DOCSLIB.ORG

{PDF EPUB} Reinforced Concrete Buildings a Treatise on The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
{PDF EPUB} Reinforced Concrete Buildings a Treatise on The Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Reinforced Concrete Buildings a Treatise on the History, Patents, Design and Erection of the Principal Pal Parts Entering Into a Modern, Concrete Building (Classic Reprint) by Ernest L. Ransome Sep 08, 2008 · Reinforced concrete buildings; a treatise on the history, patents, design and erection of the principal parts entering into a modern reinforced concrete building by Ransome, Ernest L. (Ernest …Pages: 258Reinforced concrete buildings; a treatise on the history ...https://archive.org/details/reinforcedconcre00ransuoftFeb 09, 2009 · Reinforced concrete buildings; a treatise on the history, patents, design and erection of the principal parts entering into a modern reinforced concrete building Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item.Pages: 264Reinforced Concrete Buildings: A Treatise on the History ...https://www.amazon.com/Reinforced-Concrete...Reinforced Concrete Buildings: A Treatise on the History, Patents, Design and Erection of the Principal Parts (Classic Reprint) [Ransome, Ernest L.] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Reinforced Concrete Buildings: A Treatise on the History, Patents, Design and Erection of the Principal Parts (Classic Reprint)Author: Ernest L. RansomeFormat: PaperbackPeople also askWhat is reinforced concrete construction?What is reinforced concrete construction?Buildings Reinforced concrete construction for high-rise buildings provides inherent stiffness, mass, and ductility. Occupants of concrete towers are less likely to perceive building motions than occupants of comparable tall buildings with non-concrete structural systems.Introduction to Concrete - Portland Cement Association Title: Reinforced Concrete Buildings: A Treasure on the History, Patents, Design and Erection of the Principal Parts Entering into a Modern Reinforced Concrete Building. Author(s): Ernest L. Ransome and Alexis Saurbrey. Publication: Symposium Paper. Volume: 52. Issue: Appears on pages(s): 287-306. Keywords: Date: 1/1/1976. Abstract:Cited by: 1Publish Year: 2009Author: Ernest L. Ransome, Alexis Saurbrey[PDF]CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORY OF REINFORCED …https://swsu.ru/sbornik-statey/pdf/08_chapter 1.pdf1.1 HISTORY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE A French gardener by name Joseph Monier first invented the reinforced concrete in the year 1849. If not for this reinforced concrete most of the modern buildings would not have been standing today. Reinforced concrete can … The present reinforced concrete building structure may, and preferably will be produced by framing su'ch novel reinforced concrete beams into the usual concrete girders and a prefabricated metal flooring preferably comprising the cellular steel flooring forming the subject matter of the aforesaid Young patents may and preferably will be laid ... Oct 11, 2011 · The average person thinks that concrete has been in common use for many centuries, but such is not the case. Although the Romans made cement – called Pozzolana – before Christ by mixing slaked lime with a volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius and used it to make concrete for building, the art was lost during the Dark Ages 5th century -15th century A.D. and was not revived until eighteenth and ... Reinforced concrete was invented during the second half of the 19 th Century. Besides the need to substitute wood for gardening and recreational use, the main driver was the need for an economic and fireproof building material. The development of modern cement and steel during the first half of the 19 th century made this invention possible. Nov 10, 2012 · Ernest L. Ransome, worked as head in San Francisco Concrete-Steel Company, seemingly used form of reinforced concrete in the early 1870s. He continued to increase the application of wire rope and hoop iron to many structures and was the first to use reinforced concrete and patent in 1884, the deformed (twisted bar). IStructE EC2 (Concrete) Design Manual 9 Foreword The Eurocode for the Design of Concrete Structures(EC2) is likely to be published as a Euronorm (EN) in the next few years. The prestandard (ENV) for EC2 has now been avail-able since 1992. To facilitate its familiarisation the Institution of Structural Engineers and Jan 22, 2021 · 2. History of Concrete Building Construction. from "Reinforced Concrete: Preliminary Design for Architects and Builders" by R.E. Shaeffer, McGraw-Hill, 1992. 2.1 Early Concrete. Much has been written about the numerous significant buildings of the Roman Empire constructed using "concrete" as the primary structural material. JPS535815A JP8056876A JP8056876A JPS535815A JP S535815 A JPS535815 A JP S535815A JP 8056876 A JP8056876 A JP 8056876A JP 8056876 A JP8056876 A JP 8056876A JP S535815 A JPS535815 A JP S535815A Authority JP Japan Prior art keywords reinforced concrete reinforced concrete Prior art date 1976-07-07 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal … The history of reinforced concrete in the architecture of the 20th century Maialen Sagarna studied the 20th century buildings for her Ph.D. thesis at the University of the Basque Country ... Reinforced concrete, concrete in which steel is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. The reinforcing steel—rods, bars, or mesh—absorbs the tensile, shear, and sometimes the compressive stresses in a concrete structure. Feb 09, 2014 · The process of reinforcing concrete consists of embedding steel reinforcing bars, also knows as rebar, in concrete before it sets, in order to support the concrete from tensile stresses. Let’s review the history of reinforced concrete by examining some of the minds that impacted the concrete construction industry with their innovative work. Because the results of using steel reinforced are so good for the strength of the building, most modern buildings today use steel reinforced concrete in the construction process. The advantages of using this in building construction was first discovered in the mid 1800's by … Apr 01, 2015 · Design patents can protect the ornamental features of entire buildings. For example, the Manhattan Apple Store is protected by design patent D648,864. Additional examples include: a dwelling structure (that might be described as "post-modern") is protected by D477,417; a pyramidal theater building is protected by D256,163; and a twisted high ... Major parts of the concrete frame structures – Concrete Buildings: Slabs: These are the plate element and carry the loads primarily by flexure.They usually carry the vertical loads. Under the action of horizontal loads, due to a large moment of inertia, they can carry quite large wind and earthquake forces, and then transfer them to the beam. Reinforced concrete is one of the principal building materials used in engineered structures because: • Low cost • Weathering and fire resistance • Good compressive strength • Formability all these criteria make concrete an attractive material for wide range of structural applications such as buildings, dams, reservoirs, tanks, etc. 1.3. Construction - Construction - Concrete: Reinforced concrete is also a major structural material in these buildings. Indeed, outside of North America and western Europe, it is the dominant industrialized building material. Its component parts are readily available throughout the world at fairly low cost. Portland cement is easily manufactured by burning shale and limestone; aggregates such as ... usually beyond the scope of a typical design sequence and will not be con​ sidered here. A number of these parameters are addressed by Mann (1970). The purpose of this report is to provide guidance for the placement of contraction and expansion jOints in reinforced concrete buildings. A sec​ tion is included on construction joints. Structural system: Reinforced concrete Concrete shear wall core No. stories: 60 (bottom 18 parking) Year built: 1990 Structural system: Reinforced concrete No. stories: 65 Height: 292 m (960 ft) 311 South Wacker Dr. Chicago, IL Jun 14, 2013 · That said, the invention would also fit into Edison’s larger business plans.He had a cement plant in Stewartsville, N.J., and had patented several improvements in the cement-making process. Aug 06, 2015 · The structural engineering firm Ransome Engineering Co. was founded by Ernest L. Ransome, a pioneer in the development of reinforced concrete buildings. Ransome started his career in San Francisco and is credited with the design of two small, reinforced-concrete bridges there in 1886, both of which survive today. Nov 16, 2016 · For the home, conceived as a hideaway amid the crag, the AD100 architects cut away portions of the rock, which were crushed, made into concrete, and used in other parts … Jun 17, 2016 · Reinforced concrete is everywhere. But unlike plain concrete, which can last for centuries, reinforced concrete can deteriorate in decades as the reinforcing bars succumb to rust. May 17, 2014 · In the years following the construction of the Ingalls Building in 1904, most high-rise buildings were made of steel. Construction in 1962 of Bertrand Goldberg’s 60-story Twin Towers in Chicago sparked renewed interest in using reinforced concrete for high-rises. The world’s tallest structure (as of 2011) was built using reinforced concrete. The LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Section 5 specifies the design requirements for concrete in all structural elements. This Chapter provides supplementary information specifically regarding the general properties of concrete and reinforcing steel and the design of reinforced concrete. Examining the proliferation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Limestone, Rocks, and Volcanic Ash Built the Modern World
    26/11/2017 The Rock Solid History of Concrete ALEXANDERVANLOON/WIKIMEDIA The Rock Solid History of Concrete By Jonathan Schifman Oct 12, 2017 1.5k HOW LIMESTONE, ROCKS, AND VOLCANIC ASH BUILT THE MODERN WORLD. The story of concrete is so ancient that we don't even know when and where it begins. It is a story of discovery, experimentation, and mystery. Emperors and kings became legends for erecting great concrete structures, some of which are still a mystery to engineers today. Many of history's most skilled architects found inspiration in slabs of the gray building material. Common bricklayers advanced the technology, and a con man played a crucial role in the development of concrete recipes. Today, the world is literally filled with concrete, from roads and sidewalks to bridges and dams. The word itself has become a synonym for something that is real and tangible. Press http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a28502/rock-solid-history-of-concrete/ 1/22 26/11/2017 The Rock Solid History of Concrete your handprints into the sidewalk and sign your name to history. This is the story of concrete. The First Cement—and Maybe Concrete? Let's get this out of the way right here: cement and concrete are not the same thing. Cement, a mixture of powdered limestone and clay, is an ingredient in concrete along with water, sand, and gravel. Concrete's invention was made possible by the development of cement, and to trace the history of cement, we must trace the use of its components. ADVERTISEMENT - CONTINUE READING BELOW The earliest known use of limestone in a structure has been dated back about 12,000 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Concrete Heritage
    Literature Review Conserving Concrete Heritage An Annotated Bibliography Edited by Alice Custance-Baker Gina Crevello Susan Macdonald Kyle Normandin Conserving Concrete Heritage: An Annotated Bibliography Alice Custance-Baker, Gina Crevello, Susan Macdonald, and Kyle Normandin THE GEttY CONSERVATION INSTITUTE LOS ANGELES Conserving Concrete Heritage: An Annotated Bibliography © 2015 J. Paul Getty Trust The Getty Conservation Institute 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 700 Los Angeles, CA 90049-1684 United States Telephone 310 440-7325 Fax 310 440-7702 E-mail [email protected] www.getty.edu/conservation ISBN: 978-1-937433-27-7 (paperback) ISBN: 978-1-937433-28-4 (online resource) The Getty Conservation Institute works to advance conservation practice in the visual arts, broadly interpreted to include objects, collections, architecture, and sites. It serves the conservation community through scientific research, education and training, model field projects, and the dissemination of the results of both its own work and the work of others in the field. And in all its endeavors, the GCI focuses on the creation and dissemination of knowledge that will benefit the professionals and organizations responsible for the conservation of the world’s cultural heritage. Front cover: Fireplace Detail. Hollyhock House, Los Angeles, California (Frank Lloyd Wright, 1919–21). Photography by Joshua White/JWPictures.com. Courtesy of Hollyhock House. Conserving Concrete Heritage: An Annotated Bibliography Contents Introduction 5 CHAPTER ONE History and Development
    [Show full text]
  • An Update on Fiber Reinforcement for Concrete Design
    12/2/2020 An Update on Fiber Reinforcement for Concrete Design Presented to: Michael Mahoney, P.Eng, FACI Director of Marketing and Technology, Fiber Reinforced Concrete Euclid Chemical, Cleveland, OH December 2020 1 New ACI Design Guides for Fiber Reinforced Concrete, and Other Developments in FRC Fiber Reinforced Concrete continues to evolve and become more common placeineveryday concrete construction. The new ACI 544.4R document and successful examples of FRC can help ready‐mix producers, engineers and contractors by providing a roadmap to designing FRC for many applications including wall systems, floors, precast, shotcrete and paving applications. Your Speaker Michael A. Mahoney, P.Eng. FACI Director of Marketing and Technology, Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Euclid Chemical • Responsible for marketing and development of FRC markets working with ready‐mix producers, contractors, engineers and owners • 25+ years experience with fibers, R&D, testing and concrete engineering • Past President of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Association and currently serving on various committees with ACI, ASTM and NPCA 2 A little levity….. Some fun facts on concrete The Roman Pantheon is the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world – built in 126 AD 3 1 12/2/2020 Concrete Firsts The Federal‐Aid Highway Act of 1956 called for 41,000 miles of Interstate roadways to be constructed at an estimated cost of $41 billion; ‐ 60% of the initial work was constructed with concrete 4 Oldest Concrete Street in America • “Artificial Stone” street in Bellefontaine, Ohio • George Bartholemew, 1891 • Posted a 5 year bond guaranteeing performance 5 Worlds First Concrete Skyscraper Ingalls Building Cincinnati, OH • 15 storey reinforced concrete structure, first of its kind in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Gulph Creek Stone Arch Bridge (1789), Spanning Gulph Creek at Old Gulph Road, Upper Merion, Montgomery County, PA
    Chapter 3—Historic Context for Common Historic Bridge Types 7. Gulph Creek Stone Arch Bridge (1789), spanning Gulph Creek at Old Gulph Road, Upper Merion, Montgomery County, PA. HAER PA-309. 8. Possum Kingdom Stone Arch Bridge (1940-42), spanning Brazos River at State Route 16, Graford, Palo Pinto County, TX HAER TX-62. Figures 3-42 through 3-46 depict a drawing and examples of stone arch structures. Figure 3-42. Elevation drawing of stone arch bridge. Keystone Figure 3-43. Gulph Creek Stone Arch Bridge (1789), Old Gulph Road, Upper Merion, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. This eighteenth century stone arch bridge is one of the oldest surviving bridges in Pennsylvania. Figure 44. “S" Bridge (first quarter nineteenth century), West of Cambridge, Ohio. This 1933 photograph shows an “S” Bridge on the Old National Road. 3-51 Chapter 3—Historic Context for Common Historic Bridge Types Figure 3-45. Cabin John Aqueduct Bridge (1864), MacArthur Boulevard, spanning Cabin John Creek at Cabin John, Maryland. With a single arch span of 220 feet, this bridge was the longest masonry arch bridge in the world until 1905. Figure 3-46. Possum Kingdom Stone Arch Bridge (1940-42), spanning Brazos River at State Route 16, Graford, Texas. This structure is an example of a Works Progress Administration-built stone arch bridge. 3-52 Chapter 3—Historic Context for Common Historic Bridge Types 3.2.2 Reinforced Concrete Melan/von Emperger/Thacher Arch History and Description: The first concrete arch bridge in the United States was a plain, un-reinforced concrete footbridge with a 31-foot span, constructed in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, New York, in 1871.
    [Show full text]
  • High - Rise Buildings
    Ilda Kovačević Sanin Džidić HIGH - RISE BUILDINGS STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS Sarajevo, 2018 Authors: Ilda Kovačević Sanin Džidić Publisher: International BURCH University Sarajevo Critical Review: Assoc. Prof Dr. Amir Čaušević, University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Architecture Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nerman Rustempašić, University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Architecture Assist. Prof. Dr. Emina Zejnilović, International BURCH University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Architecture Proofreading: Dijana Misaljević, MA Desktop publishing: Authors Date and Place: February 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Copyright International BURCH University Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2018 Reproduction of this Publication for Educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information, contained in this publication, the publisher will not assume liability for writing and any use made of the proceedings, and the presentation of the participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. _________________________________________________________ CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 725.222(075.8)
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Design of Reinforced Concrete Tall Buildings
    ctbuh.org/papers Title: Structural Design of Reinforced Concrete Tall Buildings Author: Ali Sherif S. Rizk, Director, Dar al-Handasah Shair & Partners Subject: Structural Engineering Keywords: Concrete Structure Publication Date: 2010 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal, 2010 Issue I Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Ali Sherif S. Rizk Structural Design of Reinforced Concrete Tall Buildings "The development in concrete technology over the twentieth century covering materials, structural systems, analysis and construction Ali Sherif S. Rizk techniques, made it possible to build concrete Author tall buildings such as Petronas towers (452m), Ali Sherif S. Rizk, Director of Structural Engineering Department, Dar Al-Handasah Consultants (Shair and Partners) Jin Mao (421m) and Burj Dubai (800m+)." Dar Al-Handasah Consultants (Shair & Partners) 15 Amr St., Mohandessin, Giza P.O. Box 895, Cairo 11511 t: +20(0)2 33449680 During the last 12 years the Structural Engineering Department at Dar Al-Handasah has f: +20(0)2 33461170/2 designed 45 mixed-use tall buildings in different Arab countries. The designed towers are e: [email protected] primarily made of reinforced concrete and vary in height from 80m (22 floors) to 590m (85 Ali Sherif S. Rizk floors). This paper summarizes the tall buildings structural design experience gained by the Dr. Risk is the director of the Structural Department at structural design team. The tall buildings projects designed by the department are outlined Dar Al- Handasah Consultants (Shair & Partners), a position he has held since 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10-900a). 1. Name of Property historic name Best Building other names/site number Cleaveland Building, VanDerGinst Building Name of Multiple Property Listing n/a (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) 2. Location street & number 1701-03 Second Avenue not for publication city or town Rock Island vicinity state Illinois county Rock Island zip code 61201 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: national statewide local Applicable National Register Criteria: A B C D Signature of certifying official/Title: Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer Date Illinois Historic Preservation Agency State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Lateral Structural Systems in Tall Buildings
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 15 (2018) pp. 11738-11754 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Study of Lateral Structural Systems in Tall Buildings Prof. S .Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Head Of The Department of civil Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Kandlakoya(V),Medchal(M),R.R Dist.,Telangana, India. M.Eadukondalu Student, In Structural Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Kandlakoya(V),Medchal(M),R.R Dist.,Telangana, India. Abstract floor area. This percentage was at a maximum value for the pyramids. Lateral load effects on high rise buildings are quite significant and increase rapidly with increase in height. In high rise In 1885, an American engineer named William LeBaron structures , the building of the structure is greatly influenced Jenny became the creator of the modern skyscraper when he by the type of lateral system provided and the selection of realized that an office building could be constructed using appropriate lateral structural system plays an important totally different materials. He chose structural steel and role in the response of the structure . The selection is incorporated it into a revolutionary system that was to make dependent on many aspects such as structural building of possible the soaring office towers that mow symbolize the the system ,economic, feasibility and availability of modern metropolis. materials. Two technological developments, the elevator and modern Few of the lateral structural systems are shear wall system, metal frame construction, removed the prevailing limitations Framed tube system, Tube in tube system, Bundled tube on the height of the buildings, and the race for tallness was on.
    [Show full text]
  • Earlier This Year, the Concrete Reinforcing
    arlier this year, the Concrete Reinforcing codification of the newly available material. The Structural Steel Institute (CRSI) published A rise of manufacturing, and the associated need for Comprehensive and Invaluable Treatise on warehousing to accommodate product distribu- all Forms of Steel Reinforcement Employed tion, brought higher floor loads and the desire for Ein the Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete bigger buildings. Likewise, fire and conflagration ForenSicS of Long Ago. The majority of the book is an exten- drove owners to seek “fireproof” construction, sive catalogue of no less than 47 different types of which concrete was able to provide. steel reinforcing bars (four of which fall under the Now, about 100 years later, many of these build- investigating structures category of “Miscellaneous”), seven types of welded ings are being repurposed and retrofitted for reuse, and their components wire fabric, 22 systems of beam and girder rein- a trend driven in part by state and federal tax cred- forcement, 12 systems of column reinforcement, its for historic rehabilitation. Today’s structural 11 slab systems and six bridge systems. consultants are practicing at the confluence of two The supporting sections of the book, includ- trends, each at opposite ends of the century, which ing a brief history of early concrete mix design converge on a general deficit of understanding and as well as historic ASTM bar specifications, are available information. Students of engineering secondary compared to the bar descriptions and and historic preservation,® as well as researchers images. Appendices are similar compendiums in the small but growing field of construction of reinforcing steel illustrations; for example, history, may also find useful information and Appendix E contains 31 patent drawings, references in the book.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants
    buildings Review Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants Mir M. Ali 1 and Kyoung Sun Moon 2,* 1 School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; [email protected] 2 School of Architecture, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-203-436-8983; Fax: +1-203-432-7175 Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 30 July 2018; Published: 10 August 2018 Abstract: New developments of tall buildings of ever-growing heights have been continuously taking place worldwide. Consequently, many innovations in structural systems have emerged. This paper presents a retrospective survey of the main structural systems for tall buildings with emphasis on the advancements of recent, emerging, and potentially emerging systems. A structural systems chart that was previously developed by the authors has been updated in this paper to recognize, categorize and add the more recent structural systems. Recent trends of tubular structural systems in modified forms including the braced megatubes and diagrids are presented. Core-outrigger structural systems are discussed with emphasis on their adaptability. The potential of employing superframes for stand-alone and conjoined megatall buildings is predicted. As a means to solve today’s various project-specific complex design requirements, different mixed structural systems for supertall and megatall buildings are presented. This paper also discusses the widespread application of composite structural systems and recent trends of concrete cores for contemporary tall buildings. Finally, the future of tall buildings is predicted as the race for height continues. Keywords: tall buildings; supertalls; megatalls; structural systems charts; interior structures; exterior structures; core-outriggers; tubular systems; braced megatubes; diagrids; superframes; conjoined towers; buttressed cores; combined and mixed systems; composite structures; concrete cores; height races 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Leslie, Chicago's Other Skyscrapers
    Chicago’s Other Skyscrapers Journal of Urban History, May, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144220925446 Chicago’s Other Skyscrapers: Grain Elevators and the City, 1838-1957. “The designing and construction of grain storage buildings, commonly known as ‘elevators,’ is now undergoing a change as radical as that which created the modern ‘sky-scraper’ a few years ago, and for precisely the same reason, that something more durable and efficient is desired.” --Jas. MacDonald, MWSE. “Fireproof Grain Elevator Construction.” Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, Vol. VII, No. 1. January, 1902. 36. Introduction The 1882 Montauk Block was heralded as the beginning of Chicago’s skyscraper age but, at 130 feet, it was just the eighth tallest building in the city at the time.1 (Figure 01) While Dearborn, La Salle, and Michigan Avenue would become the city’s “skyscraper districts” over the next century, in the 1880s the Chicago River was the city’s true high-rise canyon. Grain elevators that buffered the flow of agricultural wealth from the west into eastbound lake and rail systems, and that rose to more than 140 feet, were the city’s tallest buildings through the 1880s. Inland Architect stated in 1896 that “the first ‘sky-scraper’ was a grain elevator,” the Chicago Tribune noted in 1895 that the city’s elevators still ‘rival[ed] many of the down-town skyscrapers in height,’ and two years later it listed the city’s “Great Grain Elevators” alongside high-rises as “the Seven Wonders of the City.”2 They mapped the city’s changing infrastructure and the region’s changing economic geography, represented evolving practices in building and mechanical engineering, and their concentration and leveraging of the Midwest’s agricultural wealth meant that they played a crucial role in the evolution of commodities markets in the city and throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.0 Design Trends in Ohio, 1940-1970
    4.0 DESIGN TRENDS IN OHIO, 1940-1970 This section focuses on recent past architectural resources found within the different regions of Ohio. Preservationists have debated ways to differentiate between architectural style and resource type when categorizing resources of the recent past (1940-1970). This historic context attempts to clarify methods for doing so. Additionally, the discussion focuses on the construction methods and materials of the recent past, as this period is distinguished by rapid innovations and adoption of new approaches. Because housing comprised a substantial portion of recent past design trends, suburban residential land development practices are discussed as well, along with the landscape design methods typically used in suburban neighborhoods. Throughout, some of Ohio’s major architects, planners, and developers are described, along with representative examples of landmark buildings and developments. Gray & Pape identified more than one thousand buildings constructed between 1945 and 1970 in Ohio. Consequently, the following discussion provides only an overview of the resource types, architectural styles, and architects, developers, and planners important to Ohio’s recent past built environment. Listings of properties identified by Gray & Pape are in Appendices C, D, and E. In Appendix C, Gray & Pape provides a list of 1,004 architects and/or architect-designed Ohio resources from the recent past (ca. 1940-1970) that were identified during the course of the current project. The list is far from comprehensive but offers a foundation for future research efforts. Appendix D is a compilation of 256 recent past architectural resources that Gray & Pape found listed in local architectural guides and inventories, included on various Internet sites, and identified by way of this project’s online survey.
    [Show full text]