Department of Physical Sciences

SELF-ASSESSMENT

Oulu, September 20, 2006

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20.9.2006

Self-Assessment

Department: Department of Physical Sciences

Contact person: Professor Helena Aksela Tel:: 358-8-553 1319 Email: Helena.Aksela(AT)oulu.fi

I Research Strategy and Productivity, Quality and Activity of Research

1. Research Strategy of the department: what is emphasised (a list of no more than five items)

At the Department there are five major fields of physics and in total 10 research groups work on these fields. The Department has not defined any focus areas but it is expected that each group carries out research at the highest possible international level and publishes results in recognized international journals which reach a wide readership. Below are listed the activities of each research group:

Astronomy

Astrophysics

Research is concentrated in stellar astrophysics (stellar and Solar activity, stellar convection models, stellar surface Doppler imaging, molecular spectro-polarimetery, water masers) and high energy astrophysics (radiative processes in compact objects, gamma-ray bursts, observations and theoretical modeling of the processes in the vicinity of accreting black holes and neutrons stars).

Dynamical Astronomy

The Dynamical Astronomy group concentrates on - dynamical and photometric modeling of Hubble Space Telescope, Arecibo radar, and Cassini observations of Saturn's rings, - N-body simulations of barred and interacting galaxies, - near-infrared and kinematical studies of disk galaxies, with the NOT (Nordic Optical Telescope), ESO (European Southern Observatory) and other international telescopes.

Planetology

The research of Planetology Group focuses on - Mars: We participate in the Mars Express mission of European Space Agency and the Mars studies of the Planetology Group of Oulu utilize the notable data sets measured by the recent ESA and NASA missions. As a part of the MEX-HRSC CO-I Team, the studies of the Group concentrate on the role of water, ice, volcanism and impact craters in the geologic history of Mars, - Venus: We participate in the ESA's Venus Express mission and in its VIRTIS instrument data analyses. 2

Our Venus studies also involve analyses of the Magellan radar data sets and participation in the Venus Entry Probe initiative. WE have conducted active research in the field of Venusian geology (the development of its volcano-tectonic structures, their distribution, formation, geological characteristics etc.) and impact crater deformation. - Terrestrial impact craters: The Group has participated in expeditions to terrestrial impact craters in order to make geological field observations and to collect impactite samples. We have studied impact crater tectonics and deformation, analyzed impactite geochemistry and petrophysics, defined impact body types by identifying cosmic signal in impactite rocks, and discovered the first cosmic spherules from glaciers of Novaja Zemljya.

Biophysics

The research in biophysics focuses on three topics: biophysics of cellular membranes, including their ion channels and other cellular signaling pathways, cellular biophysics, including information processing in neurons and contraction mechanisms in cardiac myocytes, and development of mathematical modelling methods for analysing cellular signalling pathways.

Geophysics

Geophysics in the University of Oulu is solid Earth geophysics having the three main lines of research:

Lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) geophysics The ultimate goal of the lithosphere studies is to achieve a wide-scale knowledge about the structure, properties, composition, evolution and deformation of the continental lithosphere, particularly in the Fennoscandian Shield.

Applied geophysics The aims are to develop and apply geophysical methods to various important economical and civil purposes, e.g., ore and mineral exploration, groundwater and soil mapping, civil engineering, geological and geotechnical studies, environmental studies, etc.

Computational geophysics The aims are to research and develop non-linear multidimensional inversion and numerical modelling, particularly for electromagnetic and electrical methods, and to apply them for interpretation of data from lithosphere and applied geophysics, and numerical geodynamical modeling of the lithosphere.

Physics

Space physics

The research of the Space Physics Group consists of investigations of the heliosphere and the Sun as well as planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres. The group exploits data from satellites which are on planetary missions, are observing the properties of the solar wind or are revolving around the Earth within the magnetosphere. Also various ground-based instruments; i.e. ionospheric radars of different types, auroral cameras, photometers, spectrometers and magnetometers are utilized in ionospheric and magnetospheric research.

Electron spectroscopy

Electron spectroscopy group's research takes place on a rapidly developing field of synchrotron radiation excited atomic, molecular and cluster physics, where the main focus has been in electronic structure of the sample and its dynamics. The research is carried out by comparing experimental results obtained with high resolution synchrotron radiation excited electron and ion spectroscopies, mostly done at MAX-lab in Lund, Sweden, with the results of ab initio calculations carried out using the most sophisticated theoretical methods. Special emphasis is put to the development of experimental and theoretical tools, most recently to the combination of laser spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation.

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Infrared spectroscopy

The research of IR research group focuses on recording and analysin high resolution (0.001 cm-1) rotation- vibration spectra of small, stable molecules in gaseous state. The use of high resolution requires continuous development of instrumental facilities as well as computational methods in spectral analysis.

NMR-spectroscopy The research of NMR Research Group focuses on -the NMR properties (nuclear shielding, spin-spin coupling and quadrupole coupling tensors) of small- and medium sized molecules, - the properties (phase transitions, orientational order and dynamics) of bulk and confined thermotropic liquid crystals, and - the properties (pore size, pore size distribution and porosity) of micro- and mesoporous materials

Theoretical physics

The research in Theoretical physics is divided into two fields, condensed matter theory and particle physics: the condensed matter theory group studies the properties of matter on mesoscopic scale, in particular superfluids, superconducting Josephson junctions, quantum dots and semiconductor superlattices. The particle physics group studies physics at very high temperatures and densities; this topic includes particle physics in the early Universe, properties of quantum chromodynamics in high-energy nucleus- nucleus collision experiments, and physics of very dense nuclear matter.

2. Scientific publishing: brief description of publication strategy, recent development in publishing, impact of publications (e.g. references, what is considered useful and preferred)

Results of research have been published in leading international journals. Annual number of publications in recent years has been ca. 100, and the quality is seen to remain at high level. Department has developed a follow-up system described in chapter 11, to motive the researchers in publishing the results in leading internationals journals. The number at the end of each paper refers to the number of citations collected by the paper.

Articles in international scientific journals with referee practice In year 2000 ASTRONOMY 1. Aittola, M. and V.-P. Kostama: Venusian novae and arachnoids: characteristics, differences and the effect of the geological environment. Planetary and Space Science 48, 1479-1489, 2000. 7 2. Andersen, M.I., J. Hjorth, H. Pedersen, B.L. Jensen, L. Hunt, J. Gorosabel, P. Møller, J. Fynbo, M. Kippen, B. Thomsen, L.F. Olsen, L. Christensen, M. Vestergaard, E. Palazzi, K. Hurley, T. Cline, J. Trombka, E. Matzets, L. Kaper, A.O. Jaunsen, and E. Pian: VLT identification of the optical afterglow of the gamma-ray burst GRB 000131 at z = 4.50. Astronomy and Astrophysics 364, L54-L61, 2000. 1 3. Berdyugin, A., P. Teerikorpi, and L. Haikala: Interstellar polarization at high galactic latitudes from distant stars - III. Distribution of the polarization vectors - evidence for distinct zones. Astronomy and Astrophysics 358, 717-722, 2000. 5 4. Berdyugina, S.V., A.V. Berdyugin, I. Ilyin, and I. Tuominen: The long-period RS CVn binary IM Pegasi. II. First surface images. Astronomy and Astrophysics 360, 272-280, 2000. 9 5. Berdyugina, S.V., C. Frutiger, S.K. Solanki, and W. Livingstone: Successful spectral synthesis of Zeeman-split molecular bands in sunspot spectra. Astronomy and Astrophysics 364, L101-L104, 2000. 9 6. Burud, I., J. Hjorth, A.O. Jaunsen, M.I. Andersen, H. Korhonen, J.W. Clasen, J. Pelt, F. Pijpers, P. Magain, and R. Østensen: An optical time-delay estimate for the double gravitational lens system B1600+434. Astrophysical Journal 544, 117-122, 2000. 28 7. Fynbo, J.U., S. Holland, M.I. Andersen et al.: Hubble space telescope imaging spectrograph imaging of the host 4

galaxy of GRB 980425 /SN1999bw. Astrophysical Journal 542, L89-L93, 2000. 0 8. Jetsu, L., T. Hackman, D.S. Hall, G.W. Henry, M. Kokko, and J. You: Time series analysis of V815 Herculis photometry between 1984 and 1998. Astronomy and Astrophysics 362, 223-235, 2000. 3 9. Korhonen, H., S.V. Berdyugina, T. Hackman, K.G. Strassmeier, and I. Tuominen: Study of FK Comae Berenices. II. Spot evolution from 1994 to 1997. Astronomy and Astrophysics 360, 1067-1076, 2000. 7 10. Laurikainen, E. and H. Salo: BVRI imaging of M51-type pairs, II. Bulge and disk parameters. Astronomy and Astrophysics Suppl. 141, 103-111 (+22 pages in electronic form), 2000. 8 11. Pelt, J., J. Brooke, P.J. Pulkkinen, and I. Tuominen: A new interpretation of the Solar magnetic cycle. Astronomy and Astrophysics 362, 1143-1150, 2000. 3 12. Rautiainen, P. and H. Salo: N-body simulations of resonance rings in galactic disks. Astronomy and Astrophysics 362, 465-486, 2000. 9 13. Salo, H. and E. Laurikainen: Inner structure of M51. Astrophysics and Space Science 269-270, 589-592, 1999. (Printed/Kluwer v. 2000) 0 14. Salo, H. and E. Laurikainen: A multiple encounter model of M51. Astrophysics and Space Science 269-270, 663-664, 1999. (Printed/Kluwer v. 2000) 0 15. Salo, H. and E. Laurikainen: N-body model for M51 - I. Multiple encounter versus single passage? Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society 319, 377-392, 2000. 23 16. Salo, H. and E. Laurikainen: N-body model for M51 - II. Inner structure. Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society 319, 393-413, 2000. 9 17. Spahn, F., J. Schmidt, O. Petzschmann, and H. Salo: Stability analysis of a Keplerian disk of granular grains: influence of thermal diffusion. Icarus 145, 657-660, 2000. 6 18. Tautvaišiené, G., B. Edvardsson, I. Tuominen, and I. Ilyin: Chemical composition of evolved stars in the open cluster M67. Astronomy and Astrophysics 360, 499-508, 2000. 26 19. You, J., J. Pelt, and I. Tuominen: Period analysis for simultaneous multichannel photometric observations. Astronomy and Astrophysics Suppl., 146, 397-406, 2000. 3 BIOPHYSICS 20. Cronin, T.W., M. Järvilehto, M. Weckström, and A.B. Lall: Tuning of photoreceptor spectral sensitivity in fireflies (Coloeptera: Lampyridae). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 186, 1-12, 2000. 15 21. Tavi, P., M. Weckström, and H. Ruskoaho: cAMP- and cGMP-independent stretch-induced changes in the contraction of rat atrium. European Journal of Physiology 441, 65-68, 2000. 0 22. Uusitalo, R.O., and M. Weckström: Potentiation if the first visual synapse of the fly compound eye. Journal of Neurophysiology 83 (4), 2103-2112, 2000. 2 GEOPHYSICS 23. Hjelt, S.-E. and M. Pirttijärvi: Some characteristics of the conducting plate model in the inversion of geophysical electromagnetic data. Inverse Problems 16, 1209-1223, 2000. 0 24. Kaikkonen, P., K. Moisio, and M. Heeremans: Thermomechanical lithospheric structure of the central Fennoscandian Shield. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 119, 209-235, 2000. 14 25. Kozlovskaya, E.: An algorithm of geophysical data inversion based on non-probabilistic presentation of a priori information and definition of Pareto-optimality. Inverse Problems 16, 839-861, 2000. 2 26. Kozlovskaya, E. and S.-E. Hjelt: Modeling of elastic and electrical properties of solid-liquid rock system with fractal microstructure. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (A) 25 (2), 195-200, 2000. 2 27. Moisio, K., P. Kaikkonen, and F. Beekman: Rheological structure and dynamical response of the DSS profile BALTIC in the SE Fennoscandian Shield. Tectonophysics 320, 175-194, 2000. 6 28. Neprochnov, Yu.P., G.A. Semenov, N.V. Sharov, J. Yliniemi, K. Komminaho, U. Luosto, and P. Heikkinen: Comparison of the crustal structures of the Barents Sea and the Baltic Shield from seismic data. Tectonophysics 321, 429-447, 2000. 1 29. Sharma, S.P. and P. Kaikkonen: Global nonlinear inversion of transient EM data from conducting surroundings using a free-space plate model. Geophysics 65 (3), 783-790, 2000. 0

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PHYSICS (Electron spectroscopy) 30. Alitalo, S., T. Matila, H. Aksela, A. Kivimäki, M. Jurvansuu, and S. Aksela: Inteference effects between 4s photoionization and resonant Auger decay channels at inner-shell 3d94pnln’l’ double excitations in Kr. Physical Review A 62, 032710-1--5, 2000. 2 31. Armen, B.G., H. Aksela, T. Åberg, and S. Aksela: The resonant Auger effect.. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 33, R49-R92, 2000. 48 32. Ellingsen, K., T. Matila, T. Saue, H. Aksela, and O. Gropen: Fully relativistic configuration interaction calculations on the vibrational and electronic structure of the 2p-1 → 3p(π, σ)-2 normal Auger-electron spectrum of HCI. Physical Review A 62, 032502-1--6, 2000. 7

33. Hiltunen, A., H. Aksela, S. Aksela, S. Rics, and Gy. Vikor: M1-M4,5N Coster-Kronig decay in krypton. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 33, 2881-2886, 2000. 0

34. Kivilompolo, M., A. Kivimäki, H. Aksela, M. Huttula, S. Aksela, and R. F. Fink: The gas phase L2,3VV Auger electron spectra of chlorine in XCl (X=H, D, Li, Na, K) molecules. Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2), 662- 675, 2000. 5 35. Kivilompolo, M., A. Kivimäki, M. Jurvansuu, H. Aksela, S. Aksela, and R. F. Fink: The Cl(2p) photoelectron spectra of the HCl and DCl molecules: the effects of the molecular field. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 33, L157-L164, 2000. 6 36. Kivimäki, A., U. Hergenhahn, B. Kempgens, R. Hentges, M.N. Piancastelli, K. Maier, A. Rüdel, J.J. Tulkki, and A.M. Bradshaw: Near-threshold study of Xe 3d photoionization. Physical Review A 63, 012716-1--7, 2000. 11 37. Matila, T. and H. Aksela: Effects of electron correlation on the level widths, the photoelectron, Auger electron and ion-yield spectra above the 4d threshold in Ba. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 33, 653-665, 2000. 5 38. Matila, T., K. Ellingsen, T. Saue, H. Aksela, and O. Gropen: Vibrational and electronic structure of the 3d-1 -> 4p(ps)-2 normal Auger spectrum of HBr studied by fully relativistic configuration interaction calculations. Physical Review A 61, 032712-1--8, 2000. 13 39. Neeb, M., A. Kivimäki, B. Kempgens, H.M.Köppe, K. Maier, A.M. Bradshaw, and N. Kosugi: Partial electron yield spectrum of N2: doubly excited states at the K-shell threshold. Chemical Physics Letters 320, 217-221, 2000.9 40. Rennie, E.E, B. Kempgens, H.M. Köppe, U. Hergenhahn, J. Feldhaus, B.S. Itchkawitz, A.L.D. Kilcoyne, A. Kivimäki, K. Maier, and A.M. Bradshaw: A comprehensive photoabsorption, photoionization, and shake-up excitation study of the C 1s cross section of benzene. Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (17), 7362-7375, 2000. 15 PHYSICS (Infrared spectroscopy) 0 41. Anttila, R., S. Alanko, M. Koivusaari, V.-M. Horneman, R. Paso, and V. Orre: PAPE band (ν6+ν8) and the hot bands ν6+ν8-ν8 of CD3CN. Journal of Molecular Structure 517-518, 133-143, 2000. 1 42. Pietilä, J., V.-M. Horneman, R. Anttila, B. Lemoine, F. Raynaud, and J.-C. Colmont: The perpendicular 12 35 fundamental ν5 of chloroform CH Cl3: high resolution infrared study of ν5 band together with the millimetre- wave rotational spectrum. Molecular Physics 98 (9), 549-557, 2000. 2

43. Schroderus, J., N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, and I. Ozier: The ν12 band of CH3SiD3. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 201, 292-296, 2000. 2 44. Ulenikov, O.N. , G.A. Onopenko, N.E. Tyabaeva, J. Schroderus, S. Alanko, and M. Koivusaari: High-resolution -1 Fourier transform spectrum of the CHD3 molecule in the region of 1850 - 2450 cm : assignment and preliminary analysis. Journal of Molecular Structure 517-518, 25-40, 2000. 1 45. Ulenikov, O.N. , G.A. Onopenko, N.E. Tyabaeva, J. Schroderus, and S. Alanko: Study on the rovibrational

interactions and a1/a2 splittings in the ν3/ν5/ν6 triad of CH3D. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 200, 1-15, 2000. 4 46. Ulenikov, O.N. , G.A. Onopenko, N.E. Tyabaeva, R. Anttila, S. Alanko, and J. Schroderus: Rotational analysis of 13 the ground state and the lowest fundamentals ν3, ν5, and ν6 of CH3D. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 201, 9-17, 2000. 3 PHYSICS (NMR spectroscopy) 47. Lantto, P., J. Kaski, J. Vaara, and J. Jokisaari: Spin-spin coupling tensors in fluoromethanes. Chemistry European Journal 6 (8), 1395-1406, 2000. 13 6

48. Malkina, O.L., J. Vaara, B. Schimmelpfennig, M. Munzarova, V.G. Malkin, and M. Kaupp: Density functional calculations of electronic g-tensors using spin-orbit pseudopotentials and mean-field all-electron spin-orbit operators. Journal of American Chemical Society 122, 9206-9218, 2000. 88 PHYSICS (Space physics) 49. Bösinger, T., T. Pashin, A. Kero, P. Pollari, P. Belyaev, M. Rietveld, T. Turunen, and J. Kangas: Generation of artificial magnetic pulsations in the Pc1 frequency range by periodic heating of the Earth’s ionosphere: indications of ionospheric Alfvén resonator effects. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 62, 277-297, 2000. 5 50. Demekhov, A.G., V.Yu. Trakhtengerts, and T. Bösinger: Pc 1 waves and ionospheric Alfvén resonator: Generation or filtration? Geophysical Research Letters 27 (23), 3805-3808, 2000. 14 51. Feygin, F.Z., N.G. Kleimenova, O.A. Pokhotelov, M. Parrot, K. Prikner, K. Mursula, J. Kangas, and T. Pikkarai- nen: Nonstationary pearl pulsations as a signature of magnetospheric disturbances. Annales Geophysicae 18 (5), 517-522, 2000. 1 52. Holma, H.J., K.U. Kaila, and J.R.T. Jussila: Temperatures, emission heights and energies in discrete auroral forms. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (B) 25 (5-6), 463-466, 2000. 0 53. Kaila, K.U. and H.J. Holma: Absolute calibration of photometer. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (B) 25 (5-6), 467-470, 2000. 1 54. Kero, A., T. Bösinger, P. Pollari, E. Turunen, and M. Rietveld: First EISCAT measurement of electron-gas temperature in the artificially heated D-region ionosphere. Annales Geophysicae 18 (9), 1280-1215, 2000. 6 55. Klimas, A.J., J.A. Valdivia, D. Vassiliadis, D.N. Baker, M. Hesse, and J. Takalo: Self-organized criticality in the substorm phenomenon and its relation to localized reconnection in the magnetospheric plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (A8), 18765-18780, 2000. 39 56. Mursula, K., K. Prikner, F.Z. Feygin, T. Bräysy, J. Kangas, R. Kerttula, P. Pollari, T. Pikkarainen, and O.A. Pokhotelov: Non-stationary Alfvén resonator: new result on Pc1 pearls and IPDP events. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 62, 299-309, 2000. 11 57. Mursula, K. and B. Zieger: The 1.3-year variation in solar wind speed and geomagnetic activity. Advances in Space Research 25 (9), 1939-1942, 2000. 26 58. Nygrén, T., M. J. Taylor, G. R. Swenson, and M. S. Lehtinen: Observing gravity wave activity in mesopause region by means of airglow tomography. Advances in Space Research 26 (6), 903-906, 2000. 0 59. Nygrén, T., E. D. Tereshchenko, B. Z. Khudukon, O. V. Evstafiev, M. S. Lehtinen, and M. Markkanen: Manifestations of field-aligned currents in tomographic observations of the ionospheric F region. Advances in Space Research 26 (6), 939-942, 2000. 1 60. Prikner, K., K. Mursula, F.Z. Feygin, J. Kangas, R. Kerttula, T. Pikkarainen, O.A. Pokhotelov, and V. Vagner: Non-stationary Alfvén resonator: vertical profiles of wave characteristics. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar- Terrestrial Physics 62, 311-322, 2000. 9 61. Takalo, J., K. Mursula, and J. Timonen: Role of the driver in a dynamics of a coupled-map model of the magnetotail: Does the magnetosphere act as a low pass filter? Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (A12), 27665-27672, 2000. 2 62. Tereshchenko, E.D., B.Z. Khudukon, M.O. Kozlova, O.V. Evstafiev, T. Nygrén, M.T. Rietveld, and A. Brekke: Comparison of the orientation of small-scale electron density irregularities and F region plasma flow direction. Annales Geophysicae 18 (8), 918-928, 2000. 4 63. Tereshchenko, E.D., M.O. Kozlova, O.V. Evstafiev, B.Z. Khudukon, T. Nygrén, M. Rietveld, and A. Brekke: Irregular structures of the F layer at high latitudes during ionospheric heating. Annales Geophysicae 18 (9), 1197- 1209, 2000. 4 64. Trakhtengerts, V.Y., P.P. Belyaev, S.V. Polyakov, A.G. Demekhov, and T. Bösinger: Excitation of Alfvén waves and vortices in the ionospheric Alfvén resonator by modulated powerful radio waves. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 62, 267-276, 2000. 8 65. Ulich, Th., E. Turunen, and T. Nygrén: Effective recombination coefficient in the lower ionosphere during bursts of auroral electrons. Advances in Space Research 25 (1), 47-50, 2000. 4 66. Usoskin, I.G., K. Mursula, and G. A. Kovaltsov: Cyclic behaviour of sunspot activity during the Maunder minimum. Astronomy and Astrophysics 354, L33-L36, 2000. 20 7

PHYSICS (Other groups) 67. Koivusaari, K.J., T.T. Rantala, and S. Leppävuori: Calculated electronic density of states and structural properties of tetrahedral amorphous carbon. Diamond and Related Materials 9, 736-740, 2000. 1 68. Lantto, V., T.S. Rantala, and T.T. Rantala: Experimental and theoretical studies on the receptor and transducer functions of SnO2 gas sensors. Electron Technology 33 (1/2), 22-30, 2000. 0 69. Rantala, M., T.T. Rantala, M. Savolainen, Y. Friedlander, and Y.A. Kesäniemi: Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and serum lipids: meta-analysis of the role of genetic variation in responsiveness to diet. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, 713-724, 2000. 19

70. Rantala, T.T., T.S. Rantala, and V. Lantto: Electronic structure of SnO2 (110) surface. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 3, 103-107, 2000. 17

71. Rantala, T.S., T.T. Rantala, and V. Lantto: Computational studies for the interpretation of gas response of SnO2 (110) surface. Sensors and Actuators B 65, 375-378, 2000. 5 THEORETICAL PHYSICS 72. Apaja, V., J. Halinen, and M. Saarela: Liquid-solid phase transition in Bose systems: instability of the variational liquid ground state. Physica B 284-288, 29-30, 2000. 0

73. Bräysy, V., A. Kallio, J. Hissa, and T. Häyrynen: Pressure dependence of Tc from chemical equilibrium. Physica B 284-288, 1063-1064, 2000. 2 74. Halinen, J., V. Apaja, and M. Saarela: Role of short and long-range interactions in quantum Bose fluids. Physica B 284-288, 3-4, 2000. 0 75. Halinen, J., V. Apaja, K.A. Gernoth, and M. Saarela: Excitations and stability of 2D liquid 4He. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 121 (5/6), 531-536, 2000. 4 76. Hissa, J., A. Kallio, T. Häyrynen, and V. Bräysy: Upper critical magnetic field of unconventional superconductors from chemical equilibrium. Physica B 284-288, 1061-1062, 2000. 0 77. Kallio, A., V. Bräysy, and J. Hissa: Pressure effect in cuprates - Manifestation of Le Chatelier´s principle. Physica C 341-348, 451-452, 2000. 0 78. Kallio, A., J. Hissa, and V. Bräysy: Is the heavy fermion specific heat of bosonic origin? Physica C 341-348, 1949-1950, 2000. 1 79. Krotscheck, E., J. Paaso, M. Saarela, and K. Schörkhuber: Dimers in two-dimensional 3He–4He mixtures. Physical Review Letters 85 (11), 2344-2347, 2000. 12 80. Niemelä, K., P. Pietiläinen, and T. Chakraborty: Spin transitions in the fractional quantum Hall systems. Physica B 284-288, 1716-1717, 2000. 3 81. Saarela, M., J. Paaso, E. Krotscheck, and K. Schörkhuber: 3He dimers in two-dimensional 3He–4He mixture films. Physica B 284-288, 331-332, 2000. 0 82. Taipaleenmäki, T. and M. Saarela: Trapping of vortices by impurities in thin 4He films. Physica B 284-288, 131- 132, 2000. 0 2001 Astronomy 1. Andersen, M.I.: Optimizing CCDs for spectrographs. Experimental Astronomy 11, 81-83, 2001. 0 2. Baldwin, J.E., R.N. Tubbs, G.C. Cox, C.D. Mackay, R.W. Wilson, and M.I. Andersen: Diffraction-limited 800 nm imaging with the 2.56m Nordic Optical Telescope. Astronomy & Astrophysics 368, L1-L4, 2001. 5 3. Baryshev, Yu.V., A.D. Chernin, and P. Teerikorpi: The cold local Hubble flow as a signature of dark energy. Astronomy & Astrophysics 378, 729-734, 2001. 17 4. Berdyugina, S.V. and S.K. Solanki: Zeeman-split opposite-polarity OH lines in sunspot spectra: resolution of a puzzle. Astronomy & Astrophysics 380, L5-L8, 2001. 8 5. Caunt S.E. and M.J. Korpi: A 3D MHD model of astrophysical flows: Algorithms, tests and parallelisation. Astronomy & Astrophysics 369, 706-728, 2001. 10 6. Chernin, A.D.: Cosmic vacuum. Physics-Uspekhi 44 (11), 1099-1118, 2001. 9 7. Duemmler, R., and V. Aarum: The radial velocities of the RS CVn star UX Ari: a triple system with a binary on the same line of sight. Astronomy & Astrophysics 370, 974-981, 2001. 10 8

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103. Hissa, J. and A. Kallio: Comment on "Thermal hysteresis in the normal-state magnetization of La2-xSrxCuO4". Physical Review B 72, 176501-1--3, 2005. 0 104. Isohätälä, J., K.N. Alekseev, L. T. Kurki and P. Pietiläinen: Symmetry breaking in a driven and strongly damped pendulum. Physical Review E 71, 066206-1--6, 2005. 1 105. Zaratiegui García, J.: Analytic Coulomb matrix elements in a three-dimensional geometry. Journal of Mathematical Physics 46, 122104-1--5, 2005. 0 2006 Astronomy 1. Babkovskaia, N. and J. Poutanen: A self-consistent model of 22 GHz water maser in dusty environment near late- type stars. Astron. Astrophys., 447, 949-962, 2006. 2. Babkovskaia, N., J. Poutanen, A. M. S. Richards and R. Szczerba: A warped m = 2 water maser disc in V778 Cyg?, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 370, 1921-1927, 2006. 3. Berdyugina, S.V., D. Moss, D. Sokoloff and I.G. Usoskin: Active longitudes, nonaxisymmetric dynamos and phase mixing. Astron. Astrophys., 445, 703-714, 2006. 4. Kostama, V.-P., M.A. Kreslavsky, and J.W. Head: Recent high-latitude icy mantle in the northern plains of Mars: Characteristics and ages of emplacement. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11201, 2006 5. Käpylä, P. J. , M. J. Korpi, M. Ossendrijver and I. Tuominen: Local models of stellar convection III. The Strouhal number. Astron. Astrophys., 448, 433-438, 2006. 6. Käpylä, P.J., M.J. Korpi, M. Ossendrijver and M. Stix: Magnetoconvection and dynamo coefficients III: alpha- effect and magnetic pumping in the rapid rotation regime. Astron. Astrophys., 455, 401-412, 2006. 7. Morishima, R. and H. Salo: Simulations of dense planetary rings IV. Spinning self-gravitating particles with size distribution. Icarus, 181 (1), 272-291, 2006 8. Popov, S.B. and B.E. Stern: Soft gamma repeaters outside the Local Group, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 365, 885- 890, 2006 9. Poutanen, J.: Accretion-powered millisecond pulsars, Adv. Space Res., in press, 2006. 10. Revnivtsev, M., S. Fabrika, P. Abolmasov, K. Postnov, I. Bikmaev, R. Burenin, M. Pavlinsky, R. Sunyaev, I. Khamitov and N. Sakhibullin: Broad band variability of SS433: accretion disk at work? Astron. Astrophys., 447, 545-551, 2006. 11. Suleimanov, V. and J. Poutanen: Spectra of the spreading layers on the neutron star surface and constraints on the neutron star equation of state. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 369, 2036-2048, 2006. 12. Szczerba, R., M. Szymczak, N. Babkovskaia, J. Poutanen, A. M. S. Richards and M. A. T. Groenewegen: Oxygen- rich disk in the V778 Cygni system resolved, Astron. Astrophys., 452, 561-565, 2006 13. Tikhomirova, Ya., B.E. Stern, A. Kozyreva and J. Poutanen: New soft gamma-ray bursts in the BATSE records and spectral properties of X-ray rich bursts, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 367, 1473-1477, 2006. 14. Villata, M. et al. (incl. E. Laurikainen): The unprecedented optical outburst of the quasar 3C 454.3. The WEBT campaign of 2004–2005, Astron. Astrophys., 453, 817-822, 2006. 34

15. Öhman, T., M. Aittola, V.-P. Kostama, A. Hyvärinen, and J. Raitala: Polygonal impact craters in the Argyre region, Mars: Evidence for influence of target structure on the final crater morphology, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 41 (8), 1163-1173, 2006. Biophysics 16. Vähäsöyrinki, M., J.E. Niven, R.C. Hardie, M. Weckström, and M. Juusola : Robustness of neural coding in Drosophila Photoreceptors in the absence of slow delayed rectifier K+ channels. J. Neurosci., 26(10), 2652-2660, 2006. Geophysics 17. Moisio, K. and P. Kaikkonen: Three-dimensional numerical thermal and rheological modelling in the central Fennoscandian Shield. J. Geodyn., in press, available online, 2006. 18. Brasse, H., V. Cerv, T. Ernst, N. Hoffmann, J. Jankowski, W. Jozwiak. T. Korja, et. al.: Probing electrical conductivity of the Trans-European Suture Zone. EOS, Transactions 87, No. 29, July 2006. Physics (elsp) 19. Huttula, S.-M., S. Heinäsmäki, S. Fritzsche, H. Aksela, E. Kukk, M. Huttula, and S. Aksela: Relativistic and correlation effects in the anisotropy of near-threshold Kr 3d and Xe 4d photoionization. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 150, 35, 2006. 20. Jänkälä, K., R. Sankari, J. Schulz, M. Huttula, A. Caló, S. Heinäsmäki, S. Fritzsche, T. Rander, S. Svensson, S. Aksela, and H. Aksela: Laser excitation combined with 2p photoionization and Auger dacay of potassium. Physical Review A 73, 022720, 2006 21. Nikkinen, J., S. Fritzsche, and S. Heinäsmäki: Revised and extended Utilities for the Ratip package, Comp. Phys. Commun., 175, Issue 5, 348-358 , 2006 22. Poygin, M., R. Püttner, M. Martins, V. Pennanen, M. Jurvansuu, Y. H. Jiang, H. Aksela, S. Aksela, and G. Kaindl: Detailed study of the S 2p-1–->X1 A1(2b-2) normal Auger spectra of H2S, Phys. Rev. A, 74, 012711-1--8, 2006 23. Sankari, R., M. Ehara, H. Nakatsuji, A. De Fanis, H. Aksela, S. L. Sorensen, M. N. Piancastelli, E. Kukk, and K. Ueda: High resolution O 1s photoelectron shake-up satellite spectrum of H2O, Chem. Phys. Lett., 422, 51, 2006 24. Sankari, R., R. Nyholm and S. Aksela: Update of the Finnish–Swedish beam line I411 at MAX-lab: Simulations of expected performance , Rad. Phys. and Chem., in press, available online, 2006. 25. Schulz, J., M. Määttä, S. Heinäsmäki, M. Huttula, R. Sankari, E. Kukk, T. Rander, S. Svensson, S. Aksela, and H. Aksela: 5p photoemission from laser-excited cesium atoms, Phys. Rev. A, 73, 062721-1 - 062721-6, 2006. 26. Schulz, J., S. Heinäsmäki, R. Sankari, T. Rander, A. Lindblad, H. Bergersen, G. Öhrwall, S. Svensson, E. Kukk, S. Aksela, and H. Aksela: Characterization of weakly excited final states by shakedown spectroscopy of laser-excited potassium, Phys. Rev. A, 74, 012705-1--6, 2006. Physics (ir) 27. Baskakov, O.I., V.-M. Horneman, J. Lohilahti, and S. Alanko: High resolution FTIR spectra of the ν9 vibrational band of cis-rotamers HCOOH and H13COOH, J. Mol. Structure, 795, 49-53, 2006. 28. Baskakov, O.I., I.A. Markov, E.A. Alekseev, R.A. Motiyenko, J. Lohilahti, V.-M. Horneman, B.P. Winnewisser, I.R. Medvedev, and F.C. De Luca: Simultaneous analysis of rovibrational and rotational data for the 41, 51, 61, 72, 81, 7191 and 92 states of HCOOH, J. Mol. Structure, 795, 54-77, 2006. 29. Kyllönen, K., S. Alanko, O.I. Baskakov, A.-M. Ahonen, and V.-M. Horneman: High resolution FTIR spectroscopy on CH2DI and CHD2I: analyses of the fundamental bands v′6 and v′′6. Mol. Phys., 104, Nos. 16-17, 2663-2669, 2006. 30. Lattanzi, F., C. di Lauro, and V.-M. Horneman: Torsional splittings in the v12=1 vibrational state of Si2H6: analysis of the v6+v12 and v9+v12(E) combination bands in the high resolution infrared spectrum. Molecular Physics 104 (12), 1795-1817, 2006. 31. Lohilahti, J., O.N. Ulenikov, E.S. Bekhtereva, S. Alanko, and R. Anttila: High resolution infrared study of D2CO in the region of 1780–2400 cm-1: assignment and preliminary analysis, J. Mol. Structure, 780-781, 182-205, 2006 32. Moazzen-Ahmadi, N. and V.-M. Horneman: The experimental determination of the torsional barrier and shape for disilane. Journal of Chemical Physics 124, 194309-1--6, 2006. 33. Physics (nmr) 34. Ahola, S., F. Casanova, J. Perlo, K. Münnemann, B. Blümich and S. Stapf: Monitoring of fluid motion in a 35

micromixer by dynamic NMR microscopy. Lab on a Chip 6, 90-95, 2006. 35. Ahola, S., J. Perlo, F. Casanova, S. Stapf, and B. Blümich: Multiecho sequence for velocity imaging in inhomogeneous rf fields. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, in press, corrected proof, available online 13 July 2006. 36. Manninen, P., K. Ruud, P. Lantto, and J. Vaara: Erratum: "Leading-order relativistic effects on nuclear magnetic resonance shielding tensors" [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 114107 (2005)]. J. Chem. Phys., 124 (14), 149901, 2006. 37. Saunavaara, J. and J. Jokisaari: Determination of sample temperature and temperature stability with 129Xe NMR. Journal of Magnetic Resonance 180, 58-62, 2006. 38. Tallavaara, P. and J. Jokisaari: An easy way to prepare pressurized glass inserts for MAS rotors. Journal of Magnetic Resonance 181, 229-232, 2006. 39. Tallavaara, P., V.-V. Telkki, and J. Jokisaari: Behavior of a Thermotropic Nematic Liquid Crystal Confined to Controlled Pore Glasses as Studied by 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, in press, 2006. 40. Telkki, V.-V., J. Lounila, and J. Jokisaari: Xenon porometry at room temperature. The Journal of Chemical Physics 124, 034711:1-8, 2006. 41. Telkki, V.-V., J. Lounila, and J. Jokisaari: Influence of diffusion on pore size distributions determined by xenon porometry. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 8, 2072-2076, 2006. 42. Tervonen, T., J. Saunavaara, L. P. Ingman and J. Jokisaari: 19F SQ and 19F-33S HMQC NMR of SF6 in thermotropic nematogens and in gas phase. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 16232-16238, 2006. Physics (space physics) 43. Aikio, A.T., T. Pitkänen, A. Kozlovsky, and O. Amm: Method to locate the polar cap boundary in the nightside ionosphere and application to a substorm event. Annales Geophysicae 24 (7), 1905-1917, 2006. 44. Alanko-Huotari, K., I.G. Usoskin, K. Mursula, and G.A. Kovaltsov: Global heliospheric parameters and cosmic ray modulation: an empirical relation for the last decades, Solar Physics, in print, 2006. 45. Asikainen, T. and K. Mursula: Reconnection and energetic particles at the edge of the exterior cusp. Annales Geophysicae 24 (7), 1949-1956, 2006. 46. Blagoveshchenskaya, N.F., V.A. Kornienko, T.D. Borisova, M.T. Rietveld, T. Bösinger, B. Thidé, T.B. Leyser and A. Brekke: Heater-induced phenomena in a coupled ionosphere-magnetosphere system. Advances in Space Research, in press, available online, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.047, 2006. 47. Blomberg, L.G., H. Matsumoto, J.-L. Bougeret, H. Kojima, S. Yagitani, J.A. Cumnock, A.I. Eriksson, G.T. Marklund, J.-E. Wahlund, L. Bylander, L. Åhlen, J.A. Holtet, K. Ishisaka, E. Kallio, Y. Kasaba, A. Matsuoka, M. Moncuquet, K. Mursula, Y. Omura, and J.G. Trotignon: MEFISTO - An electric field instrument for BepiColombo/MMO. Advances in Space Research, in press, available online, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.032, 2006. 48. Bösinger, T., A. Mika, S.L. Shalimov, C. Haldoupis, and T. Neubert: Is there a unique signature in the ULF- response to sprite-associated lightning flashes? Journal of Geophysical Research A, in press, 2006. 49. Ermakova, E.N., D.S. Kotik, S.V. Polyakov, T. Bösinger, L.A. Sobchakov: A power line as a tunable ULF-wave radiator: Properties of artificial signal at distances of 200 to 1000 km, Journal of Geophysical Research 111, A04305, doi:10.1029/2005JA011420, 2006. 50. Haldoupis, C., R.J. Steiner, A. Mika, S. Shalimov, R.A. Marshall, U.S. Inan, T. Bösinger, and T. Neubert : “Early/slo” events: a new category of VLF perturbations observed in relation with Sprites. Journal of Geophysical Research A, in press, 2006. 51. Hartle, R.E., E.C. Sittler Jr., F.M. Neubauer, R.E. Johnson, H.T. Smith, F. Crary, D.J. McComas, D.T. Young, A.J. Coates, D. Simpson, S. Bolton, D. Reisenfeld, K. Szego, J.J. Berthelier, A. Rymer, J. Vilppola, J.T. Steinberg, and N. Andre: Preliminary interpretation of Titan plasma interaction as observed by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer: Comparisons with Voyager 1. Geophysical Research Letters 33, No. 8, L08201-1--5, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024817, 2006. 52. Hiltula, T. and K. Mursula: Long dance of the bashful ballerina. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (3), L03105-1-- 4, doi: 10.1029/2005GL025198, 2006. 53. Holma, H., K.U. Kaila, M.J. Kosch, and M.T. Rietveld: Recognizing the blue emission in artificial aurora. Advances in Space Research, in press, available online, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.036, 2006. 54. Huttunen, K.E.J., H.E.J. Koskinen, A. Karinen, and K. Mursula: Asymmetric development of magnetospheric 36

storms during magnetic clouds and sheath regions. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (6), L06107-1--4, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024894, 2006. 55. Karinen, A. and K. Mursula: Correcting the Dst index: Consequences for absolute level and correlations. Journal of Geophysical Research A 111, A08207, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011299, 2006. 56. Kozelova, T.V., L. L. Lazutin, B.V. Kozelov, N. Meredith, and M.A. Danielides: Alternating bursts of low energy ions and electrons near the substorm onset. Annales Geophysicae 24, No. 7, 1957-1968, doi: 2006. 57. Mursula, K. and D. Martini: Centennial increase in geomagnetic activity: Latitudinal differences and global estimates. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, A08209, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011549, 2006. 58. Nygrén, T., A. T. Aikio, M. Voiculescu, and J. M. Ruohoniemi: IMF effect on sporadic-E layers at two northern polar cap sites: Part II – Electric field. Annales Geophysicae 24 (3), 901–913, 2006. 59. Shalimov, S.L. and T. Bösinger : An alternative explanation for the ultra-slow tail of sprite-associated lightning discharges. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 68, 814-820, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.12.001, 2006. 60. Sillanpää, I., E. Kallio, P. Janhunen, W. Schmidt, K. Mursula, J. Vilppola, and P. Tanskanen: Hybrid simulation study of ion escape at Titan for different orbital positions. Adv. Space Res., in press, available online, 2006. 61. Starodubtsev, S.A., I.G. Usoskin, A.V. Grigoryev, and K. Mursula: Long-term modulation of the cosmic ray fluctuation spectrum. Annales Geophysicae 24 (2), 779-783, 2006. 62. Voiculescu, M., A.T. Aikio, T. Nygrén, and J.M. Ruohoniemi: IMF effect on sporadic-E layers at two northern polar cap sites: Part I – Statistical study. Annales Geophysicae 24 (3), 887–900, 2006. 63. Voiculescu, M., I. Virtanen, and T. Nygrén: The F-region trough: seasonal morphology and relation to interplanetary magnetic field. Annales Geophysicae 24 (1), 173-185, 2006. Theoretical physics 64. Alekseev, K.N., M. V. Gorkunov, N. V. Demarina, T. Hyart, N.V. Alexeeva, and A.V. Shorokhov: Suppressed absolute negative conductance and generation of high-frequency radiation in semiconductor superlattices, Europhysics Letters 73 (6), 934-940, 2006. Erratum. 65. Bagga, A., P. Pietiläinen, and T. Chakraborty: Spin hot spots in vertically coupled few-electron isolated quantum dots. Physical Review B 74, 033313, 2006. 66. Califano, M., T. Chakraborty, P. Pietiläinen, and C.-M. Hu: Breaking of Larmor´s theorem in quantum Hall states with spin-orbit coupling. Physical Review B 73, 113315, 2006. 67. Eltsov V.B., A.P. Finne, R. Hänninen, J. Kopu, M. Krusius, M. Tsubota, and E.V. Thuneberg: Twisted vortex state. Physical Review Letters 96, 215302, 2006. 68. Finne, A.P., V.B. Eltsov, G. Eska, R. Hänninen, J. Kopu, M. Krusius, E.V. Thuneberg, and M. Tsubota: Vortex Multiplication in Applied Flow: the Precursor to Superfluid Turbulence. Physical Review Letters 96, 085301, 2006. 69. Leppäkangas J., E. Thuneberg, R. Lindell, and P. Hakonen: Tunneling of Cooper pairs across voltage-biased asymmetric single-Cooper-pair transistors. Physical Review B 74, 054504, 2006. 70. Pietiläinen, P. and T. Chakraborty: Energy levels and magneto-optical transitions in parabolic quantum dots with spin-orbit coupling. Physical Review B 73, 155315, 2006. 71. Shorokhov, A.V. and K.N. Alekseev: High-frequency absorption and gain in superlattices: Semiquasistatic approach. Physica E 33, 284-295, 2006. Publications in refereed journals 2000: 82 citations: 652 2001: 95 933 2002: 113 922 2003: 93 533 2004: 106 465 2005: 105 229 2006 (15.9.2006): 71 not calculated Altogether: 665 3734 37

Astronomy publications: http://physics.oulu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisut.php?oaid=3 Biophysics: http://physics.oulu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisut.php?oaid=2 Geophysics: http://physics.oulu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisut.php?oaid=4 Electron spectroscopy: http://physics.oulu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisut.php?oaid=1&ryid=3 Infrared spectroscopy: http://physics.oulu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisut.php?oaid=1&ryid=4 NMR spectroscopy: http://cc.oulu.fi/~nmrwww/publications.html Space physics: http://physics.oulu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisut.php?oaid=1&ryid=2 Theoretical physics: http://physics.oulu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisut.php?oaid=5

3. International research collaboration in research: brief description and the most important partners

A typical feature in the research carried out by the research groups of the department is a wide collaboration with a large number of foreign research groups. In details, the list of partners includes:

Astronomy

Astrophysics

Astro Space Centre, Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia (Dr. B. Stern): Gamma-ray bursts, radiation processes in relativistic jets

N. Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw, Poland (Prof. A. Zdziarski): X-ray/gamma-ray observations of accreting black holes

Durham University, UK (Dr. M. Gierlinski): Observations of accretion-powered millisecond pulsars

CEA Saclay, Service d'Astrophysique, France (Dr. M. Falanga): High energy observations of accreting millisecond pulsars and white dwarfs

Astronomical Institute, St.-Petersburg Univ., Russia (Prof. D. Nagirner): Radiative processes in relativistic plasmas

Astronomy Dept., Yale University, New Haven, USA (Prof. P. Coppi): Temporal variability of accreting black holes

Institut für Astronomie, Zurich, Switzerland (Prof. J- O.Stenflo): Molecular spectro-polarimetry

School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, UK (Dr. D. Moss): Magnetic dynamos in stellar interiors

Dept. of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia (Prof. D. Sokoloff) Stellar activity and dynamo models

Max-Planck-Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany (Prof. S. Solanki): Molecular spectro-polarimetry

Astrophysikalisches Institut Postdam, Germany (Dr. H. Korhonen, Prof. Strassmeier): Stellar activity, surface Doppler imaging

N. Copernicus Astronomical Center, Torun, Poland (Prof. R. Szczerba): Water masers in asymptotic branch stars

Jodrell Bank Observatory, University of Manchester, UK (Dr. A. Richards): Waters masers in asymptotic branch stars 38

Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Garching, Germany (Dr. M. Gilfanov): Accreting black holes

Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik, Freiburg, Germany (Prof. M. Stix): Stellar convection

Dynamical Astronomy

Wellesley College, Wellesley, USA (Prof. R.G. French): Dynamical and photometric modeling of Hubble Space Telescope observations of Saturn's rings. (one Oulu researcher is a Co-I in French's NSFproject)

Cornell University, Ithaca, USA (Prof. P. Nicholson): Theoretical modeling of Arecibo radar and Cassini VIMS occultation data of Saturn's rings

University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA (Prof. R. Buta): Formation and evolution of bars in the nearby universe (2 Oulu researchers are Co-I's in Buta's NSF project)

Uppsala Astronomical Observatory, Uppsala, Sweden (Dr. N. Bergvall): Spitzer Space Telescope project "Resonance rings in Blue Compact galaxies"

Marseille Observatory, Marseille, France (Dr. M. Marcelin, Dr. P. Amram). Fabry-Perot instrument project to the European Southern Observatory

University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK (Prof. J. Knapen): Studies of barred galaxies

University of Witwaterstrand, Witwaterstrand, South Africa (Prof. D.Block): Studies of barred galaxies

Institute of Astronomy, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (Drs. Fuentes-Carrera, M. Rosado, D. Dultzin-Hacyan): Fabry-Perot velocity field observations of interacting galaxies

Univ. of Potsdam, Dept. Nonlinear Dynamics, Potsdam, Germany (Prof. F. Spahn, Dr. J. Schmidt): Planetary ring dynamics

Univ. of Zurich, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Switzerland (Dr. R. Morishima): Thermal modeling of Saturn's Rings

Planetology

Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Berlin, Germany (Drs. R. Jaumann, H. Hoffmann, J. Helbert): Remote Sensing of the Earth and Planets, Mars Express and Venus Express missions

International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Universita' d'Annunzio, d'Annuncio, Italia (Drs. G.G. Ori, L. Marinangeli): Marsand Venus studies

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia (Prof. A. Basilevsky, Dr. M. Ivanov): Venus and Marsstudies

Kharkov Astronomical Observatory, Kharkov, Ukraine (Dr. M. Kreslavsky): Mars studies

Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, NAS, Kharkov, Ukraine (Dr. N. Bondarenko): Venus studies

Brown University, Providence, RI, USA (prof. J. Head III): Mars studies

Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, USA (Dr. M. Hager): Nasa Planetary Image Facilities Network

Laboratory for Cosmochemistry and Meteoritics, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (Dr. D. Badjukov): Impact crater and impactite studies

39

Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia (Dr. S. Vishnevsky): Impact crater and impactite studies

Biophysics

University of Cambridge, UK, Department of Zoology (Prof. S. Laughlin and Dr. J. Niven): Biophysics and cellular mechanisms in vision

University of Cambridge, UK, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (Prof. R. Hardie): Patch-clamp methods, visual transductionProcesses, researcher training

Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (Prof. A. French): Non-linear identification methods, teaching

Bielefeld University, Department of Neurobiology, Germany (Prof. M. Egelhaaf): Motion detection mechanisms in vision, researcher exchange

University of Lund, Department of Cell and Organism Biology (Prof. E. Warrant): Receptor physiology, spatial vision

Geophysics

Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Sopron, Hungary . (Prof. A. Adam, Dr. L. Szarka, Dr. S. Szalai): Electromagnetic and electrical methods in solid Earth geophysics

Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia (Prof. L.L. Vanyan, deceased, Dr. N.A. Palshin and his group) : Electromagnetic geophysics via the (RAS - Academy of Finland) project number 13, BEAR

Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, Geoelectromagnetic Research Institutes of RAS in Troitsk (IZMIRAN) (Dr. I.M. Varentsov and his group): Electromagnetic geophysics via the (RAS - Academy of Finland) project number 13, BEAR

Geophysical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Dr. T. Ernst and his group): Magnetotellurics, SVEKALAPKO seismic tomography

Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (Prof. M. Hvozdara): Numerical electromagnetic and electrical modeling

Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, the Czech Republic (Dr. V. Cerv, Dr. J. Pek): Electromagnetic methods (particularly magnetotellurics), SVEKALAPKO seismic tomography

GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany (Prof. V. Haak and his group): SVEKALAPKO seismic tomography; electromagnetic soundings (particularly magnetotellurics, BEAR).

Lviv Centre of Institutes of Space Research, Lviv, Ukraine (Dr. V. Korepanov and his group): Electromagnetic soundings (particularly magnetotellurics, BEAR)

Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India (Associate Professor S.P. Sharma, who was the post-doc researcher in Oulu in 1996-1999): Numerical electromagnetic and electrical modelling and inversion

Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany (Prof. P. Weidelt and his group): Electromagnetic soundings (particularly magnetotellurics, BEAR)

University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia (Dr. A.A. Kovtun and her group): Electromagnetic geophysics (particularly magnetotellurics, BEAR)

University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden ( Prof. L.B. Pedersen and his group): Electromagnetic methods (particularly magnetotellurics, BEAR) in solid Earth geophysics 40

Vrije Universiteit, Institute of Earth Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Prof. S. Cloetingh and his group): Rheology and computational geodynamics, particularly, at the beginning of the new research topic in the mid of 1990's

University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Dr. J.S. Daly): SVEKALAPKO co-leadership

University of Grenoble: SVEKALAPKO seismic tomography

Moscow University, Institute of Earth Physics, Moscow, Russia: SVEKALAPKO, seismic tomography

University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France: SVEKALAPKO, seismic tomography

University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany: SVEKALAPKO seismic tomography

ETH, Zürich, Switzerland: SVEKALAPKO, seismic tomography

GEON, Moscow, Russia: SVEKALAPKO seismics

Spetsgeofizika, Moscow, Russia: SVEKALAPKO reflection seismics; FIRE

VSEGEI, St. Petersburg, Russia: SVEKALAPKO seismic tomography

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMES:

ILP / EUROPROBE / SVEKALAPKO / research, training (PhDs) / 1995 -2001 ILP / EUROPROBE / SVEKALAPKO / BEAR / research, training (PhDs) / 1997 -2002 BEAR (Baltic Electromagnetic Array Research)

Physics

Electron spectroscopy

MAX synchrotron radiation facility, Lund, Sweden: Experiments at the Finnish-Swedish beamline I411, planned and constructed by the Finnish consortium (Oulu and Turku Universities and the Academy of Finland) at MAX II

Uppsala University, Department of Physics, Sweden (Group of Prof. S. Svensson): Joint experiments and construction of a laser facility at MAX-lab

Institute of Nuclear Research of Hungarian Academy of Science, Debrechen, Hungary (Group of Dr. S. Ricz): Construction of the ESA electron spectrometer and joint experiments at MAX-lab

Department of Physics, University of Kassel, Germany ( Dr. S. Fritzsche): Development of computational tools based on the multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock method

Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy (Group of Dr. K. C. Prince): Joint measurements at ELETTRA storage ring.

SPring-8 synchorotron radiation facility, Japan (Group of prof. K. Ueda): Joint experiments at Spring-8

University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, Estonia (Group of Dr. E. Nömmiste): Joint experiments at MAX-lab, planning and building of a new Finnish-Estonian beamline at MAX III

Bessy II synchrotron radiation facility, Berlin, Germany ( Dr. R. Puttner): Joint experiments at Bessy II

Western Michigan University, Physics Department, Michigan (Group of prof. N. Berrah): Joint experiments at Advanced Light Source, ALS, in Berkeley, California

University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry (Drs K. Borve and L. Saethre): Quantum mechanical calculations for electronic transitions in molecules 41

Vilnus Unversity, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnus, Lithuania (Group of V. Jonauskas): Studies of cascade processes using the method of global characteristics

Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Theoretische Chemie, Bochum, Germany (Dr. R. Fink): Development of computational tools for electron spectra in molecules

University of Miskolc, Department of Physics, Hungary (Group of Prof. B. Paripas): Angular dependence of the post collision interaction effect

Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California (Group of Dr. J. Bozek): Joint experiments at gas-phase beam line at ALS

Universita Degli Studi Roma, Physics Department, Roma, Italy (Group of Prof. L. Avaldi): Joint experiments at gas-phase beamline at ELETTRA

Infrared spectroscopy

Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany (Dr. F. Winther): Weak overtone and combination bands of dicyanoacetylene C4N2 Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Moleculaire, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Chemie du cyclotron 2, B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium (Dr. A. Fayt): Weak overtone and combination bands of dicyanoacetylene C4N2 Univ Naples, Dipartimento Chim Farmaceut & Tossicol, via D Montesano 49, I 80131 Naples, Italy (Dr. C. di Lauro and Dr. F. Lattanzi): Large amplitude internal motion in disilane Si2H6 and torsion motion in different isotopic forms of ethane Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Dr. N. Moazzen- Ahmadi): Large amplitude internal motion in disilane Si2H6 and torsion motion in different isotopic forms of ethane Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Physics Department, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia 13 (Prof. O. Ulenikov): Rotation-vibration spectroscopy on formaldehyde isotopic forms H2CO, D2CO, H2 CO, 13 D2 CO Faculty of Quantum Radiophysics, Kharkov National University, Svobody SQ. 4, 610077 Kharkov, Ukraine (Dr. O. Baskakov): Rotation-vibration spectroscopy on formic acid HCOOH and DCOOH as well as on the isotopic forms CH2DI ja CHD2I of methyl iodide Laboratoire de Physique, Atomes et Molecules, CNRS UMR 8523, Universite de Lille I Bat. P5. 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France (Dr. J. Demaison): Rotation and rotation-vibration spectroscopy on the isotopic forms CH2DI ja CHD2I of methyl iodide

NMR-spectroscopy

University of California, Berkeley, USA (Group of Prof. A. Pines): Investigation of membranes using NMR remote detection

RWTH Aachen, Germany(Group of Prof. B. Blümich): Investigation of fluid flow and chemical micromixers with NMR imaging

University of Southampton, UK (Group of Prof. G. Luckhurst): Director dynamics of liquid crystals studied by 2H NMR spectroscopy University of Osaka, Japan (Group of Prof. A. Sugimura) and University of Pisa, Italy (Group of Prof. C.A. Veracini): NMR studies of novel liquid crystals

University of Southampton, UK, (Prof. J. W. Emsley) and University of Calabria (Group of Professor Marcello Longeri): Investigation of the properties of solute molecules in liquid-crystalline solutions

University of Buffalo, USA (Ass. Prof. J. Autschbach): Nuclear shielding and spin-spin coupling tensor of molecules 42

Vienna University of Technology, Austria, (Dr. M. Weil) and National Inst. of Chem. Phys. and Biophys., Estonia (Dr. Ago Samoson and Dr. Ivo Heinmaa): Investigation of the NMR properties of mercurous phosphates

Stockholm University, Sweden (Prof. J. Kowaleski): Nuclear shielding tensors and relaxation

University of Tromsø, Norway (Prof. K. Ruud): Quantum-chemical computation of NMR and ESR parameters

National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India (Dr. C. Satyanarayana): Investigation of nanoporous materials by means of 129Xe NMR of adsorbed xenon gas.

University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Prof. R. E. Wasylishen): Spin-spin coupling tensors as determined by experiments and quantum-chemical computations

NMR Research Group is a partner in the COST D26 action (Integrative Computational Chemistry) WG10 "Experiment-oriented quantum chemistry tools for spectroscopies based on electric, magnetic, and vibrational phenomena". WG10 consists of scientists from Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Switzerland, and Finland.

Space Physics

Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany (Prof. S. Solanki): Solar magnetism and long-term solar activity, (Dr. P. Daly): Energetic particle measurements on Cluster-II

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Prof. L. Blomberg): MEFISTO instrument for BepiColombo mission to Mercury

Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia (Dr. G. Kovaltsov): Modulation of cosmic rays and long-term solar activity

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Yakutsk, Russia (Dr. S. Starodubtsev): Rapid fluctuations of cosmic rays

Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Sopron, Hungary (Dr. B. Zieger): Long-term geomagnetic activity and heliospheric structure

Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA (Prof. D. Young): Plasma measurements by Cassini/CAPS at Saturn and Titan

Space and Atmospheric Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA (Dr B. Barraclough): Plasma measurements by Cassini/CAPS at Saturn and Titan. (Dr. R. Friedel): Energetic particle measurements on Cluster-II

Geophysical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic (Dr. K. Prikner): Pc1 waves and ionospheric Alfven resonator

CETP/UVSQ, Velizy, France (Prof. F. Forme and Dr. D. Fontaine): Cluster satellite observations

IRF-U, Uppsala, Sweden (Dr. S. Buchert): Cluster satellite observations

IRF-K, Kiruna,Sweden (Dr. Hans Nilsson): Cluster satellite observations. (Prof. I. Sandahl): Optical measurements

University of California, Berkeley, USA (Prof. G. Parks ja Dr. M. Fillingim): UVI-measurements by the Polar satellite

The Johns Hopkins University, APL, Laurel MD, USA (Dr. M. Ruohoniemi): Polar and high latitude ionosphere, ionospheric convection

University of Galati, Romania (Dr. M. Voiculescu): Polar and high latitude ionosphere, ionospheric convection 43

Utah State University, Logan, USA (Dr. M.J. Taylor): Airglow tomography

University of Illinois, USA (Dr. G.R. Swenson): Airglow tomography

Polar Geophysical Institute, Murmansk, Russia (Dr. E. D. Tereshchenko’s group): ionospheric tomography and F region small scale plasma irregularities

Theoretical Physics

CERN, Geneve, Switzerland (M. Laine, P. De Forcrand): Standard Model of particle physics at high temperatures

Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (P. Damgaard): QCD spectral density; (D. Bödeker): Baryon number violation in the early Universe

Bielefeld University, Germany (M. Laine, Y. Schröder, D. Bödeker): Pressure in high-temperature QCD; Electroweak phase transition

Regensburg University, Germany (H. Weigert): Small-x evolution equations

McGill University, Montreal, Canada (G. D. Moore): Baryon number violation in the Early Universe

EFPL Lausanne, Switzerland (M. Shaposhnikov): Gauge theories in extra dimensions

DAMTP, University of Cambridge (A. Rajantie): Phase transitions in U(1) gauge theories

Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation (Prof. A. Ignatov, Prof. A. Zharov, Dr. N. Demarina): Theory of superlattices

Russian Federation (Dr. A. Shorokhov, Mordovian University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia): Mathematical physics with application tonanostructures

Dr Stephan Winnerl, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Germany (Dr. S. Winnerl) : Nonlinear transport in superlattices under THz radiation

University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK (Prof. A. Patane): THz generation in nanostructures

University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK (Dr. M. Gorkounov):.Subject of cooperation: Theory of semiconductor and optical systems

Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation (Prof. A. Ignatov, Prof. A. Zharov, Dr. N. Demarina):.Theory of superlattices

Osaka City University, Japan (M. Tsubota:) Numerical simulation of vortex structures

Johannes Kepler Universität, Linz, Austria (E. Krotscheck), University of Loughborough, UK (F. V. Kusmartsev) and University of Barcelona, Spain (J. Boronat): Quantum fluids and solids

Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany and University of Manitoba, Canada (T. Chakraborty): Nanosystems

The scientists of the Department take actively part in international conferences and deliver invited talks and oral presentations and display posters. Furthermore, they are often invited to international advisory boards, program committees and organizing committees of international conference series, and to members of international scientific societies and unions.

44

4. Assessment of how teaching at the department ties in with research

Undergraduate students are encouraged to participate to the work in research groups during their studies, before they complete the Master's degree. Some undergraduate courses are organized into the form of small research projects. The topics of most Master’s theses originate in the research groups, and the best MSc theses lead to refereed publications. In this way the students are able to continue to graduate studies smoothly, without interruption.

Students attend a course introducing the research topics at the Department already in the beginning of their studies, during the first semester. Further, various topics of the current research are explained to the students during undergraduate (BSc-level) studies. The courses on advanced (MSc) level are tightly connected to the ongoing research.

Seniors of the research groups as well as graduate students participate in supervising the undergraduate students in their project works. Our Masters and Doctors are easily employed by various companies, schools, universities and research institutes (national and international), which indicates that the education is at high level.

5. Well-founded evaluation of the quality of research (use the attached scale 1-7 when applicable)

7.

We conclude that majority of the unit’s publications are at a high international level and virtually all others at a good international level. The scientific activity and productivity of the Department is on the very high level; it produces about 30 % of the articles in international journals published by the scientists in the Faculty of Science and about 10 % of the ones published by the scientists in the University of Oulu. The scientists in the Department have published also in the valued journals Nature and Science several articles and thus contributed significantly to that Oulu University is ranked on the 400-500 places on the Shanghai list. In addition, cooperation with foreign scientists is a natural character of all our activities. We also have paid special attention to the development of researcher training. Presently, the Department is number one PhD educator in the Faculty of Science and on a very high level on the university scale as well.

II Research and scope of research

6. Active research staff (excluding researchers working on their dissertation), list of professors: names, research theme, most recent scientific publication docents: same information others: same information

RESEARCH GROUPS; List of researchers September 1, 2006. Total number of personal citations is given in parenthesis after the research theme.

ASTRONOMY Poutanen, Juri, Professor: Theoretical and observational studies of gamma-ray bursts as well as accreting black holes and neutron stars (1342) Gierlinski, M. and J. Poutanen: Physics of accretion in the millisecond pulsar XTE J1751-305, Mon.Not. R. Astron. Soc. 359, 1261-1276, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09004.x, 2005.

Laurikainen, Eija, Docent: Galaxy evolution in the nearby universe: observational and theoretical approach to the formation and evolution of bars and bulges (765) Laurikainen, E., H. Salo, R. Buta, J.H. Knapen, T. Speltincx, and D.L. Block: The near-infrared S0 survey. III. Morphology of 15 southern early-type disk galaxies. Astronomical Journal, in press, 2006. 45

Raitala, Jouko, Docent: Geology of Mars, Venus and terrestrial planetsincluding remote sensing, impact craters, meteorites and space matter. (168) Hauber, E., S. van Gasselt, B. Ivanov, S. Werner, J.W. Head, G. Neukum, R. Jaumann, R. Greeley, K.L. Mitchell, P. Muller, andThe HRSC Co-Investigator Team (J. Albertz, A.T. Basilevsky, G. Bellucci, J.-P. Bibring, M. Buchroithner, M.H. Carr, E. Dorrer, T.C. Duxbury, H. Ebner, B.H. Foing, R. Greeley, E. Hauber, J.W. Head III, C. Heipke, H. Hoffmann, A. Inada, W.-H. Ip, B.A. Ivanov, R. Jaumann, H.U. Keller, R. Kirk, K. Kraus, P. Kronberg, R. Kuzmin, Y. Langevin, K. Lumme, W. Markiewicz, P. Masson, H. Mayer, T.B. McCord, J.-P. Muller, J.B. Murray, F.M. Neubauer, J. Oberst, G.G. Ori, M. Pa tzold, P. Pinet, R. Pischel1, F. Poulet, J. Raitala, G. Schwarz, T. Spohn & S. W. Squyres). Discovery of a flank caldera and very young glacial activity at Hecates Tholus, Mars. Nature 434: 356-361, 2005.

Salo, Heikki, Docent: Dynamical and photometric modeling of planetary rings. Dynamics of interacting and barred galaxies (1001) Morishima, R. and and H. Salo: Simulations of dense planetary rings: IV Rotating self-gravitating particles with size distribution. Icarus 181, 272-291, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.023, 2006.

Aittola, Marko, Researcher: Volcano-tectonic features on Venus and Mars. (27) Aittola, M. and J. Raitala: Novae and Coronae on the Hecate Chasma deformation area. Solar System Research 39 (3), 199-213, doi: 10.1007/s11208-005-0035-0, 2005.

Babkovskaia, Natalia, Researcher: Water masers in dusty environments of active galactic nuclei and asymptotic branch stars (9) Babkovskaia, N., J. Poutanen. A.M.S. Richards, and R. Szczerba: A warped m = 2 water maser disc in V778 Cyg? Mon.Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 1921-1927, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10626.x, 2006.

Berdyugina, Svetlana, Researcher: Studies of stellar and solar activity using surface Doppler imaging and molecular spectro-polarimetry (638) Berdyugina, S.V., D. Moss, D. Sokoloff, and I.G. Usoskin: Active longitudes, non-axisymmetric dynamos and phase mixing, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 445, 703-714, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20053454, 2006.

Butkevich, Alexey, Researcher: Statistics in stellar astronomy and physics of close stellar binaries Butkevich, A.G., A.V. Berdyugin, and P. Teerikorpi: Statistical biases in stellar astronomy: the Malmquist bias revisited, Mon.Not. R. Astron. Soc. 362, 321-330, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09306.x, 2005.

Rautiainen, Pertti, Reseacher: Dynamics and morphology of spiral galaxies (168) Rautiainen, P., H. Salo, and E. Laurikainen: The pattern speeds of 38 barred galaxies. Astrophysical Journal 631, L129-L132, 2005.

Suleimanov, Valery, Researcher: Atmosphere modeling of neutron stars and accretion disks Suleimanov, V. and J. Poutanen: Spectra of the spreading layers on the neutron star surface and constraints on the neutron star equation of state, Mon.Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369, 2036-2048, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10454.x, 2006.

BIOPHYSICS Weckström, Matti, Professor: Biophysics of nerve and cardiac cells, membrane signalling, systems analysis (882) Vähäsöyrinki, M., J.E. Niven, R.C. Hardie, M. Weckström, and M. Juusola: Robustness of neural coding in Drosophila photoreceptors in the absence of slow delayed rectifier K+ channels. J. Neurosci. 26 (10), 2652- 2660, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3316-05.2006, 2006.

Krause, Stephan, Researcher: Potassium channels and their modulation in photoreceptors Krause, S. and W. Schwarz: Identification and selective inhibition of the channel mode of the neuronal GABA transporter 1. Mol Pharmacol. 68, 1728-35, doi: 10.1124/mol.105.013870, 2005.

Zhu, Yani, Researcher: Potassium channels and their modulation in photoreceptors (5) Zhu, Y., J. Fei, and W. Schwarz: Expression and transport function of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 in Xenopus oocytes is regulated by syntaxin 1A. J. Neurosci. Res. 79, 503-508, 2005.

Vähäsöyrinki, Mikko, Reseacher: Biophysics of learning, membrane signalling (15) 46

Vähäsöyrinki, M., J.E. Niven, R.C. Hardie, M. Weckström, and M. Juusola: Robustness of neural coding in Drosophila photoreceptors in the absence of slow delayed rectifier K+ channels. J. Neurosci. 26 (10), 2652- 2660, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3316-05.2006, 2006.

GEOPHYSICS Kaikkonen, Pertti, Professor: Electrical (DC) and electromagnetic (EM) methods in solid Earth geophysics, numerical modeling and inversion of DC and EM data; structure, properties and dynamics of the lithosphere (275) Moisio, K. and P. Kaikkonen: Three-dimensional numerical thermal and rheological modelling in the central Fennoscandian Shield. Journal of Geodynamics, in press, available online, doi: 10.1016/j.jog.2006.05.001, 2006.

Korja, Toivo, Docent: The structure, evolution and current dynamics of the Earth's crust and upper mantle using electrical conductivity and other geophysical and geological data (440) Hjelt, S.-E., T. Korja, E. Kozlovskaya, I. Lahti, J. Yliniemi & BEAR and SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Groups: Electrical conductivity and seismic velocity structures of the lithosphere beneath the Fennoscandian Shield. In book “European Lithosphere Dynamics” edited by D.G. Gee and R.A. Stephenson, published by The Geological Society, London, Geological Society Memoir No. 32, pp. 541-559, 2006.

Moisio, Kari, Reseacher: Numerical geodynamical modelling of the lithosphere; thermal, rheological and deformational aspects and geological and geophysical conditions of the Fennoscandian Shield (20) Moisio, K. and P. Kaikkonen: Three-dimensional numerical thermal and rheological modelling in the central Fennoscandian Shield. Journal of Geodynamics, in press, available online, doi: 10.1016/j.jog.2006.05.001, 2006.

Pirttijärvi, Markku, Reseacher: The development of practical and educational interpretation and modelling software for various investigation methods of applied geophysics (e.g., magnetic, gravity, airborne EM, VLF- R, and time-domain EM methods) (11) Kozlovskaya, E., S. Elo, S.-E. Hjelt, J. Yliniemi, M. Pirttijärvi, and SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Group: 3-D density model of the crust of southern and central Finland obtained from joint interpretation of SVEKALAPKO crustal P-wave velocity model and gravity data. Geoph. J. Int., 158, 827- 848, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02363.x, 2004.

Smirnov, Maxim, Researcher: Magnetotellurics: data processing, modelling and inversion, source effects; the structure and evolution of the Fennoscandian Shield from electromagnetic data Brasse, H., V. Cerv, T. Ernst, N. Hoffmann, J. Jankowski, W. Jozwiak, T. Korja, A. Kreutzmann, A. Neska, N. Palshin, L.B. Pedersen, G. Schwarz, M. Smirnov, E. Sokolova, and I.M. Varentsov: Probing electrical conductivity of the Trans-European suture zone. EOS, Vol. 87, No. 29, pp. 281 and 287, 2006.

PHYSICS Electron spectroscopy Aksela, Helena, Professor: Electronic transitions in atoms, molecules and small clusters studied by ab initio calculations and experiments carried out using synchrotron radiation excited electron spectroscopy. (2611) Schulz, J., S. Heinäsmäki, R. Sankari, T. Rander, A. Lindblad, H. Bergersen, G. Öhrwall, S. Svensson, E. Kukk, S. Aksela, and H. Aksela: Characterization of weakly excited final states by shakedown spectroscopy of laser-excited potassium, Phys. Rev. A, 74, 012705-1--6, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012705, 2006.

Aksela, Seppo, Professor: Electron and ion spectroscopies of vapours excited by synchrotron radiation. (3130) Poygin, M., R. Püttner, M. Martins, V. Pennanen, M. Jurvansuu, Y. H. Jiang, H. Aksela, S. Aksela, and G. Kaindl: Detailed study of the S 2p-1–->X1 A1(2b-2) normal Auger spectra of H2S, Phys. Rev. A, 74, 012711-1--8, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012711, 2006.

Heinäsmäki, Sami, Docent: Intensity and angular distributions of electron spectra of free atoms. (55) Nikkinen, J., S. Fritzsche, and S. Heinäsmäki: Revised and extended Utilities for the Ratip package, Comp. Phys. Commun., 175, Issue 5, 348-358, doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2006.04.010, 2006.

Schulz, Joachim, Docent: Electron spectroscopy of laser excited atoms. (310) 47

Schulz, J., S. Heinäsmäki, R. Sankari, T. Rander, A. Lindblad, H. Bergersen, G. Öhrwall, S. Svensson, E. Kukk, S. Aksela, and H. Aksela: Characterization of weakly excited final states by shakedown spectroscopy of laser-excited potassium, Phys. Rev. A, 74, 012705-1--6, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012705, 2006.

Huttula, Marko, Reseacher: Electron and ion spectroscopy of free atoms and free molecules. (66) Schulz, J., M. Määttä, S. Heinäsmäki, M. Huttula, R. Sankari, E. Kukk, T. Rander, S. Svensson, S. Aksela, and H. Aksela: 5p photoemission from laser-excited cesium atoms, Phys. Rev. A, 73, 062721-1 - 062721-6, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062721, 2006.

Infrared spectroscopy Alanko, Seppo, Docent: High resolution rotation-vibration spectroscopy of small molecules and fysical optics of micro and nano scale optical structures. (270) Baskakov, O.I., E.A. Alekseev, R.A.Motiyenko, J.Lohilahti, V.-M.Horneman, S.Alanko, B.P.Winnewisser, I.R.Medvedev, and F.C.DeLucia, FTIR and millimeter wave investigation of the 71 and 91 states of formic acid HCOOH and H13COOH, J.Mol.Spectrosc., in print

Horneman, Veli-Matti, Docent: High resolution infrared spectrometers and their use in rotation-vibration spectroscopy of small molecules as well as in high precision measurements for calibration purposes. (361) Lattanzi, F., C.DiLauro, and V.-M.Horneman, Torsional splitting in the v12=1 vibrational state of Si2H6: analysis of the ν6+ν12 and ν9+ν12(E) combination bands in the high resolution infrared spectrum, Mol. Phys. 104, 12 1795-1817, 2006.

Lohilahti, Jarmo, Reseacher: High resolution rotation-vibration spectroscopy and the use of photoacoustic detectors in high resolution infrared spectrometers. (7) Baskakov, O.I., V.-M.Horneman, J. Lohilahti, and S.Alanko, High Resolution FTIR spectra of the n9 vibrational band of cis-rotamers of HCOOH and H13COOH, J. Mol. Structure, 795, 49-53, 2006.

NMR spectrosopy Jokisaari, Jukka, Professor: Investigation of molecules and various materials by means of experimental NMR spectroscopy (1946) Tallavaara, P. and J. Jokisaari: 2D 129Xe EXSY of xenon atoms in a thermotropic liquid crystal confined to a controlled pore glass, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, in press.

Lounila, Juhani, Docent: NMR spectroscopy of isotropic liquids, liquid crystals, porous materials and biological systems (850) Telkki, V.-V. J. Lounila, and J. Jokisaari: Influence of diffusion on pore size distributions determined by xenon porometry, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 8, 2072-2076, 2006.

Telkki, Ville-Veikko, Researcher: Invesitigation of mesoporous materials with the aid of NMR spectroscopy and imaging (15) Telkki, V.-V., J. Lounila, and J. Jokisaari: Influence of diffusion on pore size distributions determined by xenon porometry, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 8, 2072-2076, 2006.

Space physics Mursula, Kalevi, Professor: Space physics, esp. solar-terrestrial physics, space climate, heliospheric physics, magnetospheric physics. (1231) Hiltula, T. and K. Mursula, Long dance of the bashful ballerina, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, No. 3, L03105, doi:10.1029/2005GL025198, 2006.

Nygrén, Tuomo, Professor: Ionospheric physics. (427) Nygrén, T., A.T. Aikio, M. Voiculescu, and J.M. Ruohoniemi: IMF effect on sporadic-E layers at two northern polar cap sites: Part II – Electric field, Ann. Geophys., 24, 901–913, 2006.

Kaila, Kari, Docent: Optical aurora. (106) Holma, H., K.U. Kaila, M.J. Kosch, and M.T. Rietveld: Recognizing the blue emission in artificial aurora. Advances in Space Research, in press, available online, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.036, 2006. Aikio, Anita, Researcher: Ionospheric-magnetospheric coupling. (160) Aikio, A.T., T. Pitkänen, A. Kozlovsky, and O. Amm: Method to locate the polar cap boundary in the nightside ionosphere and application to a substorm event, Ann. Geophys., 24, 1905-1917, 2006. 48

Asikainen, Timo, Researcher: Magnetospheric physics, esp. energetic particles in the magnetosphere. Asikainen, T. and K. Mursula, Filling the South Atlantic anomaly by energetic electrons during a great magnetic storm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16102, doi:10.1029/2005GL023634, 2005.

Vilppola, Jari, Researcher: Cassini plasma measurements at the Saturn. (86) R. E. Hartle, E. C. Sittler Jr.,F. M. Neubauer, R. E. Johnson, H. T. Smith, F. Crary, D. J. McComas, D. T. Young, A. J. Coates, D. Simpson, S. Bolton, D. Reisenfeld, K. Szego, J. J. Berthelier, A. Rymer, J. Vilppola, J. T. Steinberg, and N. Andre, Preliminary interpretation of Titan plasma interaction as observed by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer: Comparisons with Voyager, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08201, doi:10.1029/2005GL024817, 2006.

THEORETICAL PHYSICS Rummukainen, Kari, Professor: Particle physics at high temperatures, particle cosmology. (2611) A. Hietanen, K. Kajantie (Helsinki U.) , M. Laine (Bielefeld U.) , K. Rummukainen (CERN & Oulu U. & Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) , Y. Schroder (Bielefeld U.) Plaquette expectation value and gluon condensate in three dimensions. Journal of High-Energy Physics JHEP 0501:013,2005

Thuneberg, Erkki, Professor: Mesoscopic theory of superfluids and superconductors. (1069) Eltsov, V.B., A.P. Finne, R. Hänninen, J. Kopu, M. Krusius, M. Tsubota and E.V. Thuneberg: Twisted vortex state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 215302, 2006.

Pietiläinen, Pekka, Docent: Interaction effects of electrons in small structures. (1110) Pietiläinen, P. and T. Chakraborty: Energy levels and magneto-optical transitions in parabolic quantum dots with spin-orbit coupling, / Phys. Rev. B/, /73/, 155315, 2006

Saarela, Mikko, Docent: Many-body theory. (579) Saarela, M., T. Taipaleenmäki and F. V. Kusmartsev: Clustering of charged quantum fluid mixtures, Codensed Matter Theories, Vol. 21, Edited by J. W. Clark and B. Panoff, 2006, in press.

Alekseev, Kirill, Researcher: Nonlinear phenomena in condensed matter and optics. Hyart, T., N.V. Alexeeva, A. Leppanen, K.N. Alekseev, THz parametric gain in semiconductor superlattices in the absence of electric domains, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, No13, 4 pages, 2006.

Alexeeva, Natalia, Researcher: THz generation in semiconductor superlattices. Alekseev, K.N., M. V. Gorkunov, N. V. Demarina, T. Hyart, N. V.Alexeeva, A. V. Shorokhov, Suppressed absolute negative conductance and generation of high-frequency radiation in semiconductor superlattices, Europhys. Lett., 73, No 6, 934-940, 2006.

7. Doctoral dissertations at the department. List of researcher trainees, their instructors, and topics of research. Mention collaborating department at the University of Oulu or elsewhere, a brief estimate of the phase of work (e.g. “of intended 4 articles 3 have been published, one being written”), estimate of the time of the public defence of dissertation, information on how work is funded (graduate school/other supplementary funding, position at the University/personal grant/working elsewhere and dissertation “a leisure activity”)

Doctoral theses 2000-2006 1. Apaja, Vesa (2000): Collective Excitations and Stability of Quantum Fluids 2. Bräysy, Timo (2000): Satellite observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves 3. Hiltunen, Antti (2000): Experimental studies on photon, electron and proton excited Auger spectra 4. Ilyin, Ilya (2000): High resolution SOFIN CCD échelle spectroscopy 5. Jokinen, Jarkko (2000): Uncertainty analysis and inversion of geothermal conductive models using random simulation methods 6. Kivilompolo, Mika (2000): Analysis and interpretation of atomic and molecular electron spectra with theoretical and computational methods 7. Rautiainen, Pertti (2000): Models of barred galaxies 49

8. Ulich, Thomas (2000): Solar variability and long-term trends in the ionosphere 9. Usoskin, Ilya (2000): Solar activity changes and modulation of cosmic rays 10. Han, Chunlei (2001): Intracellular calcium stores and sodium-calcium exchanger in cardiac myocytes 11. Hyvönen, Marja (2001): Molecular dynamics simulations on phospholipid membranes 12. Jurvansuu, Marko (2001): Instrumentation and electron spectroscopical studies on soft x-ray gas phase beam line 1411 13. Kerttula, Raine (2001): Ground-based studies of Pc 1 waves 14. Kozlovskaya, Elena (2001): Theory and application of joint interpretation of multimethod geophysical data 15. Andersen, Michael I. (2002): Gamma-ray Bursts: Afterglows and Host Galaxies 16. Harkoma, Matti (2002): Instrumentation for electron spectroscopy of high temperature vapours 17. Keränen, Antti (2002): Exact conservation laws in statistical models for relativistic heavy ion collisions 18. Korhonen, Heidi (2002): Surface structures of FK Com 19. Lantto, Perttu (2002): Electronic structure studies on NMR spin-spin coupling and nuclear shielding tensors 20. Matila, Tommi (2002): Relativistic quantum mechanics applied to inner shell spectroscopy 21. Aittola, Marko (2003): Venusian novae (astra): Characteristics, classification, and connection to other volcano-tectonic features 22. Halinen, Jani (2003): Dynamic structure and stability of bosonic quantum fluids 23. Huttula, Saana-Maija (2003): Angular distribution of Auger electrons in resonant and cascade Auger processes in rare gases 24. Kozlovsky, Alexander (2003): Structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere inferred from radar and optical observations at high latitudes 25. Pälli, Anja (2003): Polythermal glacier studies in Svalbard determined by ground-penetrating radar 26. Pirttijärvi, Markku (2003): Numerical modeling and inversion of geophysical electromagnetic measurements using a thin plate model 27. Vilppola, Jari (2003): Solar wind: Detection Methods and Long-Term Fluctuations 28. Aikio, Janne K. (2004): Extremely short external cavity (ESEC) laser devices: Wavelength tuning and related optical characteristics 29. Damtie, Baylie (2004): New incoherent scatter radar measurement techniques and data analysis methods 30. Huttula, Marko (2004): VUV ― Excited Electron and Ion Spectroscopy of some Vapor Phase Atoms and Molecules 31. Koskela, Tuomas (2004): Investigations of Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves Applying Noble Gas and Methane NMR Spectroscopy 32. Manninen, Pekka (2004): Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian and Molecular Magnetic Resonance Properties 33. Niemelä, Karri (2004): Exact diagonalization studies on semiconductor nanostructures 34. Sankari, Rami (2004): Spectroscopy of synchrotron radiation excited noble gas atoms and water molecules 35. Sarkkinen, Hannu (2004): High-resolution infrared studies on deuterated monoiodoacetylene 36. Schroderus, Jyrki (2004): Internal Rotation in Symmetric Top Molecules 37. Vähäsöyrinki, Mikko (2004): Voltage-gated K+ channels in Drosophila photoreceptors 38. Asikainen, Timo (2005): Observations of energetic particles in terrestrial magnetosphere 39. Babkovskaia, Natalia (2005): Water masers in dusty environments of stars and in galactic circumnuclear region 40. Danielides, Michael (2005): Multi-instrumental auroral case studies at substorm conditions 41. Karinen, Arto (2005): Studies on global geomagnetic activity and magnetic storms 42. Manninen, Jyrki (2005): Some aspects of ELF-VLF emissions in geophysical research 43. Moisio, Kari (2005): Numerical lithospheric modelling: rheology, stress and deformation in the central Fennoscandian Shield 44. Nikkinen, Juha (2005): Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method applied in electron spectroscopy 45. Lohilahti, Jarmo (2006): Rotation-vibration spectroscopic studies of formaldehyde and formic acid molecules 46. Telkki, Ville-Veikko (2006): Xenon porometry, a Novel Method for Characterization of Porous Materials by means of 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy of Xenon Gas Dissolved in a Medium

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LIST OF RESEARCHER TRAINEES, THEIR INSTRUCTORS, AND TOPICS OF RESEARCH

SA = Academy of Finland GS = Graduate School

Astronomy

Ibragimov Askar Abdullovich Instructor(s) J. Poutanen, Valeri Suleimanov Collaborating institutes Kazan Univ., Tuebingen Univ. Topic of research Accreting compact objects Funding Research school Planned to be completed 2008 Stage published 3 papers, 2 in progress

Järvinen Arto Samuli Instructor(s) M. Andersen, I. Tuominen Collaborating institutes ESO, AIP Potsdam Topic of research The temporal and spectral evolution of the Gamma-ray burst emission. Funding no funding Planned to be completed 2008 Stage 5 %

Järvinen Silva Pirita Instructor(s) S. Berdyugina, H. Korhonen Collaborating institutes ESO, AIP Potsdam Topic of research Activity cycles on young solar analogues Funding Potsdam AIP Planned to be completed 2008 Stage published 3 papers, 2 in progress

Kainu Toni Instructor(s) J. Raitala, M. Aittola Topic of research tectonics of Mars Funding no funding Planned to be completed Ph.Lic. 2008 Stage just began

Karjalainen Raine Markus Instructor(s) H. Salo Topic of research Dynamical and photometric models for Satur's rings Funding private foundations, SA project Planned to be completed 2006-07 Stage 3 papers ready, last paper in preparation

Korteniemi Jarmo Kullervo Instructor(s) J. Raitala, M. Aittola Topic of research Martian craters Funding personal funding Planned to be completed 2008 Stage 2 papers

Kostama Veli-Petri Kullervo Instructor(s) J. Raitala Topic of research Venusian geology Funding personal research award Planned to be completed 2006 Stage in the middle of the review process

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Lahtela Hanna Mari Instructor(s) J. Raitala, P. Kostama Topic of research Martian channel systems Funding personal funding Planned to be completed 2008-09 Stage 1 paper ready, 2 in progress

Ojala Kai Markus Instructor(s) J. Raitala

Speltincx Tom Instructor(s) E. Laurikainen, H. Salo Topic of research Study of lenticular (SO) galaxies Funding CIMO, private foundations, SA project Planned to be completed 2008-09 Stage 1 out of 5 planned papers in press, second in preparation

Törmänen Terhi Tellervo Instructor(s) J. Raitala Topic of research Venusian geology Funding personal funding Planned to be completed 2006-07 Stage the monograph thesis under writing

You Jianpeng Instructor(s) J Poutanen, H Salo Topic of research Analysis of variable star lightcurves Funding no funding Planned to be completed 2007 Stage preparation of the last paper in progress

Biophysics

Heimonen Kyösti Instructor(s) M. Weckström Topic of research Vision in near darkness Funding university post Planned to be completed 2007 Stage writing

Hiltunen Esa Veikko Instructor(s) H. Anttonen Collaborating institutes Reg. Institute of Work Hygiene Topic of research Biophysics of thermal insulation clothing Funding foundations Planned to be completed Ph.Lic. 2007 Stage writing

Kauranen Mika Olavi Instructor(s) M. Weckström Topic of research Biophysics of membrane filters Funding university post Planned to be completed 2007 Stage writing

Koivumäki Jussi Tapani Instructor(s) M. Weckström, P. Tavi Collaborating institutes Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Oulu Topic of research Modeling of signal pathways and energetics of heart cells 52

Funding GS Planned to be completed 2008 Stage second paper in progress, 40-50 %

Korhonen, Topi Instructor(s) P. Tavi, M. Weckström Collaborating institutes Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Oulu Topic of research Electrophysiology and modeling of heart development Funding university post, Biocenter Oulu Stage second paper in progress

Lipponen Juha Instructor(s) M. Vähäsöyrinki Topic of research Biophysics of multisensory integration Funding SA project Stage at the beginning

Mattila Sini Maria Instructor(s) A. Koivula, T. Mäkelä Collaborating institutes Dept. of Radiology, Oulu Univ. Hospital Topic of research Applications of different radiotherapy techniques in gel dosimetry Funding Oulu Univ. Hospital Planned to be completed 2012 Stage Ph.Lic. 2010

Salmela Iikka Instructor(s) M. Weckström Topic of research Modelling of graded and spike signalling Funding Finnish GS in neuroscience Planned to be completed 2008 Stage third paper in progress

Geophysics

Grinsted Aslak Instructor(s) J. Moore, S.-E. Hjelt Collaborating institutes UL, Arctic Centre Topic of research glasiology Funding elsewhere, project money Planned to be completed 2006 Stage ready

Lahti Ilkka Mikael Instructor(s) P. Kaikkonen, T. Korja Collaborating institutes GSF, Rovaniemi Topic of research magnetotellurics Funding GSF, Rovaniemi Planned to be completed 2008 Stage more than half ready

Nuutinen Keijo Juhani Instructor(s) J-P. Lunkka, P. Kaikkonen Collaborating institutes UO, Dept. of Geosciences Topic of research GPR and groundwater Funding open Planned to be completed 2009 Stage at the beginning

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Silvennoinen Hanna Kristiina Instructor(s) E. Kozlovskaya, P. Kaikkonen Collaborating institutes UO, SGO Topic of research seismics (FIRE 4) Funding open Planned to be completed 2009 Stage 1/4 ready

Sinisalo Anna Katariina Instructor(s) J. Moore, S.-E. Hjelt Collaborating institutes UL, Arctic Centre Topic of research glasiology Funding elsewhere, project money Planned to be completed 2007 Stage nearly ready

Vaittinen Katri Maria Instructor(s) P. Kaikkonen, T. Korja Topic of research magnetotellurics (MT-FIRE) Funding university post at UO Planned to be completed 2009 Stage writing down all four papers

Physics

Ahola Susanna Katariina Instructor(s) J. Jokisaari Collaborating institutes RWTH Aachen Topic of research NMR imaging of fluid flow Funding GS of LASKEMO Planned to be completed 2007 Stage 2 papers ready

Ahonen Anne-Maaria Instructor(s) S. Alanko Topic of research Infrared spectroscopy on linear and symmetric top molecules Funding occasional employment by the university Planned to be completed 2008 Stage slow progress

Alanko Katja Maria Instructor(s) I. Usoskin, K. Mursula Collaborating institutes Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg Topic of research Cosmic rays Funding GS, foundations Planned to be completed 2007 Stage proceeds well, soon finished

Caló Antonio Instructor(s) H. Aksela, S. Aksela Topic of research Electron spectroscopy of atoms and molecules Funding GS of materials physics, teaching assistant, project of SA Planned to be completed 2006 Stage writing of the introduction in progress

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Hanni Matti Justus Instructor(s) J Vaara, P. Lantto Collaborating institutes Lab. of Phys. Chem., Univ. of Helsinki Topic of research Computation of NMR parameters of xenon clusters Funding M. Ernhrooth foundation Planned to be completed 2008 Stage 1 paper ready, 1 in progress

Hiltula Teemu Juhani Instructor(s) K. Mursula Topic of research Solar wind and HMF Funding GS Planned to be completed 2006-07 Stage proceeds well, soon finished

Hiltunen (Borenius) Marianne Instructor(s) S. Alanko, J. Aikio Collaborating institutes VTT Elektronics Topic of research Guided wave optics in optical communication applications Funding employed elsewhere Stage on-going

Holma Hannu Instructor(s) K. Kaila, T. Nygrén Topic of research Interpretation of auroral spectra Funding working elsewhere Stage thesis in final stage

Jänkälä Kari Martti Instructor(s) H. Aksela, S. Heinäsmäki Topic of research Auger electron spectra of laser excited atoms Funding GS of materials physics, project of SA Planned to be completed 2009 Stage 2 papers ready

Kantola Anu Maria Instructor(s) J. Jokisaari Collaborating institutes Univ. Helsinki, Southampton, Osaka, Buffalo Topic of research Properties of molecules and liquid crystals Funding university post Planned to be completed 2006-07 Stage papers nearly ready

Kero Antti Ensio Instructor(s) E. Turunen, T. Bösinger, T. Nygrén Collaborating institutes Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory Topic of research ionospheric heating Funding university post Planned to be completed 2008 Stage half ready

Kyllönen Kati Maarit Instructor(s) S. Alanko, V-M. Horneman Topic of research infrared spectroscopy on asymmetric top molecules Funding university post Planned to be completed 2007 Stage writing the Ph.Lic. thesis

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Lehtomaa Jarmo Olavi Instructor(s) S. Alanko, V-M. Horneman Collaborating institutes Specim Topic of research Intensities in FTIR-spectroscopy Funding employed elsewhere and SA Planned to be completed 2008 Stage on-going

Loos Enrico Instructor(s) S. Aksela, H. Aksela Topic of research Time-of-flight electron spectrometer Funding project of SA, GS of materials physics Planned to be completed 2008

Martini Daniel Instructor(s) K. Mursula, J. Kangas Collaborating institutes GGRI, Sopron, Hungary Topic of research Geomagnetic activity Funding CIMO, EU, SA, foundations Planned to be completed 2006 Stage practically ready

Mattila Antti-Jussi Instructor(s) S. Alanko, J. Aikio Collaborating institutes VTT Elektctronics Topic of research Modelling Optical near-field structures Funding NANOS-project, SA Planned to be completed 2007 Stage on-going

Määttä Merja Tuulikki Instructor(s) H. Aksela, S. Aksela Topic of research Photoionization of alkali atoms Funding project of SA, GS, foundations Planned to be completed 2008 Stage 3 papers ready

Olkkonen Juuso Tuomas Instructor(s) S. Alanko, D. Howe Collaborating institutes VTT Elektronics Topic of research Surface plasmon enhanced near-field transducers Funding employed elsewhere and SA Planned to be completed 2007 Stage almost ready

Osmekhin Sergey Instructor(s) H. Aksela, S. Aksela Topic of research Electron and ion yield spectroscopy of atoms Funding teaching assistant, GS of materials physics, SA Planned to be completed 2007 Stage working with the last paper

Partanen Leena Hannele Instructor(s) H. Aksela, S. Aksela Topic of research Cascade Auger processes Funding GS, foundations Planned to be completed 2007 Stage preparation of the last paper in progress

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Pennanen Teemu Sakari Instructor(s) J. Vaara, P. Lantto Collaborating institutes Lab. of Phys. Chem., Univ. of Helsinki Topic of research Computation of NMR parameters of water Funding SA / Juha Vaara Planned to be completed 2008 Stage 1 paper ready, 1 in progress

Pietilä Jari Tapio Instructor(s) S. Alanko Topic of research Infrared spectroscopy on symmetric top molecules Funding employed elsewhere Planned to be completed 2007 Stage almost ready

Pitkänen Timo Markus Instructor(s) A. Aikio, T. Nygrén Topic of research polar ionosphere Funding teaching assistant Stage 1 paper published

Pulkkinen Anja Inkeri Instructor(s) J. Jokisaari Topic of research NMR properties of molecules Funding university post Stage working with the last paper

Ruohonen Jyrki Mikael Instructor(s) J. Jokisaari Planned to be completed Ph.Lic. 2007

Räihä Tomi Samuli Instructor(s) J. Peltoniemi, K. Mursula Collaborating institutes Univ. of Karlsruhe Topic of research High energy cosmic rays Funding Wihuri foundation Planned to be completed 2008

Sankari (Penttilä) Anna Katriina Instructor(s) H. Aksela, S. Heinäsmäki Topic of research Electron spectroscopy of atoms Funding GS of materials physics, SA, foundations Planned to be completed 2007 Stage 2 papers ready, 2 in progress

Saunavaara Jani Petteri Instructor(s) J. Jokisaari Collaborating institutes University of Pisa Topic of research Optical pumping of 129Xe and 129Xe NMR of liquid-crystalline samples Planned to be completed 2007 Stage 3 papers ready

Tallavaara Pekka Matias Instructor(s) J. Jokisaari Topic of research NMR of xenon and small molecules in liquid crystals confined to mesoporous materials Funding Väisälä foundation Planned to be completed 2007 Stage 3 papers ready, 2 in preparation

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Urpelainen Samuli Tapio Instructor(s) S. Aksela, H. Aksela Topic of research Electron energy loss spectroscopy Funding SA Planned to be completed 2009 Stage preparation of 2 papers in progress

Virtanen Ilkka Ilmari Instructor(s) M. Lehtinen, T. Nygrén Collaborating institutes Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory Topic of research modulation methods of IS radars Funding other financing Stage thesis in preliminary stage

Voiculescu Mirela Instructor(s) T. Nygrén, A. Aikio Topic of research high-latitude ionosphere Funding personal grant Planned to be completed 2006 Stage Ph.D. 2006

Theoretical physics

Hissa Timo Johannes Instructor(s) A. Kallio Topic of research High temperature superconductivity Funding no funding

Hyart Timo Tapio Instructor(s) K. Alekseev, E. Thuneberg Topic of research semiconductor superlattices Funding scolarship Planned to be completed 2009 Stage at the beginning

Isohätälä Jukka Johannes Instructor(s) K. Alekseev, E. Thuneberg Topic of research semiconductor superlattices Funding university post Planned to be completed 2009 Stage at the beginning

Kuokkanen Janne Sakari Instructor(s) K. Rummukainen Topic of research Strong interactions in high-energy particle physics Funding SA project Planned to be completed 2007 Stage half ready

Leppäkangas Juha Tapio Instructor(s) E. Thuneberg, P. Pietiläinen Topic of research Mesoscopic Josephson junction circuits Funding scolarship Planned to be completed 2007 Stage half ready

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Manninen Jaakko Aslak Instructor(s) Fr. Becattini, A. Keränen Collaborating institutes University of Firenze Topic of research Freeze out in relativistic nuclear collisions Funding GS in particle and nuclear physics Planned to be completed 2006 Stage ready

Mutka Petri Tapani Instructor(s) P. Mähönen Collaborating institutes University of Aachen Topic of research Gravitational lenses Funding university post Planned to be completed 2007 Stage nearly ready

Sarkamo Juho Jaakko Instructor(s) J. Peltoniemi Collaborating institutes cupp Topic of research underground physics Funding cupp Planned to be completed 2007-08 Stage in the middle

Tuorila Jani Allan Instructor(s) E. Thuneberg, M. Saarela Topic of research Mesoscopic Josephson junction circuits Funding scolarship Planned to be completed 2008 Stage 1/4

Virtanen Timo Henrik Instructor(s) E. Thuneberg, M. Saarela Topic of research Fermi liquid theory for 3He-4He mixtures Funding GS of materials physics Planned to be completed 2008 Stage 1/3

Zaratiegui Garcia Jaime Instructor(s) P. Pietiläinen Topic of research Few electron systems in double quantum dots Funding GS of materials physics Planned to be completed 2007 Stage 3/4

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III Preconditions for research

8. Department’s activity in graduate schools (national and within the University of Oulu). Coordinating responsibilities, other activity

Research groups at the Department participate in following national graduate schools:

Graduate school in astronomy and space physics, 4 positions, Director, Prof. T. Nygrén, Univ. of Oulu During 2000-2005 13 students were employed

Graduate school of materials physics, 5 positions During 2000-2005 14 students were employed

Graduate school of computational chemistry and molecular spectroscopy, 1 positions During 2000-2005 4 students were employed Graduate school in particle and nuclear physics, 1 position During 2000-2005 2 students were employed

Graduate School of Finnish Graduate School of Neuroscience, FGSN, 1 position During 2000-2005 2 students were employed

Graduate School of Functional Studies in Medicine, FUTU, 1 position During 2000 – 2005 2 students were employed

Graduate school of Biocenter, 1 position During 2004 -2005 1 students were employed

All students of the groups who are members of the graduate schools, participate in summer/winter schools organized by the graduate schools.

Graduate school of materials physics has arranged the following summer schools:

2002: Summer school of users of synchrotron radiation, Oulujärvi

2004: Synchrotron radiation summer school, Kääriku, Estonia.

2006: Future trends in synchrotron radiation based research in materials physics and chemistry, Käringsundbyn summer school.

The Finnish graduate school on Astronomy and Space Physics (director prof. T. Nygrén) has arranged the following summer schools:

2000: Modern data analysis in astronomy and space physics

2001: Instrumentation on space physics and astronomy

2002: Planetary research

2003: ESO and EISCAT – utilization of two important European research facilities

2004: Cosmology and Planck

2005: Solar and cosmic plasmas

2006: Inversion theory and applications to space sciences

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Nordic network in High energy astrophysics has organized a summer school in High energy astrophysics, Stockholm, June 2003

The graduate school of computational chemistry and molecular spectroscopy is an active partner in organizing annual Helsinki winter schools and Jyväskylä summer schools.

Department is active in researcher training not only at national level but also at international level. Several students participate in international projects and work also abroad during their studies. In addition, several foreign students complete their Ph.D. studies at our Department.

Postgraduate Daniel Martini was on Marie Curie funding from March 2004 to February 2005.

9. Assess factors that either expedite or delay dissertation work (e.g. instruction). To what extent has your department evaluated such factors and taken actions on the basis thereof?

Doctoral studies in physical sciences are demanding, especially so when normally several refereed publications at good or excellent international level are required to complete the thesis. The PhD-students are members of research groups and their dissertation works are intimately connected with research in the groups. Most graduate students start working in research already during their undergraduate studies. This is seen to motivate them and to speed up the completion of their Doctoral studies. In addition to supervision by a senior group member (normally professor or docent), support is also given by contacts with other group members, mostly on day-to-day basis. The motivation of the students (and instructors) is greatly increased by the fact that they participate in leading-edge international scientific research. Research groups organize weekly research seminars and journal clubs, where members of the group introduce their works and the PhD-students are required to present their own progress.

Graduate students start to participate in preparing and writing articles early during their studies. This is seen to help them to complete a high quality Ph. D. thesis in a short time. Several groups also offer them possibilities to stay abroad in the groups of their collaborators during the graduate studies, to get familiar with the international community of the field. Most groups participate in the national graduate schools among other active groups in Finland. This guarantees that the education and the quality of degrees is at top level in Finland.

Factors that either expedite or delay dissertation work are evaluated through questionnaires and interviews of all doctoral students. Most students are satisfied with their working conditions. Commonly mentioned factors that expedite dissertation work are support of the research group, excellent supervision, and financial aid as scholarships from foundations or by graduate schools where the research group is a member.

The most important factor which delays progress of PhD theses, in addition to the scientific problems themselves, is the heavy teaching load of those doctoral students who have a teaching post. This problem will be alleviated next year, when all doctoral students are required to participate in teaching. In addition to the teaching, there are some rarely mentioned factors that delay dissertation work, especially when the student is working outside the groups in the Department. In those cases supervision that is more tightly bound to the Department could be one solution. These problems are currently under consideration.

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10. Significance of supplementary funding to research: the most important sources of funding and their strategic significance.

Annual supplementary funding to research has been of the order of 34 % of the budget funding. This funding has been of great importance to research. Big part of the budget funding has to be used to the teaching of students from technical faculty. Supplementary funding allows to concentrate more to research, as researchers and graduate students are paid by this funding. Partal updating of the infrastructure has been also possible with the supplementary funding.

The most important sources of supplementary funding are the Academy of Finland and native foundations.

Grants of Academy Researchers:

Docent Heikki Salo 1.8.1997-31.7.2002.

Dr. Kirill Alekseev 1.1.2003 – 31.12.2007.

Dr. Svetlana Berdyugina 1.8.2001 – 31.7.2006.

Docent E. Kukk 1.8.2001 – 30.9.2004 (October 1, 2004 E. Kukk was nominated to a professorship at University of Turku).

Dr. Mikko Vähäsöyrinki 1.8.2006 - 31.7.2011.

Grants of Senior Scientists (varttunut tutkija) of Academy of Finland:

2001 – 2002: Professor Jukka Jokisaari 2002 – 2003: Professor Seppo Aksela 2004 – 2005: Docent Heikki Salo 2005 – 2006: Professor Juri Poutanen 2006 – 2007: Docent Jouko Raitala 2006 – 2007: Professor Erkki Thuneberg

Professor Juri Poutanen: NORDITA Corresponding Fellow, 2003-2005

11. Actions that have been taken to improve research activity and quality control – what has been done and what is planned

A follow up system has been developed and applied at the department to improve the quality of publications and to increase the number of Ph.D. degrees completed.

Researchers at the Department are happy to see that research activity is finally appreciated at University level. At Faculty level, department members have spoken for the needs to include the number of international publications in the criteria when distributing the budget funding between the departments.

The researchers at high international level have been nominated to Department positions. Out of the 10 professor positions 7 have been filled during the period of 2000 -present.

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IV General

12. Other possible factors, especially accomplishments that are connected to research at the department. E.g. well-founded estimate of financial or other societal impact or especially significant scientific accomplishment (give reasons for why the accomplishment is significant).

Prof. H. Aksela was nominated to an academy professorship for five years period of 1.8.2001 - 31.7.2006.

2004, prize of Pentti Kaitera Foundation was awarded to prof. H. Aksela on the basis of internationally outstanding achievements as researcher, teacher and trainer of young researchers on the field of electron spectroscopy.

EURYI (European Young Investigator Awards) was awarded to Dr. Svetlana Berdyugina, 2004.

Prize of Väisälä Foundation was awarded to prof. Erkki Thuneberg, 2001.

Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship was awarded to Kirill Alekseev, 2003.

The silver Palmen medallion of the Geophysical Society of Finland was awarded to Professor emeritus S.-E. Hjelt on May 19, 2005.

Dynamics group was nominated as one of the 4 "Internal high quality research units at the University of Oulu" in 2001 (grant for years 2001-2003).

The investigation of the properties of mesoporous materials carried out in the NMR Research Group during 2002-5 led to a novel characterization method called Xenon Porometry for which a PCT application has been submitted.

The research groups of the Astronomy division got very positive statements in the "Evaluation of Finnish Astronomy", conducted by an international evaluation panel in year 2000, on the request of the Academy of Finland.

13. Brief description of how this evaluation was conducted at the department (e.g. who participated; head of department/senior researcher/researcher trainee)

This evaluation was conducted at the department in a team consisting of Professors Helena Aksela, Jukka Jokisaari, Pertti Kaikkonen, Juri Poutanen, Erkki Thuneberg, Matti Weckström andKari Rummukainen, Docent Heikki Salo, Postgraduate Timo Pitkänen, Co-ordinator Hanna Pulkkinen and Secretaries Leena Kalliopuska, Anja Pulkkinen and Anja Miettunen. Before submission the report was distributed to all Department members for comments.