OA 360 NGT District Environment Plan for South District

DISTRICT ENVIRONMENT PLAN

FOR

SOUTH GOA DISTRICT

YEAR 2020

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Table of contents

S.No Particulars Page No Preamble 04 1 Brief Profile of South Goa District 07 1.1 Location 09 1.2. Topography & Physiography 09 1.3. Rivers & Water bodies 12 1.4 Coastal areas 15 1.5. Forests 16 1.6 Environmentally Sensitive Areas 21 1.7. Soil 24 1.8. Geology & Hydrogeology 25 1.9. Mineral Deposits & Mining 28 1.10. Industrial Development: 30 1.11 Major industries 30 1.12. Climate 33 1.13. Administrative Setup 34 2. Introduction 35 3. Approach Methodology 35 4 Waste Management Plan 36 4.1 Solid Waste Management 37 4.2 Plastic Waste Management 49 4.3 C&D Waste Management 53 4.4 Bio – Medical Waste Management 57 4.5 Hazardous Waste Management. 61 4.6 E-Waste Management 65 5. Water Quality Management 68 6. Domestic Sewage Management Plan. 76 7. Industrial Wastewater Management Plan 80 8. Mining activity management plan 83 9. Air Quality Management Plan. 88 10. Noise Pollution Management Plan 92

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Abbreviations NGT : National Green Tribunal DEP : District Environment Plan CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board C&D : Construction and Debris HTL : High Tide Line

CRZ : Coastal Regulatory Zones LTL : Low Tide Line

NCSCM : National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management

MoEF&CC : Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change CZMP : Coastal Zone Management Plan GCZMA: Goa Coastal Zone Management Authority NDZ :No Development Zone GSWA :Goa State Wetland Authority GIS : Geographic information system MoWR : Ministry of Water Resources MSME : Micro, small & medium enterprises GIDC : Goa Industrial development corporation EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment CHWTSDF : Common hazardous waste treatment storage and disposal facility CPCB : Central Pollution control board SDO : Sub Divisional Officer GSUDA :Goa State Urban Development Agency DIDC :District industrial Development Corporation GWMC : Goa Waste Management Corporation WRD :Water resource department GSPCB : Goa state pollution control board SWM : solid waste management rules MC : Municipal Councils V.P : Village Panchayats SFR :State of forest report

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PREAMBLE Hon’ble National Green Tribunal in O.A. No. 710/2017 dated 15.07.2019, further in O.A. No. 360 /2018, (M.A. No. 823/2018) (SLP (Civil) No. 2959/2014), dated 26/09/2019 ordered to form the District Committee ( as a part of District Planning Committee under Article 243 ZD) for the preparation of District Environment plan as a Constitutional provisions under Articles 243 G, 243 W, 243 ZD read with Schedules 11 and 12 and Rule 15 of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.

In the above said order, it is stated that among others “Chief Secretaries may personally monitor compliance of environmental norms (including BMW Rules) with the District Magistrate once every month. The District Magistrates may conduct such monitoring twice every month.

“We find it necessary to add that in view of Constitutional provisions under Articles 243 G, 243 W, 243 ZD read with Schedules 11 and 12 and Rule 15 of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, it is necessary to have a District Environment Plan to be operated by a District Committee (as a part of District Planning Committee under Article 243 ZD) with representatives from Panchayats, Local Bodies, Regional Officers, State PCB and a suitable officer representing the administration, which may in turn be chaired and monitored by the District Magistrate. Such District Environment Plans and Constitution of District Committee may be placed on the website of Districts concerned. The monthly report of monitoring by the District Magistrate may be furnished to the Chief Secretary and may be placed on the website of the District and kept on such websites for a period of one year. This may be made operative from 1.08.2019. Compliance of this direction may also be seen by the Chief Secretaries of the States/UTs. This may not only comply with mandate of law but provide an institutional mechanism for effective monitoring of environment norms.”

In view of these directions, District collector of South Goa vide letter no 37/42/ NGT-713- 2017 /2019/MAG/X/12836 dated 19.11.2019 constituted District Committee with representatives from Village Panchayats, Municipal Council , Regional Offices, Goa State Pollution Control Board, Dept of Environment and an officer representing the administration for preparing District Environment plan. This District Committee chaired and monitored by the South Goa District Magistrate.

The members of District Environment Committee for South Goa District formed as under.

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Table 1. District Committee- South Goa Sr.no Name Designation 1 District Magistrate – South Goa District Chairman 2. GM, Goa Waste Management Corporation Member 3 Deputy Director (South) Directorate of Panchayats Member 4. Add. Chief Engineer (I&P) Water resource department Member 5 Dy Director (Public Health) Directorate of Health Member services 6 Dy. Director (industries), DITC Member 7 Dy. Director (I) Directorate of Mines & Geology Member 8 DYSP, Traffic (South Goa) Member 9 DYSP, Member 10 Dy. Conservator of Forest (South) Dept. of Forest Member 11 GM, Sewerage & Infrastructural Development Corp. Member of Goa Ltd. 12 Chief Officer, Margao Municipal Council Member 13 Chief Officer, Mormugoa Municipal Council Member 14 Chief Officer, Municipal Council Member 15 Chief Officer, Municipal Council Member 16 Chief Officer, Municipal Council Member 17 Chief Officer, Ponda Municipal Council Member 18 Chief Officer, Municipal Council Member 19 Chief Officer, Municipal Council Member 20 Jr. Environment Engineer GSPCB Member 21 OSD to the Department of Environment Convenor- Member Secretary

A meeting of the District Environment Committee to formulate the District Environment Plan for South Goa District was held on 19/ 12/2019.

This DEP has been prepared in line with the model District Environment Plan (DEP) of CPCB and covers following thematic areas.

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1. Waste Management Plan

 Solid Waste Management

 Plastic Waste Management

 Construction and Debris (C&D) Waste Management

 Biomedical Waste Management

 Hazardous Waste Management

 E-Waste Management

2. Water Quality Management Plan

3. Domestic Sewage Management Plan

4. Industrial Wastewater Management Plan

5. Air Quality Management Plan

6. Mining Activity Management plan

7. Noise Pollution Management Plan

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1. BRIEF PROFILE OF SOUTH GOA DISTRICT.

Goa, with an area of 3,702 sq. km is known as “The Pearl of the East”, Goa with its long beaches along the Arabian Sea is a principal tourist choice. Goa state comprises of two districts namely North Goa and South Goa. Exotic beaches and heritage villages in South Goa district attracts tourists from all over the world. beach, beach and beach are the major beaches in South Goa district. Relics of rich Portuguese architectural legacy are visible in the district. Madgao is the commercial capital town of South Goa District. Two National highways NH 17 and NH 4A passes through the district. Railway and South-Central Railway also pass through the district. A major cargo handling Port is at in South Goa. Airport is in South Goa district connects the State with major cities in the country and with many of the international cities. South Goa District covers the entire southern part of Goa state. Arabian sea is to the west of district, to the North and Uttar district of state is in the East and South. South Goa is situated between the latitudinal parallels of 15029′ 32″ North to 14053′ 57″ North and longitudinal parallels of 730 46′ 21″ East to 740 20′ 11″ East. From North to South and from east to west the district spans 86 kms and 40 kms respectively. The total geographical area of the district is 1966 sq. kms. The district map of South Goa is presented as figure 1.

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Figure 1. South Goa District Map

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1.1 . Location South Goa district lies between the latitudes of 150 29' 32" N and 140 53' 57" N and longitudes of 730 46'21" E and 74 0 20'11"E. South Goa district is bounded by Arabian Sea to the west, North Goa district to the North and uttar Kannada district of Karnataka to the East and South. The district covers a geographical area of 1,966 Sq. km.

1.2. Topography & Physiography The Goa state has undulating topography with slope varying from plain (slope <1%) to very gentle, found mainly in the coastal areas to very steep (slope > 35%) along the eastern boundary. However, gentle to moderate slope types are found more or less evenly distributed throughout the South Goa district. Geographically the district is divided into lowlands, plateau and mountainous region. Low land area is mainly coastal lines. Many beaches are located in this area. This area is fertile and hence thickly populated. The plateau region exists between the mountain region in the east and the lowlands in the west. In this region, plenty of lateritic stone are found which are used for building purposes. Some of the part of plateau land is called headlands and lighthouses are built on these headlands. Sahyadri Mountains are to the east of South Goa. This part is covered with dense forest.

1.2.1. Physiography Physio-graphically, Goa can be broadly classified into Coastal tract, sub-ghat region and the high ranges of the . (Wagle B. G 2004). Goa has mainly three natural divisions namely the Lowlands, the Plateaus and the Mountain region.

(i) Konkan Coast (low lands): Goa is a part of Konkan area. Low land area is mainly coastal lines. The western and southwestern parts of Goa constitute the coastal plains. Central land masses of this portion of Goa appear to have emerged out of the sea, as can be observed at Margao and Canacona. The formation of the two major river systems viz. Mandovi and Zuari has resulted from faults during the uplift of landmasses. Both the rivers are of equal length and flow in the westerly direction. The coastal plains include beaches, mudflats, swamps, saltpans and fluvio-littoral plains. Prominent beaches are Betalbatim and Agonda.

(ii) Plateau Lands: The plateau region is found between the mountain region in the east and the lowlands in the west. Plateau land height ranges from 30 meters to 100 meters. Eastern parts of Sanguem and Quepem are occupied by undulating uplands with gentle to moderate slopes, intercepted by concave depressions comprising valleys which are mainly under paddy cultivation. The slope gradients range from 5 to 20 % and occasionally go up to 30%. In this region mainly plenty of laterite stone is found. Some of

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the part of plateau land is called headland of Goa. Land in the plateau region is not fertile, few crops are taken in this region.

(iii) Mountainous region: Sahyadri mountains are to the east of South Goa. The Western Ghats, a continuous range of Sahyadri hills, form the commencement of the high hill ranges in eastern Goa. The foot slopes of this range extend to Ponda, and interior of Canacona in the south. These ranges occupy about 33% of the total area of Goa. The altitudes of the principal hills range from 1022 m MSL (Darsinga) to 251 m near Cape de Rama. This part is covered with dense forest. In this area, some of the mountains are very steep.

In South Goa, the peaks are Chandranath at Paroda, Dudhsagar in and Cormolghant in . Many streams and rivers flow from this region. Topography /physiography map of south Goa is depicted as figure 2.

Source : South Goa irrigation plan Figure 2. Topography/ physiography map of south Goa

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Source : South Goa irrigation plan Figure 3. Landuse map of south Goa

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1.3. Rivers & Water bodies 1.3.1. Rivers Eleven rivers are sustaining the Goan ecosystems. Terekhol, Mandovi, Baga, Zuari, Colval, Saleri, Mandre, Harmal, Sal, Talpona and Galjibag are the eleven rivers of Goa which are known as the lifelines of the state. The rivers in Goa are unique in being both tidal and rain fed, and therefore, perennial, except River Talpona, which is found to be partial perennial. The surface water system of Goa is intimately linked up to their eco-development since they provide irrigational facilities to agriculture, produces biotic and mineral resources, transport ore from the mining areas to the port and ferries men and goods to different parts of the state.

Goa’s eleven river basins are the important as they have nurtured the unique ecological and cultural heritage of this lush green land. Most of these rivers are subjected to tidal variations and salinity up to a distance of 20-40 km upstream from their respective mouth regions. All this main eleven rivers and their 42 tributaries are significant, not only as the source of potable water but they support also the Goan eco-systems.

Principal rivers flowing through the South Goa district are Zuari, Galjibagh, Sal, Saleri, Talpona and Mandovi. Other rivers /rivulets in South Goa district are Maxem, Kushavati, Ugem, Guleli, Maida, Kale, / Dudhsagar and Ragada. Zuari is the longest river in the state of Goa and has second largest basin extends from to Panjim. Map showing rivers, water bodies and drainage pattern of South Goa district as figure 4.

1.3.2. Water bodies The major water bodies of Goa state are Lake, Mayem Lake, Netravali Lake, Kesarval Spring and Dhudhsagar Waterfalls. Of these Netravali lakes, Kesarval Spring and Dhudhsagar Waterfalls are in South Goa District. Brief about them are given in following paragraphs.

Netravali Lake: The Lake is in Sanguem Taluka and has unique characteristics. There are continuous bubbles emerging on the surface of the lake upon clapping. The intensity of the bubbles grows with live springs, which suddenly gushes out in full spectacle.

Kesarval Spring: Flowing through the woods at , off the -Margao Highway NH17, the spring emerges from hard and compact rock and people bathe in its water with strong belief that it has medicinal properties.

Dhudhsagar Waterfalls: At the eastern fringe of Goa, these are the most impressive waterfalls. Measuring a gigantic 600 m from head to foot is the famous waterfall called

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Dudhsagar. Overlooking a steep, falcate-shaped head of a valley carpeted with pristine tropical forests, Dudhsagar waterfalls nestle amid splendid scenery.

Figure 4. Map showing major river and waterbodies of South Goa District.

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1.3.3 DRAINAGE

Ensconced on the slopes of the Western Ghats, Goa is blessed with bountiful water. The rivers, which are navigable throughout the year, have their origin in the Sahyadri ranges and flow westward into the Arabian Sea, 60 km away. The surface drainage is also helped by a number of streams, nallahs, and rivulets that crisscross the State and flow in a westerly direction and finally drain into the Arabian Sea. Rivers Mandovi and Zuari, which are the two main rivers, form the lifeline of Goa with their tributaries draining 69% of its geographic area. The drainage pattern in Goa is dendritic to sub-parallel. Drainage map of south Goa is depicted as Figure 5.

In South Goa district, Zuari is the longest river in the state of Goa and has second largest basin, it extends from Netravli to Panjim. The river basin of westerly flowing Galjibagh river originate from Western Ghats and drain in the Arabian Sea in the west under estuarine environment.

Primarily the underlying rocks govern the drainage system in the area. The drainage pattern is generally dendritic type. The river valley is ‘V’ shaped in the western high hill ranges but broadens in central midlands and become ‘U’ shaped in the lowlands and coastal plains.

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Source : South Goa irrigation plan Figure 5 :Drainage map of south Goa

1.4 Coastal areas

Goa is renowned all over the world for its beautiful sandy beaches and various types of costal stretches. The state of Goa being located on the west coast of has a coastline extending over 105 km and inland waterways up to 50 km. Many of the rivers are tidal prone up to a distance of 20 to 40 kms.

The Coast line of South Goa district is round 00 km. The coast is full of creeks and estuaries formed by rivers. The coastal and inshore waters are very rich in fishery resources specially Mackerels and Sardines.

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The coastal zone, consisting of ecologically sensitive areas and other geomorphological features play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the coast.

In order to regulate the development along the coastline, CRZ regulation is imposed to protect its ecology and legacy. Coastal stretches are sensitive to development projects, CRZ rules have been made under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to safeguard these coastal areas in year 2011. These areas are referred to as Coastal Regulatory Zones (CRZ). CRZ is defined as: “the coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries creeks, rivers and backwaters which are influenced by tidal action (in the landward side) up to 500 m from the High Tide Line (HTL) and land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the HTL

It has been a consistent stand of the State Government that in view of Goa’s unique geo- environmental situation, the CRZ Regulation should be made applicable up to 500 m from the high tide line from the Sea at its highest tide, and not all along the tidal stretches of the river as it is being sought to be interpreted. Coastal zone management plan of Goa is restricted to the 500 m from the high tide line and 100 m or width of the river creek on either bank. It had been observed that about 80% of Goa’s population is in the 5 coastal talukas with river and creeks, which are partly tidal where it is mandatory to have 100 m setbacks.

The draft coastal zone management plan for Goa stae prepared by National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) Chennai, MoEF&CC, is under finalization. Draft CZMP map of South Goa district is given as figure 6.

1.5. Forests About 59.9% of the area of Goa is under forests, it covers the area of around 2219 sq.km (as per SFR published by the Forest, Survey of India). The estimated tree cover in the state is 334 Km2 which is 9.02 % of the Geographical area. Forest cover of South Goa district as per SFR is around 1296 sq.km which covers 65.92 % of the geographical area.

However as per the Department of Forest the recorded forest cover of Goa state is around 1424.46 sq.km, out of which 200 sq.km is private forest. The forest cover of South Goa district is around 869.9 sq.km, with addition of in South Goa the forest area of South Goa district will be 920.1 sq km. Table 2 depicts the taluka wise forest cover of South Goa.

The natural vegetation of Goa consists of dense forests of deciduous to moist deciduous type. Forest cover of the State is nearly 35%. The habitat of the flora is of semi-evergreen type. Evergreen forests are seen only in the high hills. Dense forests occur in the eastern, northern and southwestern portions of Sanguem Taluka and northern, southern and eastern parts of Canacona Taluka. Moderately dense forests are found between high ranges of Western Ghats and the gently sloping lands ranging between 150 and 300 m. Scrub forests

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with scanty vegetation are found on laterite outcrops that are hard and indurated. Luxuriant growth of grasses is common. The coastal tracts with marine alluvium are mainly covered with palms. The borderline of Arabian Sea and the west coast are thickly palm-fringed with a small area covered by mangroves. There is diversity in the forests due to the variation in altitude, aspect, soil characters, slope etc. The major species found in forests of Goa are Teak, Eucalyptus, Bamboo, Cashew, Rubber, Acrocarpous, Casuarina and Others.

In Goa, forests are confined to the Western Ghats foothill slopes and in the South Goa district it is mainly in the Talukas of Sanguem, Canacona and Quepem and to a lesser extent in the Talukas of Ponda, while coastal Talukas Murmogoa and have no forests. The details of areas under forests in various Talukas of South Goa district are given in table 2 and figure 7

Table 2. showing area under Forests in South Goa S. No. Taluka Area (sq. km.)

1. Ponda 50.12 2. Sanguem 569.25 3. Quepem 114.91 4. Canacona 185.82 5. Mormugao Nil 6. Salcete Nil Total 920.1 Source: Department of Forests, Goa.& zoning atlas report

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Figure 7 Showing forest cover in South Goa district.

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1.5.1 Types of Forests & Vegetation

Estuarine vegetation consisting of Mangroves along swampy riverbanks: This type of vegetation occurs in isolated small patches along the banks of the Rivers Mandovi and Zuari and other salt-water streams. This zone is characterized by peculiar root formations (stilt roots of Rhizophora, pneumatophores in Avicennia, knee root in Bruguiera etc). The mangroves are found in the division mainly at Durbhat and in South Goa district. This vegetation occurs from sea level to an altitude of 100m.

Strand and creek vegetation along the coastal belts: Most of the coastal regions of Goa are rocky with projecting ridges. The strand vegetation is limited to a few patches of narrow strip bordering the Arabian Sea. Many herbaceous species such as Neanotis rheedei, Iphigenia Indica, Begonia crenata, Mitreola oldenlandioides, Habenaria grandifloriformis, Tricholepis glaberrima, Trichidesma sp. are found along rocky creeks and projecting ridges facing the coast.

Plateau vegetation: A major portion of the vegetation in Goa belongs to this category, which is further divided into the Open scrub jungle, Moist mixed deciduous forests, Secondary moist mixed deciduous forests, Sub-tropical Hill forests,

Semi-evergreen and evergreen forests type along upper ghats of Goa and they are further divided into Semi-evergreen forests this occurs intermingling between tropical evergreen and moist deciduous forest mostly above 500 MSL and are found at , Butpal and Nadquem in South Goa district. Lateritic Semi-evergreen forests are another type found on shallow dry lateritic soils. And Evergreen forests occurs in deep gorges and depressions and also along the nallahs and streams in the Ponda-Amboli-Rambhat bel in South Goa district.

1.5.2 Reserved and Protected Forests: In Goa the Reserved Forests covers an area of 253.32 sq. km under section 20 of IFA and under section 4 of IFA it covers 709.90 sq. km. And unclassed forest is around 261.24 sq.km. As per Department of Forest the wildlife sanctuaries and the national parks in Goa are 20% of geographical area i.e 740.4 sq km.

1.5.2.1 Wildlife Sanctuary: Wildlife sanctuaries are areas, which are set for the proliferation of animals and plants living therein by ensuring that the habitat is not damaged. There are six wildlife sanctuaries and one national park in Goa. Out of these three wildlife sanctuaries-Bondla wildlife, Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary, Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary, Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary and one national park - Mollem National Park are in South Goa district.

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Bondla wild life sanctuary is with Moist deciduous with small patches of evergreen forest covering the area of 7.95 sq km of Ponda, Sanguem and Sattari taluka. Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary is spreaded in an area of 133 sq km with thick forest varying from moist deciduous to evergreen in Sanguem taluka. Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary comprises Moist deciduous type forest with an area of 86 sq km in Canacona taluka.

Mollem National Park is in the Sangeum Taluka of South Goa district. Mollem National Park and Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary jointly form the single largest protected area of Goa encompassing an area of 240 sq. km. of thick forest covering the Western Ghats and its valleys. The location of wildlife sanctuary and national park in South Goa district is shown in figure 8.

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Figure 8. Map showing location and boundary of wildlife sanctuary at South Goa district.

1.6 Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Ecological sensitive areas include areas with significant ecological features and ecosystems. The conservation and sustainable use of resources, ecological features are of critical importance.

Environmentally sensitive areas in South Goa districts are endangered / are species present in Wildlife Sanctuaries, National park, Turtle Nesting Ground, Coral Reefs, Estuarine Crocodiles, Mangrove Areas , Khazan land, Wetlands.

Biodiversity areas As per Department of Forest the endangered floral species found in the sanctuaries and national park are Ophuros Bomaiensis, Ceropeigia Fantastica, Oberonia Brachyhlic,

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Brachystehna Malvaneuse, Rawalfra Seprentina, Nilgiranthus Barbatus, Phyllanthus Talbotu, Decaschishia Trilobta, Gymnacanthera Fargunana, Hyhaene Dichotoma, Garcinia Talbotu, Crypocarya Lawsonii, Eugenia Macrocephalla Tricalysis Sphaerocarpa.

And the faunal species are Tiger, Panther, Leopard Cat, Slender Loris, Gaur, Mouse Deer, Pangolin, Giant Squirrel, Sloth Bear, Flying Squirrel, Jackel (Canis aureus), Jungle Cat (Fells Chaus), Mongoose (Herpestes sp.), Civet, Golden Gacko (Calodaretly Loides Aureus), Flying Lizard (Draco Dussumteri), Python (Phython Molurus, Indian Cobras (Naja spp.), King Cobra (Ophiophagus Hannah), Russel's Viper (Vipera Ruselli), Checkered Keelback (Xenochrophis Piscator), Rat Snake (Plyas Mucosus), Peafowl (Pavo Cristatus), Great Indian Hornbill (Buceros Bicornis), Indian Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros Malabaricus), Hill Myna (Gracula species), Frog Mouth (Batrachostomes species), White Bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaetus Leucogaster), Vuhures (Gyps Bengalensis), Bazas (Aviceda Leuphotes)

Turtle Nesting Grounds: Goa has been a nesting site for the Olive Ridley Sea Turtles. The nesting is sporadic and occur throughout the coast of Goa. Out of the 105 km coastline of Goa, only about 6 km is left appropriately for the Olive Ridley to nest. In South Goa Galgibag beach and Agonda beach are the major nesting sites.

Coral Reefs: Coral reefs can be broadly defined as ridges of limestone, the upper surface of which lies near the sea level and consist of calcium carbonate secreted by the corals. They are known for exceptionally diverse fauna and flora, complex food web, and tropic organisms.

Estuarine Crocodiles: Of the three Indian species of crocodiles, the State of Goa offers a habitat for Mugger or Marsh Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris Lesson). The largest wild population of Mugger in the State resides along the mangrove fringes of Mandovi-Cumbharjua-Zuari complex. Goa is one of the few states that support the last few wild pockets of the Marsh Crocodile.

Mangrove Areas: Mangroves are very specialized forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions bordering the sheltered seacoasts and estuaries. These stabilize the shoreline and act as barriers against encroachment by the Sea. Salt tolerant inter-tidal halophytic plants dominate the mangrove forests.

The segmented coast of Goa has 7 major estuaries, which are microtidal (tidal amplitude 0.01-2.4m) swamps along estuaries composed of laterite, loamy and alluvial soils. Mangroves are confined mainly to the narrow intertidal mudflats along the banks of an estuary.

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Occasionally patches of mangroves seen in and Galgibag.

Khazan: Khazan lands are eco-sensitive low-lying areas that are influenced by tidal action. These include the embankments, sluice gates, mangrove cover, backwaters, creeks and the drainage canals. Hence Khazan lands play a vital role in protecting the agricultural lands and surrounding villages of Goa from tidal ingress by use of the intricate system of bunds. The total khazan land of Goa is 33.41 sq km, which South Goa has 9.26 sq km

Wetlands: Wetlands are transitional areas between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems where the water table is usually at or near the surface of the soil or the land is covered with shallow water. These include marshes, swamps, floodplains, bogs, peatlands, shallow ponds, littoral zones of larger water bodies, tidal marshes, etc. The prominent wet land in South Goa District are Pilar, Verna, Rumbrem, Raichetolem, .

At present Goa State Wetland Authority (GSWA) have initiated wetland identification under Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules 2017 with the help of CSIR National Institute of Oceanography. 35 wetlands have been identified and brief document preparations of the same is ongoing. Depending on brief document and ground truthing of other water bodies, the final number of water bodies may change with due course. However, Space Applications Centre Ahmedabad (2009), has submitted a report where in 550 wetlands were identified in Goa using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technique.

In view of above, Department of information technology, under e- governance has envisage implementing a common state enterprise GIS platform which will be accessible to all departments across the state. Department is in process of selection of system integrator for development, implementation, and maintenance of GIS based, E- governance portal of Goa.

Sand Dunes in Goa: A sand dune is a mount, hill or ridge of sand that lies behind the part of the beach affected by tides. They are formed over many years when windblown sand is trapped by beach grass or other stationary objects. In South Goa, sand dunes are found along the coastal stretch from Betul to Cansaulim. The best dunes in Goa are found on the stretch from , Colva, , , Betul upto Kelashi in South Goa. The coastal sand dunes with their respective lengths in kilometers are given in Table below .

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Table 3 Details of Sand Dunes in South Goa S.No. Name of the sandy coast showing sand dunes Length in km District 1. Baina 1.70 South 2. Cansaulim 0.80 Goa 3. Colva, Benaulim, Varca, Kelashi, Betul 26.25 4. Palolem 0.50 5. Loliem 0.13 6. Polem 0.25 Total length in kilometers 29.3 Source: Department of Science, Technology and Environment, Goa. Sacred Groves: Sacred groves, known locally as Devari, Devaran and Pann are standing tributes to the wisdom and foresight of our ancestors. This community conserved areas have the concentrations of species and genetic biodiversity where nature can continue in her mysterious ways to enrich life linkages. These groves are protected and preserved by the local people. In South Goa the Talukas of Sanguem, Canacona and Quepem the tradition of sacred groves is there which represent, patches of dense forests that are guarded through a deep sense of gratitude.

1.7. Soil Soil characteristics of the terrain are important aspects of the environment. They meet the basic needs of all agricultural production. The varieties of soils that occur in Goa are derived from three geological formations viz. Basalt/Metabasalt, Granite/Granite gneiss and Quartzite. The soil types found in South Goa districts are coastal alluvial soil, mixed red and black soil, laterite soils and red sandy soils, which are divided into 32 soil series. In addition, there are rock outcrops and laterite crusts associated with the soils. About 63% of the area in the State is suitable for agriculture and 33% not suitable for agriculture but well suited for forestry, pasture, silvipastoral system, wildlife, recreation and rehabilitation Soil of the South Goa district can be classified into 4 types namely : Laterite, Saline, Marshy and Alluvial soil: i. Lateritic soil is the major soil type in the district. It is highly porous & permeable, slightly acidic with low pH values, low in organic matter, Calcium and Phosphorus. ii. Saline soil in the district occurs in the flood plains of Zuari, Sal, Saleri, Talpona and Galjibagh rivers in Salcete, Marmugao, Quepem and Canacona taluka. It also occurs to a very limited extent in Sanguem taluka. The soil is deep, poorly drained and less permeable. It is saline, high in pH and contains humus and organic matter.

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iii. Marshy soil occurs to a large extent in Salcete taluka and towards the western part of Canacona taluka. It also occurs in Marmugao taluka. This type of soil occurs in low- lying waterlogged and tidal affected areas. iv. Alluvial soil occurs as very thin strip along the coastline towards western part of Salcete taluka and a limited exposure occurs in Canacona taluka. It is reddish brown to yellowish, coarse grained and confined to narrow valleys of rivers. It is well drained, acidic with low pH and organic content.

1.8. Geology & Hydrogeology The Geology of South Goa district is dominantly covered by the formation of Goa Group belonging to Dharwar Super Group of Archaean to Proterozoic age. The Goa Group comprises of metamorphic rocks of green schist facies. The Goa group of rocks is disposed in a general NW – SE direction. The rock types indicate three cycles of folding. The straight coastline suggests the major fault along the west coast. Associated with this fault a number of weak planes have developed. Western Ghat, which extends in NS to NNW – SSE direction represent a prominent fault zone.

The Goa Group of rocks has been intruded by granite gneiss, feldspathic gneiss, hornblende gneiss and porphyritic granite, followed by basic intrusive. Metabasalts are also extensively exposed in Canacona and Marmugao taluks and also as small outcrops in Salcete & Sanguem Taluka. Exposures of greywacke with conglomerate are found to occur in Quepem, Canacona and Sanguem taluka. Granite gneiss is found to occur in large portion of Salcete taluka and limited exposures are in Quepem, Canacona and Sanguem taluka. Small outcrops of granite are found to occur in Canacona and Sanguem talukas. Laterite occurs extensively covering almost all the formations in South Goa district.

Coastal alluvium occurs as thin strip along the coastal plains in western part of Salcete taluka. It consists of fine to coarse sands with intercalations of sandy loam, silt and clay.

Hydrogeology Occurrence and movement of ground water depends upon the type of rock formation, structure, topography, rainfall, recharge etc. Ground water in the South Goa district occurs in rocks having primary porosity & permeability or in those having secondary porosity acquired due to weathering, leaking, tectonics, solutions etc.

Ground water bearing formations in the district are laterite, alluvium, granite, granite gneiss, metavolcanics and meta sedimentaries.

The occurrence of ground water and aquifer characteristics of various formations is as follows: -

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Laterite - Laterites are the important water bearing formations, occurring in plateau areas or of detrital origin generally occupying valley portions. Besides inherent porosity, the laterites are highly jointed and fractured, which control their water bearing capacity. Ground water occurs under water table condition in lateritic formation. Promising ground water bearing areas are located near Kasapural area in Sanguem and Arelm area in Salcete taluka.

Alluvium- Alluvium constitutes good aquifers and is restricted to banks of rivers. Thickness of the coastal alluvium varies from 5 – 22 m and comprises of fine to coarse sand with intercalations of sandy loam, silt and clay.

Granite & Granite Gneiss- Ground water occurs under unconfined, semi – confined and confined conditions in weathered and fractured zones of granite and granite gneiss. Depth to water level in these formations in open wells varies from 3.8 to 6.25m bgl,

Meta volcanic & Metasedimentary.: Ground water is found to occur in zones having secondary porosity and permeability imparted due to weathering, joints and fractures. Ground water occurs both under water table and confined conditions. Water bearing zones extend up to depth of 40 to 100 m. Metasedimentary comprise shales, phyllites, schists, metagreywackes, argillite’s and quartzites. The irrigation dug wells tapping weathered zones extending from 8.5 to 19.85 m bgl in these rock units with varying well diameters from 2.2 to 6.1 m. Hydrogeology map of South Goa district is depicted below.

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Source – GoI, MoWR- CGWB

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1.9. Mineral Deposits & Mining

In Goa, land away from the coast is rich in minerals and ores. The mining belt of Goa covers an area of approximately 700 sq. km. and is mostly concentrated in Sanguem, Quepem, and Salcete Talukas in South Goa district. The main mineral resources of economic importance include iron ore, ferro manganese, manganese, bauxite, high magnesia, limestone, silica, and clay.

Mining is an important activity in Goa. Mining has been a very important element in the economic history of modern Goa. Most of the mines are in private hands. They were leased out by the Portuguese authority during the pre-liberation days and inherited by the present owners. Goa is a major iron ore exporting state and over 60% of country’s iron ore export is from Goa.

However, the Mining has been stalled in Goa ever since the Honorable Supreme Court cancelled 88 mining leases order in the state on February 7, 2018. This decision directly impacted 60,000 households & 3 lakh livelihoods. The ban has stopped 15 million tons of iron ore exports. It has disrupted an economy of Goa and affected allied industries, including logistics suppliers, truck companies and barge owners as well as equipment suppliers also.

The major concern of mining operations is open-cast mining, which severely affects the land use pattern. The major environmental impacts of mining operations are degradation of land, pollution of surface and groundwater resources, pollution of air, deforestation including loss of flora and fauna, rehabilitation of affected population including tribal and impact on historical monuments and religious places. Quarries As per Directorate of mines around 458 quarries were granted permissions in Goa in year 2015-16. However, these permits are not renewed after that.

Valid quarrying leases granted for extraction of minor minerals as on date are around 93 in numbers and 53 mining leases are in South Goa district comprising an area of around 9,23,088 sq. m.

The location of active mines in South Goa district is shown in the mine map as figure.9

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Figure 9 Mine map of South Goa District

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1.10. Industrial Development:

The industrial landscape of Goa has undergone a tremendous face change since liberation in 1961. At the time of liberation, there were very few industries and the economy were considered as a “money order” economy. From mining alone, the industrial activity of the State has diversified into tourism, electronics, automobile accessories, pharmaceuticals, and agro chemicals. Presently, the State harbors 23 industrial estates (goaidc website). Of this, 8 industrial estates are in South Goa district.

As per the 2015-16 data of Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation Goa, there are around 964 factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948 in South Goa District out of this around 523 are operational.

Around 4527 number of Micro, small & medium enterprises (MSME) registered with Industries Department are in South Goa district. Large-scale industries are 129 in number. As per GIDC (website) around 1213 industries are in IDC area in South Goa district.

According to 2015-16 data of Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation Goa, the estimated average number of daily workers employed in registered factories of South Goa district are around 95,878. Approximately 39,401 workers employed in MSME's of South Goa. The average numbers of daily workers employed in large scale industries of South Goa district are 24316 in numbers.

1.11 Major industries Goa has a strong presence in mining, tourism and pharmaceuticals sectors. Mining (iron ore and manganese), pharmaceuticals, iron and steel industries are present in North Goa while mining and shipbuilding industries are present in South Goa.

Iron-Ore industry: The Iron Ore Industry is the main industry and forms the backbone of the Goan economy. The iron ore deposits of Goa consist essentially of hematite and are associated with the ferruginous quartzite and phyllites. The deposits containing an average iron content of 63% by and large are concentrated in the northern and central parts of the territory. The annual production of iron ore is around 15 million tons.

Pharmaceutical/ Drugs and Biotech Industries: The Pharmaceutical Industry has emerged as a major component in the industrial development of Goa because of its ambience and pollution free atmosphere that is conducive to the Pharma Industry. Pharma industries are

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mostly located in Verna industrial area of South Goa district.

Goa has also emerged as a manufacturing base for several leading companies in areas such as fertilizers, tyres and tubes, cement, electrical machinery, fishnet making machines, automatic washing machines, printed circuit boards, pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical machinery. Cashew processing has also been a traditional industry in the state.

Tourism is the largest segment in the services sector. Goa is traditionally known as a tourist paradise for its natural scenery, beautiful beaches and cultural diversity. Up to December 2018 around 8.01 million tourists have visited the state.

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Source : GIDC Figure 10. Industrial estates of Goa

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1.12. Climate South Goa district has a tropical climate. The district gets rain from South-West monsoon winds during June-September. The rainfall is more in the mountain region than in the coastal region. The district has cool climate during the months of October-January. It starts getting warmer from February and remains till May.

May is the hottest month where the mean daily temperature increases to 30oC. January is the comparatively coolest with mean daily temperature of about 23oC. It is noted that the day temperature is the lowest in monsoon months of July and August and not in the cool winter months of December and January. The temperature is highest (around 33oC) in pre – monsoon months of April & May and again in post monsoon months of November. Due to proximity to the Arabian Sea, humidity throughout the year is more than 60% with range from 80 to 90% during monsoon period. As a result of orographic influence, rainfall increases towards the Western Ghats, with average annual rainfall 2875 mm (in Salcete taluka) & 2466 mm (Marmugao taluka) respectively to 3825 mm (in Sanguem taluka). Over 90% of annual rainfall occurs during monsoon months of June to September. About 32% of the annual rainfall is received during July.

1.13. Administrative Setup The South Goa District Collectorate is headed by the Collector. Collector is supported by three Additional Collectors, eight Dy. Collectors and Sub Divisional Officers, Taluka Mamlatdars, Section Officers and Clerical Staff. Entire district administration responsibilities are vested with District Collectorate and it is categorized into various sections to looks after or carry out specific functions related to district administration. Confidential and Vigilance Section, Establishment Section, Election Branch, Revenue Section, Civil Administration Section, Judicial Section, Land Acquisition Section, Accounts & Recovery Section, MPLAD Section and Inward/Outward.

There are 7 Tehsil level Mamlatdar Offices headed by the Mamladar. However, there are 6 Subdivisions in South Goa District each headed by the Sub Divisional Officer (SDO) Margao, Quepem (Quepem+ Sanguem) Mormugao, Ponda, , Canacona.

Ponda Taluka is included in South Goa District as per Notification No. 37/2/2014-RD published in the Extraordinary Official Gazette dated 23rd January 2015 Series I No.43. 18 villages from Sanguem Taluka are omitted and inserted in Dharbandora Taluka as per Notification No. 16-15-2010/RD Series I No. 51 dated 17th March 2011. Thereafter 2 villages namely Gangem & Usgao are omitted from Dharbandora Taluka & added in Ponda Taluka, so also Colomb and from Quepem Taluka are omitted & inserted in Sanguem Taluka as per Notification No. 16/15/2010 RD/2343 Series I No. 8 dated 26th May,2011.

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indicative map Figure – 11- SOUTH GOA TALUKA MAP

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2. INTRODUCTION

As per Hon’ble NGT Order dated 26/09/2018 in O.A 360/2018, inventory have been generated for 64 action areas of South Goa District, format developed by CPCB “O.A 360 NGT District information plan.xlsx”.

3. APPROACH METHODOLOGY

The data used for preparing District Environment Plan is based on the data provided by all Village Panchayats and Municipal Councils in the format given by CPCB, as well as data provided by relevant departments viz. Directorate of Mines Geology, Water resource department (WRD), Goa state pollution control board (GSPCB), Goa Waste Management Corporation (GWMC ), Directorate of Transport – South Goa, Goa State Urban Development Agency (GSUDA), Ports Department, South Goa District Collectorate, PWD and Town Planning Department, District industrial Development Corporation (DIDC)

Documents referred for the preparation of DEP are Zoning atlas for siting of industries, Environmental atlas of Goa, River action plan for polluted river, Ground Water Information Booklet for South Goa by Ministry Of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board, GoI, GIDC website, EIA report for CHWTSDF by Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd. Inception Report 2018 prepared by iDeck for Solid Waste Management Policy for The State of Goa, DPR on Common hazardous waste treatment facility prepared by SMS Envocare Ltd., Inception report on Development of E-waste Management Plan for the State of Goa by The Just Environment Charitable Trust (Toxic Links), Detailed Project Report (draft) for Sustainable management of C&D waste in Goa by Sinteff, DPR for Development of a Biomedical Waste Management Plan for the State of Goa by The Just Environment Charitable Trust (Toxic Links).

Village panchayats and Municipal councils have provided the required data (DEP format prescribed by CPCB) regarding prevailing conditions of environment, solid waste management etc. In duly filled format the population data is census data of year 2011 (as per DEP). However, the action plan for each component of theme have been delineated considering the population of year 2018 as well as projected population for next .

The detailed duly filled formats for all Municipal councils and Village Panchayats are enclosed as Annexure and the outcome of the inventory is being discussed in subsequent paragraphs.

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4. WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.1 Solid Waste Management Plan

Solid waste management is one of the most important services for maintaining the quality of life in urban as well as rural areas and for ensuring better standards of health and sanitation. Due to rapid growth in population of India, this service falls short of the desired level as the systems adopted are inefficient. Institutional weakness, shortage of human and financial resources, improper choice of technology, inadequate coverage and lack of short- and long- term planning are responsible for the inadequacy of services.

Solid wastes, which include bio-medical, municipal and hazardous wastes is a major concern and an eye sore in the urban areas. Unregulated disposal of wastes may affect the quality of groundwater in the area through infiltration of water-soluble substances.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India has notified SWM Rules 2016. As per these rules, the role of local body has been specified in rule 15 of SWM 2016, and as per rule 16 of the said rules Goa State Pollution control board shall enforce these rules through local bodies in respective jurisdiction.

In view of above the Government of Goa under the aegis of the Department of Science, Technology & Environment has formed the Goa Waste Management Corporation (GWMC) and entrusted it to look after the overall management of all types of wastes.

Additionally, as per the Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, the urban local authorities themselves have responsibilities in managing solid waste in their jurisdictions. As well, the Goa State Urban Development Agency is the nodal agency for implementation, coordination and monitoring in respect of all 14 Municipal Councils /City Corporation in the state of Goa and GSUDA is operating under the Administrative control of the Directorate of Municipal Administration, Urban Development Department, Government of Goa.

South Goa District comprises of 7 Municipal Councils and 89 Village Panchayats. The quantity of waste generated by them is given in table below.

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Table 4: Waste generation by Talukas of South Goa District Sr. No Taluka Name Remarks Population Total Waste Generated MT/ day 1 Canacona 46873 11.07 Canacona Municipal Council 14230 7 Canacona block Village Panchayats 32643 9.2 2 Dharbandora Dharbandora Village Panchayats 49335 5.6 Block 3 Murmogoa 146384 68.5 Murmogoa Municipal Council 87650 40.5 Murmogoa block Village Panchayats 58734 22.31 4 Quepem 49779 37.16 Quepem Municipal Council 14775 4.8 Curchorem Municipal Council Quepem block Village panchayat 35004 8.61

5 Salcette 251804 52.39 Cuncolim Municipal Council 16623 5.5 Margao Municipal Council 87650 70 Salcette block Village Panchayats 147531 2.9 6 Sanguem 35879 4.823 Sanguem Municipal Council 6444 1.7 Sanguem block Village Panchayats 27573 0.323 7 Ponda 157966 18.23 Ponda Municipal Council 22664 14.5 Ponda block Village Panchayats 135302 4.936

4.1.1 Status of solid waste management in South Goa District.

As per the data provided by Municipal Councils and Village Panchayats, South Goa District generates around 197.87 MT, municipal solid waste per day which includes waste from urban and rural area. The typical composition of solid waste is 51% wet waste and 49 % dry waste. An average per capita waste generation is around 425 gpd. Around 68 % of waste generates due to household activities and 26% due to commercial activities, mainly restaurants and hotels. The state attracts close to 8 million tourist footfalls in a year added to its existing population of close to 1.5 million people.

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Presently, GWMC is the nodal body for solid waste management in the state of Goa.

Additionally, the Goa State Urban Development Agency is the nodal agency for implementation, coordination and monitoring in respect of all 14 Municipal Councils and City corporation in the state of Goa and GSUDA is operating under the Administrative control of the Directorate of Municipal Administration, Urban Development Department, Government of Goa.

In line with the SWM Rules, 2016 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, the solid waste is managed by the South Goa District efficiently.

The door to door waste collection system is efficient in the South Goa district. In all Municipal Councils it is achieved as 100%, except Curchorem which has 56% coverage. In rural areas collection it is achieved between 80 to 85%.

Baling machine for dry waste in Marmogoa Organic Waste Management Facilities in Ponda

In all Municipal Council source segregation is in practice and the segregated wet waste is collected daily and dry waste twice in a week. While in Village Panchayats it is picked up daily or alternate day, else on demand.

Auto tippers, Tata ACE and Jeep are the primary collection vehicles used for collection of household waste, which are loaded at predesignated nodal point in the wards of MCs. The Compactor/ mini trucks collect the waste from the hotels, restaurants and marriage halls directly. There is no uniform system followed by all the Village Panchayats in managing the solid waste. In Village Panchayats, waste collection and management system vary based on their topographical and physiological set up.

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Dry waste is taken to dry waste treatment facility at Verna. All the recyclable waste from the Municipal Council is transported to dry waste processing plant through a collecting agency and further segregated and sold to the vendors. However, non-recyclable waste is baled and transported to cement factories in Karnataka after baling. Upgradation of MRF is proposed in ULB’s namely Mormugao, Ponda, Cuncolim and Margao. This will be completed by December 2020.

Wet waste and waste from street sweeping (mainly leaves) and garden waste are transported for windrows composting. The wet waste is processed using windrow composting method and the generated compost is sold to public as well as to farmers. Similarly followed by other Municipal Councils.

As per survey (drone survey) conducted by GWMC there is about 4.7 lac m3 (estimated) of legacy waste is dumped across the Goa state at eleven locations. Out of these, three locations of legacy dumps are in South Goa. i.e. Bioremediation or capping of old and abandoned dump sites (i.e. legacy dumps) is under process .

GWMC has issued the work order to remediate legacy-waste dump at Sonsodo, Margao and Headland, Sada, Vasco-da-Gama of South Goa District and for remaining legacy dumps it will take another 3 years’ time excluding monsoons. Work at Sonsodo commenced on 15/12/2019. Work at Headland Sada commenced on 11/01/2020

As per honourable NGT order dated 15.07.2019 in O. A. No 710-713/2017, O.A. No. 606/2018 the duties and responsibilities of various stake holders to make the solid waste management plan, which should be successful and implementable.

In accordance to aforementioned order, Goa State government has mandated GWMC to prepare a holistic Solid Waste Management Policy for the state. It has set an ambitious goal of achieving zero-waste and zero landfill philosophy in the State. This, amongst others, envisages a state with high social awareness on garbage and public space hygiene at par with the best tourist destinations in the world.

The State Government has constituted the State Level Advisory Body (SLAB) Under rule 23 of SWM Rules 2016 the state has constituted the SLAB on 22nd March 2017. So far 7 meetings of each committee have been conducted. State Level Advisory Committee (SLAC) have also been constituted Under rule 16 of PWMC Rules 2016 the State Government has constituted SLAC on 30th November 2017. So far 15 meetings of SLAC have been conducted.

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In case of Goa, floating population is one of the key factors to be considered. Goa being a popular tourist destination and to maintain the tourist place an act called “The Goa Tourist Places (Protection and Maintenance) Act, 2001 (Goa Act 56 of 2001), was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Goa to protect and maintain the tourist places from deterioration and erosion and preserve their tourism potential. Goa tourist department have taken measures to clean the beaches by dividing tourist beaches in to 9 separate stretches and separate contractors were managing the solid waste.

Under Airport CSR Project - 10 TPD Material Recovery Facility and 10 TPD Bio digester are proposed for the treatment of solid waste. Signing of MoU between GWMC with Airport Director- Goa is in process.

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For the effective solid waste management in South Goa district following plan is proposed.

Door to •100 % for all Municipal Councils and Village panchayats door collection

•4 way: for Households into Wet, Dry, Sanitary Waste, Domestic Hazardous and Segregation • 6 plus fractions: for Commercial, Institutional and other Bulk generators of Waste

•Seperate collection in following manner •Wet Waste (+ Sanitary Waste) Stream-wise • Dry Waste (+ DH waste) collection • Street Sweeping

•quantum of waste •MCs/VPs in terrain and distance. Collection •Wet will be colelcted daily Frequency •Dry - alternate day/twice in a week / twice in a month

•Cluster based planning approach •these cluster comprises of transfer stations, transfer points and treatment facility Collection & •Entrie state divided in to five clusters . Transportati •Two clusters in South Goa district on

•CLUSTER 4 – Cacora comprises Dharbandora, Sanguem, Quepem and Canacona talukas. It has 30 VPs and 4 MCs. Clusters in •CLUSTER 5 – Verna which consists of Mormugao and Salcete talukas. It has 39 VPs and 3 MCs South Goa

•Cluster level integerated facility (CLIF) consist of TS +TP+ • Cacora CLIF Treatment & • Verna CLIF disposal

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However, the streamwise processing is also proposed at the source of generation in this integrated solid waste management plan.

Domestic Wet waste Dry waste sanitary waste Hazardous waste

Composting Resource Designated Two - Households (home Recovery Location for Incinerators Centres transport to (pilot plants) composting) treatment are proposed - Organic Waste - facility for domestic Converters at VP level Low Value Non hazardous waste where MSW <1 TPD Recyclables treatment Disposal at for Baling/ RDF - Bulk Generator level Regional Level Regional Level Facility /CLIF Incinerator Bio methanation Inerts for Engineered Sanitary Landfills

42 OA 360 NGT District Environment Plan for South Goa District Table 5: Solid waste management plan

Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Collection, 100% collection of solid CEO of Municipal Presently 100% waste collection (door to Village Panchayats has prepared In process of Segregation and waste from various Council/BDO of Blocksdoor) is there in all Municipal Councils and Village Waste Management Plan execution Treatment sources of generation /Village Panchayats. 80 to 90% in Village Panchayats / Blocks. and submitted to GWMC. Village of wet waste, household and bulk waste Panchayats are in process of dry waste – baling and etc. The Department of At source, segregation is done 80 to 100% executing the plan prepared for transport Environment in most of Municipal Councils except proper collections, transportation Curchorem. and scientific disposal of waste Goa Waste Management GSUDA is also providing real time Corporation (GWMC) monitoring system in swachh nagar portal under the swachh bharat mission where the Goa State Urban ULB & DMA can monitor percentage of Development Agency waste collected and segregated in the city. (GSUDA) In Blocks / V. P the segregation is 60 to 70 %. However mostly dry waste is collected as wet waste is mainly treated by individual household on site itself.

Around 197 MT/day of waste generates in entire South Goa. Decentralized waste management is practiced in South Goa District. Wet waste is processed using windrow composting / Vermicomposting. The generated compost is sold to public as well as to farmers.

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Integrated Solid Waste Management GWMC issued work order to Will be Facility is proposed in Cacora of 100 TPD concessionaire by February 2020, completing in (+20%) capacity, which will be catering to subjected to approvals. As per year 2022 Sanguem, Dharbandora, Quepem and tender condition the timeline for Canacona Talukas and the estimated cost commencement is 24 months is of 173.98 Cr. from issue of work order.

Solid Waste Management Facility is EIA studies for the said project is Will be proposed at Verna of 250 TPD capacity + in process and will be completed completing in 20%, which will be catering to Mormugao by August 2020. year 2022 & Salcete Talukas

The dry waste collected from each MC is transported to their waste processing unit. All the recyclable waste from the MCs is transported to the dry waste units of Verna and post segregation sold to vendors. Non- recyclable waste is baled in baling machines of 35 tons capacity at 5 location in South District and transported to cement factories in Karnataka for co processing in kiln.

Domestic hazardous waste such as This is to be established by all Up to 2021 discarded paint, drums, used batteries, CFLMunicipal councils and village bulbs etc need to be collected separately panchayats. and hand over to common hazardous waste facility authorized by GSPCB

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Quantification and For quantification purpose, GWMC has At present most of the village characterization of total proactively appointed agency in year 2018 panchayats are quantifying the solid waste generation (iDeck) for quantification, characterization dry waste, other wastes are not from various sources. of waste at actuals and develop treatment quantified. and disposal options. However, the quantification and Manual sweeping is around 100 % in characterization of waste is Mormugao and Margao Municipal Council carried out by the agency while Quepem, Curchorem, Sanguem and appointed by GWMC. in year Canacona has partial coverage. 2018. Check on Compliances Bulk waste generators GSPCB/Village Inventory for bulk waste generator is Bulk waste generators were In process by all waste and segregated waste Panchayats/ Municipal already prepared Goa being the destiny for identified by Village Panchayats, generators collection Councils popular tourism so bulk waste generation in out of which 218 Bulk Waste hotels and restaurant are more in number Generators have set up wet waste slaughterhouse waste generation is also disposal facilities and the high. remaining 46 are in process to set up disposal facilities. Strengthening the Staff of ULB’s to be DoP, DMA, GSPCB Workshops on “Goa Non-Biodegradable Regular awareness programs Two capacities of the ULBs trained to impart Garbage (Control) Act, 1996, various have been conducted for stake awareness and local authorities adequate knowledge for offences and enforcement options, for all holders. programs in a in view of proper implementation of the stakeholders of municipalities and year are infrastructure, finance sustainable SWM. panchayats in South Goa have been proposed. and operations for conducted in 2018 reaching out to around SWM 200 stakeholders.

Logistic infrastructure to Pertaining to infrastructure at present 51 be make available from No of vehicles are available in South Goa for the Financial allocation collection of Solid waste in Municipal 45 OA 360 NGT District Environment Plan for South Goa District Table 5: Solid waste management plan

Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule made by the Govt in this councils. However, there is no transfer regard. station in South Goa district.

Three transfer stations and six new transfer Under process points are proposed in South district. ……. No of Collection vehicle and route has also been proposed with clustering approach considering the space constraints and distances of Municipal council /Village Panchayat. Notification and ULBs will frame byelaws The Department of Goa already has enacted the Goa Non- Implementation of By-incorporating the Environment. Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act, 1996 - Law. Development of provisions of SWM The Act emphasizes on the practice of policy Rules,2016 and notify Municipal Council segregation of waste, source reduction, accordingly and levy fine reuse and recycling. The Act prohibits on polluters. throwing of garbage into any of the drains, open spaces, etc. It lays down the mechanism to penalise the offenders.

The amendment of this Act namely The Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) (Second Amendment) Bill, 2013 was promulgated to levy Cess on generators

Rural Garbage Disposal Scheme 2005 The Rural Garbage Disposal Scheme 2005 divides the villages of Goa into clusters. Each cluster shall have a common site for 46 OA 360 NGT District Environment Plan for South Goa District Table 5: Solid waste management plan

Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule garbage disposal in compliance with the Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act 1996 and dispose the non- biodegradable waste into the designated sites.

The V.P shall process the biodegradable waste and encourage sale of compost. They shall collect user charges /Garbage tax from the residents for garbage collection and disposal. Awareness Public awareness to be GWMC routinely conducts awareness and . In 2018-19 almost 50,000 Twice in a created through IEC DoP, DMA, GSPCB, training workshops across Goa. The target persons have been sensitized on year campaign with GWMC audience is mostly the students and general various aspects related to solid participation of SHGs, public in various panchayats. waste management NGOs, students Also, GSUDA conducted various awareness programmes and campaigns like cycle rally, school children rally, street play etc. Monitoring and To understand the Time to time monitor/review, the SLAB & SLAC are already in place . Review performance of SWM GSPCB / GWMC performance of respective Municipal Further District Level Environment system and to take steps / Municipal Council / V. P Council and Village Panchayats on waste Committee is also been formed to at appropriate time for segregation, transportation processing, monitor the progress. violators. treatment and disposal and take corrective measures.

Where in monitoring of segregation, etc. will also be carried out by GPS tracking of 47 OA 360 NGT District Environment Plan for South Goa District Table 5: Solid waste management plan

Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule vehicle for monitoring the performance of solid waste. is proposed. District Level Environment Committee will sit monthly to review the status of execution of SWM.

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4.2 Plastic Waste Management Present Scenario in the District. The plastic waste generated in South Goa is around 23% of dry waste. Around 36 tons of plastic waste generate per day in South Goa District as per iDeck report. Being the tourist destination, the generation of dry waste and plastic waste is comparatively more in the district. Major beaches such as , Benaulim, Bogmala, Canacona, Madgao etc. are located in South Goa district.

Plastic waste to be managed in accordance with the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2018 with an emphasis on the 3R /4R principles of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery. Segregated dry waste from all Municipal Councils are dispatched to Verna dry waste facility it is further segregated manually into plastic, paper, glass, coconut shell, clothes, metal, etc. Recyclables plastic waste are baled and sold to vendors through an auctioning process. The non- recyclable plastic waste is baled and transported to cement factories in Karnataka. Similarly, for Village Panchayats, recyclable plastic waste is segregated and sold off to vendors and non- recyclable waste is baled as RDF and transported to cement factories in Karnataka.

The GSPCB has granted ‘registration to 35 plastic manufacturing units under rule 13 of plastic waste management rule 2016 amended in 2018. Implementation of ban on plastics below < 50 microns thickness and penalizing violators is being practiced. Government of Goa is also amended the Goa Non-Biodegradable Act 1996 for banning of single-use plastic and levying of fine for littering etc. The amendment is notified as “the Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) (Amendment) Act, 2019”

The segregated dry waste from 89 VPs are being collected and transported by vendor then further plastic waste is baled at 5 locations viz Chicalim-Mormugao, Cana Benaulim – Salcete, Varca- Salcete, Majorda-Utorda-Calata- Mormugao, Sancoale- Mormugao of South Goa District. The bailing machines are of 5- 10 HP capacity. Non-recyclable plastic is further baled and transported to cement factories in Karnataka.

Plastic to fuel plant is proposed in Goa at Taluka to cater the entire Goa state. The contract has been given to M.K. Aromatics Ltd. in year 2014. Plastic to fuel plant is to be operational from year 2015. However it is not in operation yet, hence the hight court of Bombay at Goa directed the company to get the plant operation by May 15, 2020.

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Table 6: - Plastic Waste Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Quantification of plastic To implement the robust GWMC/ Municipal System for inventorisation is to be Not initiated separately Under process waste generation system for plastic waste Council /BDO established mainly for bulk plastic for plastic waste as such management waste generators Implementation of Door to Door collection, GWMC/ Municipal 100% door to door collection with Collection and Segregated Waste collection, Council /BDO segregation at source is already segregation Plastic waste collection at implemented in all Municipal MRF. Corporation except Curchorem. In Blocks /V. P the collection and segregation is 60 to 70 %.

Authorization of PW pickers, Authorization of PW pickers is to be Not initiated at PW collection Centers to be established in the district with the Municipal council levels ensured help of local NGO. / Village Panchayats level. However dry To initiate waste is collected by an agency in 146 village panchayats of Goa . Establishment of List of PROs of GWMC/ Municipal Linkage with NEPRA Resource Already initiated at Under process linkage with producers/NGO to be Councils /BDOs Management Pvt Ltd, Karo Sambhav Municipal council levels / Stakeholders collected and steps to be and Sampurn(e)arth Environment Village Panchayats level taken for initiating linkage as Solutions Pvt. Ltd has been per PWM-2016 established Availability of facilities Each ULBs /RLBs in GWMC/ Municipal All Municipal Councils have the for Recycling or consultation prepare plan for Council /BDO manual MRF/sorting station to cater utilization of PW setting up facilities for to the dry waste of their respective Recycling or utilization of PW. jurisdiction where the recyclables

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 and non-recyclables are segregated

MRF is used in Municipal Council as well as village panchayts.

Co-processing of non-recyclable plastic waste in Cement Kiln is already practiced in MC and all V.P.

Plastic to fuel plant of 10 TPD Under construction Will be completed capacity is under construction at in May 2020. Pernem to cater the entire state.

10 TPD Material Recovery Facility The proposal is under MoU is under is also proposed under the CSR consideration by progress. scheme of Airport Project Airport Authority of Chicalim India (AAI) CSR Board Implementation of PW To Ensure Implementation of GSPCB, Dept of Ban on plastics below < 50 microns Ban is implemented and Management Rules, PW Management Rules, 2016. Environment and / thickness and penalizing violators is defaulter are penalized. 2016 Municipal Council already implemented. /BDO MCs in association with District Surprise inspection to To initiate Administration will conduct be initiated Surprise inspection on the commercial establishments for the eradication of banned plastic and Sealing of units producing < GIDC/GSPCB/DM imposes fine for those who store,

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 50- micron plastic. sell and use the banned items.

To identify such units and implement the law. Implementation of To identify Producers/Brand- GSPCB/ Dept of Linkage with NEPRA Resource Identified NEPRA In process Extended Producers owners and act in accordance Environment and / Management Pvt Ltd, Karo Resource Management Responsibility (EPR) with Govt. policies / Municipal Council Sambhav and Sampurn(e)arth Pvt Ltd, Karo Sambhav through Producers notifications in this regard /BDO Environment Solutions Pvt. Ltd has and Sampurn(e)arth /Brand- owners been established Environment Solutions Pvt. Ltd Awareness Public Awareness and GSPCB/GWMC GSUDA has conducted several Awareness campaigns participation to be created plastic awareness campaigns like are in progress. plastic mukt bharat, shramdhaan (mass movement), pledges for plastic free India, mass segregation drives, organized school rallies under Municipal Councils of Goa.

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4.3. C&D Waste Management

The Construction & Demolition (C & D) Waste The waste comprising of building materials, debris and rubble resulting from construction, re-modeling, repair and demolition of any civil structure produced in the district is presently being dumped on Road side and mostly filled in low lying areas. The Office of the Principal Chief Engineer, PWD, Government of Goa, vide Notification no 5-1-PCE-PWD-EO/2018/181 dated 07/03/2018 referring to the haphazard disposal of C & D waste has identified locations for dumping the construction debris.

Goa PWD has identified 13 sites for disposing of C&D waste. Out of which 6 are in and around South Goa district.

1. NH 17 to on the acquired Margao By-pass 2. NH 4A Khandepar to Curti on Khandepar By-pass Curti-Keryan 3. NH 17 Chawdi to Talpona Canacona By-pass approach of Galgibag Cancona side 4. NH 17: Varunapuri to Baina on NH 17B acquired land at Sada 5. NH 17B IDC entry junction to end of IDC jurisdiction on side 6. NH 17 to Verna on NH 17 existing RHS of Verna By-pass

To implement safe and sound treatment and utilisation of C&D waste in Goa . As a part of the C&D-WIN activities, SINTEF and Goa Waste Management Corporation (GWMC) has signed a MoU. In Goa the C &D waste is more due to demolition activity, which is directly linked to the tourism industry. The demolition activity in Goa is mainly concentrated in 4 to 5 major coastal pockets, Vasco and Madgaon in the South Goa. Goa being the popular tourist place and as the footfall of tourists have been on the rise generating big demand for hotel rooms during the tourist season the C & D waste is increasing. Most of the demolition is carried out by a JCB. The net result is that all materials are mixed in the debris and any recovery of C&D waste is extremely challenging. The demolished waste is carted by transporters to dumping sites or sold to those who use the material as backfill. The transporters generally charge Rs. 1500 to Rs. 1800 for a truck of 2.5 – 3 MT capacity to cart away the demolished waste.

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Table 7: - C&D Waste Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Quantification of Survey and Investigate the Municipal Council As there is no authentic data of Estimation of quantity of C & D Completed C&D waste C & D generators under the /BDO available with Municipal councils is done for complete state. generation jurisdiction of ULBs/RLB . PWD/ GWMC and village panchayats on the Around 108 tons per day C & D Identify regular bulk waste volume of C&D waste or the waste waste generation in district. generators (Contractors or stream generated in Goa. GWMC Salcette is highest generator. Builders and Demolition had signed MoU with SINTEFF to waste generators) prepare inventory and develop C&D waste management plan.

Collection and Distribution of Collecting, No systematic segregation and DPR for C&D waste storage of C &D Transporting and collection of C&D waste in MCs management plan is in place. In process waste Processing of C & D and VPs. Wherein plan for segregation and collection is given

At present PWD has Identified 13 Identification is done and Treatment of C & D Wastes locations across Goa next to implementation is going on. Completed or Transformation National Highways and state roads for ULB’s and others to deposit its C&D waste

Two transfer stations and Joint inspection conducted with collections points for proper SINTEF Consultant at Verna IDC collection and delivery of C&D for setting up transfer station waste are proposed. for South Goa.

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Construction and Demolition Procedure for transfer of land waste management / recycling is in-process. facility is proposed at Bicholim to 30 months cater the entire state of Goa in an from the date area of 44,678 sq.m and with 500 of acquisition TPD capacity which will operates of the identified under the wet technology land. principles of international standard. Cost of the project is approx 120 Cr Implementation C & D Wastes Strategy is in progress for a Finalisation is in process - of scheme for generators representative fee to be paid by permitting bulk Contractors/ waste generators to ensure that waste Builders / polluter pays principle is upheld generators TCP/PWD Establishment of Municipal Council setting up a composite /all in one Identification of Land of 4000 C&D Waste Identify and allocation of /BDO/ transfer station for C & D Waste sqm for Setting up of Transfer Deposition land for deposition centre GWMC and build a wall is proposed at Stations is in process. centers/ Colavale. transfer Construction and fencing stations. of deposition censer. Use of abandoned quarries/pits GWMC identified following Identify the transportation for backfilling of C&D Waste quarries/mining pit in revenue point land in South Goa Dharbandora-Pillem Village

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Implementation Implementation of Bye- Municipal Council Currently no bye laws are Development of bye laws for a of Bye- Laws for Laws for CD Waste /BDO/ executed. It is proposed to issue penalty mechanism for CD Waste Management as well as GWMC/TCP advisory to all Government polluters found dumping C&D Management Collection of Deposition / departments mandating use of at-waste along roads, beaches, disposal Charges least 2 % C&D recycled products river, low lying areas fields etc. for building works, 10 % C&D based on polluters pay recycled products for road works principle in progress. It is to and requiring ULBs to mandate 5 finalised. % C&D recycled products for non- structural applications by all, including private individuals. Establishment of Municipal Council Construction & Demolition Waste Land acquisition for Proposed In process C&D Waste To establish a C&D Waste /BDO/ Management Facility – Bicholim C&D Waste Management recycling plant or recycling plant. GWMC 500 TPD capacity. Approx. 44,678 Facility linkage with sqm at Bicholim. Catering to NOC from TCP, administrative such facility entire state fof Goa costing approval from DST is received Approx 120 Cr. and approval of Dy Collector GWMC collected & sent revenue is awaited. approximate 40 tons C & D Waste NOC from Forest Dept is composite samples to Delhi C & D awaited. Waste Management Facility for analysis.

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4.4 Bio – Medical Waste Management

Biomedical waste’ (BMW) means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities.

Health Care Facilities (HCFs’) in the State generate about 2 tons of BMW per day and are being disposed-off as per the provision of the Bio-medical Waste Rules, 2018. The Health Care Facilities (HCFs’) are disposing the waste generated in (i) Deep-burial pits, (b) Encapsulation pits after treatment using Autoclave / disinfection, (c) Shredding.

The State through Goa Medical College (GMC)/ GWMC commissioned incinerator of 100 Kg/hr at Goa Medical College on 20/01/2020.

As per inventorisation of biomedical waste carried out by Toxic links agency appointed by GWMC, currently the total BMW generation is 2992 kgs from health care facilities and total sanitary waste generated from households per day is 17179 kgs in entire state.

Goa currently does not have a Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) to treat and dispose its BMW. However, around 113 captive disposal facilities exist in South Goa district (as per GSPCB). According to the Goa State Pollution Control Board South Goa District has 420 healthcare facilities that include 192 clinics, 29 pathological laboratories and 62 hospitals and nursing homes,121 dental clinics, 1veternary hospital and 2 bioresearch lab out of which 30 are authorised HCF with bed and 85 non bedded HCF.

As per the study carried out by GWMC/ toxic link around 1034 kg per day of biomedical waste generated in South Goa district. Of this, part of the waste is disposed of by Healthcare Institutions by adopting the deep burial pit method, the recyclable treated BMW is disposed of after pre-treatment to recyclers, and some picked up by the local Municipalities.

A GSPCB authorized firm, Goa Health Monitoring Services (GHMS) has been collecting and managing some amount of the BMW generated in the State, primarily in and around Panaji GHMS is currently utilizing the facility at GMC which has an incinerator and a hydroclave.

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Table 8: - Biomedical Waste Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Preparation of Inventorisation of GSPCB/Chief health Inventorisation of Biomedical waste Completed Inventory / Occupiers and data on officer/MC/VP generation is conducted by toxic links- quantification of bio-medical waste The Just Environmental Charitable Trust Biomedical generation, treatment in year 2018 Waste Generation & disposal which are to be updated at least two times each year Collection, Segregation Biomedical Waste to Chief health At present Goa Health Monitoring & Treatment of be managed in officer/MC/VP Services (GHMS) has been collecting biomedical waste accordance with the and disposing some quantity of the Bio Medical Waste BMW generated in district. Management Rules, 2016. Capacity HCF should be made Health At present only few health facilities are GWMC appointed building/training of aware of their roles Department, providing for segregation and handling agency, Toxics Link HCFs and responsibilities GWMC and of biomedical waste. would conduct a under the Bio Medical /MC/BDO It is proposed to conduct training capacity building Waste Management program by toxic link along with a session for the Rules, 2016 training manual for BMW healthcare fraternity For proper management, interactive members so as to build management of the presentations addressing different awareness on all issues waste in the sections of the health care (hazards, pilferage, healthcare facilities professionals (in local language compliance, illegal the technical required), IEC Materials including selling

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 requirements of segregation posters, ward boy safety of plastics etc.) of waste handling are posters, etc. use of informative videos BMW management needed to be to disseminate information will also be and the concerned understood and generated. Rules. Training sessions practiced by each will be conducted for category of the staff HCF staff, doctors, in accordance with Nurses and the the BMWM Rules, Sanitation staff. 2016. Authorization of HCFs Every HCFs and Clinical GSPCB /MC/V. P At present 30 bedded facilities and 85 Notices have been by SPCBs / PCCs Establishment should non bedded facilities are authorized by issued and be authorized by GSPCB in South Goa authorization of GSPCB under Bio remaining HCF are in Medical Waste process Management Rules, 2016 Common Treatment For effective treatment GWMC/GSPCB Common Bio-Medical Waste Consent to Establish The plant will and Disposal and safe disposal of Treatment and Disposal Facility granted by GSPCB on be Facilities of Biomedical biomedical waste (CBWTDF) of 200 Kg/hr. incinerators 06/01/2020 commissioned Waste CBMWTFs) under BMW rules 2016 capacity in an area of 10,000 sqm in Civil work of compound in 24 months Kundaim Industrial Estate with the wall commenced. from the issue cost of 12 Cr approx. will be catering to of work order. entire state of Goa. Goa state Government intent to establish this project, to bring in a

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 holistic, dynamic and sustainable BMW management system in the state by setting up a state-of-the-art Common BMW Treatment under Public Private Partnership model. Monitoring and Review For Compliance byGSPCB / Facility Monitoring and auditing of the To be initiated CBMWTFs, Barcode operator. operation of the CBMWTF by District tracking by HCFs / level committee CBMWTFs and Compliance to standards.

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4.5 Hazardous Waste Management.

“Hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason of characteristics such as physical, chemical, biological, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive, causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or in contact with other wastes or substances under Hazardous waste and transboundary movement rules 2016 .

Presently there is no Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) within Goa state. Industries here are required to dispose their hazardous waste in other nearby states. As per GSPCB, there are 598 industries (approx.) in South Goa district generating nearly 18485.6 MTPA of Haz Waste. Out of which 2817.9 MT is incinerable, 9638 MT landfillable and 6028.69 MT recyclable or utilizable waste.

Out of the total authorized units, approx. 65 % of the units are only generating HW under category 5.1 (i.e. Used spent oil from D.G.sets, etc.) and approx. 10% of the units are only generating HW under category 33.1 (i.e. discarded drums/empty containers from small fabrication units etc.)

The State is in a process of setting-up Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) at Pissurlem, with capacity of 25,000 TPA Secured Landfill & 1.5 ton/hr incinerators in an area of 77,574 Sq.m at Pissurlem Industrial Estate. With the primary objective of to provide scientific treatment/ disposal of Hazardous Wastes through Incineration/ common landfill facility to cater to the hazardous wastes’ generation in Goa state.

As discussed in previous paragraphs, there are 23 industrial estates in Goa as Goa has seen a steady growth of industries in the recent years. Government of Goa, while encouraging industrial growth, is also conscious about the Environmental impacts of the industries. Hazardous waste is one of them, thus hazardous generated needs treatment and disposal which cannot be undertaken at individual industry level, as this will result in creating pollution hot spots at multiple locations.

In Goa, a special purpose vehicle is formed in view of increasing industrial activity in the state leading to an increasing industrial waste load, industries. GIDC encouraged the Industries to form a special purpose vehicle designated as Goa Industries Environment Management Association (GEIMA). GEIMA is an umbrella organization of industries generating hazardous waste formed in the State of Goa primarily to address the issues of hazardous waste disposal. GEIMA is facilitating this project of hazardous waste disposal site in Goa for and on behalf of Goan industries.

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The State has around 1029 industrial units that generate hazardous waste. There are 1018 industries involved in producing incineration waste, 918 create recyclable waste and 310 are into land-fillable waste..

As per GSPCB there are two Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility (captive) in Goa as on January 2020 1. M/s Nicomet Industries Limited (Captive Secured Landfill facility ,Phase I (a) & I (b)), Plot No L15, 19,20, Cuncolim Industrial Estate. 2. M/s Deccan Fine Chemicals (India) Private Limited, Santa Monica Works, Corlim, IIhas ,Goa 403110 (Captive Incinerators ).

GSPCB has authorised M/s. Canacona Hydrocarbons, Plot No.87 & 89, Canacona Industrial Estate, Canacona Goa for South Goa district for collection and transport of hazardous waste for the recyclers/utilizer/disposal facilities which are located outside the and authorization capacity is 16200 MT.

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Table 9: - Hazardous Waste Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Preparation of To record the GWMC, Inventory of hazardous waste Inventory completed ‘Inventory / hazardous waste Department of generation is available for quantification of generation Environment, South Goa district. Hazardous Waste Govt. of Goa and Generators’ GSPCB. Contaminated Sites To check ground water GSPCB and, Illegal industrial hazardous Closure notice to industry and illegal industrial and land contamination Department of waste of 25,000 tons dumped and insolvency declared by hazardous waste Environment, in Cuncolim Industrial Estate by company dumpsites Govt. of Goa Ms Sunrise Zinc and is now occupied by Ms Axis Pvt Ltd. Court case had been filed against them by GSPCB Authorization of At present 598 industries are industries by authorized by GSPCB SPCBs/PCCs Treatment and disposal To control land and GIEMA At present, Goa state does not Civil work for CHWTSDF First cell of landfill will of HW in Common ground water have CHWTSDF. commenced. commenced by May Hazardous Waste TSDF contamination and Setting up of Common 2020 and the facility abide HWM rule 2016 Hazardous Waste Treatment, shall commence in 18 Storage & Disposal in process months (i.e March with 25,000 TPA Secured 2021) from the date of Landfill & 1.5 ton/hr. execution of agreement. incinerators capacity 77,574 Sq. at plot at 5, Pissurlem Industrial

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Estate for entire state of Goa with cost of Approx. 80 Cr Establishment of Waste ULBs linked to Common MC/BDO/GWMC All Municipal councils and It is considered in the SWM To be initiated deposition centers for TSDFs for Domestic Village panchayats will policy of Goa to establish domestic hazardous Hazardous Waste establish waste deposition the DHW centre. waste centers for domestic hazardous waste and give direction for waste generators to deposit domestic hazardous wastes at this center for its safe disposal. Monitoring of GSPCB And facility District Level Monitoring Compliance operator Committee under the chairmanship of District Collector South Goa District to monitor the compliance of the provisions of Hazardous waste Management Rules.

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4.6 . E-Waste Management 'e-waste' means electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part discarded as waste by the consumer or bulk consumer as well as rejects from manufacturing, refurbishment and repair processes.

Current practices in Goa were limited to collection and transportation of E- waste to other cities like Delhi, Bangalore etc. for recycling activities. Scrap vendors collected E- waste from Government. offices, residential areas, industries, private institutes, banks etc. Such E-waste was then stored at the scrap yards. When considerable E- waste was collected at the scrap yards they were then packed and transported to the recycling facilities at other cities.

As per the GSPCB annual reports the yearly collection of E-waste in the State was about 440 tons in 2017-18. Collection of E-Waste from the month of February 2019 till is 23.875 tons by M/s. Karo Sambhav Pvt. Ltd. Presently considering the less quantity of generation of e-waste (7,682.24 MT), it’s not economically viable to setup recycling facility. However, the process to comply with the E-waste Rules, 2016 (i.e. collection of E-waste, segregation and scientific disposal) is in place through M/s Karo Sambhav for scientific disposal with authorised recyclers at Bengaluru, Karnataka.

However, the State is exploring a proposal for Design Build and Operate an E-Waste Management (Collection, Storage, and Dismantling). GIDC has allotted land to GWMC of 4000 sqmt. each at Pissurlem & Sanguem IDC for E Waste Management. Currently, waste collected is stored at SWMF, Saligao.

GSPCB has authorized M/s Global E-Waste Management Systems Plot No: Shop No 729/s-1 to 729/s-5 , Sonum Township Nessai for the collection and Dismantling of E waste under E waste (Management & Handling), Rules 2011 & E waste (Management) Rules, 2016.

For extended producers’ responsibility (EPR) purpose, GSPCB has authorized IFB Industries Ltd. situated at L-1, Verna Electronic City, Verna, Salcete Goa under E waste (Management) Rules, 2016.

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Table 10: - E- Waste Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Collection of E-Waste Collection Centers to be GWMC/ MC/BDO The Goa Waste Management On going - established by ULBs in GSPCB Corporation (GWMC) has signed District a MoU with M/s. Karo Sambhav Pvt. Ltd. on 9th January 2019 for Authorizing E-Waste undertaking awareness creation collectors / Dismantler and collection of E-waste across the state of Goa. M/s. Karo Involvement of NGOs Sambhav Pvt. Ltd is a Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO) having authorisation from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). It is a collection partner for the GWMC taking responsibility to procure E-waste from the State and channelizing it to authorized recyclers.

The Goa State Pollution Control Board has authorized M/s Global E-waste Management System for dismantling of E-waste with capacity of 103 MT/annum. Control of E-Waste to close illegal GSPCB One collection centers and On going - related pollution trading or processing one Dismantler have been of E-Waste. Informal granted authorization by

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule trading, dismantling, GSPCB for collection of E and recycling of e- waste under E waste waste exists in District (Management) Rules, 2016. E Waste State to ensure earmarking or Tender shall be floated for by February allocation of Industrial space Management in the selection of service 2020. or shed for e-waste provider for Design Build State of Goa dismantling and recycling in and Operate an E-Waste the existing and upcoming Management (Collection, industrial estate (100%) Storage, and Dismantling

& Disposal) for the State GWMC is planning of developing a smart and of Goa. intelligent E-waste management system for handling Electronic Waste generated in the State supported by online system with the help of toxic links. Awareness To conduct District GWMC/MC/BDO Agency appointed by GWMC Continuous process level Awareness “Karo Sambhav “has created Campaigns around 50 awareness sessions in Village Panchayats, Colleges, Government Departments and different organizations.

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5.0 Water Quality Management Plan As per Water resource department South Goa, there are around 235 water bodies (tanks) and around 825 borewells and 2076 open wells in South Goa District. There are 132 bandharas and 4 dams in south Goa as per WRD.

There are 14 major and minor rivers/rivulets flow through the district of South Goa covering length of around 694 km (as per WRD). The detail list of river and rivulets with lengths are given in Annexure.

Goa is drained by nine major rivers (as per zoning atlas of Goa) that are perennial and have high water flow particularly during the monsoons. In addition to this, the State is privileged to receive an enormous average of approximately 3000 mm rainfall annually. The total water potential in Goa amounts to approximately 8570 MCM. But despite this huge percentage of assured water, owing to the topography of Goa, most of this water ultimately gets drained into the Arabian Sea.

The surface water in Goa is predominantly used for domestic, irrigation and industrial purposes. Other uses include propagation of wildlife, organized bathing at pilgrim centers, fish and shrimp farming and hydel power generation.

There are 11 polluted river stretches identified by the CPCB in the state of Goa in year 2018. Out of these, four rivers are in South Goa district viz. , Talpona river, and Khandepar river. Polluted stretches of river indicating levels of pollutants (as monitored by GSPCB under NWMP for the period of 2015-2018). Prioritization of rivers are done by CPCB based on the concentration of BOD in five classes from priority I to V.

Table 11. Polluted stretch of rivers in South Goa District as per CPCB Name of Polluted stretch Level of pollutants (as monitored CPCB the river by GSPCB under NWMP) Prioritization (Maximum values are presented amongst all three season) Sal Khareband to Khareband Priority III stretch of DO- 0.1 to 8.2 mg/l 22 kms BOD – 0.6 to 32 mg/l Faecal coliform – 7900 to 54,000 MPN/100ml

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Along Canacona Cancona Talpona Priority IV (Talpona to DO- 4.9 to 8.9 mg/l Gokarna Math) BOD – 0.7 to 3.7 mg/l Faecal coliform – 33 to 2400 MPN/100ml Kodli to Opa stretch Opa Ponda Khandepar Priority V of 10 kms DO- 5.2-7.9 mg/l BOD – 0.4 to 2.7 mg/l Faecal coliform – 330 to 54,00 MPN/100ml Zuari Curchorem to Madkai jetty Priority V Madkai stretch of DO -3.2 to 7.8 mg/l 28 km BOD – 0.9 to 5.8 mg/l Faecal coliform – 450 to 4900 MPN/100ml

DO, BOD and Faecal coli form values of above table reveals that BOD values are marginally higher, however Faecal / total coliform is on higher side then prescribed criteria. Finding of studies carried out for River action plan is that the major cause of river pollution is Sewage discharge (untreated) by urban population and solid waste dumping. It is also observed that there is no industrial pollution along these river stretches, there is no direct discharge into the rivers. Thus, as per NGT Order dated 20th Sept. 2018 an action plan for rejuvenation of above four rivers are prepared recently by Unity I.E World Pvt. Ltd. . The Government of Goa has constituted a River Rejuvenation Committee (RRC) comprising of various departments under the Chairmanship of Secretary (Environment). River action plans were approved by the RRC for onward submission to the NGT and for further implementation through various departments concerned. River action plan mainly comprises of following measures: - A. Source Control: The source control includes the industrial pollution control and treatment and disposal of domestic sewage. The industrial areas along the bank of rivers as well as the flows from the tributaries contributing to the rivers have been analysed . Channelization, treatment, utilisation and disposal of treated domestic sewage is proposed. 69 OA 360 NGT District Environment Plan for South Goa District

B. River Catchment / Basin Management: Controlled ground water extraction and periodic quality assessment is proposed. Periodic monitoring of ground water resources and regulation of ground water extraction by industries particularly over exploded and critical zones has been advised. The major portion of the river is in saline zone / tidal affected and not used for irrigation purpose.

C. Flood Plane Zone: Regulating activity in flood plain zone: Encroachments has been identified a few locations including the domestic sewage disposal in the river / tributaries. Diversion of the sewage discharge and provision of connection to the nearby sewerage network within the period of Six months is proposed.

Management of Municipal, Plastic, Hazardous, Bio-Medical & Electrical and Electronic Waste. Local bodies shall improve /upgrade the existing SWM facility and diligently implement the 100% collection, segregation and treatment and disposal of solid waste within 6 months (mainly semi urban panchayats along the river bank )

Greenery Development – Plantation Plan .

D. Ecological / Environmental Flow (E-Flow): Issues relating to E- Flow: All three rivers (Zuari, Talpona and Kahndepar have sufficient flow during the lean season also. Sal river is non perennial hence E-flow issues are there.

Irrigation practices: The major portion of the river is in saline zone / tidal affected and not used for irrigation purpose.

The action strategies designed to rejuvenate all these rivers under RAP are as follows.

Action Strategy River Stretch Agency Time Frame SAL RIVER Connection of Khareband Nalla to Khareband SIDCGL, WRD 18 months North Trunk main sewer line, which will be treated in 20 MLD STP The flow from Shirvodem Nallah is Shirvodem SIDCGL Completed presently diverted to 20MLD STP at Shirvodem, Navelim. Same is being treated & left in the nullah on

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Action Strategy River Stretch Agency Time Frame downstream side, the flow diverted water ranges from 2-5 MLD Replacement of the Old Sewerage Margao town, SIDCGL, PWD 18 months Network system, laying of new Navelim and other sewerage sub urban system providing House areas around connections to the existing Margao sewerage system Improvement and upgradation of Margao MC, GSUDA, the existing Solid Waste Cuncolim MC, Margao MC, Management Facility including Navelim,Telaulim, Cuncolim MC collection system, composting Cana Benaulim, & concerned facilities and erection of Varca, Orlim, Village material recovery facilities /storage Carmona, , Panchayats shed for nonbiodegradable waste at , Velim, Sonsoddo Margao Mobor

De-silting of River Sal Telaulim to Varca Captain of 24 months Ports De-weeding Khareband to Water 6 months Navelim Resources (By March Department 2020) Recycling and Reuse of treated Khareband to SIDCGL 12 months sewage from the Sewage treatment Navelim plant at Colva for flushing and maintaining E-flow during dry season. Installation of DO control measures Khareband to WRD 6 months Navelim Training and Capacity Building, River Sal (Polluted GSPCB 6 months Awareness Program Stretch) Zuari, Talpona and Khandepar River Disconnection of direct discharges For Zuari Directorate 6 months of domestic sewage into the River / Curchorem to ofPanchayat storm water drains/ Nallahs Madkai and Directorate  Disconnection of the direct of Health discharge into the river / For Talpona

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Action Strategy River Stretch Agency Time Frame stormwater drain/Nallahs. Along the Installation of Bio toilets Canacona a) Talpona  Construction of septic tank b) Poinginium and soak pits by residential houses For Kahandepar Codli to U/s of Opa water works a) Khandepar b) Usgao Improvement and up gradation of For Zuari River 18 Respective 12 the existing Solid Waste locations as Village months Panchayat and management Facility including mentioned in RAP. Directorate of collection system and erection of For Talpona river Panchayat material recovery facilities / a) Talpona storage shed for nonbiodegradable b) Poinginium waste in the village panchayat areas along the banks of River Establishment of toilets at Fishing For Zuari at Department 6 Jetty Cortalim of Fisheries months For Talpona at Talpona fishing jetty Implementation of underground SIDCGL 12 sewerage scheme as well as STPs months are in progress Construction of Common Goa Waste 18 Biomedical waste at Kundaim Management months Industrial Estate corporation Collection of the E-waste generated - - and transported to authorised recyclers

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Table 12: - Water Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Preparation of Inventory of water Water resource List of water resources is prepared List of water resources are Completed Inventory of water resources in District department and available with WRD enclosed as available with WRD. resources in District covering Rivers, Coastline annexure. and other natural water bodies, Nalas/ Drains meeting Rivers Lakes / Ponds, etc Collection of data for To check the ground and GSPCB and Monthly surface water monitoring of On going process - Water Quality surface water pollution Dept of water quality of river is carried out environment. under National Water Monitoring Program (NWMP) of CPCB. Water monitoring and analysis will also be carried out for other rivers. Preparation of Control of Groundwater WRD and GSPCB Ground water quality is monitored by On going process - inventory for ground Water Quality and GSPCB as well GSDA also. water quantity

Monitoring and Availability of Water GSPCB / Monitoring cell is created by GSPCB Completed - compliance Quality Data. Creation of Captain of port monitoring cell. Control of River side River side activities like GSPCB/ There is no riverside open Steps to control duping of Six months Activities River Side open MC/BDO defecation as such. For idol solid waste on riverbanks defecation, Dumping of immersion villages have identified at few locations (as SW on riverbanks, Idol few locations in the river starch or mentioned in River action

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 immersion etc. to be ponds. plan) controlled Besides this GSPCB conducts water quality monitoring before and 15 days after idol immersion.

However, idols of plaster of paris are completely ban in the district. Control of Water Monitoring of Action GSPCB Monthly surface water monitoring River action plan for - Pollution in Rivers Plans for of water quality of all four rivers are rejuvenation of Sal, Talpona Rejuvenation of Rivers carried out under National Water Zuari and Kahandepar river Monitoring Program (NWMP) of has been prepared CPCB. Water monitoring and analysis will also be carried out for other rivers. Oil Spill Disaster GSPCB / The Goa Oil Spill Disaster Completed - Contingency Plan DM/Captain Contingency Plan prepared by the ports, GSPCB is already in place to tackle Dept of any possible oil spill disaster in Goa. Environment District Oil Spill Crisis Management Group is also constituted for handling any such disaster.

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Protection of Flood Encroachment of flood As per WRD there is no plains plains is regulated. encroachment of flood pain in the district.

Rainwater Harvesting Action plan for MC/BDO/Town Action is taken under the Goa (Land On- going process - Rainwater planning Development and Building harvesting Construction Act 2008) and The Goa land Development and Building Construction Regulation 2010. Under this rule it is mandatory to construct roof top rainwater harvesting for building having plot area of 4000 sqm, floor area of 2000 sqm.

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6.Domestic Sewage Management Plan. At present the Sewerage Coverage in entire state of Goa is only 16% and only 2 towns are having proper sewerage System with Sewage treatment Plant (STP) i.e. Margao and Vasco in South Goa.

The sewerage Schemes are in progress in Colva and Navelim and their surrounding areas. The Master Plan is prepared for State of Goa Covering Major Municipal areas / Towns in the state of Goa.

Presently the treated sewage from STP's is released in Nallah, River or nearby water body, However, action plan is prepared by SIDCGL to utilize this water for gardening, Construction activities and other non-potable purposes. The water will be provided free of cost to the desirable consumers provided the consumer shall make the arrangement of conveyance by tankers on their own. The treated sludge is being taken as manure by desirable consumer, however the quantity utilised in minimal.

The Performance of the STP's are monitored regularly by GSPCB as well as by SIDCGL and the results are satisfactory.

Presently around 399 private STP are operational in the state of Goa out of them around 11 are found nonfunctional (August to November 2019). The GSPCB, issued ‘Directions’ to non-complying STP’s (i.e. exceedance of up to 02-nos. of CPCB-prescribed parameters for STP-treated-water) with instruction to rectify the same and submit treated-water analysis within 06-months from date of issuance of such directions, failing which environmental compensation be imposed. While, in other cases, the GSPCB has imposed a submission of ‘Bank-guarantee’ with instructions to repair / modify / augment the treatment capacity or process-methodology within stipulated time-frame, failing which the B.G.to be forfeited and proceed with Polluter-Pay-Principle and/or criminal proceedings

In South District there are two class II towns (Murmogoa and Madgaon), and it generates 18 MLD sewage (sewage of Margao, Vasco and Durbhat Ponda is considered) At present majority of towns are having conventional septic tank and soak pit arrangements and the same work efficiently. However, in certain places such as densely populated areas, low lying areas and areas with high water table, rocky strata there are issues of non- functioning of soak pits.

Thera are six STP’s having capacities of 1 MLD STP, 100 MLD STP, 20 MLD STP, 1 MLD STP, 20 MLD STP and 6.75 MLD STP are operational in Durbhat, Ponda, Vasco, Sancole, Shirvodem and Margao respectively in South Goa District. Construction of two more STP are in progress at Queula of 15 MLD and Colva with 7.5MLD capacity. Few new STP’s are proposed at Undir and Curti of South Goa district of 15 MLD and 8 MLD capacities respectively. All STP’s are on SBR /NTS technologies.

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Implementation of sewerage network is in progress 80 % network is completed in Ponda and Kavelem & House Connections are to be done. In Undir and Curti 60 % and 90% network is completed respectively, and House Connections are to be done. In Margao network is completed and House Connections are in progress, Scheme is 80% Commissioned while in Colva 70% of network is completed.

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Table 13 - Domestic Sewage Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time 2020 schedule Preparation of area Survey and identification PWD/DMA/DoP Based on studies the two STP are Two STP are proposed and Around 2 wise Inventory of all Households to ensure proposed in the district. two are under years Sewage proper drainage and Construction of 2 STP are in construction. Generation and its management of sewage. progress [Colva with 7.5 MLD management and Ponda with 15MLD Assessment of PWD requirement for sewage treatment Monitoring of sewage Quantity of treated and Sewerage Treated effluent from discharge untreated sewage Infrastructural Shirvodem STP is released into flowing into Rivers Development Sal river. Treated effluent from (directly or indirectly) or Corp of Goa. / Baina STP is released into lakes. GSPCB Arabian sea. Treated effluent from Durbhat STP is released into Zuari river, treated sewage from Ponda STP discharged in to Nalla , Sancole – Cortalim STP in to nalla Will add these location in Monitoring of Sal river water existing location location before and after monitored under Under discharge of treated sewage NWQMP progress Adequacy of For proper disposal and Sewerage 6 STPs are operational, 2 STP are Two STP are proposed 2 years Available treatment of sewage and Infrastructural proposed in the district. Two are under Infrastructure for control contamination of Development Construction of STP is in progress construction

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time 2020 schedule Sewage Treatment surface and ground water. Corp of Goa. [Colva with 7.5 MLD and Ponda and sewage network with 15MLD.

Margao & Vasco Municipal 80 % network is completed Councils have partial in Ponda and Kavelem & underground sewerage network. House Connections are to 2 years While Curchorem, Quepem, be done. Sanguem, Canacona & Cuncolim] In Undir and Curti 60 % and does not have sewerage 90% network is completed, network. Sewerage scheme for and House Connections are Navelim-Shirvodem, Ponda and to be done. Colva is in progress. In Margao network is Sewerage scheme for Colva will completed and House cover 90% of the population. Connections are in Sewerage scheme for Ponda will progress, Navelim 80% is cover 100% of the population. Commissioned while in Sewerage scheme for balance Colva 70% of network is Navelim areas will cover 90% of completed. the population

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7. Industrial Wastewater Management Plan There are 23 Industrial Estates in Goa, among them 13 industrial estates are in South Goa district. Around 523 industries are operational industries which are registered under Factories act 1948 out of these 192 are large scale industries

The prominent industries in South Goa are also Pharma/metallurgical/Mining as per GSPCB, and around 56.73 MLD of Industrial wastewater generated from the industries of South Goa District. As per GSPCB no treated or untreated effluent is discharged into Nalas / Rivers. At present there is no CETP in the district.

There are around 209 ETPs operational in the state of Goa, out of which 7 ETP were found nonfunctional during the inspection conducted August to November 2019. It is observed that most of the ETP has common issue of BOD exceeding the limit and COD at few locations. Noncompliance was found mainly in the industries located in Verna, Salcette and Bethora in South Gao district. GSPCB, directions have been issued and further compliance is being monitored.

Goa state pollution control board along with Central pollution control board has prepared Zoning atlas for entire state of Goa. ‘Zoning Atlas for Siting of Industries is prepared for North Goa and South Goa District’ based on the environmental considerations.

The Goa Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) is planning to propose Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) at Cuncolim as a permanent solution for the Industrial Estate. CETP will collect effluents from all units and treat them safely, thus rendering the Industrial discharge non-hazardous and safe to be let out into the environment.

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Table 14: - Industrial wastewater Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Inventory of To identify the GSPCB /GIDC List of industries are available on Presently GSPCB website has Continuous industrial defaulters and GIDC website as well on GSPCB data of CTE/CTO issued from process. wastewater implement rules website as per the Consents 2011 to 2016. Generation (CTE/CTO) issued for Red, Orange Updation of list is under progress in District and Green industries. Monitoring and To understand GSPCB Regular site visits are conducted Performance Evaluation of Continuous compliance of that Industries by officials of GSPCB. industrial units is an on-going activity Industries in meeting process as-and-when parameters treating Standards or not GSPCB decided the penalties to be are exceeding prescribed limits. wastewater imposed under polluter-pay Accordingly, Show cause Notice principle as per the NGT order for (SCN) / Directions and fines as the units which are operating per Polluter-Pay-Principle (PPP) without Consent, if any Violations are being levied observed during inspection like The Board has issued directions Discharge / Emission/ Burning of and levied fines under the Waste/Disposal of solid waste, Polluter-Pay-Principal (PPP) to noise emissions and on Exceeding about 202 units, out which 119 prescribed limits for Air / Water/ units have responded to the Noise/ Inefficient working of same while, 53 units have paid pollution control devices. the fines as-on-date. Subsequently, the Board has The Board is also in process of issued ‘re-directions’ to non- conducting intensive drives complying units with instruction comprising of awareness to pay the fine within stipulated programme and enforcement time-frame, failing which action in respect of closure-proceeding to be

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implementation of polluter-pay- initiated. principle in the State of Goa.

CETP is proposed at Cuncolim which DPR has been submitted to GIDC will collect effluents from all units in year 2018 and treat them safely, thus rendering the Industrial discharge non-hazardous and safe to be let out into the environment.

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8.0 Mining Activity Management plan

The state of Goa is rich in mineral resources such as iron ore, manganese, bauxite, silica, clays etc. Most of the mining leases were granted under Portuguese regime as concessions in pre- liberation days and was converted to mining leases under Abolition Act 1987. Iron ore, manganese, bauxite are the chief minerals of economic importance found in Goa. The Mining Industry in Goa provides employment to about 11,000 persons directly and about 10,000 persons indirectly.

The mining belt of Goa covers are mainly in 4 Talukas namely Bicholim, Salcete, Sanguem and Quepem. Out of this 3 are in South Goa District. The major concern of mining operations is open-cast mining, which severely affects the land use pattern as well as cause air and noise pollution.

Minor minerals quarrying is also predominant activity in Goa, they are mainly basalt / laterite quarries/sand/ boulders/murrum. Approximately 9,20,000 sqmts of minor mineral lease area is in South district.

At present, all the mining operation in the state of Goa has been stopped as per Hon’ble Supreme court order dated 7.2.2018 all the 88 mining leases are quashed. Legal opinion is sought form the law department for some mining leases.

Currently, only transportation of e- auctioned ore and bauxite ore which was extracted in the past are allowed. Fresh extraction of the iron ore and bauxite ore is stopped. Also, sand permits in the state of Goa are not renewed.

Even deemed mining leases (ex-mining concessions) which were not renewed towards second renewal period are verified through legal opinion.

The major concern of mining operations is open-cast mining, which severely affects the land use pattern. The major environmental impacts of mining operations are degradation of land, pollution of surface and groundwater resources, pollution of air, deforestation including loss of flora and fauna, rehabilitation of affected population including tribal and impact on historical monuments and religious places.

Although the mining activities are stopped in Goa since year 2018. However, the impacts and control measures needs to be discussed in DEP, considering mining as one of the major industry of Goa and probability of revoke the ban on mining activity in near future to certain extent.

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The pollution problems normally associated with the mining activity in Goa are as below:  Dust pollution - Deterioration of air quality due to working with bare machinery - Dry screening of ores, drilling -Movement of machinery/truck -Even the impact on air quality at Junctions of transportation routes. -High transport density and traffic congestion due to vehicles transporting ores.  Noise pollution – Deployment of heavy machinery/movement of truck-drilling machines.  Water pollution – Discharge of turbid pit water into a water body, washing of mining silt from the reject dumps and discharge of mine water into open nallahs.

Pollution Control Measures:  Dust pollution -Spraying of haulage/mine roads with water, use of dust extractors. -Road carrying capacity studies shall be carried out in the mining belt area as well as the junctions wherein heavy movement of trucks carrying ores will be there. -Trucks of larger carrying capacity shall be used for transport of ores to reduce air pollution and traffic congestion. - Designated routes shall be provided or plan for transport of ores avoiding environmental sensitive areas. - Monitoring shall be done that whether the trucks transporting ores are covered or not. Transport department in coordination with GSPCB shall monitor the activity. - GSPCB shall increase the numbers of Ambient air monitoring locations.  Noise pollution – Regular maintenance of machinery.  Water pollution – Treating the mine water before discharge, construction of filter beds/arrestors/garland drains. afforestation of dump slopes, settling ponds.  As per ISM report the active dumps which are five years old shall allowed to operate and not the old dumps surrounded by vegetation.  It is emphasized to plant the trees /species which are tolerant to different air pollutants this will help for controlling air / dust pollution.

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Quarries Quarrying is another activity which are affecting the environment and natural resources. The extraction of minor minerals, especially laterite stones, is generally done by the weaker sections of the society. The area is small and generally situated away from the habitations. Also, the extraction of minor minerals is on small-scale basis. The pollution problems arising from these quarries and their control measures are given below:  Noise pollution is caused during the time of blasting and during the operation of Power Tillers while cutting laterite stones.  Dust pollution is caused at the time of blasting and during the operation of Power Tiller and transportation of minor minerals.  During the quarrying activity some rejection is produced. Flowing down of this rejection into the low lying areas during the monsoons causes siltation.

Pollution control measures:  Noise pollution can be controlled by using mufflers while extracting laterite stones and low intensity blasting.  Dust pollution can be reduced by spraying of water/sprinklers wherever possible.  Siltation can be checked by constructing protective walls and proper arrestors.

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Table 15: - Mining activity Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Inventory of Mining to maintain the Directorate of Already maintained by DMG. Maintained - in District record and status of Mines Geology mines and mining lease area No of Mining Directorate of For minor mineral 93 quarrying No mining / quarrying - licenses given in Mines Geology leases are granted for extraction of activity in view of the District minor minerals as on date. Hon’ble Supreme court 88 - Iron ore/Manganese ore mining order dated 7/2/2018 leases renewed after Hon'ble Supreme Court Judgment in W.P. (civil)no.435 of 2012 dated 21/04/2014.

However now, all fresh mining in the State of Goa is stopped in lieu of Hon’ble Supreme court order dated 7/2/2018. Area covered Directorate of The area covered by the ex -lease Transportation of e- under mining Mines Geology holders which were renewed (2nd auctioned ore and renewal) by the State Government bauxite ore which was was 6639.146 ha and Bauxite lease extracted in the past are 4/NSD/Baux/68 covers 667.27 ha. allowed. Area of District - No DGPS survey is carried out as per Not initiated district. Sand Mining & Directorate of Presently, no fresh sand permits are No fresh permits or -

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February Time schedule 2020 Area of sand Mines Geology renewed nor granted. However renewals Mining total of 458 nos. of sand permits were granted in the year 2015-16 and the same are not renewed. The permits were given in cluster wise. Compliance to No mining leases are operational - -- Environmental after the effect of Hon’ble Supreme Conditions Court Order dated 7/02/2018.

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9. Air Quality Management Plan. Industries and mines are the main sources of pollution in South Goa districts. There are 23 Industrial Estates in Goa, among them 13 industrial estates are in South Goa district. Around 523 industries are operational industries which are registered under Factories act 1948 out of these 192 are large scale industries (as per directorate of planning, statistics and evaluation) including electronics, automobile accessories, pharmaceuticals and agro-chemicals. None of the industrial estate in Goa are categorized in Critically Polluted Industrial Estate (CPIE) / Cluster. GSPCB along with CPCB has classified the air polluting industries/ areas in Zoning atlas based on air pollution generation potential without pollution control equipment in operation.

Generally nonindustrial sources of air pollution are vehicular emissions, forest fires and burning of waste or burning of stubble during winter. However, in Goa there is no burning of stubble and burning of waste is very rare. The incidence of forest fires is also very less in Goa, there were 5 forest fires in last 5 years mostly in South Goa, these were minor fires. Forest Department has appropriate SOP to control forest fire which includes engaging of fire watchers, creation of fire lines, fire tracing, removal of dead and decomposed wood as well as leaf litter along the fire lines and controlled burning in fore prone areas in the month of January to February every year. State of Goa does not have city categorized under the “Non-Attainment Cities – NAC.

Goa State Pollution Control Board has been conducting ambient air monitoring at 18 fixed locations under NAMP. Of these 10 locations are in South Goa District and monitoring values shows that Vasco is moderately polluted and Ponda is also showing marginal higher values in month of April . As per GSPCB analysis report on air quality for year 2017-18, air quality in Goa's towns and cities is deteriorating. Out of all of Goa's major towns, Vasco appears to be the most polluted. Ponda, Panaji, , and Margao follow in quick succession.

One of the reasons being Vasco appearing as most polluted area is two coal-handling units located at Vasco, breaching the air quality norms. GSPCB has imposed penalties on them for causing air pollution. Stone-crushing unit, multi-dwelling unit residential complex, two hotels / commercial establishment and one trawler repairing yard are also penalized by GSPCB for violating the air quality norms.

The reason being growth of vehicular population, construction activities and tourism are the major factors for increase in air pollution in urban areas. Vehicles older than 15 years, which have outlived their service cause maximum air pollution in the towns and along the highways and roads. Due to development of urban areas as centers of trade, commerce and industries, growth of vehicular population has been alarming in urban areas of Goa.

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Although the State of Goa does not have city categorised under the “Non-Attainment Cities – NAC and Critically Polluted Industrial Estate (CPIE) / Cluster. However, it is proposed to monitor the Ambient Air-Quality (AAQM) at regular intervals. Goa State Pollution Control Board (GSPCB) will continue to carry-out AAQM. In addition, site-specific air-quality monitoring is being conducted by the Board with the help of mobile Online Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (CAAQMS).

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Table 16: - Air quality Management Plan Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on Time schedule February 2020 Air Quality Monitoring For prevailing air quality GSPCB/DM/Dept of 10 manual air monitoring stations On going - and collection of data and to prepare action environment are there in South Goa under process plan accordingly for NAMP pockets having higher concentration Plan for Automatic monitoring stations is in progress. preparation of Inventory of prominent GSPCB/GIDC The results of aforesaid Continuous - Inventory of Air Air Polluting Sources will monitoring stations are available process Pollution Sources, be made for better on GSPCB website and even the monitoring for better observations / reasons are also city quality. mentioned in remarks.

Monitoring during peak tourist season will be done at the locations where major tourist movement are there.

For industrial the air emission data is available with GSPCB / GIDC Control of Industrial Air Identification of Online air monitoring systems are GSPCB is - Pollution Industries not meeting GSPCB installed in all polluting industries monitoring and discharge Standards and as per CPCB/MoEFCC guideline. assessed the take action against that penalty to be

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Action Areas Objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on Time schedule February 2020 Air pollution compliant redressal imposed on system is there with GSPCB defaulters Monitoring of non-Non-industrial Air GSPCB / Transport Burning of Waste is very rare. GSPCB is - industrial sources of Pollution sources department – South Goa / monitoring and pollution Forest department assessed the To control forest fires – SOP have penalty to be been prepared by DCF – South Goa. imposed on defaulters There are 36 PUC centers in district to check Vehicle pollution. These are approved by Transport Department – South Goa.

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10 .Noise Pollution Management Plan Noise can be defined as unwanted or undesired sound and Noise pollution simply means when there is a lot of noise in the environment which is consequentially harms the environment and public wellbeing. Like smoking, noise pollution affects active and passive recipients when noise levels cross certain safe boundaries. Noise pollution affects both human health and behavior.

In Goa Noise pollution is caused due to mining and quarrying at the time of blasting and during the operation of Power Tillers while cutting laterite stones. However now these sources do not prevail due to stopping of mining activity.

Noise pollution is there during festive season as well as during tourist season and effective measures are been taken by authorities.

For noise-level noise-mapping, District authorities with the help of GSPCB and Department of Environment has identified the locations to be monitored for as categorized under the provisions of the Noise Rules, 2000 (i) Industrial area (ii) Commercial & Residential and (iii) Silent zones.

SOUTH GOA NOISE MONITORING STATIONS Zones as per Noise rules Area identified for noise Frequency of 2000 mapping monitoring Silence Zone Margao Hospicio hospital For 24 hours ID Hospital ponda Damodar high school

Verna IDC Industrial Zone

Commercial zone Vasco bus stand

Residential Zone Residential area in Ponda

The State is in the process of purchasing 07 Noise Monitoring devices/measurement meters to be delivered to each Taluka Sub-Divisional Magistrate to monitor the enforcement of Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. Monitoring will be conducted in the month of March 2020 and results will be submitted to NGT in compliance with the provisions of the Noise Rules, 2000 and NGT Order dated 20th November 2019. 92 OA 360 NGT District Environment Plan for South Goa District

Table 17: - Noise Pollution Management Plan Action Areas objective Responsibility Action taken Status as on February 2020 Time schedule Noise level For establishing GSPCB/ MC/VP Four noise monitoring devices are there for Purchasing of 07 more -- Monitoring the ambient District monitoring noise levels South Goa district. Noise Monitoring devices noise level Collector /measurement meters are in (South Goa/ process to be delivered to Police each Taluka Sub-Divisional Department) Magistrate. To maintain GSPCB/ Proper Categorization of areas into industrial, Complied Compliance of the noise MC/VP commercial residential or silence areas/zones is standards levels done. below noise Sign boards are installed in Silent zones even at standards panchayat levels. prescribed Loudspeaker or a public address system are not by CPCB allowed to be used without obtaining written permission from the authority and not allowed to be used at night (between 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.).

Special team for monitoring during festivals season is formed.

Transport department will take steps for monitoring/ checking of vehicles to ensure environmental norms are followed by the vehicles Complaints record and redressal system is in place.

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Attempts have been made to prepare a District Environmental Plan for South Goa District in line with the model District Environment Plan of CPCB covering the topics given therein.

District Magistrate South Goa, Chairman District Level Environment Committee

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