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Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah 3 (1): 21-30 (2018) DOI: 10.24042/tadris.v3i1.2205

Strengthening Students’ Character in Akhlaq Subject through Problem Based Learning Model

Hasan Baharun*, Rohmatul Ummah Universitas Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo, East Java

______Abstract: This study examines the development of Akhlaq learning Article History: based on character strengthening through Problem Based Learning th Received: January 27 , 2018 (PBL) model in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo. Revised: April 5th, 2018 Character learning is the value engraved within a person that Accepted: May 10th, 2018 Published: June 29th, 2018 determines his attitude and behavior; this character can usually be shaped by education, experience, habituation, and environmental influences. Akhlaq education is an education that prioritizes the ______aspect of manners that always involves aspects of knowledge, Keywords: feelings, and actions. Through this moral education, it is hoped to Akhlaq, achieve a better character and can help to foster the emotional Character, intelligence of learners in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Problem based learning. Probolinggo. The method used in this study is literary study located

at Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo. The results

______showed that Akhlaq learning through PBL approach can shape the *Correspondence Address: students' thinking activities naturally and can solve the learning [email protected] problem concerned with the learners’ morality. So that learners can learn about how to think critically and can be skilled in solving problems.

INTRODUCTION Baharun, 2016). Islam as the religion of Teachers’ professionalism in rahmatan lil-alamin sees education as the teaching determines students’ learning main foundation and priority in order for outcomes, both in the field of cognitive someone to be prioritized and glorified. (intellectual), the field of attitude As stated in the QS. Al-Mujadalah verse (effective) and the field of behavior 11 (Al-qur’an dan terjemahnnya, 2008): (psychomotor) (Dimyati & Mudjiono, َّ َّ ُ ْ ْ يَ ْر َفعِ هللاُ ال ِذ ْي َن أ َمنُ ْوا ِم ْن ُك ْم َو ال ِذ ْي َن أ ْوتُ ْوال ِعل َم دَ َر َج ت The purpose of teaching is to .(2009 educate people to be clever and possess good morality (C. Anwar, 2015; Meaning: "Allah will raise those who Muthoifin & Jinan, 2015). An educator have believed among you and those who can produce bright and noble learners were given knowledge, by degrees. And (Imam, 2013). Learning is considered Allah is Acquainted with what you do." successful when there is a change in the individual, influenced by the ability of the Based on Al-Quran Surah Al- students and the quality of teaching (C. Mujadillah verse 11, science or education Anwar, 2014; Krismiyati, 2017). holds a very important role in human life, Education has an important role for whether in religious development, nation, mankind (M. K. Anwar, 2010; Hasan state, and especially it can educate human

© 2018 URPI Faculty of Education and Teacher Training Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung Strengthening Students’ Character … | Hasan Baharun and Rohmatul Ummah

beings to be intelligent and possess noble 2014). The results of these studies became character. the basis for determining the focus of this Moral education can realize better study, namely on learning Akhlaq. character in the learners’ daily life, Therefore, in learning Akhlaq subject in including moral education, character Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, education, and so forth. Akhlaq education Probolinggo, need a systematic design, in aims to develop students' thinking skills order to obtain a maximum learning, as in dealing with the character degradation. well as to see the condition of learners, To strengthen the character of learners, it teacher competence, existing facilities, needs to be emphasized on moral and environment, in order to be attractive education. The main goal of Akhlaq and innovative (Erlinda, 2017; Wekke & education is to form students' good Hamid, 2013). personalities and morals, not only for One of the ways to foster and them to have intellectual intelligence (IQ) improve students’ akhlaq through but also have emotional intelligence (EQ) learning activities, it needs a proper as well as spiritual intelligence (SQ) learning approach that is Problem Based (Luneto, 2014). Learning (PBL). With the PBL approach, The quality of education can be learning activities can shape the students' enhanced by developing the students’ thinking activities naturally, and can solve potential, in order to be able to be a the problem akhlaq subject concerned perfect human being who possesses faith with the learners’ moral. The result of and devotion to Allah SWT, good learning through PBL is expected to help morality, knowledge, capable, creative, the learners to think critically and skilled independent, and democratic and in solving problems. responsible citizen. Learning will be said to succeed if METHOD there is a change in a person. Learning The method used in this study is that is done as it is and not through literary study. Literary study is a series of systematic planning will not get activities related to collecting literature maximum results (Yaumi, 2013). Even data, reading and recording, and the activity of students in learning processing of library materials (Khatibah, activities becomes predictor in measuring 2011; Sugiyono, 2014). This research the success of learners (H Baharun, 2015). located at Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Abdurrozak in his research stated Paiton, Probolinggo. that there is an increase in students' creative thinking ability by using Problem RESULT AND DISCUSSION Based Learning (PBL) model, which has A. Akhlaq Learning implication on improving student learning Learning is an effort to educate outcomes. His research suggests that individuals or groups through various students' creative thinking skills using the efforts, strategies, methods, and PBL model are better than using approaches to achieve predetermined conventional models (Abdurrozak, 2016). goals (C. Anwar, 2015; Majid, 2014; Likewise with Nafiah research Nashikhah, 2016). Learning is the process which states that the application of PBL of interaction between students and their model in computer settings and environment so that there is a change of maintenance learning material can behavior to be better (Hasan Baharun, improve students' critical thinking skills. 2017). Critical thinking skills increase after the Learning, in this case, is interpreted application of LBC is applied (Nafiah, as a process of interaction between

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learners with educators through learning goodness then it is good, and vice versa if resources, to exchange information so that it is used in harmless then it is bad. learners could acquire the knowledge and Basically, looking for that could form good attitude in the aspects of knowledge is to get the blessing of Allah cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. To the Almighty, not just to get the happiness manage the situation so that learners can of the world. Allah the Almighty has easily achieve the learning objectives, a affirmed in the Qur'an, that fortune, mate, teacher must show his ability in designing and death is an irreversible destiny. If the subject matter so that it can generate seeking knowledge aimed to have a good interest and cultivate the students' talent future is good, then seeking knowledge is in teaching and learning process by using intended for the hereafter in the hope of appropriate learning strategy and media entering heaven and meet the God the (Irwandani, 2016; Smaldino, Sharon, & Almighty. Et.al, 2011). While the word akhlaq in the There are several factors that Indonesian language is adopted from the influence the success of learning, namely; Arabic, akhlak. Etymologically, akhlaq is internal factors and external factors. It at a plural form of khuluq which means least gave birth to 3 theories in learning, manners, temperament or character. It is namely behaviorism (learning as response rooted from the word klalaqa which mastery), cognitivism (learning as means creating, same as the word Khaliq knowledge mastery), and constructivism (creator) and makhluq (creation) and (learning as knowledge construction). Khalq (creating). The notion implies that Related to the aspect of education and akhlaq is the rules or norms of behavior learning, Rasulullah Saw said: that governs the relationship of man with his God, a man with another man, and a man with the surrounding environment َط َل ُب ا ْل ِع ْل ِم َف ِر ْي َضةٌ َع َلى ُك ِل ُم ْس ِل م (Kurniawati, 2015). Meaning: "Seeking knowledge is Of the several definitions, there are obligatory upon every Muslim." four traits of akhlaq, namely: first, akhlaq is deeds or behaviors that have been From the Hadith, it can be strongly imprinted on a person's soul to be concluded that is obligatory to pursue his identity. Second, akhlaq is an activity knowledge. When someone has the or deed done spontaneously. Third, knowledge, he has an obligation to teach akhlaq is an act that arises from within a and practice it. In teaching, a teacher person without any outside intervention. should have a broad insight into the Fourth, akhlaq is deeds or behaviors done learning system in order for the learning based on the truth. to run effectively and efficiently. In this Akhlaq is very important in Islam. hadith, it is affirmed that the seeking Because the noble character is reflecting knowledge is obligatory upon every the maturity of one's faith to achieve the Muslim (H Baharun & Mundiri, 2011). success of life in the world and the The phenomenon that exists nowadays is hereafter. Akhlaq can reflect a person. the lack of students’ spirit in learning, While the moral reality that exists at this especially in Islamic Education, although time is very damaged. So there is a need the hadith also motivate us to learn all for a countermeasure to solve the types of science. The obligation in problem. studying the world of science also Rasulullah sent by God to perfect depends on its purpose. If it is used in human morality and to improve and refine the morals. One of them is the prayer, in

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which the goal is to form a person who is individual from other individuals protected from evil and deeds of evil. (Hidayatullah, 2009). Allah SWT says; According to Khan, a character is a stable person's personal attitude as a result of a progressive and dynamic لقد كان لكم في رسول هللا أسوة حسنة لمن كان يرجو .(consolidation process (Khan, 2010 هللا واليوم االخر وذكرهللا كثيرا Meanwhile, a character is the same as

personality, where personality is regarded Meaning: "Verily, in the Apostle of God as a characteristic, style, or unique you have a good example for everyone characteristic of a person that comes from who looks forward [with hope and awe] the formations from the environment to God and the Last Day, and remembers (Ainiah, 2013; Koesoema, 2011; Walid, God unceasingly.” 2011). Character education is an education Prophet Muhammad is a reflection that seeks to regulate a person's attitude to of noble character, through akhlaq have a good personality (M. K. Anwar, learning, it is expected to create noble 2010). In short, it leads to something that mankind, both to God and beings. The exists in each individual human being that purpose of akhlaq learning is for the makes a person's uniqueness. Through the interests and development of society in akhlaq learning, the learners are assisted which education is implemented. A to guide their characters to form a good simple example of the purpose of akhlaq nature or character. Moral education is education was at the time of the Prophet, education oriented to the process of with the dynamics of a simple society, fostering the potential that exists in the much different from the goal of moral learner, developed through the habituation education in the 4th Hijri century, of good traits that is the learning of good especially in the modern age today. character values so that it can lead to the From the above objectives, it can be strengthening of the learner's character. seen that the purpose of akhlaq learning is In this moral learning, each to educate learners to have the individual is trained in order to maintain knowledge, appreciation, and true beliefs good nature, so that the character will be on things to be believed, in the attitude strongly attached through practice and daily behavior based on Al-Qur'an (Wekke & Astuti, 2017). With the akhlaq and Hadith through the practice of good learning, learners are expected to morality (both related to God, self, actualize themselves with the ability they between man and with the natural have and can change and shape their environment) and trying hard to leave bad character independently, intelligently and morality. fully. In the process of akhlaq learning, it B. Character Education Development is necessary for the development of in Madrasah learners’ behavior and moral values such The word Character is defined as as justice, honesty, sense of responsibility, nature, the psychological traits of a and concern for others. This is an element person, the morality or character that that should be instilled in the learners to distinguishes one from another (Wiyani, be able to make careful consideration of 2017). A character is the mental or moral the behavior in everyday life, both at strength of the individual who has become school and in the community. a special personality that distinguishes an Akhlaq education teaches learners in terms of distinguishing between right and

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wrong and embedding good habit, so that develop a practical solution (Chiang & moral education component not only Lee, 2016). PBL is one type of learning involves aspects of "knowing the good" strategy that is a learner-centered learning (moral knowing) but also "desiring the (Sanjaya, 2006). good" or "loving the good" (moral PBL is a learning model that feeling) and "acting the good" (moral provides learners with opportunities to action) (Hasan Baharun, 2017). explore authentic experiences that The purpose of moral education in encourage them to actively learn, the perspective of the Qur'an is construct knowledge, and integrate emphasized more on habituation in learning contexts in school and real life practicing good values and avoiding bad scientifically (Yoon, Woo, Treagust, & values, it is described in Quran surah Ali Chandrasegaran, 2014). PBL is a learning Imran verse 110 (Al-qur’an dan that stresses on giving problems to the terjemahnnya, 2008): student that must be solved through investigation, to one student's thinking ability in solving a problem, so that كنتم خير امة اخرجت لناو تأمرون بالمعروف essential knowledge and concept from وتنهون عن المنكر وتؤمنون باهلل learning can be formed.

Based on the theories above, it can Meaning: “You are the best nation be concluded that the PBL model is a produced [as an example] for mankind. learning approach that focuses on students You enjoin what is right and forbid what or student-centered. The PBL learning is wrong and believe in Allah.” model emphasizes the investigation activity in solving the problem, where the Based on the verse, the purpose of students are faced with a problem which strengthening the character through moral then through solving it, the students can education is for the realization of noble learn skills using their own inquiry and human beings who possess intellectual thinking so that learners can learn to solve intelligence (IQ), as well as emotional problems. The problem-based learning intelligence (EQ), spiritual intelligence model is conducted by dividing learners (SQ), and as the God's khalifah on earth into groups with a problem in akhlaq who has the responsibility and divine learning. The division of groups is also message to be performed. done heterogeneously so it is expected to motivate students to interact with other C. Problem Based Learning: students. PBL model is interpreted as a Alternative Strategies series of learning activities that emphasize Problem-based learning (PBL) is a the process of solving problems learning process in the classroom. scientifically (Wina, 2011). Students must first observe a There are three main characteristics phenomenon, and then record the various of the PBL model conducted in Madrasah problems found (González & Batanero, Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo: 2016). While the teacher is tasked to 1. In the implementation of PBL, there stimulate the students' critical thinking in are a number of activities that must be solving the problems they face (De Graaff done by the students. Through PBL & Kolmos, 2003). PBL is a learning model, the students are expected not strategy that seeks to empower students in only able to listen, record, and then conducting research activities, integrating memorize the akhlaq learning acquired theories with practice, and materials, but students are also practicing the knowledge and skills to expected to actively think,

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communicate, search, process data, and to preserve and teach moral values in make conclusions. children. 2. PBL provides a problem as the key to Moral values embedded will form the learning process. Activity in akhlaq the noble character. Akhlaq learning in learning is directed to solve the Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, problem, especially in the field of Probolinggo is one of the subjects morality and moral degradation to directed to form the learners’ good value further strengthen the character of the both when dealing with Allah the learners. Almighty, another human being, and 3. Problem-solving is done by using a other creatures and the natural scientific thinking approach. Thinking environment and to form a moral action by using the scientific method through applied in the daily life. the process of deductive and inductive Thus, what should be done by thinking. This thinking process is done teachers in the process of moral learning systematically and empirically. is to present stories that contain Systematic means scientific thinking is decreasing moral behavior caused by the done through certain stages, while nature of Hubbu Ad-Dunya. In the process empirical means the process of of learning through the story or example problem-solving is based on clear data of events of moral degradation caused by and facts. Hubbu Ad-Dunya, it will make students understand the learning process of Hubbu D. Development of Akhlaq Learning Ad-Dunya. Model Based on Character One example of problem-solving is Strengthening Through Problem- when an individual or a group is Based Learning confronted with a conflict, which then Development of akhlaq learning they make a decision caused by Hubbu model based on character strengthening Ad-Dunya. By using problem-based through problem-based learning in learning, it will provide an opportunity for Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, the students to involve students’ multiple Probolinggo was done in a planned and intelligence in solving problems systematic manner, in accordance with the associated with Hubbu Ad-Dunya that steps in PBL activities. In this case, the adversely affects morale and emphasizes akhlaq learning material done through the completion of the problem. The PBL PBL approach was Hubbu Ad-Dunya, learning model in the theme of Hubbu Ad- which learning design was done through: Dunya is expected to strengthen the character so that the learners could form 1. Finding Problems better characters. Finding the problem of akhlaq learning in Hubbu Ad-Dunya material, to 2. Defining the Problem strengthen the learners’ character through Defining the problem of akhlaq PBL in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, learning in the theme of the disgraceful Paiton, Probolinggo. The problem of morality of Hubbu Ad-Dunya through Hubbu Ad-Dunya is very common so that PBL in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Jadid, it impacts negatively on a person's Paiton, Probolinggo. The purpose of character and morals because they prefer defining the problem is to equip the the world so that they do not have time to learners in order to solve the problem by do something useful for him in the finding the cause of the occurrence of the afterlife. One of the main duties that must problem. be carried out by parents and teachers is

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An example of how to define the as a follow-up in solving the problem. Hubbu Ad-Dunya problem is that they are The purpose of this investigation is to more concerned with the world, resulting provide a clearer definition of the in the neglect of prayer. Through PBL, problem. students are expected to find both the From the results of the investigation cause and effect of the problem. PBL of the problem, learners are expected to Model of akhlaq learning in the theme find problems through observations Hubbu Ad-Dunya is expected to directly in their surrounding. It is strengthen the learners’ character so that a expected to strengthen the learners' good character could be formed. character. Through PBL learning, they are not only guided by the book but also 3. Gathering Facts through observation. Gathering the facts of akhlaq learning in the themes of Hubbu Ad- 6. Completing the Defined Problems Dunya through PBL. Gathering facts in Completing the problems that have akhlaq learning through PBL was done by been defined in akhlaq learning of Hubbu instructing the students to collect facts Ad-Dunya through PBL in Madrasah about Hubbu Ad-Dunya through Aliyah Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo observation of the real-life situation. by collecting facts, data, and references Gathering facts aims to equip learners in that exist. The result of the completion of adding insight into their knowledge and the definition of the problem is expected understanding of the Hubbu Ad-Dunya for the students to be able to understand problem. PBL Model of akhlaq learning that the morality of Hubbu Ad-Dunya has in the theme of Hubbu Ad-Dunya is been practiced both in the school expected to strengthen the learners’ environment and outside the school so character so that a better character could that learners are encouraged to avoid be formed. morals Hubbu Ad-Dunya and it is also expected for them to strengthen their 4. Preparing the Hypothesis character. Prepare the hypothesis of akhlaq learning in the theme Hubbu Ad-Dunya 7. Summing up Alternative Solutions through PBL in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Collaboratively Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo. The purpose Summing up the alternatives of preparing hypotheses in akhlaq solutions collaboratively in akhlaq learning of Hubbu Ad-Dunya through learning of Hubbu Ad-Dunya material PBL is to equip the learners to be able to through PBL in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul know and understand the causes of Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo that was done problems, background, and solutions to by make a conclusion to solve the solve the problem. From the results of the problems of Hubbu Ad-Dunya in groups. hypothesis, it is expected to strengthen the The purpose of the discussion is to learners’ character so that they could form determine the action taken to solve the a better character. akhlaq problems of Hubbu Ad-Dunya. Then the students discuss the reason in 5. Conducting an Investigation solving the problem with their peers. The To investigate the akhlaq learning best answers would then be followed up. in the problem of Hubbu Ad-Dunya Follow-up activities are expected for each through PBL through empirical facts that student to perform activities that provide exist in the surrounding, they that seek to feedback after the PBL was done through find the suspected event of the hypothesis cards game. So that they could strengthen

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