Application Binary Interface for the ARM Architecture
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Modern Programming Languages CS508 Virtual University of Pakistan
Modern Programming Languages (CS508) VU Modern Programming Languages CS508 Virtual University of Pakistan Leaders in Education Technology 1 © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan Modern Programming Languages (CS508) VU TABLE of CONTENTS Course Objectives...........................................................................................................................4 Introduction and Historical Background (Lecture 1-8)..............................................................5 Language Evaluation Criterion.....................................................................................................6 Language Evaluation Criterion...................................................................................................15 An Introduction to SNOBOL (Lecture 9-12).............................................................................32 Ada Programming Language: An Introduction (Lecture 13-17).............................................45 LISP Programming Language: An Introduction (Lecture 18-21)...........................................63 PROLOG - Programming in Logic (Lecture 22-26) .................................................................77 Java Programming Language (Lecture 27-30)..........................................................................92 C# Programming Language (Lecture 31-34) ...........................................................................111 PHP – Personal Home Page PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (Lecture 35-37)........................129 Modern Programming Languages-JavaScript -
About ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference
IBM i 7.3 Programming IBM Rational Development Studio for i ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference IBM SC09-4816-07 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 121. This edition applies to IBM® Rational® Development Studio for i (product number 5770-WDS) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. This version does not run on all reduced instruction set computer (RISC) models nor does it run on CISC models. This document may contain references to Licensed Internal Code. Licensed Internal Code is Machine Code and is licensed to you under the terms of the IBM License Agreement for Machine Code. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1993, 2015. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference............................................................................... 1 What is new for IBM i 7.3.............................................................................................................................3 PDF file for ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference.................................................................................................5 About ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference......................................................................................................... 7 Prerequisite and Related Information.................................................................................................. -
Technical Study Desktop Internationalization
Technical Study Desktop Internationalization NIC CH A E L T S T U D Y [This page intentionally left blank] X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Company Ltd. December 1995, X/Open Company Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Document Number: E501 Published by X/Open Company Ltd., U.K. Any comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to X/Open at: X/Open Company Limited Apex Plaza Forbury Road Reading Berkshire, RG1 1AX United Kingdom or by Electronic Mail to: [email protected] ii X/Open Technical Study (1995) Contents Chapter 1 Internationalisation.............................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Character Sets and Encodings.................................................................. 2 1.3 The C Programming Language................................................................ 5 1.4 Internationalisation Support in POSIX .................................................. 6 1.5 Internationalisation Support in the X/Open CAE............................... 7 1.5.1 XPG4 Facilities......................................................................................... -
Unix Standardization and Implementation
Contents 1. Preface/Introduction 2. Standardization and Implementation 3. File I/O 4. Standard I/O Library 5. Files and Directories 6. System Data Files and Information 7. Environment of a Unix Process 8. Process Control 9. Signals 10.Inter-process Communication * All rights reserved, Tei-Wei Kuo, National Taiwan University, 2003. Standardization and Implementation Why Standardization? Proliferation of UNIX versions What should be done? The specifications of limits that each implementation must define! * All rights reserved, Tei-Wei Kuo, National Taiwan University, 2003. 1 UNIX Standardization ANSI C American National Standards Institute ISO/IEC 9899:1990 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Syntax/Semantics of C, a standard library Purpose: Provide portability of conforming C programs to a wide variety of OS’s. 15 areas: Fig 2.1 – Page 27 * All rights reserved, Tei-Wei Kuo, National Taiwan University, 2003. UNIX Standardization ANSIC C <assert.h> - verify program assertion <ctype.h> - char types <errno.h> - error codes <float.h> - float point constants <limits.h> - implementation constants <locale.h> - locale catalogs <math.h> - mathematical constants <setjmp.h> - nonlocal goto <signal.h> - signals <stdarg.h> - variable argument lists <stddef.h> - standard definitions <stdio.h> - standard library <stdlib.h> - utilities functions <string.h> - string operations <time.h> - time and date * All rights reserved, Tei-Wei Kuo, National Taiwan University, 2003. 2 UNIX Standardization POSIX.1 (Portable Operating System Interface) developed by IEEE Not restricted for Unix-like systems and no distinction for system calls and library functions Originally IEEE Standard 1003.1-1988 1003.2: shells and utilities, 1003.7: system administrator, > 15 other communities Published as IEEE std 1003.1-1990, ISO/IEC9945-1:1990 New: the inclusion of symbolic links No superuser notion * All rights reserved, Tei-Wei Kuo, National Taiwan University, 2003. -
Report Received March 2006
2005 was a busy year for me as of POSIX was published (the the USENIX standards represen- Shell and Utilities volume), and tative. There are three major it became a second ISO standard. NICHOLAS M. STOUGHTON standards that I watch carefully: Amendments to these standards I POSIX, which also incorpo- were also under development, USENIX rates the Single UNIX Specifi- and led to the addition of real- cation time interfaces, including Standards I ISO-C pthreads, to the core system call I The Linux Standard Base (LSB) set. Many of the other projects Activities died away as the people involved In order to do that, USENIX lost interest or hit political road- funds my participation in the blocks (most of which were Nick is the USENIX Standards committees that develop and reported in ;login: at the time). Liaison and represents the maintain these standards. Association in the POSIX, ISO C, Throughout 2005, the Free Until the end of the twentieth and LSB working groups. He is century, POSIX was developed the ISO organizational repre- Standards Group (FSG) also sentative to the Austin Group, helped fund these activities. For and maintained by IEEE exclu- a member of INCITS commit- each of these, let’s look at the his- sively. At the same time, the tees J11 and CT22, and the Open Group (also known as Specification Authority sub- tory of the standards, then at group leader for the LSB. what has happened over the past X/Open) had an entirely separate but 100% overlapping standard, [email protected] 12 months or so, and, finally, what is on the agenda for this known as the Single UNIX year. -
IT Acronyms.Docx
List of computing and IT abbreviations /.—Slashdot 1GL—First-Generation Programming Language 1NF—First Normal Form 10B2—10BASE-2 10B5—10BASE-5 10B-F—10BASE-F 10B-FB—10BASE-FB 10B-FL—10BASE-FL 10B-FP—10BASE-FP 10B-T—10BASE-T 100B-FX—100BASE-FX 100B-T—100BASE-T 100B-TX—100BASE-TX 100BVG—100BASE-VG 286—Intel 80286 processor 2B1Q—2 Binary 1 Quaternary 2GL—Second-Generation Programming Language 2NF—Second Normal Form 3GL—Third-Generation Programming Language 3NF—Third Normal Form 386—Intel 80386 processor 1 486—Intel 80486 processor 4B5BLF—4 Byte 5 Byte Local Fiber 4GL—Fourth-Generation Programming Language 4NF—Fourth Normal Form 5GL—Fifth-Generation Programming Language 5NF—Fifth Normal Form 6NF—Sixth Normal Form 8B10BLF—8 Byte 10 Byte Local Fiber A AAT—Average Access Time AA—Anti-Aliasing AAA—Authentication Authorization, Accounting AABB—Axis Aligned Bounding Box AAC—Advanced Audio Coding AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer AALC—ATM Adaptation Layer Connection AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol ABCL—Actor-Based Concurrent Language ABI—Application Binary Interface ABM—Asynchronous Balanced Mode ABR—Area Border Router ABR—Auto Baud-Rate detection ABR—Available Bitrate 2 ABR—Average Bitrate AC—Acoustic Coupler AC—Alternating Current ACD—Automatic Call Distributor ACE—Advanced Computing Environment ACF NCP—Advanced Communications Function—Network Control Program ACID—Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability ACK—ACKnowledgement ACK—Amsterdam Compiler Kit ACL—Access Control List ACL—Active Current -
ESC 151 –C Programming (ANSI C) Note on Medical Reasons For
ESC 151 –C Programming (ANSI C) Class: Section 1: Remote, quizzes Monday at 9:30 Section 2: TTH 10:00 AM-11:15 AM Suggested External Information (in place of a book): http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/c- tutorial.html Instructor: Robert Fiske Office: FH 315, Office Hours/Availability: Officially: TTH 6:00-8:00 in general I’m available at any time except TTH: 9:00-12:30. Send me an email and if need be we can meet via zoom, if I don’t reply in a timely fashion send another email and/or post on the class discussion board. Note on medical reasons for extensions/other requirements Educational access is the provision of classroom accommodations, auxiliary aids and services to ensure equal educational opportunities for all students regardless of their disability. Any student who feels he or she may need an accommodation based on the impact of a disability should contact the Office of Disability Services at (216)687-2015. The Office is located in MC 147. Accommodations need to be requested in advance and will not be granted retroactively. Any medical/family issues you have need to be brought to my attention before you take any quiz/exam, once the exam is in your hands no makeup will be oered. Once you begin to take an exam/quiz you may not leave the room until you turn in the quiz/exam. Course Objectives: This course is designed to: 1. Introduce the C programming language. 2. Introduce the concepts of computer programming. 3. Teach students to think about how to approach programming challenges. -
Majnemer-Fuzzingclang.Pdf
Fuzzing Clang to find ABI Bugs David Majnemer What’s in an ABI? • The size, alignment, etc. of types • Layout of records, RTTI, virtual tables, etc. • The decoration of types, functions, etc. • To generalize: anything that you need N > 1 compilers to agree upon C++: A complicated language union U { int a; int b; }; ! int U::*x = &U::a; int U::*y = &U::b; ! Does ‘x’ equal ‘y’ ? We’ve got a standard How hard could it be? “[T]wo pointers to members compare equal if they would refer to the same member of the same most derived object or the same subobject if indirection with a hypothetical object of the associated class type were performed, otherwise they compare unequal.” No ABI correctly implements this. Why does any of this matter? • Data passed across ABI boundaries may be interpreted by another compiler • Unpredictable things may happen if two compilers disagree about how to interpret this data • Subtle bugs can be some of the worst bugs Finding bugs isn’t easy • ABI implementation techniques may collide with each other in unpredictable ways • One compiler permutes field order in structs if the alignment is 16 AND it has an empty virtual base AND it has at least one bitfield member AND … • Some ABIs are not documented • Even if they are, you can’t always trust the documentation What happens if we aren’t proactive • Let users find our bugs for us • This can be demoralizing for users, eroding their trust • Altruistic; we must hope that the user will file the bug • At best, the user’s time has been spent on something they probably didn’t want to do Let computers find the bugs 1. -
Interfacing Modula-2 to C (Draft)
Interfacing Modula-2 to C (Draft) http://www.zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de/~enger/SC22WG13/im2c.html Warning This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG13 XXXXX DATE: 1998-11-30 Replaces Draft from June 1998 ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22/WG13 (Modula-2) DOC TYPE: Draft (Technical Report) TITLE: Interfacing Modula-2 to C SOURCE: PROJECT: JTC1.22.15436 STATUS: ACTION ID: DUE DATE: DISTRIBUTION: MEDIUM: server NO. OF PAGES: 34 Convenor of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG13 Dr. Martin Schoenhacker Telephone: +43 1 58801 4079; Facsimile: +43 1 5042583; e-mail: [email protected] Project Editor Eberhard Enger e-mail: [email protected] Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 1 von 34 30.11.98 10:51 Interfacing Modula-2 to C (Draft) http://www.zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de/~enger/SC22WG13/im2c.html 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 4 General 4.1 Purpose and justification 4.2 Specific aims 4.3 Exclusions 4.4 Cooperation and liaison 4.5 Preparatory work 5 Rationale 6 Requirements 6.1 Compilation system 6.2 Required modules 7 Guidelines for interfacing C 7.1 Introduction to the guidelines 7.2 Lexis 7.2.1 Notation for identifiers 7.2.2 Notation of literals 7.2.3 Collisions of names 7.3 Mapping of datatypes 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Representation 7.3.3 Basic integer types 7.3.4 Enumerations 7.3.5 Floating-point types 7.3.6 Pointer types 7.3.7 Structure types 7.3.8 Union types 7.3.9 -
Reference Guide for X86-64 Cpus
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR X86-64 CPUS Version 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................. xi Audience Description.......................................................................................... xi Compatibility and Conformance to Standards............................................................ xi Organization....................................................................................................xii Hardware and Software Constraints...................................................................... xiii Conventions....................................................................................................xiii Terms............................................................................................................xiv Related Publications.......................................................................................... xv Chapter 1. Fortran, C, and C++ Data Types................................................................ 1 1.1. Fortran Data Types....................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Fortran Scalars.......................................................................................1 1.1.2. FORTRAN real(2).....................................................................................3 1.1.3. FORTRAN 77 Aggregate Data Type Extensions.................................................. 3 1.1.4. Fortran 90 Aggregate Data Types (Derived -
INTRODUCTION to ANSI C Outline
1/17/14 INTRODUCTION TO ANSI C Dr. Chokchai (Box) Leangsuksun Louisiana Tech University Original slides were created by Dr. Tom Chao Zhou, https://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk 1 Outline • History • Introduction to C – Basics – If Statement – Loops – Functions – Switch case – Pointers – Structures – File I/O Louisiana Tech University 2 1 1/17/14 Introduction • The C programming language was designed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s • Influenced by – ALGOL 60 (1960), – CPL (Cambridge, 1963), – BCPL (Martin Richard, 1967), – B (Ken Thompson, 1970) • Traditionally used for systems programming, though this may be changing in favor of C++ • Traditional C: – The C Programming Language, by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall – Referred to as K&R Original by Fred Kuhns) Louisiana Tech University 3 Standard C • Standardized in 1989 by ANSI (American National Standards Institute) known as ANSI C • International standard (ISO) in 1990 which was adopted by ANSI and is known as C89 • As part of the normal evolution process the standard was updated in 1995 (C95) and 1999 (C99) • C++ and C – C++ extends C to include support for Object Oriented Programming and other features that facilitate large software development projects – C is not strictly a subset of C++, but it is possible to write “Clean C” that conforms to both the C++ and C standards. Original by Fred Kuhns) Original by Fred Kuhns) Louisiana Tech University 4 2 1/17/14 Elements of a C Program • A C development environment: – Application Source: application source and header files – System libraries and headers: a set of standard libraries and their header files. -
ILE C/C++ Language Reference, SC09-7852
IBM IBM i Websphere Development Studio ILE C/C++ Language Reference 7.1 SC09-7852-02 IBM IBM i Websphere Development Studio ILE C/C++ Language Reference 7.1 SC09-7852-02 Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Notices” on page 355. This edition applies to IBM i 7.1, (program 5770-WDS), ILE C/C++ compilers, and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. This version does not run on all reduced instruction set computer (RISC) models nor does it run on CISC models. © Copyright IBM Corporation 1998, 2010. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About ILE C/C++ Language Reference Digraph characters ........... 27 (SC09-7852-01) ........... ix Trigraph sequences ........... 28 Who should read this book ......... ix Comments............... 28 Highlighting Conventions .......... x How to Read the Syntax Diagrams ....... x Chapter 3. Data objects and Prerequisite and related information ...... xii declarations ............ 31 How to send your comments ........ xii Overview of data objects and declarations .... 31 Overview of data objects ......... 31 What's new for IBM i 7.1 ....... xv Incomplete types .......... 32 Compatible and composite types ..... 32 Chapter 1. Scope and linkage ..... 1 Overview of data declarations and definitions .. 33 Tentative definitions ......... 34 Scope ................. 1 Storage class specifiers........... 35 Block/local scope ............ 2 The auto storage class specifier ....... 35 Function scope ............ 2 Storage duration of automatic variables ... 35 Function prototype scope ......... 3 Linkage of automatic variables ...... 36 File/global scope ...........