMISTRY DETECTIVE: USING SCIENCE TO EXPLORE THE MYSTERIES OF GEOCHRONOLOGY AND THE ENGLISH PORCELAIN INDUSTRY

This year has been a very busy one for research for Dr Ross Ramsay, with new discoveries in the fields of geochronology of Fiordland and Stewart Island and the historical development of the English porcelain industry. These two very different areas of inquiry both draw on Ross’ expertise in chemical analysis.

Ross holds a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science (Hons) degrees from the University of Auckland and a PhD in Earth Science from the University of New England. He teaches on the Environmental Management degree programme. He has a wide range of research interests and 2015 has seen him continue his busy research schedule across these fields. He has continued to work with Dr Chris Adams (Geological and Nuclear Sciences) and Mr Russell Beck on an exciting project that involves the radiometric dating of detrital zircons contained within the quartzite metasediments of the Mike Hosted (left) and Dr Chris Adams collecting gneissic-quartzite samples from Pegasus Group, Rakiura (Stewart Lake Hauroko, Fiordland in February 2015. Photograph supplied by R. Ramsay Island) and Lake Huroko, Fiordland. These rafts of metasediments ranging from quartz-rich to partially calcareous rocks are found included within a spectrum of later granites. As Ross explains: “traditionally these host metasediments have been dated to around four hundred million years old, however our research is revealing that some contain zircons that are actually much older than that, with some dating to three billion years or more.” The selected samples were crushed and subjected to heavy mineral separation. The detrital heavy minerals zircons were then mounted Dr Ross Ramsay (front far right), fellow tutor Dr Anna Palliser (front far left) and in a plastic block and subjected to Environmental Management students outside Mt Luxmore Hut, Fiordland.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Ross Ramsay 43 Centre for Research Excellence in Environmental Management [email protected]

Interior of the Joseph Benn creamware ship Three Burghley House jars, c. 1675, examples of early English porcelain. The lid bowl c. 1771 produced in Western Cumberland. of the smaller jar (to the left of the image) is of the Si-Al-Ca type and has an inner Photograph supplied by R. Ramsay. lime-alkali glaze, the first known application in the Western World of such a glaze to porcelains. Photograph supplied by R. Ramsay courtesy of the Burghley House Trust.

radiometric dating at Macquarie Friedrich Böttger and the Meissen more significant influence of the University, Australia, by Dr Adams. manufactory were the first to fire a Royal Society of London on English To date, some 120 radiometric dates hard-paste body in Western Europe. porcelain development.” have been obtained from zircon “Based on science and work done Ross continues to work on concentrates from several quartzite by ourselves and other researchers the composition and historic samples from both Stewart Island such as Morgan Wesley it can be development of English magnesium and Fiordland. The oldest age dates demonstrated that the English, or porcelains, and in 2015 he published from the Lake Hauroko sample more correctly John Dwight, beat a paper in collaboration with Gael are in the order of one billion years Meissen by a country mile in firing and research collaborator Pat older than that obtained from Table a refractory, hard-paste porcelain Daniels on porcelains produced by Hill, Stewart Island. “These dates body,” Ross says. “The paper we the Limehouse factory in the mid- are among the oldest obtained from delivered in London finally exposed 18th century. Scientific analysis crustal material in New Zealand,” 300 years of misunderstanding of has isolated the chemical criteria says Ross. the development of porcelains in for identifying true Limehouse A highlight for Ross this year was England and Europe.” porcelains from those pieces the opportunity for him and his wife Ross and Gael’s research recognises previously wrongly attributed to and co-researcher Gael Ramsay, recipe types relating to early Limehouse. “It is now apparent, to present the results of their English porcelains including the from the application of science, that many years of inquiry into the early silica-aluminium body (Si-Al), the the English have previously been development of the British porcelain silica-aluminium-calcium body (Si- confusing Limehouse porcelains,” industry to the English Ceramic Al-Ca), the magnesium (Mg) and Ross explains. In collaboration Circle in London. Ross and Gael magnesium-phosphorous bodies with Pat and Cilla Daniels, Ross were invited by the English Ceramic (Mg-P), and a range of phosphatic also published new research into Circle to share their findings to date, types. As Ross explains: “both the Si- the previously overlooked Cumbrian in a talk given in November 2015 Al and the Si-Al-Ca bodies coupled potting industry. “It appears from entitled “The Evolution and Technical with the associated aluminous-lime- our research that the Whitehaven Development of the English Porcelain alkali glaze were produced in London region of Cumbria has been a Industry from the Sixteenth Century some 35 years before Meissen.” major potting site dating back to the to Lund’s Bristol circa 1750 – the These indigenous technical 1600s and associated with some of Golden Chain”. In this paper they developments, pre-eminent in England’s more illustrious potting traced the compositional evolution of the Western world, have been families including the Wedgwoods,” the English porcelain tradition, from both obscured and overlooked in says Ross. “It is very surprising the production of refractory ceramic previous ceramic studies. “Although that this association has been so crucibles from Stamford and the considerable attention has been consistently ignored by contemporary Blackwater Valley in Elizabethan given to the Meissen influence, the researchers in this field. Just times. Their research challenges a Baroque influence, and the Rococo,” because a piece of creamware has long-standing tradition in the field says Ross. “Little consideration or WEDGWOOD impressed on it does of British ceramics that Johann enquiry has been afforded the far not mean that it has anything to do with Staffordshire.”

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 44 Anna Palliser Centre for Research Excellence in Environmental Management Faculty of Health, Humanities & Computing

BUILDING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN NEW ZEALAND

Local knowledge and practical wisdom Anna teaches on the Bachelor of Environmental Management degree programme at Southern Institute has much to offer in the management of of Technology. She holds a Master of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development degree from natural resources. Social scientist Dr University College of Wales, Trinity College Carmarthen Anna Palliser presented her research in and a PhD from Otago University on building adaptive capacity for natural resource management of the Banks this developing field of natural resource Peninsula (Canterbury) coastal environment. Anna drew management decision-making at a on the findings in her PhD thesis when she presented a conference paper to the MARE Conference: ‘People and major international conference on the the Sea VIII – Geopolitics of the Oceans’ held in Amsterdam geopolitics of the oceans in Amsterdam. in June 2015. Anna’s paper, entitled “Comparing Building Adaptive Capacity for Natural Resource Management in Two New Zealand Marine Protected Areas”, analysed the management of marine reserves and taiāpure or Maori customary fish management areas on the Banks Peninsula coast near Akaroa. “The aim of my research is to inform local deliberations about the management of natural resources,” says Anna. “My paper drew on the work I had done for my PhD thesis, where I asked the question: where are we heading in terms of building adaptive capacity for

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Anna Palliser 45 School of Environmental Management [email protected]

natural resource management in capacity include learning to live As Anna explains: “the area in New Zealand, and is this direction with the change and uncertainty which I work is very social-science desirable?” Using the two different that are inherent in natural as orientated, and yet to an extent I resource management approaches well as social systems. “Other key believe it bridges the divide between on Banks Peninsula as case studies, elements include nurturing diversity human societies and ecosystems.” she analysed the factors that for reorganisation and renewal, This made her research highly assisted or impeded local people and combining different types of relevant to the MARE conference, in developing the capacity to take knowledge when it comes to finding which provides a forum for social a central role in the sustainable ways to deal with conservation and science research into marine and management of their environment. environmental management issues,” coastal management. “My paper In particular she examined the Anna states. “My study considered was the only presentation at the different perspectives of government both generic perspectives on coastal conference from New Zealand, and conservation officials, local fishers, natural resource management generated a great deal of discussion,” local Maori and conservationists techniques, and the perspectives and she says. She also feels that there about how marine conservation concerns of local people, in order to is also much that New Zealand can measures were implemented and build a deeper understanding than learn from European social science how they were working. could be obtained from a focus on a and environmental approaches at Adaptive capacity relates to the single perspective.” She asserts that all levels. “The conference was ability of a socio-ecological system both generic and local perspectives a fantastic opportunity for me to to adapt to change and respond to are equally valid and valuable understand more about cutting- disturbances in ways that enhance in terms of contributing to local edge research from so many diverse or maintain the key functions and deliberations about natural resource places around the world. There processes of that system. Key management. wasn’t one talk that I couldn’t relate aspects of enabling adaptive to what I was working on!”

Akaroa Harbour, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 46 Sally Dobbs School of Nursing Faculty of Health, Humanities & Computing

A COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS: THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF FAILING NURSE STUDENTS

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Sally Dobbs 47 School of Nursing [email protected]

Clinical nurse educators employed by New Zealand polytechnics experience challenges when assessing Bachelor of Nursing students in clinical practice, particularly students who are considered to be ‘failing’. Research by nurse educator Dr Sally Dobbs into these challenges was inspired by a deep commitment to ensuring patient safety is held paramount when it comes to assessing students.

Sally is Academic and Relationship The research shows that awarding while working was very challenging Leader in the School of Nursing. a fail grade to a failing student is at times, however throughout the She brings to her position 30 years not as straightforward a matter whole process I remained committed of experience in nurse education in as it may appear at first. “Clinical to the original motivation for my New Zealand, the UK and overseas, educators often found themselves study.” Now that she has completed including three years in Nepal. She caught between their professional her thesis Sally is looking forward has a Master of Education (Health nursing duty to protect the safety of to opportunities to address the Education/Promotion) and a Master future patients and their desire to issues it identifies. In particular she of Science in Medical Science, and in see their students succeed,” says notes a need for better preparation 2015 Sally completed her Educational Sally. She describes this position as of nurse educators to educate Doctorate from Massey University. being caught between two worlds: and assess nursing students, Sally’s thesis explored the experience the nursing world and the education and for a standardised, national of clinical assessment and why world. “My study revealed tensions clinical assessment tool. As she assessors neglect to award a fail for participants between being-in the explains: “the ambiguity of clinical grade to nursing students who do world-of-nursing as well as being-in assessment tools, especially the not meet safety and skill standards the world-of-education. Less than use of competencies, and the lack of during clinical placements in their half the participants had not failed a progression creates challenges for degree studies. It was inspired by nursing student in clinical practice, assessors.” Sally also advocates that her commitment to ensuring safe despite having concerns about their all student nurses be registered with patient care through the rigorous safety to practice.” the Nursing Council, the professional assessment of nursing students. “I Sally carried out her doctoral regulatory organisation in New use the analogy of airline pilots,” studies while working full-time in Zealand. “This happens in other Sally says. “None of us would fly in the School of Nursing. “I began my countries including Australia, South an aeroplane with a pilot who had doctorate very soon after I arrived Africa and Ireland, and introducing a just barely passed flight training. in New Zealand from the UK,” she similar system here would increase The same applies to nurses; the shares. “The experience of studying the accountability of students to the public has to be able to trust that the professional body.” assessment process ensures that they are being treated by safe and fully competent nurses.” Fourteen clinical nurse educators employed within three New Zealand polytechnics were interviewed about their experiences of educating and assessing nursing students’ clinical practice. Sally analysed the interviews for key themes using Heideggerian Interpretive Phenomenology. “Martin Heidegger’s phenomenological concept of Being- in-the-world provided a highly appropriate analytical framework for this research,” she explains. “It allows for the researcher as involved in the world even while analysing it. I was researching an area in which I was already intimately engaged and involved, and this was recognised in my methodology.”

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 48 Lucy Prinsloo School of Nursing Faculty of Health, Humanities & Computing

ENROLLED NURSING IN NEW ZEALAND: WHAT’S IN A NAME?

The professional position of enrolled nurses has been through many changes since it was introduced in 1939, and was even disestablished at one point. Nurse educator Lucy Prinsloo drew on her research into the social and political factors influencing changes to enrolled nursing when she joined a panel of experts to discuss the future of the role.

A nurse educator in the Southern status of enrolled nurses. Lucy provide. Under their scope of Institute of Technology School of was also part of a national group practice enrolled nurses can work in Nursing, Lucy recently completed developing the new Enrolled Nursing a team of health care professionals a Masters in Nursing from Eastern curriculum and the re-development under the direction of registered Institute of Technology that analysed of the educational programme, and nurses to deliver nursing care and the social and political factors she was a member of the Targeted health education. “Coming from influencing changes to the profession Review of Qualifications (TROQ) South Africa, where enrolled nurses of enrolled nursing in New Zealand. workshop. are fully utilised in all aspects of Lucy’s research is highly topical There are three levels of nurses in nursing health care, I was surprised given recent changes to the scope of New Zealand: nurse practitioners, to find that in New Zealand the practice of enrolled nurses and the registered nurses and enrolled role is not fully appreciated,” Lucy introduction of a programme by the nurses, each with a different says. “There is a widely-held view Southern District Health Board to specified scope of practice setting that enrolled nursing is at the support and improve the professional out the health services they can bottom of the professional ladder,

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Lucy Prinsloo 49 School of Nursing [email protected]

well below the status of registered discourse has also had an important nurses.” Registered nurses often role in shaping the history of the feel threatened by the idea of losing profession, at times undermining employment positions to enrolled the self-esteem of enrolled nurses. nurses, especially as recent changes Lastly she states that “I recognised a to the scope of practice have ‘justice discourse’ that acknowledges eliminated previous restrictions the support that the New Zealand on the areas of health care where Nurses Organisation has given enrolled nurses can work. enrolled nurses through the legal A passion for the education of processes around title change and enrolled nurses and her belief in increased scope of practice and the value of their role in health care professional status within the health inspired Lucy’s research into the workforce of New Zealand.” complex history of the position. “I At the NZNO Enrolled Nurse wanted to understand the roots Conference in Wellington in June of the pessimism around enrolled 2015 Lucy was able to draw on her nurses,” she explains. “My research findings to contribute to a greater allowed me to identify links between appreciation of the role enrolled social and political changes that have nurses play in the health care influenced the nursing profession.” environment in New Zealand. She She utilised critical discourse was an invited panellist, joining analysis to explore the changes to the Associate Minister of Health enrolled nursing in New Zealand and the Honourable Peter Dunne and to identify specific indicators that national nursing experts, to share have contributed to fluctuating roles her experience of a programme to within the health care team. support enrolled nurses into practice I wanted to Lucy identifies three main discourses as implemented in the Southern around enrolled nursing, the first of region. “I was able to sum up what understand which she calls the ‘social discourse’, had worked well with the programme where the trustworthiness and and how this positive approach could the roots of competence of enrolled nurses as a be implemented nationally,” Lucy the pessimism whole have been judged adversely on explains. “I was also able to express ‘ the basis of isolated events in specific my strong support for enrolled situations and settings. A second nursing. I always tell my students around enrolled discourse that emerges is around that they need to be proud of what ‘safety’ where the language focuses they are able to achieve as the best nurses. My on the enrolled nurse as second-tier enrolled nurses they can be.” professional of lesser ability, and this research allowed me to identify links between social and political changes that have influenced the nursing profession. Members of the discussion panel at the New Zealand Nurses Organisation Enrolled Nurse Conference, Wellington, June 2015, from left to right: Associate Health Minister Hon Peter Dunne, Marilyn Head (NZNO advisor), Wendy Scott (Whitireia New Zealand), Andrea McCance (Waikato District Health Board) and Lucy Prinsloo (Nurse educator, Southern Institute of Technology).

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 50 Johanna Rhodes, Andrea Knowler, Murray Strathearn, Karyn Madden and Mary McMillan School of Nursing Faculty of Health, Humanities and Computing

MASK-ED™, AUTOETHNOGRAPHY AND TEACHING

A group of Southern Institute of Technology nursing educators came together in 2015 to carry out a collaborative research project inspired by their shared interest in simulation as a good practice teaching tool. After three of the educators attended a two day workshop in September 2014 with Professor Kerry Reid-Searle related to Mask-Ed (KRS Simulation)™, the group formed a research hub consisting of three masked educators and two non-masked educators. Mask-Ed™ is the practice of an educator or health care professional wearing a realistic silicone mask and other body props and working with students as a patient. This experience sparked their desire to bring Mask-Ed into the School of Nursing, and they decided to take an autoethnographic approach to its implementation.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Jo Rhodes 51 School of Nursing [email protected]

“Mask-Ed™ does more than evolving way.” The group sees Mask- Some of the themes that have navigating the space between Ed™ as being a welcome addition emerged from the data gathered so teaching and clinical reality,” says to the nursing classroom. “It gives far include issues of vulnerability and Murray. “It inhabits a corridor students the opportunity to develop strong personal connection to the between clinical realism and communication and clinical skills in Mask Ed™ characters that the team teaching from within a classroom.” a realistic environment,” suggests portray. “We share a real passion One of the issues with previously Karyn. While Mask-Ed™ will not and sense of responsibility for our used methods of teaching clinical replace manikins in the classroom, characters,” says Mary, whose practice using manikins was that the it offers increased interaction and persona is a man called Wallace who students felt very clearly that they engagement. At the same time suffers from gout, benign prostatic were working with a fake patient. the use of manikins remains an hypertrophy and type 2 diabetes. “My experience has been that many important part of simulation at “The themes that transpired from student learners simply do not take Southern Institute of Technology. our thematic analysis included working with a manikin in a serious The research focus for this group vulnerability, the responsibility and manner,” Murray continues. “Some of educators was on how they, as passion we have for our characters, students find it embarrassing and teaching staff and as individuals, the value of Interprofessional awkward interacting with them. navigated their way through the first Education (IPE), and a healthy Students tell me they cannot have year of introducing their Mask-Ed™ scepticism from colleagues.” a meaningful conversation with a personas to the students at Southern The group has presented findings manikin.” The difference between Institute of Technology, and the from this innovative study at a number Mask-Ed™ and other forms of consequent effects in the classroom. of conferences in New Zealand, simulation teaching is that the “Autoethnography was chosen as and published a range of articles. educator wearing the silicone mask the framework because it gave us There are further publications and becomes the character he or she is a chance to explore our individual conference presentations planned portraying. “The educator acts in a journeys and enabled the process for 2016, and in 2017 the research dual role; they become a character of self-exploration,” says Andrea. project will culminate in a published with a rich and vibrant history Autoethnography as a research monograph which explores the many that enables them to interact with method has appeared in the literature themes that are emerging from the student nurses in a realistic for more than 20 years. It enables a their self-discovery and reflection manner,” explains Jo. “The educator highly personalised approach to the processes. leads and directs the learning study of a phenomenon, and relies on experience in a spontaneous and personal narratives of lived stories.

Andrea Knowler, Johanna Rhodes and Mary McMillan in their characters Murray Strathearn, Karyn Madden and their friends

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 52 Reen Skaria School of Nursing Faculty of Health, Humanities and Computing

EXPERIENCES OF OVERSEAS NURSE EDUCATORS

Nurse educator Reen Skaria is researching the experiences of nurse educators coming from overseas to teach in schools of nursing in New Zealand. She shared some of her findings at the Australasian Nurse Educators Conference in Auckland in 2015.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology Contact Reen Skaria 53 School of Nursing [email protected]

My findings show that there needs to be a much greater emphasis on ensuring newly arrived educators have the basic information ‘they need, including seemingly obvious things such as how staff access library resources or the ways in which secondary and tertiary education are interconnected.

Reen is a nurse educator in the more nurse educators who have While most of those she interviewed School of Nursing. She has a Masters been trained overseas,’ Reen says. praised New Zealand as a place to in Nursing from the University of Her own experience of coming from live, they shared similar stories of Manipal Academy of Higher Education outside of New Zealand to teach the cultural confusion, mistakes and and brings extensive experience in at SIT School of Nursing provided disorientation they had experienced nursing and education to her role the initial impetus for her research at work especially in the first months at Southern Institute of Technology. into the experiences of overseas of teaching. “Another suggestion is As part of her studies towards her educators. “The challenges I faced that institutes organise mentors to Doctor of Education degree Reen were akin to those I heard about support newly appointed overseas is investigating the experiences of from colleagues who had also made educators through the orientation overseas nurse educators teaching a similar journey,” she explains. “I and settling-in period. The mentor in New Zealand nursing schools. Her wanted to explore those migrant would be someone whom the research is based on in-depth, semi- experiences more and see whether new staff felt they could go to for structured interviews she has carried there were initiatives institutes information on a whole range of out with overseas nurse educators could put in place to help make issues.” working in tertiary institutes around the transition process easier for Reen asked her participants to New Zealand. overseas teaching staff.” share the advice they would give As part of the ongoing globalisation of The overseas educators she future nurse educators coming to skills, New Zealand tertiary institutes interviewed have identified a need for teach in New Zealand’s tertiary are welcoming an increasing number an orientation programme that would institutes. “I received a whole of nurse educators from around the make clear the expectations about range of information, from how world. “New Zealand is experiencing their roles and provide information to behave at social gatherings to an increasingly pressing shortage on the essential aspects for their day the need to adopt local teaching of nurses,” says Reen. As she to day work as educators. “Existing methods in the classroom as quickly explains, this situation is likely to staff members often have a high as possible,” she says. Reen is grow more urgent as the population level of assumed knowledge among passionate about making others in general ages, as well as the overseas nurse educators about aware of the experiences of these nursing workforce itself. “Currently how things operate in New Zealand overseas educators. “I hope the more than 40% of registered nurses tertiary institutes,” Reen points out. results of this research can be used are over 50 years old, which will put “My findings show that there needs to assist myself and other overseas increasing pressure on the number of to be a much greater emphasis on nurse educators to reflect on their experienced nurses in the workforce. ensuring newly arrived educators teaching practice and how that can In addition the ratio of nurses to have the basic information they need, be used to enhance the New Zealand total population is also predicted to including seemingly obvious things teaching environment,” she says. decline if nursing numbers are not such as how staff access library “The research has also given me a increased.” resources or the ways in which greater understanding of the feelings The demand for registered nurses secondary and tertiary education and issues experienced by overseas will require more nurse educators are interconnected.” Her research nurse educators, and I hope that this to train them. “In order to meet also highlights concerns around understanding can be applied to the teaching demand, New Zealand understanding New Zealand’s formation of policies and practices to tertiary institutes are employing bicultural society and how that is improve their experiences and their reflected in the education system. teaching within my school and at other institutes.”

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 54 Debora Anderson Contact Debora Anderson School of Nursing School of Nursing Faculty of Health, Humanities and Computing [email protected]

THE PHYSICAL HEALTH OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES

People with mental illnesses have a higher risk of physical health problems and earlier deaths than the general population. Nurse educator Debora Anderson surveyed mental health nurses’ attitudes about the physical health of their patients.

Debora teaches in the School of Nursing and holds a Master of Nursing. Her interest in the physical health of mental health patients was inspired by her own observations while working in the mental health field. “I observed common and complex disease processes occurring among patients but found that addressing these issues was not viewed as a mental health nurse’s role,” she says. In New Zealand and internationally the gap in mortality between the general population and those with mental illnesses is widening. “I wanted to learn what the nurses know about the problem and what they think should be done.” While concerns about comorbidity in mental health patients are common internationally, it has not been explored widely in New Zealand. Debora’s research replicated an Australian study by Dr Brenda Happell of Queensland University, Australia, and surveyed nurses working in a New Zealand District Health Board. As Debora describes: “I was seeking the opinions of organisational factors contribute to June. Nurses and patient advocates mental health nurses on the physical a lack of physical health assessment from Australia and New Zealand illnesses that mental health patients and intervention in patients’ attended. There was considerable experience, as well as organisational comorbidities, even by experienced interest in Debora’s paper as the factors affecting their activities.” mental health nurses. “Overall, my physical health of patients was one She also asked nurses what training findings correspond fairly similarly of the conference themes. “There they considered that they needed in to the Australian study,” Debora were plenty of questions and this area. says. She recommends that more discussion,” she says. “There was transparent direction and guidance Debora’s findings draw on a sample also some dismay expressed at the from mental health services be given of 39 nurses who shared their views results of the survey indicating that to nurses. on a range of issues on practice and nurses need clearer directions on responsibilities. Her research shows Debora presented to the local District their responsibilities, and support to high levels of uncertainty about roles Health Board staff earlier this year improve patient outcomes.” Debora and responsibilities from nurses on three occasions and at the New plans to publish her findings in the toward mental health patients. Zealand College of Mental Health coming year. She found that both attitudinal and Nurses Conference, Wellington, in

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 55 STAFF RESEARCH OUTPUTS 2015

Published Papers and Articles

Belton, P. (2015). Arthur Invercargill, Southland, quantitative descriptive Dove’s blackbird. Landfall, New Zealand. In T. McMillan, M. (2015, May/ research study. Kai Tiaki 229, 78. Karjalainen & K. Kärki June). Nurses: NZNO Nursing Research, 6, 10-15. (Eds.) Proceedings of mental health nurses the Modern Heavy Metal: Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015, section AGM & education Rhodes, J. (2015, March). Markets, Practices and April). The APO Summer forum. Head2Head – Advancing clinical Cultures International School, Tune Me In, 10 (1), Magazine of the NZNO emergency care – offering Academic Research 21. Mental Health Nurses postgraduate educational Conference 2015. Retrieved Section, 28, 7-8. opportunities in the south. from http://iipc.utu.fi/MHM/ Emergency Nurse New Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015, Heath.pdf Zealand, 6-7. July). From the Invercargill Mumford, J. (2015). March to William Tell: ideas Teaching and learning Laverty, L. & McKenzie, for using instrumental perspectives on numbers Rhodes, J., & Reid-Searl, K. D. (2015). Perceptions music in early childhood. systems within a first (2015). Masked tutor brings and patterns of physical Tune Me In, 10 (2), 22-23. year tertiary IT course. patient to ‘life’. Kai Tiaki activity amongst Southland In M. Verhaart, A. Nursing New Zealand, 21, women during pregnancy. Sarkar, R. Tomlinson 14-15. Finno, C.J., Stevens, C., In H. Longman (Ed.) & E. Erturk (Eds). 6th Young, A., Affolter, V., Special edition 2015: an Annual Conference of Joshi, N.A., Ramsay, S. exposition of staff-student Computing and Information Roberts, D. & Wolfe, & Bannasch, D. (2015). research projects 2012 – Technology Research and H.B. (2015). Cybercrime SERPINB11 frameshift 2014, Southern Institute Education New Zealand concerns and readiness for variant associated with of Technology Journal (CITRENZ2015) and the New Zealand businesses novel hoof specific of Applied Research, 28th Annual Conference 2014-2015. In M. Verhaart, phenotype in Connemara 10-14. Retrieved from of the National Advisory A. Sarkar, R. Tomlinson ponies. PLOS Genetics, https://www.sit.ac.nz/ Committee on Computing & E. Erturk (Eds). 6th 11(4), 1-17 doi:10.1371/ SITJAR#3101190-special- Qualifications, 74-79. Annual Conference of journal.pgen.1005122. edition-2015-an-exposition- Queenstown, New Zealand. Computing and Information of-staff- student-research- Retrieved from http:// Technology Research and projects-2012--2014 Education New Zealand Fisher, J. & van Niekerk, www.citrenz.ac.nz/2015- (CITRENZ2015) and the E. (2015). GIS food shed proceedings/ 28th Annual Conference mapping: a planning tool for McCully, K. (2015). Under of the National Advisory Invercargill. In H. Longman the spell. Landfall, 230, Paul, Y. & Pienaar, H. Committee on Computing (Ed.) Special edition 2015: 189-191. (2015). Strategies to Qualifications, 88-93. an exposition of staff- encourage Maori to “aukati Queenstown, New Zealand. student research projects McMillan, M. (2015, May/ kai paipa” (quit smoking). Retrieved from http:// 2012 – 2014, Southern June). Nurses: Champions In H. Longman (Ed.) www.citrenz.ac.nz/2015- Institute of Technology for change. Head2Head Special edition 2015: an proceedings/ Journal of Applied – Magazine of the NZNO exposition of staff-student Research, 5-9. Retrieved Mental Health Nurses research projects 2012 – from https://www.sit.ac.nz/ Section, 28, 4. 2014, Southern Institute SITJAR#3101190-special- of Technology Journal edition-2015-an-exposition- of Applied Research, of-staff- student-research- McMillan, M. (2015, May/ 19-25. Retrieved from projects-2012--2014 June). Clinical college https://www.sit.ac.nz/ of NZNO mental health SITJAR#3101190-special- nursing logo. Head2Head Heath, D. (2015). Heavy edition-2015-an-exposition- – Magazine of the NZNO metal from the Antarctic of-staff- student-research- Mental Health Nurses ends of the earth: projects-2012--2014 Section, 28, 6. Investigating the metal Rhodes, J. (2015). Using music identity from PeerWise in nursing education-a replicated

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 56

Edited Publications Books and Reports Exhibitions

Schares, A. & Bodkin- Bodkin-Allen, S. (Ed.). Daniels, P., Ramsay, McCully, K. (2015). a Allen, S. (2015). Singing (2015, April). Tune Me In, W. R. H., & Daniels, C. southland museum. together: Guidelines for 10 (1). (2015). New research Invercargill, New Zealand: setting up a community into the potteries of West ILT Art Awards, 1 August - 4 choir. In H. Longman (Ed.) Cumberland following the September. Bodkin-Allen, S. (Ed.). Special edition 2015: an discovery of a Whitehaven (2015, July). Tune Me In, exposition of staff-student creamware ship bowl 10 (2). McCully, K. (2015). a research projects 2012 – inscribed success to the southland museum. 2014, Southern Institute Mary and Betty/Captain Invercargill, New Zealand: of Technology Journal Bodkin-Allen, S. (Ed.). Joseph Benn. Oxford, Windsor North School Art of Applied Research, (2015, November). Tune Me United Kingdom: Resurgat Sale and Exhibition, 7 - 8 15-18. Retrieved from In, 10 (3). Publishing. Nov 2015. https://www.sit.ac.nz/ SITJAR#3101190-special- Hoffman, J. (Ed). (2015). Heath, D. (2015). Acoustical edition-2015-an-exposition- Miles, K. (2015). Island. National Tertiary Learning consultation (Beattie of-staff- student-research- Dunedin, New Zealand: and Teaching Conference McDowell Architects projects-2012--2014 Alternative Space Gallery, 2014 proceedings (special Ltd): Salvation Army Hall Webb Farry Lawyers, 2 edition, Southern Institute Redevelopment Project. February - 28 April. Smith, J. (2015, First of Technology Journal Invercargill, New Zealand. Quarter). Massage therapy of Applied Research). research update. Massage Retrieved from https://www. Myers, R. (2015). The Heath, D. (2015). Acoustical New Zealand Magazine sit.ac.nz/SITJAR#3101148- subject is in her house. consultation (A. Panet (April 2015). 2014-national-tertiary- Dunedin, New Zealand: Resource Consent teaching-and- learning- Dunedin Public Art Gallery, Application): theoretical conference-special-edition 6 November - 13 December. Smith, J. (2015, Second assessment of sound Quarter). Massage therapy prediction measurements research update. Massage Longman, H. (Ed.) (2015). for proposed event venue. New Zealand Magazine Special edition 2015: Invercargill, New Zealand. (June 2015). an exposition of staff- Performance student research projects Ramsay, W. R. H., Daniels, 2012 – 2014, Southern Smith, J. (2015, Third P., & Ramsay, E. G. (2015). Institute of Technology Quarter). Massage therapy Are ‘Limehouse’ porcelains Sagmyr, J. [Technical Journal of Applied research update. Massage in fact all Limehouse? director]. (2015). Selah Research. Retrieved from New Zealand Magazine Evidence from archaeology, Singer Songwriter Concert. https://www.sit.ac.nz/ (September 2015). science, and historical Invercargill, New Zealand. SITJAR#3101190-special- documents. Oxford, edition-2015-an-exposition- United Kingdom: Resurgat Smith, J. & Smith, D. (2015, of-staff- student-research- Skerrett, P. [Musical Publishing. Fourth Quarter). Massage projects-2012--2014 director]. (2015). ILT therapy research update. Christmas Variety Show. Massage New Zealand Whittle, J., & Bodkin-Allen, Invercargill, New Zealand. McMillan, M. (Ed.). (2015, Magazine (December 2015). S. (2015). Southern Institute May/June). Head2Head of Technology: research – Magazine of the NZNO report 2014. Southern Woodward, L. & Tan, Mental Health Nurses Institute of Technology. L. M. (2015). Small Section, 28. Invercargill, New Zealand. business owners’ attitudes toward GST compliance: a preliminary study. Whittle, J., Bodkin- Australian Tax Forum, 30 Allen, S., & Hoffman, (3), 517-549. J. (2015). ITP sector collaboration practices project. Invercargill, New Zealand: Southern Institute of Technology Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.sit.ac.nz/ Reports-Publications

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 57

Creative Outputs Conference Presentations

Belton, P. (2015). Anderson, D. (2015). Mental Dobbs, S. (2015). Caring Madden, K., Rhodes, J., Poetry by Peter Belton. health nurses’ views on the for the nursing student McMillan, M., Knowler, A., Retrieved from http:// physical health of people or caring for the & Strathearn, M. (2015). www.poetlaureate.org. with mental illnesses. public: A Heideggerian Mask-Ed, Pup-Ed, and nz/2015/05/peter-belton. Presentation at Te Ao phenomenological study simulators down under: html Maramatanga College of into the clinical nurse An autoethnographic Mental Health Nurses educators’ dilemma of study. Presentation to Conference, Te Papa failing nursing students New Zealand Perioperative Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015). Museum, Wellington, New in clinical practice. Conference – Reflection and Meadow’s lullaby for Zealand. Presentation at the Action. Palmerston North, cornet and piano [Musical International Council of New Zealand. composition]. Retrieved Nurses Conference, Seoul, from http://sounz.org.nz/ Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015). Korea. Classical music for early Mumford, J. (2015). childhood. Workshop Teaching and learning Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015). The presented at the MENZA Heath, D. (2015). Heavy perspectives on numbers bickering sisters, duet for 2 Hook into Sound metal from the Antarctic systems within a first cornets and piano [Musical Professional Development ends of the earth: year tertiary IT course. composition]. Retrieved Day, Invercargill. Investigating the metal Presentation at the 6th from http://sounz.org.nz/ music identity from Annual Conference of Invercargill, Southland, Computing and Information Bodkin-Allen, S. & Carson, Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015). New Zealand. Presentation Technology Research and T. (2015). Sing with your Hooray for the man who at Modern Heavy Metal: Education New Zealand hands with hook, line and has everything for tenor Markets, Practices and (CITRENZ2015) and the singalong songs. Workshop saxophone and piano Cultures International 28th Annual Conference presented at “Making Music [Musical composition]. Academic Research of the National Advisory Matter”, the TRCC MENZA Retrieved from http://sounz. Conference, in Helsinki, Committee on Computing Conference, Auckland, New org.nz/ Finland. Qualifications, Queenstown, Zealand. New Zealand. Mann, R. & McCully, K. McClelland, T. (2015). Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015). (2015). Gilt complex. [Short Delivering TVET Myers, R. (2015). Being Bringing classical music film]. Rialto Channel 48 qualifications in an online made, performing into the early childhood Hours Film Competition environment. Presentation disciplining bodies. centre. Workshop Entry. at the World TVET Presentation at the Art & presented at “Making Music Conference, Sarawak, Performance Research Matter”, the TRCC MENZA Malaysia. Group, Auckland University Mann, R. (2015). Slight. Conference, Auckland, New of Technology, Auckland, [Short film]. Tropfest New Zealand. New Zealand. Zealand Film Entry. McClelland, T. (2015). Quantum leap: Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015). transformation and Palliser, A. (2015). Mixing it up: Student globalisation of Technical Comparing building engagement in the Vocational Education and adaptive capacity for natural School of Music at SIT. Training (TVET) – living resource management Presentation at “Surfing the skills in the 21st century. in two New Zealand Zeitgeist”- Australia New Invited Panellist, World marine protected areas. Zealand Research in Music TVET Conference, Sarawak, Presentation at the MARE Education (ANZARME) Malaysia. Conference: People and Conference, Melbourne, the Sea VIII: Geopolitics of Australia. the Oceans, Amsterdam, McCully, K. (2015, Netherlands. May). The value of not Botafogo, F. (2015). knowing. Presentation at Double-entry bookkeeping: the Museums Aotearoa Prinsloo, L. (2015). What The introductory Conference, Dunedin, New influenced changes to lecture. Presentation Zealand. enrolled nursing in New at the Whitireia / Weltec Zealand. Presentation Research Symposium, Te at “Love the Skin You’re Kura Matatini o Whitireia, In”, NZNO Enrolled Nurse Porirua, New Zealand. Conference, Wellington, New Zealand.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 58

Reviews

Prinsloo, L. (2015). ENSIPP Ramsay, W. R. H. & Smith, D.M. & Smith, McMillan, M. (2015, May/ (Enrolled Nurse Supported Ramsay, E. G. (2015). The J.M. (2015). A conceptual June). Violence is not part Into Practice Programme) evolution and technical model: stepping towards of our job – article review. document discussion panel. development of the English legitimation for massage Head2Head – Magazine of Invited Panelist, “Love porcelain tradition from therapists. Presentation the NZNO Mental Health the Skin You’re In”, NZNO the 16th century to Lund’s at Massage New Zealand Nurses Section, 28, 9. Enrolled Nurse Conference, Bristol c. 1750 and early Conference, Tauranga, New Wellington, New Zealand. Worcester c. 1752 - the Zealand. Mitchell, K. (2014). An golden chain. Invited empty tent flapping in the speaker, Royal Society, Rhodes, J. (2015). Learning Smith, D.M. & Smith, J.M. wind. Landfall Review Kensington Town Hall, is not a spectator sport: (2015). Degree-based online: New Zealand books London, United Kingdom. using board games and education for massage in review. Retrieved from television shows to ignite therapists: a survey of http://www.landfallreview. learners’ senses. Poster Sagmyr, J. (2015). educators, therapists and com/2014/08/an-empty- presentation at the Songwriting technical students. Presentation tent-flapping-in-wind.html Australian Nurse Educators skills. Presentation at the at Massage New Zealand Conference – Being, Selah Singer Songwriter Conference, Tauranga, New Knowing, Caring. Auckland, Conference, Invercargill, Zealand. New Zealand. New Zealand. Smith, D.M. & Smith, J.M. Rhodes, J., Madden, K., Sagmyr, J. (2015). Instant (2015). So you want to Knowler, A., McMillan, M., coffee: songwriting on the be a health professional? & Strathearn, M. (2015). go. Workshop presented at Presentation at Massage Mask-Ed, Pup-Ed, and “Making Music Matter”, the New Zealand Conference, simulators down under: TRCC MENZA Conference, Tauranga, New Zealand. An autoethnographic Auckland, New Zealand. study. Presentation at Woodward, L. (2015). the Australasian Nurse Skaria, R. (2015). Small business owners’ Educators Conference– Experiences of overseas attitudes toward GST Being, Knowing, Caring. nurse educators. compliance: a preliminary Auckland, New Zealand. Presentation at Australian study. Presentation to Nurse Educators Australasian Tax Teachers Rhodes, J., McMillan, M., Conference – Being, Association Conference, Knowler, A., Madden, K., Knowing, Caring. Auckland, Adelaide, Australia. & Strathearn, M. (2015). New Zealand. Mask-Ed, Pup-Ed, and simulators down under: Smith, J.M. (2015). An an autoethnographic overview of recent research. study. Presentation at Presentation at Massage the New Zealand Nurses New Zealand Conference, Organisation (NZNO) Tauranga, New Zealand. Conference – Shaping our Healthcare. September, Wellington, New Zealand. Smith, J.M. (2015). Resources for helping massage therapists engage Roberts, D. & Wolfe, with current research. H.B. (2015). Cybercrime Presentation at Massage concerns and readiness for New Zealand Conference, New Zealand businesses Tauranga, New Zealand. 2014-2015. Presentation at the 6th Annual Conference of Computing and Smith, J.M. (2015). Information Technology Snapshots of 2014 New Research and Education Zealand research studies. New Zealand (CITRENZ Presentation at Massage 2015) and the 28th Annual New Zealand Conference, Conference of the National Tauranga, New Zealand. Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology 59

Public Talks Postgraduate Theses

Bodkin-Allen, S. (2015). Musika, F.A.A. (2015). Self- Anderson, D. (2015). Mental Everyone can sing! Pecha Branding. Presentation at health nurses’ views on Kucha Presentation SouthAlive Youth Training the physical health of Southland Arts Festival. Development Programme. people with mental illness. 1 May 2015, Little Invercargill, New Zealand. (Master’s thesis). Theatre, Gore and 2 May 2015, Repertory House. Rhodes, J. (2015). Dobbs, S. (2015). When Invercargill, New Zealand. Breaking down two worlds collide: a educational silos – nursing Heideggerian interpretive Carstensen, C. (2015). students and doctors phenomenological study Allergies: The experience of learning and teaching into the experience of raising a child with severe together. Presentation assessing “failing” nursing allergies. Presentation to to the Southland Staff students within clinical Southern DHB Research Development Workshop practice. (Doctoral Forum: Nursing and – fostering passionate thesis). Massey University, Midwifery. Invercargill, New teaching & encouraging Palmerston North, New Zealand. research. Southland Zealand. Hospital, Invercargill, New Zealand. Knowler, A. (2015). Mann, R. (2015). Southern Introducing Pup Ed™ youth: Evoking southern to the Children’s Strathearn, M. (2015). teenage identify through Ward. Presentation to Men’s wellness, a proactive character design for Children’s Ward Study day. approach. Presentation animation. (Master’s Invercargill, New Zealand. to Male Mental Health thesis). Massey University, Consumers. Invercargill, Palmerston North, New New Zealand. Zealand. McCully, K. (2015). Performing the DIY Museum. Pecha Kucha Palliser, A. (2015). Building Presentation Southland adaptive capacity for natural Arts Festival. 1 May 2015, resource management Little Theatre, Gore and 2 in Akaroa coastal May 2015, Repertory House. environment, New Zealand. Invercargill, New Zealand. (Doctoral thesis). University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. McCully, K. (2015). Soft city: The animation of cultural scenes. Presentation Prinsloo, L. (2015). What at Pecha Kucha Innov8. influenced changes to Invercargill, New Zealand. enrolled nursing in New Zealand? (Master’s thesis). Eastern Institute McCully, K. (2015). A of Technology, Napier, New Southland museum. Public Zealand. talk at ILT Art Awards. Southern Institute of Technology, Invercargill, Smith, D. (2015). New Zealand. Perceptions of degree based education for massage therapists. Musika, F.A.A (2015). Club (Doctoral thesis). University marketing strategies. of Otago, Dunedin, New Presentation at Invercargill Zealand. Rotary Marketing Workshop. Invercargill Working Men’s Club, Invercargill, New Zealand.

Research Report 2015 | Southern Institute of Technology