DOCSLIB.ORG

Archaeostracan (Phyllocarida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archaeostracan (Phyllocarida JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 35(2), 191-201, 2015 ARCHAEOSTRACAN (PHYLLOCARIDA: ARCHAEOSTRACA) ANTENNULAE AND ANTENNAE: SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN EARLY MALACOSTRACANS AND CERATIOCARIS M’COY, 1849 AS A POSSIBLE STEM EUMALACOSTRACAN Wade T. Jones 1,∗, Rodney M. Feldmann 1, and Donald G. Mikulic 2 1 Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article-abstract/35/2/191/2547904 by guest on 22 April 2019 2 Illinois State Geological Survey, 616 East Peabody, Champaign, IL 61820, USA ABSTRACT Although there is a relatively robust fossil record of archaeostracan phyllocarids, preserved antennulae and antennae are rare. Few examples have been described. A review of archaeostracans with preserved antennulae and antennae is provided, as well as a description of a specimen of Ceratiocaris cf. macroura Collette and Rudkin, 2010, with preserved antennae, and a detailed description of a specimen of Ceratiocaris papilio Salter in Murchison, 1859, from the Silurian of Scotland. The presence of antennulae with two subequal length rami in Rhinocaridina and Echinocaridina supports previous assertions that possessing biramous antennulae is a malacostracan synapomorphy. An antennal scale in Ceratiocaris, in contrast to those of Rhinocaridina and Echinocaridina, but consistent with eumalacostracans, suggests that ceratiocarids could represent stem eumalacostracans. Hooked antennae in C. papilio, similar to copulatory clasping antennae of Nebaliopsis typica G. O. Sars, 1887, are interpreted to represent the earliest evidence of sexual dimorphism in malacostracans. KEY WORDS: antenna, antennule, Archaeostraca, Malacostraca, Paleozoic, Phyllocarida, sexual dimor- phism DOI: 10.1163/1937240X-00002328 INTRODUCTION mous antennae with an elongated exopod and that Cerati- ocaris exhibited biramous antennae with the exopod rep- We review cases of preserved antennulae and antennae of resented by an antennal scale. As such, it is hypothesized archaeostracan phyllocarids; describe a specimen of Cera- that Ceratiocaris spp. might represent stem lineage eumala- tiocaris cf. macroura Collette and Rudkin, 2010 with ex- costracans and that the ancestral condition within Malacos- ceptionally preserved antennae from the Wenlock (Middle traca is the retention of two, elongated antennal rami, rather Silurian) Racine Dolomite, IL, USA; explore what general- than uniramous antennae, or antennae with an exopod scale. izations can be made about antennulae and antennae in Cera- It is additionally postulated that the paucity of stem lin- tiocaridina, Echinocaridina, and Rhinocaridina; and explore possible sexually dimorphic and phylogenetic implications eage eumalacostracan fossils might be the result of reten- of preserved archaeostracan antennulae and antennae. tion of phyllocarid-like features, i.e., seven pleomeres, phyl- Antennular morphology has important phylogenetic im- lopodous thoracopods, and styliform caudal furcae. plications in malacostracan higher taxa. For example, eu- Although archaeostracan phyllocarids have a relatively carids and some amphipods retain two antennular rami; robust fossil record, especially in the Paleozoic, the rarity isopods exhibit uniramous antennulae; hoplocarids and some of specimens with preserved antennulae and antennae leaves carideans exhibit triramous antennulae; and leptostracans researchers with an incomplete understanding of cephalic exhibit biramous antennulae, with the exopod represented by appendage morphology in that group. Because of light scle- a scale – an apparent autapomorphy. Our results support hy- rotization, preserved crustacean antennulae and antennae are potheses (Richter and Scholtz, 2001) that retention of two rare in the fossil record, commonly occurring only in cases equal-to-subequal length antennular rami is a malacostra- of exceptional preservation. Despite this, a number of pre- can synapomorphy and further suggests that malacostracan served archaeostracan antennulae and antennae have been antennular morphologies differing from this are autapomor- described or figured (Salter, 1860: Fig. 3g; Rolfe and Beck- phic or homoplasic. ett, 1984; Bergström et al., 1987, 1989; Briggs et al., 2004) Antennal morphology is apparently equally phylogenet- and researchers can begin making generalizations about an- ically significant, with leptostracans exhibiting uniramous tennular and antennal morphology in that group. antennae, and most eumalacostracan taxa exhibiting bira- Because males of the living leptostracan phyllocarids of- mous antennae with the exopod represented by an anten- ten exhibit sexually dimorphic antennae encompassing a nal scale. The results presented here indicate that represen- range of morphologies (Song et al., 2013), one would pre- tatives of Rhinocaridina and Echinocaridina exhibited bira- dict that sexual dimorphism might be recognizable in ar- ∗ Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] © The Crustacean Society, 2015. Published by Brill NV, Leiden DOI:10.1163/1937240X-00002328 192 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 35, NO. 2, 2015 chaeostracan specimens. This issue is complicated by an in- of the thoracomeres and at least the four anteriormost complete understanding of the range of antennal morpholo- pleomeres. As such, the flagellum is approximately 2/3 to gies exhibited by archaeostracans and by the possibility that 3/4 the total body length. The flagellum gradually tapers archaeostracan species exhibited sexually dimorphic charac- in width from the basis to an acute distal termination. In ters that differed greatly from those of extant leptostracans. high magnification, it can be observed that the flagellum Examination of Ceratiocaris papilio Salter in Murchison, exhibits a fibrous, pitted structure (Fig. 1H); the pits are 1859, specimen GLAHM 2244 has provided the oldest evi- paired and span the entire length of the flagellum. These pits dence of sexual dimorphism in Malacostraca in the form of are interpreted to represent setal articulations, suggesting apparent copulatory clasping antennae similar to those of the that the antennae exhibited dense setation that is not well extant species Nebaliopsis typica G. O. Sars, 1887. preserved on the specimen. The following abbreviations indicate the repositories of The antennal exopod is positioned lateral to the endopodal specimens we studied: GLAHM, Hunterian Museum, Uni- flagellum (Fig. 1A-D, C). The exopod is slender throughout versity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; ISGS, Illinois State Ge- its length and narrows abruptly to a bluntly acuminate Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article-abstract/35/2/191/2547904 by guest on 22 April 2019 ological Survey, Champaign, IL, USA; UWGM, University termination. On the part (Fig. 1A, C), the distal component of Wisconsin Geology Museum, University of Wisconsin at appears to be slightly damaged. However, on the counterpart Madison, Madison, WI, USA. (Fig. 1B, D, G) the exopod appears to terminate naturally. As such, the exopod is interpreted to have been much shorter FOSSIL PHYLLOCARID ANTENNULAE AND ANTENNAE than the endopod, unlike in rhinocarids and Cinerocaris magnifica Briggs, Sutton, Siveter, and Siveter, 2004, the only in Ceratiocaridina Clarke Zittel, 1900 echinocarid with known antennal morphology. Although it Ceratiocarididae Salter, 1860 is possible that the short scale-like nature of the antennal Ceratiocaris M’Coy, 1849 exopod of ISGS 100P-22A was the result of biostratinomic Ceratiocaris macroura Collette and Rudkin, 2010 breakage of an elongated antennal exopod, the apparent Source.—This paper (previously undescribed specimens natural termination of the exopod on the counterpart is ISGS 100P-22A and UWGM 1906). inconsistent with this interpretation. Occurrence.—ISGS 100P-22A occurred in the Middle Sil- Based on its length, lateral relationship to the endopod, urian (Wenlock, “Lecthaylus beds”), Upper Racine Dolomi- and abrupt but apparently unbroken termination, the anten- te, 24 m north of 142nd Street, 82 m west of Mackinaw Av- nal exopod is interpreted as an antennal scale. Although the enue, Burnham, Cook County, IL, USA. UWGM 1906 oc- exopod appears to be approximately equal in width to the an- curred in the Middle Silurian (late Llandovery to early Wen- tennal flagellum, this is not entirely inconsistent with its in- lock), Waukesha Biota, Brandon Bridge Formation, Wauke- terpretation as a scale. Because leptostracan phyllocarids ex- sha, WI, USA. hibit an autapomorphic, uniramous antenna, a modern phyl- locarid could not be used for comparison. Eumalacostracans, Background.—The specimens newly described here were however, do exhibit an antennal scale (Calman, 1904). The held in the collections of Donald Mikulic, Illinois State Geo- antenna of a preserved specimen of Procambarus cf. clarkii logical Survey, now deposited at the Illinois State Geological (Girard, 1852), from the Kent State University Department Survey (ISGS 100P-22A), and the University of Wisconsin of Geology Spirit Collection was excised and examined for at Madison Geology Museum (UWGM 1906). The Illinois comparative purposes (Fig. 1E, F). Study of the P. clarkii specimen occurred as part and counterpart from a split core antenna revealed that the antennal scale is composed of a from the Calumet System of the Water Reclamation District relatively narrow dorsal keel (Fig. 1E) with a ventrally posi- of Greater Chicago’s Tunnel and Reservoir Plan. The an- tioned, roughly triangular flap-like element (Fig. 1F). In the tenna preserved on UWGM 1906 is
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from the Ría De Ferrol (Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula), with Description of a New Species of Nebalia Leach, 1814
    SCIENTIA MARINA 73(2) June 2009, 269-285, Barcelona (Spain) ISSN: 0214-8358 doi: 10.3989/scimar.2009.73n2269 Leptostracans (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from the Ría de Ferrol (Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula), with description of a new species of Nebalia Leach, 1814 JUAN MOREIRA 1, GUILLERMO DÍAZ-AGRAS 1, MARÍA CANDÁS 1, MARCOS P. SEÑARÍS 1 and VICTORIANO URGORRI 1,2,3 1 Estación de Bioloxía Mariña da Graña, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Casa do Hórreo, Rúa da Ribeira 1, E-15590, A Graña, Ferrol, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Zooloxía e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 3 Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. SUMMARY: Knowledge on taxonomy and ecology of leptostracan crustaceans is still scarce in many parts of the world. Sampling in subtidal sediments in the Ria of Ferrol (NW Spain) between 2006 and 2007 yielded several leptostracan speci- mens belonging to six species. This is, so far, the largest number of leptostracan species reported from a single area. Some specimens belong to an undescribed species of Nebalia Leach, 1814, which is described herein as N. reboredae n. sp. The new species has a rostrum about 2.2 times as long as wide, the antennular scale is slightly more than twice as long as wide, the fourth article of the antennule has one short thick distal spine, the first article of the endopod of the second maxilla is 1.3 times as long as the second one, the exopod of the second maxilla is longer than the first article of the endopod, the posterior dorsal borders of pleonites 5-7 are provided with distally rounded to truncated denticles, and the uropods are as long as pleonite 7 and the anal somite combined.
    [Show full text]
  • Nebalia Kensleyi, a New Species of Leptostracan (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from Tomales Bay, California
    26 April 2005 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 118(l):3-20. 2005. Nebalia kensleyi, a new species of leptostracan (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from Tomales Bay, California Todd A. Haney and Joel W. Martin (TAH) Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007 U.S.A. and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 U.S.A., e-rnail: [email protected] (JWM) Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007 U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—A new species of leptostracan, Nebalia kensleyi, is described from the coast of central California. It differs from other species of Nebalia most notably in the shape and color of the pigmented region of the eyes, armature of the antennule and antenna, extent that the carapace covers the abdominal somites, epimeron of pereonite 4, dentition of the protopod of the third and fourth pleopod, details of the pleonite border spination, and length of the terminal seta of the caudal furca. The leptostracan Crustacea can be iden­ reefs to the bathyal zone. The actual diver­ tified as such by the presence of a movable sity of the order Leptostraca well exceeds rostrum, a folded carapace that conceals the that which has been recorded, and the gap thoracic somites, eight phyllopodous tho­ in our knowledge of these animals clearly racic limbs, seven abdominal somites, and is the result of both taxonomic and sam­ conspicuous uropods (Kaestner 1980, pling bias. Schram 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Checklist of New Zealand Decapoda (Arthropoda: Crustacea)
    Tuhinga 22: 171–272 Copyright © Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (2011) Annotated checklist of New Zealand Decapoda (Arthropoda: Crustacea) John C. Yaldwyn† and W. Richard Webber* † Research Associate, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Deceased October 2005 * Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand ([email protected]) (Manuscript completed for publication by second author) ABSTRACT: A checklist of the Recent Decapoda (shrimps, prawns, lobsters, crayfish and crabs) of the New Zealand region is given. It includes 488 named species in 90 families, with 153 (31%) of the species considered endemic. References to New Zealand records and other significant references are given for all species previously recorded from New Zealand. The location of New Zealand material is given for a number of species first recorded in the New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity but with no further data. Information on geographical distribution, habitat range and, in some cases, depth range and colour are given for each species. KEYWORDS: Decapoda, New Zealand, checklist, annotated checklist, shrimp, prawn, lobster, crab. Contents Introduction Methods Checklist of New Zealand Decapoda Suborder DENDROBRANCHIATA Bate, 1888 ..................................... 178 Superfamily PENAEOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815.............................. 178 Family ARISTEIDAE Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891..................... 178 Family BENTHESICYMIDAE Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 .......... 180 Family PENAEIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 ..................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the Northern Arabian Sea
    An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea. Part 1: Introduction Item Type article Authors Tirmizi, N.M.; Kazmi, Q.B. Download date 25/09/2021 13:22:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/31867 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.2(1), 49-66, 1993 AN IlLUSTRATED KEY TO THE MALACOSTRACA (CRUSTACEA) OF THE NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA Part 1: INTRODUCTION Nasima M. T:innizi and Quddusi B. Kazmi Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi Karachi-75270, Pakistan ABS'J.'R.ACT: The key deals with the Malacostraca from the northern Arabian Sea (22°09'N to 10°N and 50°E to 76°E). It is compiled from the specimens available to us and those which are in the literature. An introduction to the class Malacostraca and key to the identification of subclasses, superorders and orders is given. All the key characters are illustrated. Original references with later changes are men­ tioned. The key will be published in parts not necessarily in chronological order. KEY WORDS: Malacostraca -Arabian Sea - Orders -Keys. INTRODUCTION The origin of this work can be traced back to the prepartition era and the early efforts of carcinologists who reported on the marine Crustacea of the northern Arabi­ an Sea and adjacent oceanic zones. We owe indebtedness to many previous workers like Alcock (1896-1901) and Henderson (1893) who had also contributed to the list of species which the fauna now embodies. With the creation of Pakistan carcinological studies were 'undertaken specially by the students and scientists working at the Zoolo­ gy Department, University of Karachi.
    [Show full text]
  • AP 16 4.Indd
    EXTRA ! ! STUDENT AWARD WINNER New 3-D Arthropods from Cambrian Sandstones By Joseph Collette III A new suite of soft-bodied arthropods – animals with jointed meter) and a tidal range of 1 to 2 meters (3 to 6 feet), the appendages, like modern crabs and insects – have been uncov- distance between the high and low tide marks in these Cam- ered from Upper Cambrian layers in Wisconsin and Quebec. brian intertidal zones would have been enormous – between One of them, a small shrimp-like crustacean called a phyllo- 50 and 100 kilometers (30-60 miles). One might think that carid, almost certainly is the earliest undisputed appearance streams passing through such a fl at, low-gradient, sand-dom- of this group in the fossil record. Th e other, larger fossils are inated area would be shallow and meandering. But because intermediate between two other enigmatic arthropod groups, mud and roots – that act as “glue” to secure the cut banks of the aglaspidids and the euthycarcinoids. Th ese fossils are re- modern meandering streams – are absent from such settings, markable for being preserved in three dimensions, in fi ne- to these streams formed channels during the changing tide. It is medium-grained sandstone and orthoquartzite, with little or these channels, and their associated fi ne-grained muds, that no compaction by the weight of time and rock. played a crucial role in the preservation of the arthropods. Sandstones don’t usually allow detailed preservation of Although this style of sandstone preservation is rare in the soft tissues from the Phanerozoic. Th ese rocks typically pre- Phanerozoic, similar preservation is known from the earlier serve only trace fossils – the footprints, burrows, and body Ediacaran Period (the last geological period before the be- impressions of organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Place of the Hoplocarida in the Malacostracan Pantheon
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship School of Marine Sciences 6-1-2009 The lP ace of the Hoplocarida in the Malacostracan Pantheon Les Watling University of Maine - Main, [email protected] C. H.J. Hof F. R. Schram Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub Repository Citation Watling, Les; Hof, C. H.J.; and Schram, F. R., "The lP ace of the Hoplocarida in the Malacostracan Pantheon" (2009). Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship. 134. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub/134 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOURNALOF CRUSTACEANBIOLOGY, 20, SPECIALNUMBER 2: 1-11, 2000 THE PLACE OF THE HOPLOCARIDA IN THE MALACOSTRACAN PANTHEON Les Watling, Cees H. J. Hof, and Frederick R. Schram (LW,corresponding) Darling MarineCenter, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]);(CHJH) Department of EarthSciences, University of Bristol, Wills MemorialBuilding, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (e-mail: [email protected]); (FRS) Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam,Post Box 94766, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands(e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT The stomatopodbody plan is highly specializedfor predation,yet the SuperorderHoplocarida originatedfrom something other than the "lean,mean, killing machine" seen today.The fossil record of the groupindicates that it originatedearly on froma non-raptorialancestor, with the specialized predatorymorphology developing much later.
    [Show full text]
  • Exceptional Preservation of Eye Structure in Arthropod Visual
    Exceptional preservation of eye structure in arthropod visual predators from the Middle Jurassic Jean Vannier, Brigitte Schoenemann, Thomas Gillot, Sylvain Charbonnier, Euan Clarkson To cite this version: Jean Vannier, Brigitte Schoenemann, Thomas Gillot, Sylvain Charbonnier, Euan Clark- son. Exceptional preservation of eye structure in arthropod visual predators from the Middle Jurassic. Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 2016, 7, pp.10320. <10.1038/ncomms10320>. <hal-01276338> HAL Id: hal-01276338 http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01276338 Submitted on 19 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ARTICLE Received 1 Jun 2015 | Accepted 30 Nov 2015 | Published 19 Jan 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10320 OPEN Exceptional preservation of eye structure in arthropod visual predators from the Middle Jurassic Jean Vannier1,*, Brigitte Schoenemann2,3,*, Thomas Gillot1,4, Sylvain Charbonnier5 & Euan Clarkson6 Vision has revolutionized the way animals explore their environment and interact with each other and rapidly became a major driving force in animal evolution. However, direct evidence of how ancient animals could perceive their environment is extremely difficult to obtain because internal eye structures are almost never fossilized.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Geology, Paleontology Petrology, and Mineralogy
    Bulletin No. 221 Series G, Miscellaneous, 25 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY PETROLOGY, AND MINERALOGY FOR BY 3FJRJEJD BOUGHHXCMV WEEKS WASHINGTON @QVEE,NMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 9 0 3 O'Q.S. Pago. Letter of transrnittal...................................................... 5 Introduction...............................:............................. 7 List of publications examined............................................. 9 Bibliography............................................................. 13 Addenda to bibliographies for previous years............................... 124 Classified key to the index................................................ 125 Index................................................................... 133 £3373 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, D. C., October 20, 1903. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript) of a bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1902, and to request that it be published as a bulletin of the Survey. Very respectfully, F. B. WEEKS. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director United States Geological Survey. 5 BIBLIOaRAPHY AND INDEX OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, PETROLOGY, AND MINERALOGY FOR THE YEAR 1902. By FRED BOUGHTON WEEKS. INTRODUCTION. The arrangement of the material of the Bibliography and Index for 1902 is similar to that adopted for the previous publications (Bulletins Nos. 130, 135, 146, 149, 156, 162, 172, 188, 189, and 203). Several papers that should have been entered in the previous bulletins are here recorded, and the date of publication is given with each entry. Bibliography. The bibliography consists of full titles of separate papers, arranged alphabetically by authors' names, an abbreviated reference to the publication in which the paper is printed, and a brief description of the contents, each r>aper being numbered for index reference.
    [Show full text]
  • (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) Systematics
    Contributions to Zoology, 70 (1) 23-39 (2001) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Hierarchical analysis of mtDNA variation and the use of mtDNA for isopod (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) systematics R. Wetzer Invertebrate Zoology, Crustacea, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, [email protected] Keywords: 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, mitochondrial DNA, isopod, Crustacea, molecular Abstract Transition/transversion bias 30 Discussion 32 Nucleotide composition 32 Carefully collected molecular data and rigorous analyses are Transition/transversionbias 34 revolutionizing today’s phylogenetic studies. Althoughmolecular Sequence divergences 34 data have been used to estimate various invertebrate phylogenies Rate variation across 34 lor lineages more than a decade,this is the first ofdifferent study survey Conclusions 35 of regions mitochondrial DNA in isopod crustaceans assessing Acknowledgements 36 sequence divergence and hence the usefulness ofthese regions References 36 to infer phylogeny at different hierarchical levels. 1 evaluate three loci fromthe mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs genome (two (12S, 16S) and oneprotein-coding (COI)) for their appropriateness in inferring isopod phylogeny at the suborder level and below. Introduction The patterns are similar for all three loci with the most speciose suborders ofisopods also having the most divergent mitochondrial The crustacean order Isopoda is important and nucleotide sequences. Recommendations for designing an or- because it has a broad dis- der- or interesting geographic suborder-level molecular study in previously unstudied groups of Crustacea tribution and is diverse. There would include: (1) collecting a minimum morphologically are of two-four species or genera thoughtto be most divergent, (2) more than 10,000 described marine, freshwater, sampling the across of interest as equally as possible in group and terrestrial species, ranging in length from 0.5 terms of taxonomic representation and the distributionofspecies, mm to 440 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of a Bathyal Leptostracan, Nebalia Abyssicola Fage, 1929 (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida), in the Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean
    J. MOREIRA, M. SEZGİN, T. KATAĞAN, O. GÖNÜLAL, B. TOPALOĞLU Turk J Zool 2012; 36(3): 351-360 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1012-53 First record of a bathyal leptostracan, Nebalia abyssicola Fage, 1929 (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida), in the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean Juan MOREIRA1,2, Murat SEZGİN3,*, Tuncer KATAĞAN4, Onur GÖNÜLAL5, Bülent TOPALOĞLU5 1Department of Biology (Zoology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid - SPAIN 2Marine Biological Station of A Graña, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15590 Ferrol - SPAIN 3Sinop University, Fisheries Faculty, Department of Hydrobiology, 57000 Sinop - TURKEY 4Ege University, Fisheries Faculty, Department of Hydrobiology, 35100 Bornova, İzmir - TURKEY 5İstanbul University, Fisheries Faculty, Department of Hydrobiology, 34130 Laleli, İstanbul - TURKEY Received: 13.12.2010 Abstract: Data on deep sea leptostracans (Crustacea: Phyllocarida: Leptostraca) are still scarce in many parts of the world. In the last few years, several species of Nebalia Leach, 1814, have been reported from the eastern Mediterranean; however, there have been no reports from waters deeper than 100 m. Samples collected recently from Gökçeada, Turkey—at depths of 680-820 m in the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean—included Nebalia abyssicola Fage, 1929. Th is is the fi rst record for the study area and one of the few known records of this species. Specimens are described and fi gured to complement previous descriptions. A key for all known leptostracans from the eastern Mediterranean is also provided. Key words: Leptostraca, Nebalia abyssicola, Mediterranean Sea, new records, deep waters Batiyal leptostrakan, Nebalia abyssicola (Crustacea, Phyllocarida)’nın Ege Denizi, doğu Akdeniz’den ilk kaydı Özet: Dünyanın bir çok bölgesinde leptostrakanlar üzerine veriler hala yetersizdir.
    [Show full text]
  • Malacostracan Phylogeny and Evolution
    ERIK DAHL Department of Zoology, Lund, Sweden MALACOSTRACAN PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION ABSTRACT Malacostracan ancestors were benthic-epibenthic. Evolution of ambulatory stenopodia prob- ably preceded specialization of natatory pleopods. This division of labor was the prere- quisite for the evolution of trunk tagmosis. It is concluded that the ancestral malacostracan was probably more of a pre-eumalacostracan than a phyllocarid type, and that the phyllo- carids constitute an early branch adapted for benthic life. The same is the case with the hoplocarids, here regarded as a separate subclass with eumalacostracan rather than phyllo- carid affinities, although that question remains open. The systematic concept Eumalaco- straca is here reserved for the subclass comprising the three caridoid superorders, Syncarida, Eucarida and Peracarida. The central caridoid apomorphy, proving the unity of caridoids, is the jumping escape reflex system, manifested in various aspects of caridoid morphology. The morphological evidence indicates that the Syncarida are close to a caridoid stem-group, and that the Eumalacostraca sensu stricto were derived from pre-syncarid ancestors. Ad- vanced hemipelagic-pelagic caridoids probably evolved independently within the Eucarida and Peracarida. 1 INTRODUCTION The differentiation of the major crustacean taxa must have taken place very early, pro- bably at least partly in the Precambrian (cf. Bergstrom 1980). Fronrthe Cambrian we have proof of the presence of branchiopods (Simonetta & Delle Cave 1980, Briggs 1976), ostra-
    [Show full text]
  • Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Argentine Sea, South-West Atlantic Ocean
    Zootaxa 3811 (1): 034–052 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3811.1.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A4369B16-E390-46B5-A6A8-8A9E11DFF26F A new genus and species of Platyischnopidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Argentine Sea, South-West Atlantic Ocean IGNACIO L. CHIESA1,2,3 & GLORIA M. ALONSO1 1Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, División Invertebrados, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Bue- nos Aires, Argentina 2Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, C1428HA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The family Platyischnopidae is herein reported for the first time in the Argentine Sea, South-West Atlantic Ocean. A new genus and species, Platyisao holodividum gen. et. sp. nov., collected off the coast of Buenos Aires and Río Negro prov- inces, is fully described and illustrated. Platyisao gen. nov. is distinguished from the eight other genera of Platyischnop- idae by the gnathopods subchelate, and the telson elongate, completely cleft. In addition, the distribution of Tiburonella viscana (Barnard J.L., 1964), up to now known in the South-West Atlantic Ocean from Brazilian waters, is extended to the coast off Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Key words: Amphipods, platyischnopids, Southwest Atlantic, Argentina, Platyisao holodividum gen. et. sp. nov., Tibu- ronella viscana distribution Introduction Platyischnopidae Barnard & Drummond, 1979 is a gammaridean benthic family with characteristics typical of fossorial amphipods, such as an elongate cephalothorax and antennae, pereopods and uropods with many setae and spines (Thomas & Barnard 1983).
    [Show full text]