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Longitudinal Descriptive Profile of Collegiate Pitchers Participating in a Summer Baseball League

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Longitudinal Descriptive Profile of Collegiate Pitchers Participating in a Summer Baseball League University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion Kinesiology and Health Promotion 2019 LONGITUDINAL DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF COLLEGIATE PITCHERS PARTICIPATING IN A SUMMER BASEBALL LEAGUE Isabelle Leslie Gillis University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2019.452 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Gillis, Isabelle Leslie, "LONGITUDINAL DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF COLLEGIATE PITCHERS PARTICIPATING IN A SUMMER BASEBALL LEAGUE" (2019). Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion. 67. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/67 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Kinesiology and Health Promotion at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Isabelle Leslie Gillis, Student Dr. Mark Abel, Major Professor Dr. Melinda Ickes, Director of Graduate Studies LONGITUDINAL DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF COLLEGIATE PITCHERS PARTICIPATING IN A SUMMER BASEBALL LEAGUE ________________________________________ THESIS ________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the College of Education at the University of Kentucky By Isabelle Leslie Gillis Lexington, Kentucky Dr. Mark Abel, Associate Professor of Kinesiology and Health Promotion Lexington, Kentucky 2019 Copyright © Isabelle Leslie Gillis 2019 i ABSTRACT OF THESIS LONGITUDINAL DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF COLLEGIATE PITCHERS PARTICIPATING IN A SUMMER BASEBALL LEAGUE The purpose of this study was to provide a longitudinal profile of pitching performance in a cohort of pitchers over two collegiate seasons and a summer league. Thus, this study utilized a longitudinal design to evaluate the impact of summer league participation on subsequent collegiate regular season pitching performance. Specifically, the performance of a cohort of Division 1 collegiate baseball pitchers during the 2018 Spring collegiate season, 2018 Summer League season, and the 2019 Spring collegiate season was evaluated and stratified by pitcher designation, arm dominance, and academic status. Analyses of variance were used to identify main and interaction effects on pitching outcomes. The level of statistical significance was set at p < .05 for all analyses. Data were publicly accessed from thirty-seven Division I collegiate baseball pitchers who participated in a summer baseball league. Collectively, all pitchers significantly improved earned run average (p = .024), number of strikeouts (p = .011), and strikeout efficiency (p = .034) from 2018 to 2019 collegiate seasons. Whereas, starting pitchers (n = 15) yielded fewer earned runs (p = .039) and enhanced hit efficiency (p = .012) from 2018 to 2019 collegiate seasons. Relief pitchers (n = 16) produced significantly more strikeouts from 2018 to 2019 collegiate seasons (p = .012). Finally, there were no differences in pitching outcomes for closers (n = 6) over time (p > .05). Regarding arm dominance, right-handed pitchers (n = 23) improved win average (p = .001), strikeouts (p = .008) and strikeout efficiency (p = .031) from 2018 to 2019 collegiate seasons. Left-handed pitchers (n = 14) significantly improved earned run average (p = .015), earned runs (p = .048), and hit efficiency (p = .014). Regarding academic stratification, the freshman to sophomore cohort (n = 15) significantly improved number of pitches (p = .018), innings pitched (p = .019), hits (p = .029), and strikeouts (p = .003). Whereas, the sophomore to junior cohort (n = 21) significantly improved losses (p = .042) and hit efficiency (p =.028). The findings from this study indicate that participation in a summer baseball league may have improved several critical pitching metrics with implications to enhance team performance. KEYWORDS: collegiate pitchers, summer baseball, baseball, athletics Isabelle Leslie Gillis (Name of Student) 12/02/2019 Date LONGITUDINAL DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF COLLEGIATE PITCHERS PARTICIPATING IN A SUMMER BASEBALL LEAGUE By Isabelle Leslie Gillis Dr. Mark Abel Director of Thesis Dr. Melinda Ickes Director of Graduate Studies 12/02/2019 Date ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank first and foremost my thesis committee, Dr. Abel, Dr. Bergstrom, and Dr. Morris for taking me on and helping me throughout this entire process. I’d also like to thank my parents, friends, and family, for supporting me throughout my master’s degree program, and my thesis work. Without the help of Keirce Kimbel and Phil DePase of Kentucky Baseball, and Tori Lomaka of CATS, most of the college information, and NCAA Bylaws would not have been included. Furthermore, I would like to thank Donny Gress who helped me gather information from the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL), especially from the Harwich Mariners during the Summer of 2018. I would also like to thank the Jim Lawler and the rest of Wareham Gatemen’s coaches, and management for taking me on as an intern, and helping me gather information on pitchers and teams throughout the CCBL during the Summer of 2018. Finally, to my Grandma, thank you for introducing baseball to me, and making me fall in love with it. This is for you. To all of you, I would like to say, “thank you”. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES ..........................................................................................................................................vi CHAP TER I ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Delimitations ............................................................................................................................................... .2 Definitions. .................................................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER II .................................................................................................................................................... 5 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 5 TYPES OF PITCHERS ...................................................................................................................................... ..5 On Field Performance Variables......................... ........................................................................................... 6 Injuries ...................................................................................................................................................... ...12 CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................................................. 19 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 Experimental Approach to the Problem .................................................................................................... 19 Subjects ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 Procedures: ..............................................................................................................................................
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