442 Contents

of the “Wandervogel Movement” in Germany ...... 81 INTRODUCTION The Formation and Development of “ESCI Tennis” ...... 90 Who’s Got the Power? Japanese Press History, Local Identity and ISHPES ...... 1 Coverage of Foreign and Japanese Athletes .. 97 Coubertin’s Olympism in Japan before 1909 103 KEYNOTE LECTURE Theoretical Basis of Chinese Traditional Culture and Its Orientation of Value in Modern Society ...... 109 Targeting Modernity: Archery and the Modernization of Japan ...... 3 A Comparative Study of the Introduction TRADITIONAL SPORTS, REGION AND SPORTS and Diffusion Process of the Physical Education Systems in Ishikawa and Iwate General Outline of the Development and the Prefectures in the Meiji Era, 1860-1890 ...... 9 Contents of Teaching – Texts in the Japanese Ways of the Martial Arts – ...... 114 DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS, GLOBALIZATION The Researches of Tzu Chu Book ...... 119 The Development and Combination of Various Martial Art Forms in Taiwan ...... 123 Changes in Sports Recreational Activities for Between Identity and Interculturality: Sport the Aged of Tainan City after the in the French Prefecture of La Reunion in Retrocession of Taiwan ...... 12 the Late 60’s ...... 131 National Identity and Global Visibility: The Direction of the Dance Exchange Between Engagement of the Small Republic of San South and North Korea ...... 138 Marino in Traditional Games and Modern Exploring the Essence of Gaming Sports in Sports ...... 17 Ancient China ...... 144 SWEDGYM BODY and the Structuring of the Case Study of Taiwan’s Aboriginal Games European World and Civilization. A (1994-2000) ...... 148 Portuguese Perspective ...... 23 Pieces of America’s Urban Mosaic: Sport in The Physical Education Development in Philadelphia and Passaic, New Jersey ...... 152 Hong Kong Prior 1997 – A Reflection to the Rulers and Horses in the Hellenistic Development of Local Practice Under a Pergamon ...... 157 Dependent Situation...... 31 Study of Symbolism of Expression in Saja- Changing Fields of Identity – Sports Actors Chum ...... 162 in a Small Industrial Town – ...... 37 The Identity of Sumo Parties in Early Times The Reformation of Physical Education of Japan: In the Case of the Nambu-sumo Lessons at the Seijo Elementary School from Party in the Enpo Era (1673-1680) ...... 167 1917 to 1933 ...... 43 Notion of Swordmanship by P. H. Mair A Historical Study of Why Sumo Became the (1517-1579) ...... 173 “National Art” of Modern Japan ...... 48 Ice Hockey and the Canadian Identity ...... 179 Finnish Baseball Team and Local Identities A Study on the Cheyang ...... 183 in a Small Peripheral Town ...... 53 One “Exotic Flower” in Physical Education The Integrative Tendencies on Games’ of the Silk Road: the Appearance and History Studies ...... 57 Evolution of “JieZI” ...... 188 The Rise, Formation and Development of Historical Review of WuChu System of Chin Shanxi Nao Yang Wrestling ...... 62 Dynasty in Taiwan (1687-1894) ...... 191 The Process of Learning Techniques of The Origin of English Boxing and Savate Traditional Japanese Martial Arts – (French Boxing) : A Comparative Approach Incorporating Kendo Techniques - ...... 65 of their Local Identities ...... 196 Places of Remembrance and Collective Globalism vs. Local Identity: A Case of Identities – The Example of Friedrich Ludwig Ancient Japanese Football in the 12th Jahn - ...... 71 Century ...... 202 From Local to National Identity: Historical Martial Arts in the Era of King Jeongjo Study of the Differentiation and Integration (正祖;1776-1800) – Martial Arts of Contents 443

Changyongyong (壯勇營), the Royal Guards Olympic Games ...... 335 Garrison, and the Construction of the The Beginning of Women’s Judo in Korea .... 342 Hwaseong (華城) Fortress – ...... 206 The Pioneer of Sport: The YMCA in Ancient The Origin and Evolution of Martial Arts China, 1885-1928 ...... 348 Names in China ...... 212 The Study of Tennis Development in the Sport and Identity in the North of England Beginning of Taiwan’s Retrocession (1945- in the Twentieth Century ...... 220 1949) ...... 354 Transformation of “Soma-Nomaoi (Wild- ‘Community Identity’ or ‘Communities’ and horse Chasing)” in Fukushima, Japan ...... 226 ‘Identities’?: Sport and Identities in an Lyon, the City Which Never Hosted the Australian Suburb ...... 357 Olympic Games ...... 231 Observation and Study of Special Athletics Sports and Literatures in the Pre-Modern Program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Japan ...... 238 Region – Playing Wooden Ball ...... 366 “Tou Hu” in Taiwanese Literature (1603- Development of Physical Education and 1895) ...... 242 Sports in ...... 368 Sports Activities of German POW’s in Japan Villaume’s Theory for the Bodily Exercise: During World War I ...... 247 Teaching of “the Power to Live” in the Runnning and the Walking ...... 371 From “Hockey World” to World Hockey: The GENDER, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT Evolution of Women’s Field Hockey in POLITICS, ETC Cultural Context ...... 376 Gymnastics and Modern Education in Kagoshima from the Closing Days of The Far Eastern Championship Games: An Tokugawa Regime to the Early Meiji Era in International Political Arena ...... 255 Japan – With Reference to the Influences of On Physical Education Classes at Kochi External Pressure and the Construction Local Women’s Normal School ...... 269 Identities – ...... 381 A Study of the International Competition A Study on the Popularization Process of History of Taiwan Baseball (1945-1968) ...... 273 Sport in Young Men’s Associations – A Study of Primary School Physical Focusing on Ishikawa Prefecture in the Education Playground and Athletic Facilities Taisho and the early Showa Period (1910- in Taiwan (1945-1994) ...... 283 1935) – ...... 388 Japanese Reception of Lawn Tennis in Meiji Concerning Physical Education’s Thoughts Era – Historical Study on the Contribution of John Milton: Differences of Treatment of GENDO TSUBOI – ...... 286 between Western Countries and Japan ...... 394 Framing College Athletics in Brazil and the The Study of Physical Education in United States ...... 292 Manchoukuo’s Primary Schools (1932- A Research on the Development of 1945) ...... 399 Tchoukballin Changhua County R.O.C. Frank Fillis (1857-1921): Showman (1978-2001) ...... 296 Extraordinaire ...... 402 Pionier Movement and Sports in Japan ...... 303 Disciplinary and Gender Politics: A Study of A Comparative Analysis on the Trend of Contested ‘Local’ Spaces ...... 408 Study of Sport History in China, Korea and The Study of the Football’s Development at Japan ...... 313 Hojin in Kaohsiung City 1969 ~ 2000 ...... 413 “Sport and Identity in School and Club – A The Discussion on the International Comparison” – Socialisation Through Sport Exchange of Taiwan Folk Sport – Take in the Physical Education and in the Sport- R.O.C. Youth Folk Sport Visiting Delegation System in Denmark ca. 1900-2000 ...... 323 (1981-2000) For Example ...... 417 A Study of Trends in the Development of Japanese Reception of Women’s Physical Education and Sport in in Meiji Era: Historical Study on the Modern Japan: Based on a Review of the Contribution of Gendo Tsuboi ...... 424 Publication of Books on Women’s Physical Education and Sport from 1876 to 1996 ...... 331 A Consideration on the Harmony of the Two ROUND TABLE WORKSHOP Contradictory Conceptions of the Ancient 444 Contents

Round Table Workshop on Local Identity and Sport ...... 428 The Characteristic of Local Community in Japan ...... 429 Historical Study of Local Identity and Sport . 431 Local Identity and Sport From the Perspective of English Case Studies ...... 433 Identity of Asia as the Local in the Historical Research of Sport: A Review for Deconstruction of the Euro-Centrism...... 435 Local Identity and Sport in Relation To Gender Issues ...... 439

EDITORIAL

6th ISHPES Seminar in Kanazawa ...... 441