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WCPTOC2.CHP:Corel VENTURA

WCPTOC2.CHP:Corel VENTURA

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Squalidae 1223

Centrophorus atromarginatus Garman, 1913 En - Blackfin gulper . Maximum total length at least 87 cm. A little-known deep-water dogfish, often confused with granulosus, from the upper continental slopes from 183 to at least 450 m. Probably taken in bottom trawls. Described from (Suruga Gulf); also known from Province of China, northern Papua New Guinea, and the Gulf of Aden.

Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) En -Gulpershark;Fr - Squale-chagrin commun; Sp - Quelvacho. Maximum total length at least 96 cm. On the outer continental shelves and slopes near the bottom in depths from 100 to 1 200 m. Feeds mainly on bony fishes. Mode of utilization and fishing gear uncertain. Western North Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico), eastern Atlantic from to South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, western (South Africa, Mozambique, and Aldabra Islands) and the western Pacific from Japan, Papua New Guinea, and tropical .

Centrophorus moluccensis Bleeker, 1860 En - Smallfin gulper shark; Fr - Squale-chagrin cagaou; Sp - Quelvacho de aleta corta. Maximum total length about 1 m. On the outer continental shelves and upper slopes at depths from 130 to 820 m. Bottom-dwelling; feeds primarily on bony fishes, as well as other dogfish , , and shrimps. Probably taken in bottom trawls; utilized at least for fishmeal. Western Indian Ocean from South Africa to Mozambique, India, and western Pacific from Japan to (Amboina), the , New Caledonia, and Australia. 1224 Sharks

Centrophorus niaukang Teng, 1959 En - Taiwan gulper shark; Fr - Squale-chagrin quelvacho; Sp - Quelvacho chino. Maximum total length at least 1.6 m, probably the largest gulper shark. On the outer continental shelves and upper slopes at depths from 250 to 720 m and probably deeper. Bottom-dwelling; little known. Taken in bottom trawls and on deep-set longlines; utilized for fishmeal and for human consumption. North Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean from South Africa and Mozambique, possibly the Maldives, and western Pacific from Japan, South China Sea in the northwestern part of the area, and probably Australia. Often confused with Centrophorus granulosus and C. lusitani- cus.

Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) En - ; Fr - Squale-chagrin de l’Atlantique; Sp - Quelvacho negro. Maximum total length about 1.6 m. On the continental slopes at depths from 230 to 2 400 m near the bottom, also pelagically in the upper 1 250 m of water 4 000 m deep. Caught with bottom trawls, line gear, and fixed bottom nets; dried and salted for human consumption, also used for fishmeal. Eastern Atlantic from Iceland to South Africa, western Indian Ocean (South Africa, Aldabra Islands) and western Pacific from Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, and southeastern Australia.

Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka, 1912 En - ; Fr - Squale moustache; Sp - Tollo mandarín. Maximum total length about 1.26 m. On or near the bottom of the uppermost continental and insular slopes, and probably the outer continental-insular shelves at depths of 146 to 640 m. Probably feeds mostly on bottom fishes and some invertebrates. High in squalene oil, but at present not utilized commercially. Western Pacific from Japan, Torres Island, New Zealand, and Australia (New South Wales). 1225

Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) En - ; Fr - Squale liche; Sp -Carocho. Maximum total length least 1.6 m. Occurs on the bottom and in the midwater of the outer continental and insular shelves from depths of 40 to 1 800 m. Feeds on bony fish, as well as sharks, skates, cephalopods, and .Caught for its squalene-rich liver, leather and meat, also for fishmeal. Western Atlantic (Georges Bank and Gulf of Mexico), eastern Atlantic from Scotland to Cameroon, the Mediterranean, western Indian Ocean (southern Africa), and western and Central Pacific from Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii.

Deania profundorum (Smith and Radcliffe, 1912) En - Arrowhead dogfish; Fr - Squale-savate lutin; Sp - Tollo flecha. Maximum total length about 76 cm. On the upper continental and insular slopes, found on or near the bottom at depths from 280 to 1 790 m. Feeds on small bony fishes, including , , and crustaceans. Interest to unknown. Western North Atlantic (North Carolina), eastern Atlantic from West Sahara to Namibia, western Indian Ocean from South Africa and the western Pacific (Philippines).

Deania quadrispinosa (McCulloch, 1915) En - Longsnout dogfish; Fr - Squale-savate à long nez; Sp - Tollo trompalarga. Maximum total length about 1.15 m. On the outer continental shelves and upper slopes at depths of 150 to 820 m, mostly below 400 m. Feeds on small bony fishes. Taken in bottom trawls, but with minor importance to fisheries. Southern Africa from Namibia to Mozambique, western Pacific off western and southern Australia, and New Zealand. 1226 Sharks

Etmopterus brachyurus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912 En - Shorttail lanternshark; Fr - Sagre porte-feu à queue courte; Sp - Tollo lucero mocho. Maximum total length about 50 cm. Occurs on or near the bottom at depths of 400 to 610 m. Without interest to fisheries at present. Japan, the Philippines, and probably elsewhere in the western Pacific. Records from southern Africa possibly based on other . Often confused with molleri and E. lucifer.

(after Last and Stevens, 1994)

Etmopterus lucifer Jordan and Snyder, 1902 En - Blackbelly lanternshark; Fr - Sagre lucifer; Sp - Tollo lucero diablo. Maximum total length about 47 cm. On the outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes on or near the bottom, at depths of 183 to 1 000 m.Feeds mostly on and small bony fishes, including lanternfish, and also shrimps. Interest to fisheries unknown at present. South Atlantic from Uruguay, , and possibly Namibia, also southern Africa and the western Pacific from Japan, New Caledonia, southern Australia, and New Zealand. Some records probably based on Etmopterus molleri and E. brachyurus.

Etmopterus molleri Whitley, 1939 En - Slendertail lanternshark. Maximum total length about 46 cm. Probably demersal on the upper continental slope in depths of about 250 to 480 m. Only recently recognized as distinct from Etmopterus lucifer. Biology and distribution poorly known. Without interest to fisheries. Known from Japan, eastern Australia, and New Zealand.

(after Last and Stevens, 1994) Squalidae 1227

Etmopterus splendidus Yano, 1988 En - Splendid lanternshark. Maximum total length about 30 cm. Probably demersal on the outer continental shelves and upper slopes at depths of 120 to 210 m. Biology little known, feeds on squid. Known from Japan, Taiwan Province of China, Java, and possibly northwestern Australia if Etmopterus sp. C [Last and Stevens, 1994] is identical to it.

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Etmopterus sp. D [Last and Stevens, 1994] En - Pink lanternshark. Maximum total length at least 41 cm. Occurs near the bottom on the upper continental slope in depths of 800 to 880 m. Biology and distribution almost unknown. Without interest to fisheries at present. So far recorded only from off Cairns, northern Queensland.

(after Last and Stevens, 1994)

Etmopterus sp. F [Last and Stevens, 1994] En - Lined lanternshark. Maximum total length at least 45 cm. On or near the bottom of the upper continental slope at depths of 590 to 700 m. Its biology is poorly known. The few known specimens were collected off northern Queensland between Cairns and Rockhampton. Interest to fisheries unknown.

(after Last and Stevens, 1994) 1228 Sharks

Euprotomicrus bispinatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) En - ; Fr - Squale pygmée; Sp - Tollo pigmeo. Maximum total length about 27 cm. Occurs at or near the surface at night and apparently descends to below 400 m (possibly as deep as 1 800 m) during the day. Feeds on squid, bony fishes, and crustaceans. Without interest to fisheries. Oceanic and circumglobal in the tropical and temperate oceans. ?

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Isistius brasiliensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) En - ; Fr - Squalelet féroce; Sp - Tollo cigarro. Maximum total length about 50 cm. Makes diurnal vertical migrations probably from below 1 000 m in the day to or near the surface at night. Feeds on free-living deep-water prey, but is also a facultative ectoparasite on larger marine organisms. Minor importance to fisheries in the area. Widespread oceanic in temperate and tropical oceans.

Scymnodon squamulosus (Günther, 1877) En - ; Fr - Squale-grogneur velouté; Sp - Bruja terciopelo. Maximum total length at least 84 cm. Demersal or pelagic near continental slopes and seamounts in depths of 550 to 2 000 m. Without interest to fisheries. Western Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico, Surinam, ), eastern Atlantic from Iceland to Senegal, southern Africa and the western Pacific from Japan, South China Sea, Australia, and New Zealand. Squalidae 1229

Squaliolus aliae Teng, 1959 En - Smalleye pigmy shark. Maximum total length about 22 cm.Together with the following species possibly the smallest living shark. Epipelagic or mesopelagic near continental and island land masses; makes diurnal migrations probably from within 200 m of the surface at night down to about 2 000 m during the day. Feeds on cephalopods and small bony fish. Without interest to fisheries. Western Pacific from Japan to Australia.

(after Last and Stevens, 1994)

Squaliolus laticaudus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912 En - ; Fr - Squale nain; Sp - Tollo pigmeo espinudo. Maximum total length about 25 cm. Epipelagic near continental and island land masses, usually over the slopes at depths of 200 to 500 m. Feeds on deep-water squid and bony fish. Without interest to fisheries. Oceanic and nearly circumtropical.

Squalus japonicus Ishikawa, 1908 En - Japanese ; Fr - Aiguillat togari; Sp - Galludo japones. Maximum total length about 91 cm. On the outer continental and insular shelves and uppermost slopes at depths of 150 to 300 m, presumably on or near bottom. Interest to fisheries unknown. Southeastern Japan to the East China Sea, including Korea and the Philippines. 1230 Sharks

Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881) En - ; Fr - Aiquillat nez court; Sp - Galludo ñato. Maximum total length about 71 cm. On the outer continental shelves and slopes on or near the bottom at depths of 50 to 730 m. Schooling; feeds on bony fish, also on cephalopods, crustaceans and other elasmobranchs. Taken in bottom trawls, and by hook-and-line (sports catches); consumed fresh, dried salted, or smoked. Eastern Atlantic from Guinea to South Africa, in the Pacific from South Africa to Mozambique, from Japan to (possibly) Viet Nam and off Australia, and possibly New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Possibly a species complex. Western North Pacific representatives often recognized as Squalus brevirostris.

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Squalus melanurus Fourmanoir and Rivaton, 1979 En - Blacktailed spurdog; Fr - Aiguillat à queue noire; Sp - Galludo cola negra. Maximum total length 75 cm (adult females). Occurs on the insular slopes of New Caledonia, at depths of 320 to 340 m. Feeds on , boarfishes, barracudinas, and flatheads. Without interest to fisheries at present. Known only from New Caledonia, from the Ad and Bulari passes.

Squalus mitsukurii Jordan and Snyder, 1903 En - ; Fr - Aiguillat épinette; Sp - Galludo espinilla. Maximum total length about 1.1 m; commonly to about 76 cm. On the continental and insular slopes and shelves and upper slopes at depths from 50 to 740 m. Feeds on bony fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Caught in bottom trawls, but without importance to fisheries in the area. Considered to be widely distributed in temperate and subtropical parts of most oceans but possibly consisting of a species complex. Squalidae 1231

Squalus rancureli Fourmanoir and Rivanton, 1979 En - Cyrano spurdog; Fr - Aiguillat cyrano; Sp - Galludo cirann. Maximum total length at least 77 cm. Occurs on the insular slopes of Vanuatu, at depths of 320 and 400 m. Without interest to fisheries at present. Known only from the vicinity of Vate, Vanuatu.

Squalus sp. A [Last and Stevens, 1994] En - Bartail spurdog. Maximum total length at least 62 cm. Known only from a few specimens collected off Queensland between Cairns and Rockhampton in 220 to 450 m. Interest to fisheries unknown.

(after Last and Stevens, 1994)

Squalus sp. B [Last and Stevens, 1994] En - Eastern highfin spurdog. Maximum total length at least 65 cm.On the upper continental slopes in depths to 240 to 450 cm.Biology almost entirely unknown. Interest to fisheries unknown. Eastern Australia from the Queensland Plateau to Byron Bay. A similar and probably identical spurdog occurs off northern Papua New Guinea. 1232 Sharks

Squalus sp. F [Last and Stevens, 1994] En - Eastern . Maximum total length about 64 cm. On the continental slope off Queensland between Cape York and Rockhampton in depths from 220 to 500 m. A similar small, long-nosed spurdog occurs off north and eastern Luzon, Philippines, from coastal waters less than a depth of 40 m to 385 m. Interest to fisheries limited. The Philippines spurdog is fished locally.

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