DOCSLIB.ORG

Thailand Was a Desert' During the Midcretaceous: Equatorward Shift

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thailand Was a Desert' During the Midcretaceous: Equatorward Shift Island Arc (2010) 19, 605–621 Thematic Article ‘Thailand was a desert’ during the mid-Cretaceous: Equatorward shift of the subtropical high-pressure belt indicated by eolian deposits (Phu Thok Formation) in the Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailandiar_728 605..621 HITOSHI HASEGAWA,1,*† SUVAPAK IMSAMUT,2 PUNYA CHARUSIRI,3 RYUJI TADA,1 YU HORIUCHI5 AND KEN-ICHIRO HISADA4 1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (email: [email protected]), 2Department of Mineral Resources, Bureau of Geological Survey, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, 3Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, 4Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan, and 5Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567 Japan Abstract The Tibetan Plateau is a key factor in controlling the present-day climate and atmospheric circulation pattern in Asia. The pattern of atmospheric circulation after the uplift of the plateau is well known, whereas direct evidence is lacking regarding the nature of the circulation pattern prior to the uplift. The distribution of desert directly reflects the position of the subtropical high-pressure belt, and the prevailing surface-wind pattern recorded in desert deposits reveals the position of its divergence axis. Cretaceous eolian sandstone of the Phu Thok Formation is extensively exposed in the northern Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand. We conducted a sedimentological study on this formation to recon- struct temporal changes in the latitude of the subtropical high-pressure belt in low-latitude Asia during the Cretaceous. Spatio-temporal changes in the paleo-wind directions recorded in the Phu Thok Formation reveal that the Khorat Basin mainly belonged to the northeast trade wind belt and subtropical high-pressure belt was situated to the north of the Khorat Basin during the initial stages of deposition, shifted southward to immediately above the basin during the main phase of deposition, and then shifted northward again to the north of the basin during the final stages of deposition. The paleomagnetic polarity sequence obtained for the Phu Thok Formation comprises three zones of normal polarity and two of reversed polarity, correlating to chrons M1n to C34n of the geomagnetic polarity time scale. This result suggests that the Phu Thok Formation is mid-Cretaceous in age (from c. 126 Ma to c. 99–93 Ma), similar to the age of eolian sandstone in the Sichuan Basin, southern China (the Jiaguan Formation). These results, in combination with paleo-wind direction data, suggest the development of low-latitude desert and an equatorward shift of the subtropical high-pressure belt (relative to the present-day) in Asia during the mid- Cretaceous. Key words: Cretaceous, desert, magnetostratigraphy, paleo-wind, subtropical high- pressure belt, Thailand. INTRODUCTION *Correspondence. The present-day climate of Southeast Asia is char- †Present address: Department of Natural History Science, Graduate school acterized by seasonal change between an arid of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. winter and a humid summer, resulting from Received 14 December 2009; accepted for publication 18 May 2010. the occurrence of distinct winter and summer © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd doi:10.1111/j.1440-1738.2010.00728.x 606 H. Hasegawa et al. monsoons. Although the timing and cause of Asian (Fig. 1; Sattayarak 1983; Meesook 2000; Depart- monsoon development remain topics of debate, the ment of Mineral Resources (DMR) 2001; Charusiri uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and its orographic et al. 2006). The eolian sandstone of the Phu Thok influence is thought to be a key factor for the pres- Formation is important because it provides direct ence of monsoonal circulation in Southeast Asia evidence of desert development in low-latitude (An et al. 2001; Abe et al. 2003). In contrast, the Asia during the Cretaceous; however, no previous climate in other regions at the same latitude, study has examined the detailed sedimentology where no such high and large plateau exists, is and chronology of the formation. zonal as a result of meridional atmospheric circu- The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the lation. Thus, a subtropical arid climate generally lithofacies of the Phu Thok Formation and to prevails beneath the subtropical high-pressure identify spatio-temporal changes in paleo-wind belt at 20°–30° latitude in both hemispheres (Biga- directions recorded in the formation. Based on rella 1972; Livingstone & Warren 1996). Given that these data, we evaluate the depositional environ- the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau commenced after ment of the formation and the paleo-position of 40 Ma (Tapponnier et al. 2001), a subtropical arid the subtropical high-pressure belt in this area climate would have prevailed in Southeast Asia during the Cretaceous. We also constrain the age during the Cretaceous (Fluteau et al. 2007). of desert development in northeastern Thailand Deserts are the direct products of meridional based on a correlation of the paleomagnetic polar- atmospheric circulation. Modern deserts are gen- ity sequence in the Phu Thok Formation, as erally developed under the subtropical high- obtained by Imsamut (1996), with that in the Phu pressure belt as a result of downwelling of the Wua section from the northernmost part of the Hadley circulation. Hence, the equatorward and Khorat Basin. poleward parts of desert areas are dominated by trade winds and westerlies, respectively (Bigarella MATERIALS AND METHODS 1972; Livingstone & Warren 1996). Eolian dunes in desert areas migrate leeward of the wind, thereby GEOLOGIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC SETTING recording the direction of the prevailing surface- wind pattern (dominantly the wintertime wind Non-marine Late Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits flow) in the form of large-scale cross-sets. There- are widespread in the Khorat Basin, northeastern fore, the distribution of desert deposits and pre- Thailand (Fig. 1). The basin belongs to the vailing surface-wind patterns recorded in such Indochina block, which is thought to have moved deposits provide direct information on the paleo- and rotated during the Paleogene in response to position of the subtropical high-pressure belt and India–Eurasia collision (Chen et al. 1993; Ritcher its divergence axis. et al. 1993; Charusiri et al. 2006). The paleo- Cretaceous eolian sandstones are widely distrib- position of the Indochina block during the Creta- uted in low- to mid-latitude sedimentary basins in ceous remains a point of controversy. Chen et al. the Asian interior (Jiang & Li 1996; Jiang et al. (1993) argued that the Indochina and South China 1999, 2001; 2008; Hasegawa et al. 2009). The occur- blocks were located between 20°N and 30°N during rence of such eolian deposits in terrestrial sedi- the Cretaceous; however, a recent paleomagnetic mentary basins is thought to provide direct study (Charusiri et al. 2006) demonstrated that the evidence of desert development in areas beneath paleo-position of the Khorat Basin in the south- the subtropical high-pressure belt during the eastern Indochina block during the Cretaceous Cretaceous. was between 16.3 Ϯ 2.3°N and 21.6 Ϯ 4.0°N, with Sattayarak (1983) was the first to report Creta- 20–25° of clockwise rotation relative to the present, ceous eolian sandstone in the Khorat Basin, north- indicating that during the Cretaceous the Khorat eastern Thailand. The Khorat Basin is composed Basin was located at a much lower latitude than mainly of a Late Jurassic–Cretaceous non-marine that of the South China block (N25.5°–29.6°; Enkin sedimentary sequence (the Khorat Group) that et al. 1991). unconformably overlies deformed Paleozoic rocks Late Jurassic–Cretaceous non-marine deposits (Sattayarak 1983; Racey et al. 1996; Meesook of the Khorat Group consist of the Phu Kradung, 2000). The eolian sandstone deposit (the Phu Thok Phra Wihan, Sao Khua, Phu Phan, Khok Kruat, Formation), exposed in the northern part of the Maha Sarakham and Phu Thok Formations, in Khorat Basin, is thought to represent the youngest ascending stratigraphic order (; Sattayarak 1983; part of the sedimentary succession in the basin Racey et al. 1996; Meesook 2000; Charusiri et al. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd Thailand was a desert in the mid-Cretaceous 607 EE101°101° E102° E103° E104° E105° 050100(km) N 4 1 XX’’ 5 2 3 N18° 6 SSakhonakhon NNakhonakhon bbasinasin X 1100 7 9 8 N17° NNakhonakhon TThaihai basinbasin ((b)b) South China WSW ENE NNakhonakhon TThaihai basinbasin SSakhonakhon NNakhonakhon basinbasin MMyanmeryanmer LLaosaos KKrr ddetailetail iinn ((B)B) TThailandhailand ((c)c) CCambodiaambodia TThaihai VVietnamietnam LEGEND landland Phu Khat Fm (late Cretaceous) Phu Thok Fm (Apt.-Tur.) Maha Sarakham Fm (Alb?-Cen.) Khok Kruat Fm (Apt?) MMalaysiaalaysia Phu Phan, Sao Khua, and Pre-Khorat Rocks SSumatraumatra ((a)a) Phra Wihan Fms (Ber.-Bar.) Fig. 1 A schematic geological map of the Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand. (a) A regional map of mainland Southeast Asia with the Khorat Basin (shaded area). (b) A geological map and location of the study sites of the Phu Thok Formation in northern Khorat Basin (modified after DMR 2001). Numbers indicate several studied sites; 1) Phu Wua; 2) Phu Langka; 3) Phu Thok; 4) Chet Si; 5) Phu Sing; 6) Wat Ahong; 7) Pak Man; 8) Na Haew; 9) Nakon Chum; 10) Chat Trakan. (c) A cross-section along the line X–X’ of (b). 2006 Fig. 2). The Phu Kradung, Phra Wihan, Sao Sarakham Formation consists of alternating beds Khua, Phu Phan, and Khok Kruat Formations are of halite, anhydrite, and siliciclastic redbeds (mud- composed mainly of alternating beds of mudstone, stone and siltstone, including calcretes containing siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate, indicating desiccation cracks), indicating deposition within deposition in meandering and braided fluvial envi- an evaporitic inland playa lake (Denchok 2006) ronments; these deposits unconformably overlie and/or a shallow saline pan environment subjected deformed Paleozoic rocks (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    Index Figures are shown in italic font, tables in bold Acrodontinae 99, 101–102 Buddha’s cortege 245 Actinopterygii 127, 130 burial temperature 63 adocid 143–144, 147, 148 Adocus [turtle] 166, 167 comparison, Basilochelys 155–158, 163–165 calc-alkaline volcanism 61 amber locality 86,88 calcrete 77 Ameghinichthys [fish] 129 Callialisporites [palynomorph] 72, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81 ammonites 48, 52 Carettochelyidae 166, 167 amphibian remains 2–3 Cathaysia Divide 10–12 anhydrite 70 Cathaysialand 8, 9, 15, 20 Anomoeodus [fish] 136 fauna 12–14 Anomoepodidae 264, 265, 266 flora 16 Anomoepus [ichnofossil] 256, 258, 261, 262–264 Ceno-Tethys 8, 12, 19,20 comparison 264, 265–267 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Ao Min, fish locality 98, 99 (France) 190 apatite 63 Champon Formation 50 Appendicisporites [palynomorph] 76,77 Chelomoidea 166, 167 Araucaria [tree] 85, 88, 92, 93 Chelonia 274, 293 Archaeornithomimus [theropod] 237–240 Chelydridae 166, 167 archosaur trackway 247 chert 18, 20 Argoland 12, 13 Chondrichthyes 98–99 Aruacariacites [palynomorph] 74 Chong Chad, oxygen isotope analysis 272, Asteracanthus [elasmobranch] 99–101 274, 275, 276, 277 comparison 101–102 Chong Chat, fish locality 127, 130, 131, 137 Asterodermus [elasmobranch] 107 Chuiella, distribution of 15 Cicatricosisporites [palynomorph] 75, 76, 77, 79 Cimmerian continent 8, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20 Baenidae 166, 167 Cimmerian Event 44, 46, 47, 51, 64 Ban Khok Sanam locality 272, 274, 276 cladistic analysis Ban Na Khrai, sauropod site 189, 190, 192, 195–214 actinopterygians 130 Ban Na
    [Show full text]
  • Valérie Martin, Varavudh Suteethorn & Eric Buffetaut, Description of the Type and Referred Material of Phuwiangosaurus
    ORYCTOS, V ol . 2 : 39 - 91, Décembre 1999 DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE AND REFERRED MATERIAL OF PHUWIANGOSAURUS SIRINDHORNAE MARTIN, BUFFETAUT AND SUTEETHORN, 1994, A SAUROPOD FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF THAILAND Valérie MARTIN 1, Varavudh SUTEETHORN 2 and Eric BUFFETAUT 3 1 Musée des Dinosaures, 11260 Espéraza, France 2 Geological Survey Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Rama VI Road, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand 3 CNRS (UMR 5561), 16 cour du Liégat, 75013 Paris, France Abstract : The type specimen of P. sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994 is an incomplete, partly articulated, skeleton discovered in the Phu Wiang area of northeastern Thailand). Most of the abundant sauropod material from the Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous), collected on the Khorat Plateau, in northeastern Thailand, is referable to this species. Phuwiangosaurus is a middle-sized sauropod, which is clearly different from the Jurassic Chinese sauropods (Euhelopodidae). On the basis of a few jaw elements and teeth, P. sirindhornae may be considered as an early representative of the family Nemegtosauridae. Key words : Sauropoda, Osteology, Early Cretaceous, Thailand Description du type et du matériel rapporté de Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut et Suteethorn, 1994, un sauropode du Crétacé inférieur de Thaïlande Résumé : Le spécimen type de Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae est un squelette incomplet, partiellement articulé, découvert dans la région de Phu Wiang (Nord-Est de la Thaïlande). Phuwiangosaurus est un sauropode de taille moyenne (15 à 20 m de longueur) très différent des sauropodes du Jurassique chinois. La majeure partie de l’abondant matériel de sauropodes, récolté sur le Plateau de Khorat (Formation Sao Khua, Crétacé inférieur), est rap - portée à cette espèce.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Henri Fontaine (1954 – 2015) with Keywords and Appendix
    Vol. 4 No. 2 page 1-25 DOI : 10.14456/randk.2018.7 RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE Letter to the Editor Bibliography of Henri Fontaine (1954 – 2015) with keywords and appendix Henri Fontaine1 and Thi Than Hoang2 1Missions Etrangères de Paris, 128 Rue du Bac, 75007 Paris, France 211 Rue Bourgeot, 94240 L’Haÿ Les Roses, France, (Received 17 January 2018; accepted 24 January 2018) Abstract: This bibliography lists all publications by Henri Fontaine from 1954 to 2015. Out of 313 titles, he is sole or main author of 279 articles (with reference numbers from 20 to 298) and co-author of the remainder. These papers concern many countries of eastern Asia: Cambodia, China, South Korea, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. Some papers relate to other countries: Afghanistan, France, Iran, Oman. Most of the publications are about geology, palaeontology and stratigraphy. The remainder covers different fields: archaeology, biography, bibliography, flora, history of geological researches, religion, tektites and thermo-mineral springs. Each reference gives key-words about localities, subject of study, fossils and ages. An appendix covers subjects, geography, archaeological and geological ages with reference numbers. Résumé: Cette bibliographie rassemble toutes les publications de Henri Fontaine, depuis 1954 jusqu’en 2015. Sur 313 titres, il est seul ou principal auteur de 279 articles (portant les numéros de référence de 20 à 298) et co-auteur du reste. Ces articles ont été consacrés à plusieurs pays de l’Asie de l’Est: Cambodge, Chine, Corée du Sud, Indonésie, Laos, Malaisie, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailande et Viet Nam. Certains articles sont relatifs aux autres pays: Afghanistan, France, Iran, Oman.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of Iguanodontian Dinosaurs, with Implications from Ontogeny and an Examination of the Function of the Fused Carpal-Digit I Complex
    Phylogeny and Biogeography of Iguanodontian Dinosaurs, with Implications from Ontogeny and an Examination of the Function of the Fused Carpal-Digit I Complex By Karen E. Poole B.A. in Geology, May 2004, University of Pennsylvania M.A. in Earth and Planetary Sciences, August 2008, Washington University in St. Louis A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 31, 2015 Dissertation Directed by Catherine Forster Professor of Biology The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Karen Poole has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of August 10th, 2015. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Phylogeny and Biogeography of Iguanodontian Dinosaurs, with Implications from Ontogeny and an Examination of the Function of the Fused Carpal-Digit I Complex Karen E. Poole Dissertation Research Committee: Catherine A. Forster, Professor of Biology, Dissertation Director James M. Clark, Ronald Weintraub Professor of Biology, Committee Member R. Alexander Pyron, Robert F. Griggs Assistant Professor of Biology, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2015 by Karen Poole All rights reserved iii Dedication To Joseph Theis, for his unending support, and for always reminding me what matters most in life. To my parents, who have always encouraged me to pursue my dreams, even those they didn’t understand. iv Acknowledgements First, a heartfelt thank you is due to my advisor, Cathy Forster, for giving me free reign in this dissertation, but always providing valuable commentary on any piece of writing I sent her, no matter how messy.
    [Show full text]
  • Inferring Body Mass in Extinct Terrestrial Vertebrates and the Evolution of Body Size in a Model-Clade of Dinosaurs (Ornithopoda)
    Inferring Body Mass in Extinct Terrestrial Vertebrates and the Evolution of Body Size in a Model-Clade of Dinosaurs (Ornithopoda) by Nicolás Ernesto José Campione Ruben A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Nicolás Ernesto José Campione Ruben 2013 Inferring body mass in extinct terrestrial vertebrates and the evolution of body size in a model-clade of dinosaurs (Ornithopoda) Nicolás E. J. Campione Ruben Doctor of Philosophy Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2013 Abstract Organismal body size correlates with almost all aspects of ecology and physiology. As a result, the ability to infer body size in the fossil record offers an opportunity to interpret extinct species within a biological, rather than simply a systematic, context. Various methods have been proposed by which to estimate body mass (the standard measure of body size) that center on two main approaches: volumetric reconstructions and extant scaling. The latter are particularly contentious when applied to extinct terrestrial vertebrates, particularly stem-based taxa for which living relatives are difficult to constrain, such as non-avian dinosaurs and non-therapsid synapsids, resulting in the use of volumetric models that are highly influenced by researcher bias. However, criticisms of scaling models have not been tested within a comprehensive extant dataset. Based on limb measurements of 200 mammals and 47 reptiles, linear models were generated between limb measurements (length and circumference) and body mass to test the hypotheses that phylogenetic history, limb posture, and gait drive the relationship between stylopodial circumference and body mass as critics suggest.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Early Cretaceous of Laos
    Naturwissenschaften DOI 10.1007/s00114-012-0911-7 ORIGINAL PAPER The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos Ronan Allain & Tiengkham Xaisanavong & Philippe Richir & Bounsou Khentavong Received: 25 November 2011 /Revised: 19 March 2012 /Accepted: 22 March 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Spinosaurids are among the largest and most spe- from Asia. Cladistic analysis identifies Ichthyovenator as a cialized carnivorous dinosaurs. The morphology of their member of the sub-clade Baryonychinae and suggests a crocodile-like skull, stomach contents, and oxygen isotopic widespread distribution of this clade at the end of the Early composition of the bones suggest they had a predominantly Cretaceous. Chilantaisaurus tashouikensis from the Creta- piscivorous diet. Even if close relationships between spino- ceous of Inner Mongolia, and an ungual phalanx from the saurids and Middle Jurassic megalosaurs seem well estab- Upper Jurassic of Colorado are also referred to spinosaurids, lished, very little is known about the transition from a extending both the stratigraphical and geographical range of generalized large basal tetanuran to the specialized morphol- this clade. ogy of spinosaurids. Spinosaurid remains were previously known from the Early to Late Cretaceous of North Africa, Keywords Cretaceous . Savannakhet basin . Theropoda . Europe, and South America. Here, we report the discovery Spinosauridae . Asia of a new spinosaurid theropod from the late Early Creta- ceous Savannakhet Basin in Laos, which is distinguished by an autapomorphic sinusoidal dorsosacral sail. This new Introduction taxon, Ichthyovenator laosensis gen. et sp. nov., includes well-preserved and partially articulated postcranial remains. The spinosaurids are among the most bizarre dinosaurs. The Although possible spinosaurid teeth have been reported morphology of their superficially crocodile-like skull from various Early Cretaceous localities in Asia, the new (Taquet 1984; Charig and Milner 1997; Sereno et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinosaur Footprint Assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, Northeastern Thailand
    Geoscience Frontiers 8 (2017) 1479e1493 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Geoscience Frontiers journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gsf Research Paper Dinosaur footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand Shohei Kozu a,*, Apsorn Sardsud b, Doungrutai Saesaengseerung b, Cherdchan Pothichaiya b, Sachiko Agematsu a, Katsuo Sashida a a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan b Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand article info abstract Article history: The Khok Kruat Formation is the upper part of the Khorat Group, which consists of upper Lower Received 30 November 2016 Cretaceous non-marine sedimentary rocks in northeastern Thailand. Many dinosaur footprints have been Received in revised form known from the upper Lower Cretaceous (AptianeAlbian) Khok Kruat Formation at the Huai Dam Chum 19 January 2017 (Tha Uthen) site, northeastern Thailand. Approximately 600 tracks occur in thin mudstone layer of the Accepted 3 February 2017 northern part of the outcrop at the Huai Dam Chum track site. Two types of footprints, small-sized Available online 2 March 2017 Handling Editor: X.Q. Wan theropod and crocodylomorph are imprinted with mud cracks and ripple marks on the thin mud layer. Most of footprints are referred to cf. Asianopodus, and are imprinted by small-sized theropoda, Keywords: probably ornithomimosauria. Theropod tracks are mainly separated into two groups, Group A and Group Dinosaur footprint assemblage B. From ichnological viewpoints, the small-sized theropod track assemblage indicates the herd behaviour Cretaceous and its idiosyncratic group composition.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinosaur Footprint Asemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, Northeastern Thailand
    Accepted Manuscript Dinosaur footprint asemblage from the lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand Shohei Kozu, Apsorn Sardsud, Doungrutai Saesaengseerung, Cherdchan Pothichaiya, Sachiko Agematsu, Katsuo Sashida PII: S1674-9871(17)30032-4 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2017.02.003 Reference: GSF 539 To appear in: Geoscience Frontiers Received Date: 30 November 2016 Revised Date: 19 January 2017 Accepted Date: 3 February 2017 Please cite this article as: Kozu, S., Sardsud, A., Saesaengseerung, D., Pothichaiya, C., Agematsu, S., Sashida, K., Dinosaur footprint asemblage from the lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand, Geoscience Frontiers (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.gsf.2017.02.003. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Dinosaur footprint asemblage from the lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand Shohei Kozu a, *, Apsorn Sardsud b, Doungrutai Saesaengseerung b, Cherdchan Pothichaiya b, Sachiko Agematsu a, Katsuo Sashida a a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan b Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand MANUSCRIPT Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected], Tel: +81-29-853-6138 ACCEPTED 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract The Khok Kruat Formation is the upper part of the Khorat Group, which consists of upper Lower Cretaceous non-marine sedimentary rocks in northeastern Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochronological, Elemental and Sr-Nd-Hf-O Isotopic Constraints on the Petrogenesis of the Triassic Post-Collisional Granitic Ro
    ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Geochronological, elemental and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Triassic post-collisional granitic rocks in NW Thailand and its Paleotethyan implications Yuejun Wang, Huiying He, Peter A Cawood, Weiming Fan, Boontarika Srithai, Qinlai Feng, Yuzhi Zhang, Xin Qian PII: S0024-4937(16)30295-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.09.012 Reference: LITHOS 4073 To appear in: LITHOS Received date: 10 June 2016 Accepted date: 8 September 2016 Please cite this article as: Wang, Yuejun, He, Huiying, Cawood, Peter A, Fan, Weiming, Srithai, Boontarika, Feng, Qinlai, Zhang, Yuzhi, Qian, Xin, Geochronological, elemental and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Triassic post-collisional granitic rocks in NW Thailand and its Paleotethyan implications, LITHOS (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.09.012 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Geochronological, elemental and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Triassic post-collisional granitic rocks in NW Thailand and its Paleotethyan implications Yuejun Wang 1, 2, *, Huiying He 1, Peter A Cawood
    [Show full text]
  • Decoding the Tha Uthen Cretaceous Enigma
    Decoding The Tha Uthen Cretaceous Enigma ถอดรหัสครีเทเชียสปริศนา ท่าอุเทน The Secret Marks Prior to the flood season of every year, Invaluable Impressions the people of Changwat Nakhon Phanom “Fossils are important natural resources that took Mother Nature millions and mil- who live along the bank of Mekong River lions of years to craft.” For centuries, fossils of various animals and plants have been must gather large sand stones and arrange discovered throughout Thailand. Amongst these fossils, the ones that have attracted the them along the bank of the river to shield most attention from people of all ages are the ones belonging to dinosaurs. Especial- their homes from the currents of the mighty ly fossilized skeletal fragments, egg shells, feces, and footprints. The first dinosaur fossil river. These refrigerator sized blocks of sand- was discovered in Changwat Khon Kaen in 1976. Since then, more and more have been stone are from a mining area owned by Saha found throughout the country with the majority being from the Isan region. Rungrueang Co., Ltd. in Tambon Phanom of Amphoe Tha Uthen. As the Department of Mineral Resources recognizes that “fossils are important natural Sandstone-paved bank shields homes from the resources that took Mother Nature millions and millions of years to craft,” we consider the During the transport of these sand- currents of the Mekong River excavation and study of all fossils significant. Hence, systematic approaches have been de- stones, some of the miners noticed strange veloped to ensure accurate and proper data gathering. Not only for the benefit of Thais, but three-pronged patterns resembling chicken all around the world, as some of these fossilized remains belong to dinosaur species currently footprints on some of these reddish brown unique to Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy of Deformed Permian Carbonate Reefs in the Saraburi Province, Thailand
    Stratigraphy of deformed Permian carbonate reefs in the Saraburi Province, Thailand Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the Uni versity of Adelaide for an Honours Degree in Geology Romana Elysium Carthew Dew November 2014 Romana Dew Stratigraphy of deformed Permian carbonate reefs, Thailand TITLE Stratigraphy of deformed Permian carbonate reefs in the Saraburi Province, Thailand RUNNING TITLE Stratigraphy of deformed Permian carbonate reefs, Thailand ABSTRACT The Indosinian Orogeny brought together a number of continental blocks and volcanic arcs during the Permian and Triassic periods. Prior to the orogeny, carbonate platforms and minor clastic sediments were deposited on the margins of these continental blocks. The Khao Khwang Platform formed along the southern margin of one continental fragment of the Indochina Block and was deformed in the early Triassic creating the Khao Khwang Fold-Thrust Belt. The palaeogeography of the Indochina Block margin prior to this deformation is incompletely known, yet is significant in assisting with structural reconstructions of the area and in assisting with our understanding of the ecology of Permian fusulinid- dominated habitats. The sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Permian platform carbonates and basin complexes require further analysis. Three main carbonate platform dominated facies have been identified previously as the Phu Phe, Khao Khad and Khao Khwang formations. These platform facies are divided by clastic, mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sequences known as the Sap Bon, Pang Asok and Nong Pong formations. Here, I present a stratigraphic model for the carbonate reefs and intervening clastic sedimentary rocks using the exposed well-developed sections in central Thailand. The model integrates fossil identification, biostratigraphic correlation and palaeoenvironmental analysis, in accordance with structural controls and fieldwork in the Saraburi Province, Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk Variation I Det Hadrosauroida Dentärbenet
    Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 398 Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk variation i det hadrosauroida dentärbenet D. Fredrik K. Söderblom INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 398 Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary Morfologisk variation i det hadrosauroida dentärbenet D. Fredrik K. Söderblom ISSN 1650-6553 Copyright © D. Fredrik K. Söderblom Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2017 Abstract Morphological Variation in the Hadrosauroid Dentary D. Fredrik K. Söderblom The near global success reached by hadrosaurid dinosaurs during the Cretaceous has been attributed to their ability to masticate (chew). This behavior is more commonly recognized as a mammalian adaptation and, as a result, its occurrence in a non-mammalian lineage should be accompanied with several evolutionary modifications associated with food collection and processing. The current study investigates morphological variation in a specific cranial complex, the dentary, a major element of the hadrosauroid lower jaw. 89 dentaries were subjected to morphometric and statistical analyses to investigate the clade’s taxonomic-, ontogenetic-, and individual variation in dentary morphology. Results indicate that food collection and processing became more efficient in saurolophid hadrosaurids through a complex pattern of evolutionary and growth-related changes. The diastema (space separating the beak from the dental battery) grew longer relative to dentary length, specializing food collection anteriorly and food processing posteriorly. The diastema became ventrally directed, hinting at adaptations to low-level grazing, especially in younger individuals.
    [Show full text]