PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) , 8 November 2019

Rememoration The Past : Babad Cendek as Social Concensus of Colonial Plantation Workers in West Bali

I Wayan Putra Yasa, Ni Desak Made Oka Purnawati, I Putu Hendra Mas Martayana Fakultas Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Abstract This article aim to study babad cendek a the site of memories at once social experiences by colonial plantation workers in West Bali since in the early 20th century. In contemporary life, it use as role model and make more social intimacy between West Bali’s society that multiethnic and multireligion. It existention is the culmination site of West Bali’s society, makes same group feeling and goal in the future. So, it can be seen as social reality that on going of social integration as social phenomena. Of coursse, it isn’t taken for granteed, but the thelos who have to be achieved through an effort and struggle.

Keywords : Rememoration, babad Cendek, concensus, colonial.

Introduction and religious pluralism, although in the This paper is summarized from past, precisely in the 1965 tragedy was the results of our fieldwork in 2005, involved in conflict and violence. While 2011 and 2013. The research was the 2013, research took the form of a conducted in Sumberklampok Village, master's thesis that examined the Gerokgak District, Buleleng regency. identity struggle of the former East The main purposse of the research in Timor Balinese transmigrant who was 2005 was to map land conflicts in these temporarily placed in this area. villages occupied by the Javanese, The selection of research sites in Bugisnes and Maduranes diasphora Sumberklampok village has some who were former by Dutch Colonial reasons. Compared to other villages in plantation workers who had been the West Bali region, Sumberklampok opened since 1918. The research in village is the most problematic, both 2011 in the same location was a historically, socio-culturally, politically, bachelor thesis that examined ethnic lawfully and environmentally. The last

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 264 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 two reasons are the latest issues in the solution of the colonial state which region. Administratively, this village faced an Balinization effort, on the one belongs to Gerokgak district, Buleleng hand accommodating the wishes of Regency. Since the discourse on the European company to establish Agrarian Law was initiated by the Old plantations in southern Bali. The Order of the 1960s, three ethnic problem is, Balinese culture is trying to majority have settled in this village since be incubated through the Baliseering the opening of the first colonial project based on wetland agriculture. plantation in 1918, finding a bright spot Most are located in the fertile and on the status of land ownership. sufficiently southern part of Bali. If the Sukarno's resignation in 1966 and the European company desire to establish founding of the New Order, which at plantations in Bali is approved, it will the same time was marked by the 1965 cause several things such as drought and tragedy, broke the hopes of thousands the social pathology of the plague of of people living on this village. Until plantations on Java, especially the wave now (2019), Sumberklampok village is of nationalism which is considered to be not a definitive village. Its territory in able to damage the rust en order on an the national map is part of the West Bali island that has been unanimously National Park Forest. The land controlled after Klungkung occupied by descendants of former 1908. In addition, the initial Dutch Colonial plantation workers has commitment to museum the Balinese the status “Hak Guna Usaha”. (HGU). culture will not be achieved, because the This means that at any time, if the establishment of plantations will country wishes, resettlement can be automatically open access to reforested. modernization, which is forbidden in Through comparison of three the Balinization creed that looks to the periods sources, the Dutch Colonial era, nostalgia of the past. The solution for independence era (Old and New the European company to establish Order), and reform era, there are three plantations in West Bali with the main main points that will be presented in this crop specifications in the form of cotton article. The lack data from the kingdom and copra. era, even far back makes the scope of Second, although it is an area of this paper start from the colonial era to power trajectory entrenched as stated reformation. above, West Bali is "absent" in First, West Bali is a political discussing Bali as a political and battleground that unites various power cultural unit in the perspective of the trajectories. During the Dutch Colonial tourism industry. Local historiographic period, West Bali was a political policy chunks, which rarely place the

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 265 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 important role of West Bali as the main description about their perceptions of door of outside influences infiltrate as this area, is a quiet forest area with well as penetration of Bali. If anything, middle typical Indonesian animals such it's not deep enough, rather than as Bali starling, wild boar, hedgehog , tendentious. As a result, it becomes a and deer. Activities become crowded at gray area (terra incognita) which is night, because the Singaraja-Gilimanuk difficult to define in the collective and -Gilimanuk roads are memory of Balinese. crossings for goods trucks to and from Third, the unpopularity of West Bali-Java. Bali can be seen from the lack of social In fact, there are thousands of people and political stage even in the level of who live in this place, both through the governor election in 2018. legal and illegal ways. Illegal ways can Particularly in environmental issues, be seen from criminal cases in the form political discussions on social media are of wood theft, poaching of protected more focused on the discourse “Bali animals up to the cutting of forests for Tolak Reklamasi” movement. The area dry fields. This phenomenon cannot be of re-forestation discourse covering separated from the past of West Bali as hundreds of hectares forest is devoid of the first Dutch colonial estate on the interest and appears to be less "sexy" to island of Bali. Regime change gave rise be raised as a political issue. If the to the present social reality in the form forests in the central and part of of land disputes since the 1960s, the southern Bali are considered as the issue of re-forestation in the late 1980s, hydrological center of Bali, then the mass road blockades in the 1990s to the West Bali forest area with its West Bali relocation of Balinese farmers ex East National Park (TNBB) can be Timorese transmigrants in early 2000. considered as the green belt of the island At the end of 2013, the people of of Bali. Severe biological damage in this West Bali region flared up. For three region will at least affect water and air days, from November 7-9, quality in Bali in the future. Sumberklampok villagers took to the streets demanding the transfer of rights The Silence of West Bali to a land area of around 600 hectares In the social memory of most within the West Bali National Park Balinese, West Bali region may not be enclave. The land was claimed to have as popular as other Balinese regions. been hereditary since the plantation's Short interview in the style of "coffee opening in Dutch colonial era of the shop" with several informants, although 1920s. The demonstration continued it can not be considered representative, with a road blockade connecting but at least can provide an initial Singaraja-Gilimanuk.5 As a result, the

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 266 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 flow of traffic to and from Singaraja- the majority, this is not the case with Gilimanuk was totally paralyzed. this area. Down the road from the city Land conflic in the West Bali of Singaraja to the port of Gilimanuk, and Sumberklampok villages in after entering the Gerokgak district, a particular are the most problematic. heterogeneous community atmosphere, Thousands of people whose land is houses, ritualistic ritualism and even state-owned produce conflict. This is traditional villages that represent because the entire village land is representations do not show similarities included in the area of the West Bali to other areas of Bali. National Park (TNBB). In the 1980s, Before becoming a settlement of former the area was once planned to be Dutch plantation workers, West Bali reforested. Residents are given two was an area dominated by forests and choices, transmigration to other areas or shrubs. By the 19th century, European returned to their home regions. companies who wished to open Unresolved land conflic between plantations in this area had difficulty the government and residents of finding local labor compared to descendants of former Dutch plantation plantations in Java. The solution is to workers, in 2000, this area was made a bring in labor from Madura and Java. new settlement for hundreds of heads of Workers from southern Bali are families of East Timor refugee farmers generally brought in only at harvest from Bali. They were East Timorese time, because most workers are transmigrants from Bali who fled in freelance and are not based on mid-September 1999 after the contracts. The workers from Java and announcement of the results of the Madura have the task of opening land, referendum won by the pro- including digging land and seize forests, independence side. After returning to while workers female workers are their original land, they were refused to tasked with weeding and sowing the return to their respective villages. The seeds. After harvesting, local workers offer of retransmigration to Central will return to their home areas, while Kalimantan and Riau did not get a workers from Madura and Java who get response. heavier work make settlements and settle permanently around the West Bali in the Struggle for Identity plantation area Different with the other areas of Bali, The first settlement of Madurese for West Bali is a culturally open area and coconut plantations in 1918 was carried the entrance of Bali from the west. If out in the name of A. Willem Remmert other areas of Bali show social who brought 65 people from the forest conditions that position the Balinese as dredge from Sapudi Madura island.

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 267 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 They are the first generation of slaughtered because they were accused Madurese. The Javanese people, on the of being PKI or PKI, this was not the other hand, established settlements in case with Javanese and Madurese different plantation locations but were people. They all survived because they still in one area and relatively close had chosen to join Anshor, which is one together. of the wings of Nahdlatul Ulama. Massive migration of the East Balinese () to West Bali began in 1963 after the eruption of West Bali in The Vortex of History . The area that was still The Dutch Colonial Agrarian Law of deserted by the population became an 1870, which took effect in Java, was alternative destination for migration. then also implemented in areas outside The arrival of southern Balinese people Java in 1875. The starting point of the from Klungkung, Nusa Penida, Badung Agrarian Law was the statement of and Tabanan only began in the mid public land ownership by citizens 1980s in line with the labor needs of (domein verklaring). All land is former Dutch colonial estates whose declared state property, except if other concession rights were transferred to PT parties such as the king state otherwise Dharmajati and CV. Margarana. for certain reasons and evidence. The The placement of the people of southern Dutch government can lease Bali, especially those who work as agricultural lands that are not farmers, has begun during the demanded by other parties to leadership of the Governor of Bali, plantations and European capital Anak Agung Bagus Sutedja. He owners over a long period of 75-99 borrowed the Sumberklampok years, including a statement of land plantation land area of approximately ownership by the government and a ban 50 hectares to place 89 families of on the transfer of agricultural lands by southern Balinese peasants in 1962. indigenous people to foreigners Late delivery of the Pds Circular. prevailing in Bali. Governor of Bali's Regional Head No. Dutch influence officially entered the 610 / A.3 / 2/25 dated May 25, 1966 Buleleng after the surrender in 1849. and allegations of involvement in PKI- The Jembrana area that was previously affiliated organizations, Barisan Tani conquered by Buleleng automatically (BTI), resulted in all 89 became a subordinate of the Dutch as farmers in 89 being killed. His body was well. Dutch influence became more buried in what is now a straits (Balinese widespread after being placed in grave) in Sumberklampok village. If Buleleng, an assistant resident in 1885 most Balinese peasants were and a controloeur in Jembrana in 1856.19 The first land lease in Bali was

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 268 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 carried out by I Gusti Made Pasekan20, Liefricnk reported that in Buleleng Regent Jembrana in 1860 to L.G.G.R. alone coconut yields reached up to de Mey van Streefkerk, a clerk in 10,000 tons per year, especially at the Banyuwangi with a rent payment f 1500 end of the 19th century. Liefrinck also per year and transactions written on said that the quality of Balinese coconut palm leaves. was quite good and was rarely affected Geographically, the location of by pests. Jembrana and Buleleng is very Coconut pickers are usually favorable in the Balinese economy. This taken from Javanese and Madurese area covers the west coast plain to the because the ship's relationship from the hilly terrain, extending from the middle port of Gilimanuk to Banyuwangi is of the southwest coast of Bali to the already smooth. The people of southern mountains. Resident of Bali and Bali only migrated to west Bali on a Lombok at that time, F.A Liefricnk large scale after 1935. The opening of refused the request to open a plantation the first private plantation in Bali in in southern Bali. The reason is because 1860 affected the western Bali region it will urge even to change wetland and had made it an area that formed agriculture in the form of rice into traits which gave rise to specific plantation areas such as sugar cane. If conditions both in language and in this is forced, he fears there will be a customs and culture. This is because large-scale conversion of agricultural since the end of the 19th century and the land, an invasion of labor from Java and beginning of the 20th century, many its derivative impacts. the main problem people from Java and Madura moved is the erosion of Balinese culture based and settled in Buleleng and Jembrana as on agriculture. This is inseparable from plantation laborers due to economic the spirit of "Balinization" which began and social problems.) to be realized in the second decade of Private plantations in West Bali and the XX century. The solution is to make North Bali as well as other plantations the West Bali and North Bali areas into in Indonesia are controlled by European private plantations. foreigners as well as coconut oil Plants that are suitable to be factories in Kapal, Denpasar, Temukus cultivated in this region are coconuts and Buleleng are still controlled by the which are suitable to grow everywhere Chinese. The world recession in the in Bali, especially in the coastal areas. 1930s also affected Dutch colonial At the end of the 19th century and the plantations in Bali. Plantations became beginning of the 20th century, the need withdrawn and with the arrival of for coconuts (copra) was increasing to Japanese in Bali plantations became be exported mainly to Singapore. displaced. After independence, several

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 269 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 plantation companies were bought by Madura. In 1918, he intended to open a Indonesians from China and the Bali coconut plantation forest in the forests Regional Government. There were 3 of western Bali. Therefore, he requested foreign plantations that had been the services of Samian, his personal opened in Sumberklampok village. driver to look for forest dugouts. Samian invited 65 people from his a. a. Sumberbatok Plantation hometown on the island of Sapudi to The Sumberbatok plantation which was jointly go to a bay which was then called opened on April 18, 1918 consisted of the "Bay of Accept". Only two women two accelerations. Perceel I is located in participated in the group, namely the Buleleng area leased by C.V Samian's wife and parents-in-law. Both Schermboek and accelerel II is pursued of them are in charge of cooking for the by the Royal Government of Jembrana. group of coolies from the forest. This Since 1935 Sumberbatok onderneming group of 65 people is the forerunner and has been managed by J.L Samson from first generation of Sumberklampok CV. Schermboek. This area covers 246 villagers. The Javanese worker who was hectares planted with only 95 hectares already there was only Prawiro Sentono of coconut, while the rest is in the form who was brought by Remmert's wife of fields and forests. from Tulung Agung to be a domestic servant. There are also Kusmin a. b. Teluk Terima Plantation husband and wife who work for John Teluk Terima Plantation is the Powtal's family. easternmost, opened on July 24, 1931, leased by J. Powtal.29 Since 1935, Land Conflict Since Old Order because the owner died, the supervision Since Indonesia's independence, all was given to J.L Samson. The total land former Dutch plantation land has been area covers 15 hectares consisting of recognized as belonging to the state, coconut plants covering 103 hectares including three former private and the rest is planted with secondary plantations in Sumberklampok village. crops. This area is only suitable for All of them are under the supervision of coconut plants because the soil is dry. the Regional War Authority (Paperada Udayana) who was commanded by a. c. Sumberklampok Overste on Sunday. AW Remmert's Plantation plantations are managed by a Chinese The opening of the businessman from Banyuwangi named Kwee Khee Whie, while plantations Sumberklampok plantation started with a Dutch, named A.W Remmert who owned by J. Powetal and Gerrit located married a woman from Sumenep, in Sumberbatok and Teluk Accept were

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 270 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 handed over to the Proclamation It contained a statement unwilling to be Assembly Foundation which was transmigrated and demanded that the managed by PT Margarana in 1961. land they had occupied since before Dutch plantations and their independence continue to be cultivated descendants only have the status of and if necessary be certified as private Cultivation Rights (HGU) for the land land.38 They promised to take part in occupied. They do not have the right to protecting the preservation of the West certify land and if one day the state Bali National Park together. The wants land clearing, they must be demonstration which lasted for prepared to leave the land that has been approximately one year was responded occupied for decades. to through military repression. The insistence of the Governor Commander of the 1609 Military of Bali, Ida Bagus Oka in the New District Command, Odo Hidayat Order era refused the granting of the (Lieutenant Colonel Inf / 23538) who status of ownership rights to former was entrusted with the task ordered the Dutch plantation workers in village head to urge his community to Sumberklampok village. Level I Bali disband themselves from the No.6, 1989 concerning the Bali Spatial demonstration activities and remove the General Plan (RUTR), stipulates the protesting banners because they were area being managed by the two HGU considered to have disturbed public holders above because it is located in the order. Protected Forest of the West Bali The fall of Soeharto's New Order National Park, its function will be gave a breath of fresh air. On June 22, returned as Protection Forest or Non- 1998 the Sumberklampok village Forest Cultivation. As a result, all community discussion was held activities in it are prohibited. Four years regarding the Village Spatial Planning. later, on August 10, 1993, the Governor Not yet finished formulating the results of the Level I Region of Bali sent a letter of the deliberations, in 2000, hundreds to the Regent of the Head of the Level of heads of family of ex-East Timorese II Region of Buleleng to reinforce the transmigrant Balinese farmers were planned re-forestation policy of the placed in their area. This is seen as western Bali region in 1989. The aim hurting the feelings of the former was to avoid the emergence of problems plantation workers who had already later on when the realization of the settled. The government actually regional plan was forested. back. violated its own rules by giving This plan was responded to by hundreds of hectares of land as new former plantation workers by holding a settlement for hundreds of heads of demonstration from November 7, 1991. family of ex-East Timorese

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 271 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 transmigrant Balinese farmers without This paper positions itself as an anti- first consulting with local residents. consensus, anti-establishment, and a small effort to deconstruct the Balinese narratives above. Bali is not a Conclusion monolithic unity, it is not clean from the Discussing Bali will not be able to taint of the past, its social dynamics are achieve monolithic unity even though it not uniform and show smooth and looks homogeneous in language and linear straight lines as imagined, but are religion. West Bali is an exception when unique and even multilinier. the conceptualization of Bali is The main narrative in West Bali that confronted with a politics of uniformity has been conveyed above is a based on the consistent Balinese representation of Bali's awkwardness. philosophy. The socio-political, First, the land and its human supporters historical and cultural narratives that represent a heterogeneity and occur in this region may be considered complexity of Balinese history. Not Bali as deviations from the politics of this against non-Balinese, indigenous divergence. The application of against non-indigenous, but "us" Baliseering politics from the colonial (Javanese, Balinese, Buginese and era to the post-colonial era was Madurese) against "them" state deposited into the collective memory of Second, the presence of ex-Bali-East the Balinese. As a result, anything Timorese Transmigrants, besides giving related to narrative deviation must be birth to the concept of our conflict with eliminated. them, also appeared the stigma of In the view of functionalism, the dark "original" and "non-original", "old and narrative of the past is like a virus that is new", "New Order" and "Order of constantly undermining the steady Reform". status quo of Bali. If that happens, the The first theme and the second theme structure and function in social life will see land which defines itself as a social be disrupted, then social anarchy as well as a cultural problem. Land as a cannot be avoided. Durkheim calls it social problem involves the symbolic anomie. Therefore, holders of power interaction of emotionality between trajectories offer consensus. He is human supporters who view land as a present in the form of writing about the blood spill. Land as a cultural problem past or historiography. Then taught and means spaces of expression that are disseminated through the media. One of used to redefine the original collective them is educational media. The identity. Balinese with Madurese exclusion of the West Bali narration relations with kemaduraan and into the grand narrative automatically Javanese with Javanese Javanese. creates a steady Bali status quo.

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 272 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 Deprived of its origin, its identity has Balinese consensus. also been uprooted. Therefore, land is the main capital for the redefinition of References identity in the world. The third theme does not Interview describe class disagreement as the two Misnawi (55 years old) on March 11, topics above, but rather makes this area 2011. a mass grave of victims of the PKI Gusti Degdeg (60 years old) on March accused. He is like a tool to wash the 11, 2011 hands of "sinners", shut the mouth of the truth of the past while echoing peace Mohamad Jatim (70 years old) on August 2, 2013 in the future. Although there are small ripples that indicate the slaughter of 89 families of peasants and other Balinese Colonial Archieves living in West Bali by the military Kolonial Verslag 1883, 1884, dan 1856. assisted by Islamic mass organizations such as NU and Muhamadiyah because they are accused of being members of C.J. Grader, Nota van Toelichtingen BTI, but it is still limited to assumptions Betreffende het in te Stellen Zelfbestuured that still need to be verified. Information Landschap Boeleleng, tanpa tahun. about this is vaguely obtained from ------, Nota van Toelichtingen interviews with prominent Javanese Betreffende het in te Stellen Zelfbestuur and Madurese figures in West Bali. This Landschap Djembrana, tanpa tahun. indicates that in West Bali, besides creating pseudo-inter-ethnic and Staatblad van Nederlandsche Indie tahun interreligious integration, it also 1856 dan 1875 No. 179. produced historical revenge between the slaughtered party, the Balinese and National Archieves the slaughtered, Madurese and Surat Keputusan Dirjen Agraria Javanese as one of NU's wings, namely tertanggal 11 Januari 1968 No. Sk.1/HGU/1968 (untuk perkebunan GP Anshor. Sumberbatok) dan Incorporating the three into a No.Sk.2/HGU/1968 (untuk perspective of seeing Bali, is tantamount perkebunan Teluk Terima), dikeluarkan to dismantling the steady consensus of sertifikat Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) Bali. The image of Bali as the center of No.2 Surat Ukur No.19/1968 tahun peace will decline. Therefore, denying 1968 tertanggal 30 Oktober 1968 dan the narrative of western Bali is an No.3 Surat Ukur No.20/1968 tanggal 30 Oktober 1968 atas nama N.V alternative to protecting the consistent Margarana yang mendapatkan hak

PROCEEDING ICLSSE UNDIKSHA 2019 273 PROCEEDING 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION (ICLSSE) Bali, 8 November 2019 pengelolaan selama 25 tahun mulai 11 Maret 1991 Januari 1968 sampai dengan tanggal 31 Desember 1993. “Tidak Ada Pembangunan Hotel di Wilayah Sumberklampok” dalam Bali Surat Keputusan Menteri Agraria Post, 28 Maret 1992. tertanggal 15 September 1960 No.Sk.797/Ka tentang penyerahan “Pemda Bali Tetap Bertekad tanah-tanah perkebunan Sumberbatok Mengosongkan Sumberklampok” kepada Pemerintah Deerah Bali untuk dalam Bali Post, 27 Desember 1992. digunakan sebagai objek usaha bekas pejuang. “Rawan Konflik, Tanah Terlantar di Buleleng Jadi Rebutan” dalam Bali Surat Keputusan Gubernur Kepala Post, Daerah Bali tertanggal 16 Juni 1961 Sabtu 26 Juni 2010. No.715/A.3/2/31 pengelolaan tanah- tanah perkebunan Sumberbatok dan ”Ribut-Ribut Soal Tanah di Bali ; Teluk Terima diserahkan kepada YKP Gubernur Tolak Permintaan Penduduk Daerah Bali untuk digunakan sebagai Sumberklampok” dalam Bali Post, objek usaha bekas pejuang Kamis, 15 November 1991. kemerdekaan yang berkedudukan di Denpasar dan pengelolaannya “Sumberklampok Desa Tanpa dilaksanakan oleh N.V Margarana yang Wilayah” dalam Nusa Tenggara, 3 berkedudukan di Singaraja sebagai Februari 1991, hal. 2. penampung pemuda bekas pejuang. “Penduduk Gelar Spanduk Memprotes Surat Komando Resor Militer 163 Gubernur Bali” dalam Surya, Kamis 14 Komandan KODISMIL November 1991, hal. 10. 1609 No. “Tolak Bedol Desa Mengadu ke DPR” B/109/III/1992. dalam Rabu Pon 6 Maret Surat Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat Jawa Pos, I Bali No. 475.1/11466/Binpemdes 1991. tertanggal 10 Agustus 1989 “Jangan Mau Dipaksa Transmigrasi”

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