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Malasia – Guia De Negocios 2016/17 MALASIA – GUIA DE NEGOCIOS 2016/17 Preparado por: Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia – Sección Económico-Comercial Kuala Lumpur, octubre 2016 Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 ÍNDICE PAGINA I. DATOS GENERALES 1. Ubicación geográfica 4 2. Superficie 4 3. División política 5 4. Síntesis datos principales 5 5. Población. Empleo 6 6. Síntesis histórica y política 7 II. II. ECONOMIA 1. Panorama general 9 2. Planes de desarrollo: 11mo. Plan Malasia 2016-2020 Programa de Transformación Económica y de Gobierno 10 3. Infraestructura y transporte 3.1. Telecomunicaciones, radio y TV 12 3.2. Transporte aéreo y marítimo 12 3.3. Red ferro-vial 13 3.4. Energía 13 4. Comercio Exterior 13 4.1. Panorama general 14 4.2. Síntesis exportaciones e importaciones 14 4.3. Acuerdos comerciales y de libre comercio 16 4.3.1. Acuerdos de Comercio Bilaterales 16 4.3.2. Acuerdos de Comercio Regionales 17 1. - ASEAN (Asociación de Países del Sudeste Asiático) - Comunidad Económica de la ASEAN - Acuerdo de Asociación Trans-Pacífico 5. Sector Financiero 19 5.1. Generalidades 19 5.2. Bancos comerciales 20 5.3. Banca Islámica 20 5.4. Otros servicios financieros 21 - Servicios financieros de ultramar (off shore) - Banco de exportaciones e importaciones de Malasia (EXIMBANK) 6. Inversiones 22 III. RELACIONES COMERCIALES ARGENTINA - MALASIA 1. Síntesis comercio bilateral 23 2. Inversiones 24 2.1. Inversiones malasias en Argentina 2.2. Inversiones argentinas en Malasia IV. ACCESO AL MERCADO 1. Generalidades 26 2. El factor Halal 26 Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 3. Bienes y sectores protegidos y/o con condiciones especiales 28 - Prohibición absoluta - Importación condicionada - Importación de productos cárnicos - Medidas fito y zoosanitarias - Nuevos requisitos para la importación de productos de origen vegetal - Compras públicas - Sector automotriz - Empresas “bumiputera” 4. Procedimientos de importación 30 4.1. Aspectos generales 30 4.2. Licencias de importación 31 4.3. Certificación de estándares 31 5. Etiquetado 31 5.1. Normativa general para alimentos 32 5.2. Revisión normativa para bebidas alcohólicas 32 6. Aranceles e impuestos 33 6.1. Aspectos generales 33 6.2. Impuestos a las ventas y a los servicios 34 6.3. Impuestos especiales 35 6.4. Impuesto al Valor Agregado 35 6.5. Nueva normativa importación de bebidas alcohólicas 35 6.6. Aranceles para los 10 principales productos de exportación 34 argentinos a Malasia (año 2016) 36 7. Canales de distribución 36 8. Principales ferias y exposiciones 37 9. Corporación Malasia para el Desarrollo del Comercio Exterior 38 (MATRADE) 10. Desafíos para el exportador argentino – algunas consideraciones 38 V. INFORMACION DE INTERES PARA EL EMPRESARIO QUE VIAJA A MALASIA 1. Visas 40 2. Certificado de vacunación de fiebre amarilla 40 3. Transporte y movilidad 40 4. Alojamiento 41 5. Etiqueta empresarial 41 - Saludos - Vestimenta - Reuniones de negocios - Tarjetas personales 5. Información adicional de interés 42 - Clima - Energía eléctrica: voltaje y ciclos - Moneda y cambio - Régimen de aduanas - Idioma - Seguridad Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 - Salud y atención médica - Religión - Horario laboral - Calendario de feriados año 2017 44 VI. CONTACTOS UTILES 1. Principales asociaciones y cámaras de comercio 45 2. Enlaces organismos públicos y otros de interés 46 ANEXO I Síntesis sobre el concepto “Halal” en algunos aspectos de la 48 economía 2. Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 I. DATOS GENERALES 1. UBICACIÓN GEOGRAFICA Ubicación: Sudeste de Asia, consta de una península que limita al norte con Tailandia e Indonesia, y un tercio de la isla de Borneo, donde limita con Brunei Darussalam e Indonesia y con Filipinas en el Mar de China meridional. 2. SUPERFICIE Cuadro1. Superficie En kms2 Total del país 330.803 Península de Malasia (Malasia 132.631 occidental) Malasia Oriental: Sabah & Labuan 73.722 Sarawak 124.450 Fuente: Unidad de Planeamiento Económico de Malasia. Datos sobre la Economía de Malasia 2016 4 Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 3. DIVISION POLITICA Malasia se compone de 13 Estados (Negeri-Negeri) y tres territorios federales (Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya y Labuan). Los 13 estados y sus respectivas ciudades capitales son: Cuadro 2. Malasia peninsular Estado Ciudad Capital Selangor Shah Alam Malacca Malacca Pahang Kuantan Negri Sembilan Seremban Perak Ipoh Kelantan Kota Bahru Terengganu Kuala Trengganu Kedah Alor Setar Johor Johor Bahru Penang George Town Perlis Kuala Kangar Malasia oriental (Borneo) Estado Ciudad Capital Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sarawak Kuching 4. SINTESIS DATOS PRINCIPALES 5 Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 Cuadro 3. Síntesis datos principales ÁREA 330.803Km² POBLACIÓN 31.7 millones (est. 2016) FORMA DE GOBIERNO Monarquía constitucional Tropical, monzones anuales en el sudoeste (abril a CLIMA octubre) y nordeste (octubre a febrero) Musulmanes (61.3%), budistas (19.8%), cristianos RELIGIÓN (9,2%), hinduistas (6.3%), confucionistas / taoístas (1.3%), otros (0,4%), ateos (0,7%). Bahasa Malayu (oficial), inglés, dialectos chinos IDIOMA (cantones, mandarín, hokkien, hakka, otros), Tamil, y varias lenguas indígenas Malayos y grupos indígenas autóctonos 68,6%, chinos 23,4%, indios 7.0% otros 1,0% (datos provisionales COMPOSICIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN censo año 2016) Ciudadanos malasios: 89,7%; no malasios 10.3% CAPITAL Kuala Lumpur: 1.790.000 habitantes (estimado 2016) INGRESO PER CAPITA U$D 9.488 (2015) (estimado) TIPO DE CAMBIO U$D 1 = RM 4.10 ( octubre 2016) INFLACION ANUAL 1,9 % (año 2015) RESERVAS INTERNACIONALES US$ 97.541 millones (al 31 de agosto de 2016) IMPORTACIONES TOTALES U$D 174.465 millones (2015) EXPORTACIONES TOTALES U$D 198.460 millones (2015) EXPORTACIONES ARGENTINAS A U$D 839 millones (2015) * MALASIA EXPORTACIONES DE MALASIA A U$D 354 millones (2015) * ARGENTINA Fuente: Unidad de Planeamiento Económico, dependiente de la Oficina del Primer Ministro. *Fuente: Argexim / 5. POBLACION. EMPLEO Cuadro 4. Estructura de la población (est. 2016) Cantidad en Edad millones % del total 0-14 7.8 24.5 15-64 22.0 69.4 65 y mas 1.9 6.0 TOTAL 31.7 100 Fuente: Unidad de Planeamiento Económico, Oficina del Primer Ministro de Malasia: área, población y fuerza laboral. - TASA DE CRECIMIENTO PROMEDIO ANUAL DE LA POBLACIONAL 1.5% (EST. 2016) 6 Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 Cuadro 5. Empleo por sector (2014) SECTOR Porcentaje Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca 12.3 Minería 0.6 Manufacturas 16.7 Construcción 9.1 Servicios 61.3 TOTAL 100 Fuente: Unidad de Planeamiento Económico. Oficina del Primer Ministro. Malasia Cuadro 6. Mercado Laboral 2013 2014 2015 Fuerza Laboral ('000) 13.195 14.263 14.518 Empleo ('000) 12.786 13.852 14.067 Tasa de desempleo (%) 3,1 2,9 3,1 Fuente: Economía de Malasia en números, Unidad de Planeamiento Económico, Oficina del Primer Ministro, Malasia. Labour Force Survey Report, Malaysia, 2015 6. SINTESIS HISTORICA Y POLITICA Los británicos se establecieron en el actual territorio de Malasia y Singapur en el siglo XIX y con la firma del Tratado Anglo-Holandés en 1825 se definieron las fronteras entre las Indias Orientales Holandesas (Indonesia) y British Malaya. Fueron los británicos quienes introdujeron mano de obra de origen indio y chino para trabajar en las plantaciones de caucho y las minas de estaño, constituyendo la base de la actual sociedad multiétnica. La Federación de Malaya se formó el 31 de agosto de 1957, día de la independencia del Reino Unido y reemplazó a la Unión Malaya y Tunku Abdul Rahman se convirtió en el primer Primer Ministro. El 16 de septiembre de 1963, Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak y Singapur forman Malasia, pero Singapur dejó la federación el 9 de agosto de 1965. Los 13 estados que conforman Malasia están representados en un Parlamento bicameral que consiste de una Cámara de Senadores y una Cámara de Diputados. Todos los estados malasios peninsulares están gobernados por Sultanes con carácter hereditario, excepto Malaca, Penang, Sabah y Sarawak que tienen gobernadores designados por el Gobierno Central. La Organización Nacional de Malayos Unidos o UMNO, constituido en partido político, gobierna el país desde la independencia ganando las elecciones y formando coaliciones gubernamentales. El liderazgo del Primer Ministro, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad que gobernó durante 22 años (1981-2003), sentó las bases para la diversificación de la economía. El Jefe de Estado es el Rey, cuyo título oficial es: Yang di-Pertuan Agong. De acuerdo a la Constitución el Rey se elige de manera rotativa cada 5 años entre los 9 sultanes del país. Actualmente el titular es Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah, Sultan del Estado de Kedah, 7 Embajada de la República Argentina en Malasia Guía de Negocios de Malasia, edición 2016/17 desde el 13 de diciembre de 2011, habiendo sido designado por el Consejo de Regentes. Su mandato vence en diciembre de 2016. El actual Jefe de Gobierno es el Primer Ministro Y.A.B. Dato' Sri Mohd NAJIB bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak quien asumió en abril de 2009 y fue reelegido en las elecciones generales de mayo de 2013 por un período de 5 años. Las próximas elecciones generales deben celebrarse antes de mayo de 2018 teniendo el gobierno la prerrogativa de adelantarlas. El Poder Legislativo consiste de un Parlamento bicameral: un Senado o Dewan Negara (70 miembros; 44 designados por el Jefe de Estado, 26 fijados por las legislaturas estatales) y la Cámara de Representantes o Dewan Rakyat (222 miembros elegidos por voto popular por un termino de cinco años). Las últimas elecciones parlamentarias tuvieron lugar el 5 de mayo de 2013.
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