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Sikh Religion and Women

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Sikh Religion and Women Sikh Religion and Women Respect those who endure great pain and give birth to Kings, Saints and the whole human race. First Edition 2006 1000 copies G.S.Sidhu M.A Publisher:…………… 1 Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ 5 OPINIONS........................................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 11 FOREWORD ................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................ 15 WOMEN IN SOCIAL HISTORY ........................................................................ 15 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................... 21 WOMEN IN ISLAM ........................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER THREE....................................................................................... 29 WOMEN IN CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM ..................................................... 29 (a) Judaism......................................................................................... 30 (b) Christianity ....................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER FOUR.......................................................................................... 38 WOMEN IN HINDUISM,BUDDHISM, AND JAINISM ........................................ 38 4.1 Women in Vedic Period.................................................................... 38 4.2 Post-Vedic period ............................................................................. 40 4.3 Medieval Times................................................................................. 48 4.4 Modern Times................................................................................... 49 4.5 Dev Dasis ......................................................................................... 50 4.6 Buddhism.......................................................................................... 51 4.7 Sidh Naths ........................................................................................ 53 4.8 Jainism ............................................................................................. 55 4.9 Shaivas and Vaishnavas ................................................................... 56 4.10 Influence of Hinduism on the Panjab ............................................. 57 CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................... 60 WOMAN IN SIKH RELIGION AND HISTORY.................................................... 60 5.1 Female morality of the time.............................................................. 60 5.2 Contribution of the Sikh Gurus......................................................... 61 5.3 Family life ........................................................................................ 65 5.4 Celibacy............................................................................................ 72 5.5 Purdah (veil) .................................................................................... 73 5.6 Sati.................................................................................................... 74 2 5.7 Sutak/ Patak...................................................................................... 76 5.8 Spiritual/ social discrimination ........................................................ 76 5.9 Gender differences ........................................................................... 77 5.10 Discrimination in Education .......................................................... 79 5.11 Molestation of women/ shielding unprotected women.................... 80 5.12 Re-marriage of widows................................................................... 82 5.13 Right of Opinion ............................................................................. 82 5.14 Female infanticide.......................................................................... 83 5.15 Dev Dasis ....................................................................................... 84 5.16 Varat (fasting) ................................................................................ 84 5.17 Liberated Women ........................................................................... 86 CHAPTER SIX .............................................................................................. 88 THE WESTERN SCENE .................................................................................. 88 6.1 Western marriages ........................................................................... 90 6.2 Divorce in the West .......................................................................... 93 6.3 Social Trends in Western morality ................................................... 94 6.4 Honour Killing ................................................................................. 95 CHAPTER SEVEN........................................................................................ 97 CONTRIBUTIONS OF SIKH WOMEN................................................................ 97 7.1 Women in Sikh History ..................................................................... 97 7.2 Women in Sikh Politics................................................................... 100 CHAPTER EIGHT...................................................................................... 102 SPIRITUAL SIKH WOMEN ............................................................................ 102 8.1 Bibi Nanaki (1464-1518 AD).......................................................... 102 8.2 Bibi Basant Kaur............................................................................ 103 8.3 Mata Khivi...................................................................................... 103 8.4 Bibi Amro ....................................................................................... 104 8.5 Bibi Bhani Ji................................................................................... 105 8.6 Bibi Viro Ji ..................................................................................... 106 8.7 Mata Sahib Kaur (1681-1747 AD) ................................................. 107 8.8 Mata Gujri (1619-1704 AD)........................................................... 110 8.9 Mata Sundri.................................................................................... 111 8.10 Mai Bhatti..................................................................................... 114 8.11 Mai Bhagbhari ............................................................................. 114 8.12 Bibi Raj Kaur................................................................................ 115 8.13 Bibi Roop Kaur............................................................................. 115 8.14 Bibi Pardhan Kaur Kaur.............................................................. 116 8.15 Bibi Bhan Kaur Chhiniwal ........................................................... 117 8.16 Meer Mannu’s (1748-1753 AD) Atrocities................................... 118 8.17 Torture camps in Malwa .............................................................. 120 CHAPTER NINE......................................................................................... 122 3 POLITICIAN AND FIGHTER SIKH WOMEN ...................................... 122 9.1 Maharani Fatto (Fateh Kaur) ........................................................ 125 9.2 Bibi Rajinder Kaur ......................................................................... 127 9.3 Bibi Sahib Kaur.............................................................................. 128 9.4 Mai Bhago (Bhag Kaur)................................................................. 133 9.5 Bibi Sharan Kaur 1......................................................................... 136 9.6 Bibi Sharan Kaur 2......................................................................... 137 9.7 Bibi Deep Kaur............................................................................... 138 9.8 Bibi Dharam Kaur.......................................................................... 138 9.9 Bibi Maan Kaur.............................................................................. 139 9.10 Mata Kishan Kaur ........................................................................ 139 9.11 Bibi Maan Kaur (Rameana) and Bibi Balbir Kaur ...................... 142 9.12 Sada Kaur (1762-1832AD)........................................................... 143 9.13 Maharani Jind Kaur..................................................................... 145 9.14 Struggle for independence............................................................ 148 CHAPTER TEN........................................................................................... 149 MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE.......................................................................... 149 10.1 What the Sikh Gurus inherited...................................................... 149 10.2 What the Sikh Gurus left............................................................... 151 10.3 Arranged marriages ..................................................................... 153 10.4 Sikhism and Violence.................................................................... 154
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