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Map Info Pages, Printer Friendly A/4 (1 MB PDF) MARS A MARS TÉRKÉPE KARTA MARSA MAPA MARSU MAPA MARSA MAP OF MARS 2nd (online) Central European Edition Budapest—Krakow—Moscow— MAP OF MARS Prague——Warsaw, 2001–2003. Lambert Transversal Equivalent Azimuthal Projection 1:25 000 000 Shade relief base map: Cartographers: L. S. Oreshina, L. Yu. Baeva. Editors: B. V. Krasnopevtseva, K. B. Shingareva, Moscow State University for Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK). This map was made in the frame of the cooperation between the Cosmic Material Space Research Group of Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest (Henrik Hargitai, editor, map layout), and the Moscow State University for Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK - K. B. Shingareva, original Multilingual Map of Mars concept); Observatory and Planetarium Prague (Antonín Rükl, Czech translation), Zagreb Astronomical Observatory (Dragan Roša, Croatian translation), Jagiellonian University Observatory, Krakow (Tomasz Kundera, Polish translation); the Department of Geology of Zagreb University (Tihomir Marjanac), and the Tectonics and Geological Cartography Section, Faculty of Geology, Warsaw University (Wojciech Ozimkowski); under support of ICA Commission on Planetary Cartography. Shade Relief Map © L.S. Oreshina, L.Yu. Baeva, B.V. Krasno- pevtseva, K.B. Shingareva Czech translation © Antonín Rükl, 2001. Croatian translation © Dragan Roša, 2001. Polish translation © Tomasz Kundera, 2001. Published by the Cosmic Material Space Research Group of EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. © Henrik Hargitai, 2001. PLANETOLOGY GROUP ISBN 963 463 532 6 CM Printed in Hungary. COSMIC MATERIALS Online version. SPACE RESEARCH GROUP, BUDAPEST HTTP://PLANETOLOGIA.ELTE.HU THIS MAP IS A PART OF THE MULTILINGUAL PLANETARY MAPS SERIES SUPPORTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION A VÖRÖS BOLYGÓ Távolság a Földtől: Lemélyebb pontok: Hellas-medence (-8.2), Maximum: 401,355 millió km = 2,68 CSE Valles Marineris (-7) ÁLTALÁNOS LEÍRÁS: Minimum: 54,51 millió km = 0,36 CSE Természetföldrajzi jellemzők északról dél felé: Következő konjunkció (Földtől legtávolabb): LEGNAGYOBB, LEGHOSSZABB… Északi-sarki sapka: CO2-jég, vízjég és por 2002. aug. 10., 2004. szept. 15, 2006. okt. 24., (Zárójelben: átmérő/hosszúság km-ben. egymásra települt rétegei. 500 km átmérőjű. 2008. dec. 6. Forrás: IAU) A CO2 -dér tavasszal visszaszublimál a Következő oppozíció (Földhöz legközelebb): Leghosszabb völgyek (Vallis): Valles Marineris légkörbe, majd ősszel ismét kicsapódik a fel- 2003. aug. 28., 2005. nov. 7., 2007. dec. 24., (3769), Kasei (1780), Ares (1690), Maja (1516), színre. Homokdűnemezők közel folyamatos 2010. jan. 29. Marte (1185), Simud (1074), Tiu (970), Reull gyűrűje veszi körül. (945), Mamers (945), Ma'adim Vallis (861), Északi mélyföldek: Kiterjedt lávamező borítja, Átlagos pályamenti sebesség: Mangala (828), Dao (816), Granicus (750), Hrad rajta üledékes takaróval. Alig kráterezett síksá- 24,1 km/s [29.8,km/s] (719), Shalbatana (687), Loire (670), Liris (613), gok. Forgási idő (1 marsi nap = 1 „sol”): Mawrth (575), Al-Qahira (546), Mad (524), Tharsis és Elysium Montes: Nagy forrófolt- 24 h 37m 22,66 s [23 h 56 m] Nanedi (508), Nirgal (496). (pajzs-) tűzhányók vulkáni hátságon. Olympus Keringési idő: (1 marsi év): 686,98 nap Legnagyobb kráterek: Schiaparelli (471 km), Mons: 25 km magas a környező síkság fölött; [365,2422] Huygens (470), Cassini (412), Antoniadi (394). átmérő: 600 km, kalderaátmérő: 65 × 80 km. Forgási sebesség (egyenlítőn): 866,9 km/h Legnagyobb hegyek (Montes): Tharsis (1840), Valles Marineris: Tektonikus eredetű, 4000 km [1669,8 km/h] Nereidum (1677), Phlegra (1310), Libya (1170 hosszú kanyonrendszer, kiömlési csatornákkal. km), Hellespontus (729), Tartarus (830), Déli felföldek: Erősen kráterezett, ősi terület, két A fény menetideje: Legnagyobb vulkánok (Mons, Tholus): régi becsapódásos medencével: Hellas (2000 km Föld–Mars: 3 m 2 s - 22 m 19 s Olympus Mons (648), Arsia Mons (475), átm.), Argyre (1100 km átm). Hálózatos völgyek. Nap–Mars: 11 m 29 s - 13 m51 s Ascraeus Mons (460), Elysium Mons (410), Déli-sarki sapka: Vízjég, CO2-jég és por. Itt az [8 m 11 s - 8 m 27 s] Pavonis Mons (375), Hecates Tholus (183), (afélium) tél hidegebb és hosszabb, a (perihéli- Albor Tholus (170) um) nyár melegebb és rövidebb, mint északon. Holdak: Leghosszabb árkok (Fossae): Alba (2077), Több por, mint az északi sapkában. A CO2 Phobos (27 km átm.), Deimos (12 km átm.) Claritas (2050), Icaria (2280), Sirenum (2735) nyáron sem tűnik el teljesen, de a télen még 1800 km átm. jeges terület nyárra lecsökken egy A BOLYGÓTEST ADATAI SZERKEZETEK ELNEVEZÉSE: állandó, 150 km-es magra. A sarki területeken Sugár (egyenlítői): 3396 km [6378] Albedo feature: fényvisszaverő-képesség dűnemezők találhatók, melyeken évszakonként Sugár (poláris): 3379 km [6356] alapján elülönülő terület sötét kerek foltok tűnnek fel. Lapultság: 0,00519 [0,00335] Catena, catenae: kráterlánc Egyenlítő hossza: 21326 km Cavus, cavi: katlan, általában csoportosan elő- KIS SZERKEZETEK: forduló, szabálytalan alakú, meredek falú Kráterek: Az 5 km-nél nagyobb krátereknek Tömeg: 6,418 x 1023 kg [5,976 x 1024 kg] mélyedések lebernyeges, fluidizált törmeléktakarója van: Sűrűség: 3,94 g / cm3 [5,51 g / cm3] Chaos: szabálytalan domborzatú, erősen lepusz- hirtelen megolvadt talajjég regolittal (talaj) és Térfogat: 16,43 x 1010 km3 [10,87 x1011 km3] tult terület, káosz kőzettel keverve. Nehézségi gyorsulás: Chasma, chasmata: hosszan kiterjedő, meredek „Tavak” (párhuzamos üledékréteg kibukkaná- 3,72 m/s2 = 0,38g [g=9,78 m/s2] falú, mély völgy, kanyon sok): Kráterek belsejében, a kráterek közti Szökési sebesség: Colles: kis domb, huppanó területen, káoszterületeken, a chasmák belse- 5,02 km/s = 18072 km/h [11,18 km/s] Crater: kráter, kerek mélyedés jében. Helyszínek: Arabia Terra, North-Hellas, Dorsum, dorsa: (hegy)gerinc Southern Elysium, Valles Marineris. Fényvisszaverő-képesség (albedo): Fossa, fossae: árok: hosszú, keskeny, sekély 0,16 [0,37] mélyedés GEOLÓGIAI TÖRTÉNET: Fényesség oppozíciókor: Labes, labes: hegycsuszamlás 2,7 milliárd éve - ma: Amazoniszi (A szél max -2,9 mag, min. -1,0 mag. Labyrinthus, labyrinthi: egymást keresztező, kora): az Olympus Mons fiatalabb lávafolyásai Látszólagos átmérő a Földről: keskeny mélyedések, völgyek rendszere (100-1000 millió éve), Elysium Mons, sarki sap- max. 25,16", min. 3,5". Mensa, mensae: táblahegy: lapos, sík tetejű és kák. Eolikus folyamatok: szélerózió, dűnék, meredek, éles peremmel körülhatárolt porviharok. Éghajlat: hideg, száraz, ciklikus vál- Felszíni hőmérséklet (kb.): átlag: -55 C° kiemelkedés tozásokkal. (Minimum: -170 C°, maximum: 20 C°) Mons, montes: hegy, vulkán Napsugárzás (napállandó): Patera, paterae: sekély kráter: szabálytalan 2,7-3,5 milliárd éve: Heszperiai (A jég kora): 595 W/m2 [1380] vagy összetett szerkezetű, hullámos falú-peremű, Valles Marineris (lehetséges rift) és kiömlési völ- A Nap látszólagos átmérője: 0,35 ° [0.53] sekély kráter, vulkán gyei, káoszterületek, Elysium Mons, Tharsis-hát- A Nap fényessége: -25,8 mag [-26,7] Planitia, planitiae: alföld, medence ság, Noctis Labyrinthus. Éghajlat: hideg, száraz, Légnyomás: 699-912 Pa = 7 millibar (1 mb az Planum, plana: felföld, fennsík ciklikus változásokkal. Olympus Monsnál, 9 mb a Hellas-medencében) Rupes: szakadék [101325 Pa] Scopulus: partfal: kanyargós peremű, meredek 3,5-4,6 milliárd éve: Noachiai (A víz kora): Szélsebesség: 2-30+ m/s falú leszakadás Ennyi idősek a déli felföldek, az Argyrét és a Légkör összetétele: 95% CO2, 2.6% N2, 1.6% Sulcus, sulci: barázda: párhuzamos barázdák, Hellas-medencét létrehozó becsapódások. Égha- Ar, 0.13 O2, 0.07 CO, 0.03 H2O kiemelkedések (gerincek) és mélyedések jlat: meleg, a mainál sűrűbb légkör, folyékony Terra, terrae: kiterjedt föld, szárazföld víz. Hálózatos völgyek. Ocean Borealis (?) FÖLDRAJZI (AREOGRÁFIAI) ADATOK: Tholus, tholi: kúp; különálló domb, kisebb hegy Krátertavak. Teljes terület: 144 200 000 km2 Undae: dűnék Referenciaszint: Háromtengelyű ellipszoid. Vallis, valles: völgy JELENLEGI FOLYAMATOK: Időjárás: por- 0 m magasság: A MOLA (Mars Orbiter Laser Vastitas, vastitates: kiterjedt síkság tornádók, globális porviharok (perihélium ide- Altimeter 1998-99) térképeken: a 3396 km sug- jén), szélkarcok, dűnemozgás, dérrétegek, hegyc- arú areoid jelöli ki. Ez kb. 1,6 km-rel magasabb, A Mars különféle nyelveken: arab: Merrikh, suszamlások, kis folyók (erek), a CO2, H2O és mint más térképeken (USGS, etc), ahol a 0 m görög: Ares, héber: Ma'adim, japán: Kasei. por évszakos körforgása. szint a 6,1 mbar légnyomás (a víz hármaspontja) szintjében van. A Mars többnyelvű térképe az Eötvös Loránd MÁGNESES MEZŐ: Kisebb körzetekben elő- 0 délkör (hosszúság): Airy-0 kráter. Tudományegyetem Természettudományi Kara forduló „maradvány”-mezők. Északi jégsapka térfogata: 1,2-1,7 km3 Kozmikus Anyagokat Vizsgáló Űrkutató Csoport Déli jégsapka térfogata: 2-3 km3 Planetológiai Köre és a Moszkvai Állami PÁLYAELEMEK Geodéziai és Térképészeti Egyetem (MIIGAiK) [A Föld adatai zárójelben] LEGMÉLYEBB, LEGALACSONYABB… közötti együttműködés keretében készült. Forgástengely hajlásszöge: 25,19° [23.45] (Zárójelben: magasság km-ben. Forrás: IAU) Eredeti ötlet: K. B. Singareva. Pálya hajlása az ekliptikához: 1,850° [0.00] Domborzati különbség (relief): 29,5 km Pálya excentricitása: 0,0934 [0,0167] Legmagasabb pontok: Nyugati félteke: Olym- Látogassa meg honlapunkat az interneten: Naptávolság: átlagos: 227,94 millió km= pus Mons (21.3), Pavonis Mons (4), Arsia Mons http://planetologia.elte.hu. Címünk: ELTE TTK 1,523 CSE [149,597 millió km=1,00 CSE] (9),
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