DOCSLIB.ORG

Hungarian Studies Review Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hungarian Studies Review Vol HSK. Hungarian Studies Review Vol. XXVIII, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2001) Special Volume: Hungary: 1001-2001 A Millennial Retrospection Essays on thousand years of Hungarian history and Hungarian survival by: Laszlo Veszpremy, Zoltan Kosztolnyik, Geza Palffy, Janos Barta, Peter Pastor, and Bela Bodo with an introduction and a postscript by: N. F. Dreisziger HUNGARIAN STUDIES REVIEW HUNGARIAN STUDIES NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA SZECHENYI LIBRARY VOL. 28, NOS. 1-2 (SPRING-FALL 2001) EDITORS GEORGE BISZTRAY N.F. DREISZIGER University of Toronto Royal Military College of Canada EDITORIAL ADVISERS OLIVER BOTAR GEZA JESZENSZKY University of Manitoba Budapest and Washington ILONA KOVACS MARIA KRISZTINKOVICH National Szechenyi Library Vancouver, B.C. BARNABAS A. RACZ ISTVAN MONOK Eastern Michigan U. National Szechenyi Library AGATHA SCHWARTZ THOMAS SAKMYSTER University of Ottawa University of Cincinnati THOMAS SPIRA S.B. VARDY U.P.E.I. Duquesne University SUBSCRIPTIONS MANAGER EVA TOMORY Toronto Correspondence should be addressed to: The Editors, Hungarian Studies Review, University of Toronto, 1 Spadina Cres. Rm. 104, Toronto, ON Canada M5S 1A1 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Articles appearing in the HSR are indexed in: HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and, AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. Copyright © (2001) the Hungarian Studies Review. ISSN 0713-8083 (replacing 0317-204X) The Hungarian Studies Review is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the publication of articles and book reviews relating to Hungary and Hungarians. Since its launching in 1974, the Review has been a forum for the scholarly discussion of issues in Hungarian history, politics and cultural affairs. Subscriptions are $12.00 per annum. Membership in the Hungarian Studies Association of Canada includes a subscription to the journal. For further informa- tion, visit our web-pages: www.hungarianstudies.org and www.ccsp.sfu.ca/calj.hsr Statements and opinions expressed in the HSR are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal's editors. Desk-top typesetting by N.F. Dreisziger. Printed^ in Hungary. Distributed by the National Szechenyi Library: Budavari Palota, F Eptilet, 1827 Budapest, Hungary. Special Volume: Hungary 1001-2001: A Millennial Retrospection Essays on thousand years of Hungarian history and Hungarian survival by: Laszlo Veszpremy, Zoltan Kosztolnyik, Geza Palffy, Janos Barta, Peter Pastor, and Bela Bodo with an introduction and a postscript by N. F. Dreisziger Forthcoming in out next volume: (vol. XXIX, spring-fall 2002) Women and Hungary Part II edited by Agatha Schwartz Essays in Twentieth Century Politics, Education, History and Literature by Katalin Fabian Andrea Peto s Agnes Huszar Vardy Maria Palasik Agatha Schwartz and Lee Congdon (plus book reviews) CONTENTS Thousand Years of Hungarian Survival: An Introduction 1 Medieval Hungary 4 The Ottoman Era 8 The Habsburg Era 14 The First World War and the Treaty of Trianon 28 The Second World War and its Aftermath 36 The Threat of Demographic Decline 46 Notes 55 N. F. DREISZIGER Hungary's Conversion to Christianity: The Establishment of Hungarian Statehood and its Consequences to the Thirteenth Century 73 Consequences 80 Conclusions 85 Notes 88 LASZLO VESZPREMY Dynastic Intrigues and Domestic Realities during the Reigns of Andrew I and Bela I 93 The Reign of Andrew I 95 The Reign of Bela I 100 Conclusions 102 Notes (and a note on sources) 103 Z. J. KOSZTOLNYIK The Impact of the Ottoman Rule on Hungary 109 The Consequences of the Battle at Mohacs 110 Hungary as a Battleground: The Impact of Warfare .... 112 Economic and Other Losses 119 Changes in the Demographic and Ethnic Map 121 Hungary and Europe 124 Notes 125 GEZA PALFFY Contents (continued) Habsburg Rule in Hungary in the Eighteenth Century 133 Conditions in Post-Ottoman Hungary 136 Recovery from Ottoman Rule 138 Hardships of Life in 18lh Century Hungary 141 Habsburg Policies Promoting Progress 142 Habsburg Policies Causing Conflict 148 Hungary's Return to Europe 157 Notes 158 JANOS BARTA Hungary in World War I: The End of Historic Hungary 163 Miscalculations and Disasters 166 The War's Impact on Hungary 169 Defeat and its Consequences 177 Notes 178 PETER PASTOR Progress or National Suicide: the Single-Child Family in Hungarian Political Thought, 1840-1945 185 The Controversy over Contraception before 1914 186 The Egyke Debate between the Wars 187 The Egyke in Modern Scientific Discourse 195 The Source of the Egyke as a Cultural Concept 197 The Debate's Outcome 202 Notes ; 204 BELA BODO Hungarian Survival — in Hungary and Beyond the Borders: A Postscript 209 Survival in the Neighbouring States 210 Survival in the Diaspora 222 Survival in Hungary: Conclusions 227 Notes 230 N. F. DREISZIGER Our Contributors 237 Preface Historians usually date the existence of the Christian Kingdom of Hungary from the coronation of Stephen I a millennium ago. Because it is not certain whether this event took place in the year 1000 or 1001 (some medieval chronicles give Christmas of 1000 as the date, while others refer to January of 1001) we feel that we have the perfect excuse to celebrate this anniversary in both 2000 and 2001. Our commemorative activities in 2000 consisted of two feats. One was the publication of another special volume of our journal (vol. XXVII). It had the title Thousand Years of Hungarian Thought and offered translations into English of the writings of two dozen of Hun- gary's prominent statesmen and thinkers, starting with King Stephen I and ending with several prominent twentieth-century figures. The other event that we had undertaken was the organization of a conference: "Hungary Through the Centuries: A Millennial Retrospection." The meeting was held on September 22-23 at the University of Toronto, on the campus of St. Michael's College. Several dozen scholars were in attendance as paper- givers and session chairmen. The former came from Hungary, Canada, the United States and elsewhere, while the latter Were mainly from among the faculty and administration of the host university. The papers presented at the conference dealt with the evolution of Hungary from the late tenth century to the present. The conference was a part of the commemorative celebrations, organized by the Hungarian community of Toronto, of the 1000 years of Hungarian statehood. In the year 2001 we continue our celebration of the millennium of the birth of the Hungarian state. We do this by publishing a selection of papers from this conference. Our original plan had been the publication of the conference's unabridged proceedings; however, pressures of time, limi- tations on our resources, and the unavailability of some of the manu- scripts, prompted us to abandon our initial intentions in favour of publish- ing a selection of papers, all dealing with or touching on the theme of the survival of the Hungarian state, and even the Hungarian nation, through the second millennium of historical times. It is our hope that more of the papers given at the conference, including those not yet submitted and those on which rewriting and translation work has not been completed, can be published by us in our journal in the not too distant future. In the commemorative activities of the Hungarian Studies Review throughout 2000 and 2001 there had been a sometimes calculated and sometimes improvised division of labour between the journal's editors. The year 2000 volume was the result of many years of work by George Bisztray and his students in the University of Toronto's Hungarian studies program, while Nandor Dreisziger's input was confined largely to the preparation of a camera-ready copy. In making the 2000 gathering a reality, most of the myriad tasks of conference organizing and local arrangements were the lot of the Toronto-based member of the team, while the task of writing an introduction and a postscript, and the editing (sometimes the re-translating) of the manuscripts fell on the shoulders of the historian member of the team. A great many other people and several institutions also contrib- uted to the success of our commemorative ventures. The conference in Toronto had several sponsors and official supporters: the Ministry of External Affairs of Hungary, the National Canadian Conference Commit- tee and the Canadian-Hungarian Heritage Association; and, at the Univer- sity of Toronto, the Connaught Committee of the Faculty of Arts and Science, the School of Graduate Studies, the Department of History, the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, the Centre for Russian and East European Studies, and the European Studies Program. Dr. Sandor Szakaly, of the Institute of Military History in Budapest at the time, acted as one of the academic advisers and counselled on the selec- tion of participants from Hungary, while Mrs. Eva Tomory of Toronto's Hungarian Studies Program, helped with local arrangements. Still others, too numerous to mention, offered encouragement, gave their time and energies to the organizing of the larger community celebrations in Toron- to, or assisted with the many mundane tasks of making a gathering of scholars successful. George Bisztray Nandor Dreisziger Thousand Years of Hungarian Survival: An Introduction N. F. Dreisziger The perpetual struggle for room and food. Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) If the history of mankind is an unending quest by nations for territory and sustenance then it is inevitable that in this contest there would be winners and losers.1 Anyone who looks at an atlas of the world produced generations ago will find countries that cannot be located on today's maps. A map of Central Europe, for example, printed in the early nine- teenth century, is hardly recognizable to a person today who is not familiar with the region's history. The changes do not suggest that the political entities that exist on the old map and cannot be found on the new one have all disappeared.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Zsuzsanna Ajtony [email protected]
    Zsuzsanna Ajtony [email protected] Imagology – National Images and Stereotypes in Literature and Culture (Manfred Beller, Joep Leerssen (eds.) Imagology. The Cultural Construction and Literary Representation of National Characters. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007) Stereotyping is a natural ordering function of the human and social mind. Stereotypes make reality easier to deal with because they simplify the complexities that make people unique, and this simplification reflects important beliefs and values as well. People have a rich variety of beliefs about typical members of groups including beliefs about traits, behaviours and values of a typical group member. Social identity theory (Tajfel 1978) considers that our relation to the different social or ethnic categories is inherently asymmetrical. Categorizing people according to their ethnic or national affiliation affects the judgment of their features. The ethnic group we belong to is experienced to be “ingroup biased”, continuously being overestimated as opposed to the outgroup. This asymmetrical relation leads to the emergence of national or ethnic stereotypes. As a result, it is an old and widespread tendency that different societies, races or “nations” are endowed with certain features or even characters. It seems that different people’s relationship to other cultures is characterised by ethnocentrism, i.e. anything that is different from one’s own patterns, is considered to be “other”, strange, anomalous or unique. In several languages, the critical analysis of national stereotypes that appear in literature and in other forms of cultural representation is called imagology or image studies. This technical neologism indicates a relatively novel domain of science that studies the national stereotypes as presented in literature and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Dél-Dunántúli Hadtörténetírás
    1. évfolyam 2020. 1. szám DÉL-DUNÁNTÚLI HADTÖRTÉNETÍRÁS AZ MTA PAB HADTÖRTÉNETI MUNKABIZOTTSÁGÁNAK KÖZLEMÉNYEI LEKTORÁLT TUDOMÁNYOS TÖRTÉNELMI FOLYÓIRAT A kiadványt szerkesztette: Bene Krisztán és Végh Ferenc Pécs 2021 A Szerkesztőbizottság elnöke: Varga J. János Szerkesztőbizottság: Balla Tibor Fischer Ferenc Hermann Róbert Veszprémy László Visy Zsolt A tanulmányok lektorai azok közlésének sorrendjében: Oborni Teréz, Varga Szabolcs, Lenkefi Ferenc, Balla Tibor, Bene Krisztián, Bagi Zoltán Péter, Végh Ferenc, Nagy-L. István, Bartha Ákos Idegen nyelvi lektor: Madarász Fanni A borítót tervezte: Lippai Attila A tanulmányokban közzétett képek jogtisztaságáért a Szerzők felelnek. Kiadja a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Pécsi Akadémiai Bizottság Hadtörténeti Munkabizottsága. Felelős kiadó: Végh Ferenc © Szerzők és szerkesztők Nyomdai munkálatok: Kontraszt Plusz Kft. Pécs, 2021 ISSN 2786-0639 TARTALOM Beköszöntő 7 Tanulmányok TÓTH ÁKOS: Perényi Gábor politikai és katonai pályafutása (1532–1567) 11 KONKOLY SÁNDOR: A Mohácsi-sziget mint földrajzi tér a tö- rökellenes hadjáratokban 37 NAGY–LUTTENBERGER ISTVÁN: Szerbek a császári-királyi had- sereg tábornoki karában, 1787–1815 65 FERWAGNER PÉTER ÁKOS: Magyar katonák Palesztinában, 1916– 1918 85 VÉGSŐ ISTVÁN: „A honvéd vállára vette kerékpárját”. A Balogh Ádám kerékpáros zászlóalj sorsa 1945-ig 103 Közlemények VÉGH FERENC: Küzdelem földön és vízen. A tizenötéves háború elfeledett balatoni hadművelete (1603) 125 VARGA J. JÁNOS: A dunai flotta és az 1599. évi tolnai csata 143 LÁZÁR BALÁZS: Ottomán hadifoglyok
    [Show full text]
  • Letters from Turkey
    LETTERS FROM TURKEY Letters from Turkey, considered the best Hun,garian prose of the eighteenth century, is written by Kelemen Mikes, a Transylvanian nobleman who went into exile with Ferenc Rakoczi II, the Prince of Transylvania, after the War of Independence in 1704 - 1711 in which the Prince fought to preserve independent Transylvania. The Prince and his entourage spent some years in France, and were then invited to Turkey by Sultan Ahmed III, going there in 1717. Some of the party eventually left, but, like Rakoczi, Mikes spent the rest of life in exile in Turkey. This memoir had a considerable vogue in Transylvania at the time, and Mikes writes in a well-established tradition. The 207letters, never before translated from Hungarian, were addressed over some forty years to an aunt in Constantinople. In them, Mikes speaks of the Hungarians' daily life, their hopes and disappointments, and of current events in Turkey and beyond; he describes the deaths of some of the party including that of the Prince himself. He also gives an account of a military campaign along the Danube and an embassy to Moldova, ranging over religious, historical and philosophical topics and recounting numerous anecdotes. All the while his patriotic feelings never leave him, nor does his affection, not unblinkered, for his Prince. The last letter, written four years before his death, sees him become head of the Hungarian community in Turkey, last survivor of the original band of Transylvanian nobles exiled to a far country. Bernard Adams, the translator and editor of this volume studied at Pembroke College, Cambridge.
    [Show full text]
  • “These Were Hard Times for Skanderbeg, but He Had an Ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi” Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts
    ACTA BALCANO-HUNGARICA 1. 1 “These were hard times for Skanderbeg, but he had an ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi” Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts It is of inestimable significance for Albanian studies in Hungary that the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has had the opportunity to produce and publish Edited by the present book which constitutes a Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics major contribution towards enabling this book to serve as a kind of third volume of Illyrisch-Albanische Forschungen (1916). Although there has been no organized Albanian research in Hungary, the chapters in this book clearly demonstrate that researchers well versed in the various historical periods have engaged in a joint investigation of the Albanian–Hungarian past. The studies reveal new research findings, many of which will cause a sensation in the world of Albanian studies. The book is a distillation of con tem- porary Hungarian work on Albanian Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts studies and also a salute by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian ISBN 978-963-416-184-4 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to the joint Albanian–Hungarian and Austro–Hungarian past. 9 789634 161844 albán1.indd 1 7/30/2019 2:05:25 PM “These were hard times for Skanderbeg, but he had an ally, the Hungarian Hunyadi” Episodes in Albanian–Hungarian Historical Contacts Acta Balcano-Hungarica 1. ※ Series managing editors: Pál Fodor and Antal Molnár Series editor: Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Centre for the Humanities
    [Show full text]
  • UN GA Gai•! OL®GIAI ALAPKÖNYVTÁR V
    UN GA GA i•! OL®GIAI ALAPKÖNYVTÁRV TÁR Könyvjegyzék Kiadja a Nemzetközi Magyar Filológiai Társaság és a Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat Budapest 1986 Hungarológiai alapkönyvtár -- HUNGAROLÓGIAI ALAPKÖNYVTÁR Könyvjegyzék Kiadja a Nemzetközi Magyar Filológiai Társaság és a Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat Budapest 1986 A bibliográfiát összeállították: Bevezető rész STAUDER MARIA közreműködésével V. WINDISCH ÉVA Nyelvtudomány D. MATAI MARIA Irodalomtudomány TÓDOR ILDIKÓ és B. HAJTÓ ZSÓFIA Néprajz KOSA LÁSZLÓ Szerkesztette NYERGES JUDIT közreműködésével V. WINDISCH ÉVA Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat Felelős kiadó: Dr.Rottler Ferenc főtitkár 86.1-199 TIT Nyomda,- -Budapest . - Formátum: A/5 - Terjedelem: 11,125 A/5 ív - Példányszám: 700 Félelős vezető: Dr.Préda Tibor TARTALOMMUTATÓ ELŐSZÓ 9 RŐVIDÍTÉSEK JEGYZÉKE 12 BEVEZETŐ RÉSZ 15 1 A magyarok és Magyarország általában 17 2 A magyar nemzeti bibliográfia 17 2.1 Hungarika-bibliográfiák 19 3 Lexikonok 19 4 Szótárak 20 5 Gyűjtemények katalógusai 21 6 Az egyes tudományterületek segéd- és kézikönyvei 22 6.1 Földrajz, demográfia 22 .6.2 Statisztika 22 6.3 Jog, jogtörténet 22 6.4 Szociológia 23 6.5 Történelem 24 6.51 Általános magyar történeti bibliográfiák, repertóriumok 24 6.511 Történeti folyóiratok repertóriumai 24 6.52 összefoglaló művek, tanulmánykötetek a teljes magyar törté- nelemből 25 6.53 A magyar történelem egyes korszakaira vonatkozó monográ- fiák, tanulmánykötetek, forrásszövegek 28 6.531 Őstörténet, középkor 28 6.532 1526-1849 29 6.533 1849-1919 29 6.534 1919-től napjainkig 30 6.54 Gazdaság- és társadalomtörténet 30 6.55 Művelődéstörténet 32 6.551 Művelődéstörténet általában. Eszmetörténet 32 6.552 Egyháztörténet 33 6.553 Oktatás- és iskolatörténet 33 6.554 Könyvtörténet 35 6.555 Sajtótörténet 35 6.556 Tudománytörténet 36 6.557 Közgyűjtemények, kulturális intézmények története 37 6.558 Életmódtörténet 37 6.56 Történeti segédtudományok.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta
    University of Alberta Making Magyars, Creating Hungary: András Fáy, István Bezerédj and Ödön Beöthy’s Reform-Era Contributions to the Development of Hungarian Civil Society by Eva Margaret Bodnar A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics © Eva Margaret Bodnar Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract The relationship between magyarization and Hungarian civil society during the reform era of Hungarian history (1790-1848) is the subject of this dissertation. This thesis examines the cultural and political activities of three liberal oppositional nobles: András Fáy (1786-1864), István Bezerédj (1796-1856) and Ödön Beöthy (1796-1854). These three men were chosen as the basis of this study because of their commitment to a two- pronged approach to politics: they advocated greater cultural magyarization in the multiethnic Hungarian Kingdom and campaigned to extend the protection of the Hungarian constitution to segments of the non-aristocratic portion of the Hungarian population.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Sea-Caspian Steppe: Natural Conditions 20 1.1 the Great Steppe
    The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editors Florin Curta and Dušan Zupka volume 74 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe By Aleksander Paroń Translated by Thomas Anessi LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Publication of the presented monograph has been subsidized by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, Modul Universalia 2.1. Research grant no. 0046/NPRH/H21/84/2017. National Programme for the Development of Humanities Cover illustration: Pechenegs slaughter prince Sviatoslav Igorevich and his “Scythians”. The Madrid manuscript of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. Miniature 445, 175r, top. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Proofreading by Philip E. Steele The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://catalog.loc.gov/2021015848 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recent Distribution and Abundance of Non-Native Neogobius Fishes in the Slovak Section of the River Danube
    J. Appl. Ichthyol. 21 (2005), 319–323 Received: January 30, 2005 Ó 2005 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin Accepted: June 15, 2005 ISSN 0175–8659 The recent distribution and abundance of non-native Neogobius fishes in the Slovak section of the River Danube By P. Jurajda1,J.Cˇ erny´2, M. Polacˇ ik1,3, Z. Valova´1,3, M. Jana´cˇ 1,3,R.Blazˇ ek3 and M. Ondracˇ kova´1 1Department of Fish Ecology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 3Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Summary in the Sio´Channel (connecting Lake Balaton and the main The distributions of invasive Neogobius species were investi- Danube channel), and in the River Tisza and its tributary, gated in the Slovak section of the River Danube from the River Bodrog, both in Hungary (Ahnelt et al., 1998). Bratislava downstream to the village of Chl’aba. During More recently, monkey goby has been recorded in the October 2004, the main channel of the Danube was sampled, Slovakian Danube near Hungary (Stra´nˇ ai and Andreji, including by-pass, head-race and tail-race canals of the 2001) and a further upstream expansion of this species into Gabcˇ ı´kovo dam, backwaters and the lower-most sections of the Slovakian part of the River Bodrog can be expected the tributaries Maly´Dunaj, Hron, Va´h and IpelÕ. Three (Ahnelt et al., 1998; Kautman, 2001). Neogobius species already documented in Slovakia were An upstream expansion of racer goby has also been reported captured (monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis, bighead goby in River Danube basin (summarized in Copp et al., 2005), N.
    [Show full text]
  • A Concise History of Hungary
    A Concise History of Hungary MIKLÓS MOLNÁR Translated by Anna Magyar published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, cb2 2ru, UnitedKingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org Originally publishedin French as Histoire de la Hongrie by Hatier Littérature Générale 1996 and© Hatier Littérature Générale First publishedin English by Cambridge University Press 2001 as A Concise History of Hungary Reprinted 2003 English translation © Cambridge University Press 2001 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception andto the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Printedin the UnitedKingdomat the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Monotype Sabon 10/13 pt System QuarkXPress™ [se] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 0 521 66142 0 hardback isbn 0 521 66736 4 paperback CONTENTS List of illustrations page viii Acknowledgements xi Chronology xii 1 from the beginnings until 1301 1 2 grandeur and decline: from the angevin kings to the battle of mohács, 1301–1526 41 3 a country under three crowns, 1526–1711 87 4 vienna and hungary: absolutism, reforms, revolution, 1711–1848/9 139 5 rupture, compromise and the dual monarchy, 1849–1919 201 6 between the wars 250 7 under soviet domination, 1945–1990 295 8 1990, a new departure 338 Bibliographical notes 356 Index 357 ILLUSTRATIONS plates 11.
    [Show full text]
  • HUNGARIAN STUDIES 19. No. 1. Nemzetközi Magyar Filológiai
    ET IN HUNGÁRIA EGO: TRIANON, REVISIONISM AND THE JOURNAL MAGYAR SZEMLE (1927-1944) MATTHEW CAPLES Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA The journal Magyar Szemle (1927-1944), founded by Prime Minister István Bethlen and edited by the historian Gyula Szekfïï, was the primary forum for the dis­ cussion of the revision of the Treaty of Trianon and the situation of the Hungarian minorities in the neighboring states. Rejecting all proposals for border revision on an ethnic basis, the journal espoused integral revisionism, or the restoration of the his­ torical Kingdom of Hungary. The periodical's own position on revision is best illus­ trated by the "New Hungária" essays of the legal scholar László Ottlik, published between 1928 and 1940, which hoped to win back the former national minorities through promises of wide-ranging autonomy within a re-established Greater Hun­ gary. Keywords: Trianon, Revisionism, Irredentism, Magyar Szemle, Hungarian minori­ ties I. Introduction Magyar Szemle (Hungarian Review, 1927-1944) was the conservative journal par excellence and one of the outstanding periodicals of interwar Hungary. In­ spired by Prime Minister István Bethlen ( 1874-1946)l and for many years edited by the prominent historian Gyula Szekfïï (1883-1955), the journal represented the most significant gathering of conservative intellectuals to be found during the pe­ riod of Admiral Miklós Horthy's regency (1920-1944). In the wide variety of the topics it covered as well as the quality of its writing, Magyar Szemle far surpassed other conservative journals of the day. In addition to essays on history, literature, art, culture, education, politics, economics and social issues, the journal focused on the pressing questions of Hungarian foreign policy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Controversy About 1944 in Hungary and the Escape of Budapest's Jews from Deportation. a Response
    Jeszenszky, Géza. “The Controversy About 1944 in Hungary and the Escape of Budapest’s Jews from Deportation. A Response.” Hungarian Cultural Studies. e-Journal of the American Hungarian Educators Association, Volume 13 (2020) DOI: 10.5195/ahea.2020.388 The Controversy About 1944 in Hungary and the Escape of Budapest’s Jews from Deportation. A Response. Géza Jeszenszky Abstract: The purpose of this Note is to clarify the interpretation of the volume, July 1944: Deportation of the Jews of Budapest Foiled (Reno, NV: Helena History Press, 2018), put forth by Peter Pastor in his book review, “A New Historical Myth from Hungary: The Legend of Colonel Ferenc Koszorús as the Wartime Saviour of the Jews of Budapest,” that was published in the 2019 issue of Hungarian Cultural Studies. Rather than making any attempt to remove or lessen blame for the acts committed following the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944, this collection of studies aims to shed light on whether Regent Horthy’s order to Colonel Ferenc Koszorús prevented the deportation of the remaining, nearly 300,000 Hungarian Jews who lived (or were just hiding) in Budapest. Keywords: Hungary, World War II, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Regent Miklós Horthy, Miklós Kállay, Colonel Ferenc Koszorús, Budapest, German occupation of Hungary, Quisling- government, Holocaust, deportations, war criminals, László Baky, F.J. Montgomery Biography: Géza Jeszenszky is a Hungarian historian and politician. He has completed degrees in history, English, and library studies at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, where he also attained his Ph.D. Following his work as a schoolteacher and librarian, he became a university professor at today’s Corvinus University of Budapest after 1976.
    [Show full text]
  • Danube Facts and Figures the Slovak Republic
    Danube Facts and Figures: Slovakia Danube Facts and Figures The Slovak Republic (March 2007) General Overview The Slovak Republic is located in Central Europe and shares borders with Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine. The country covers 49,034km 2 and nearly all of this area – 47,084km2 or 96% of the country – lies in the Danube River Basin. Slovakia has been a signatory state to the Danube River Protection Convention since 1994, and has been a Party to the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes since 1999. The Slovak Republic joined the European Union in 2004. Topography A major part of the Slovak territory is located in the Carpathian Mountains, but almost one quarter of the country is formed by lowlands. The Vienna Basin extends into Slovakia from the west, the Pannonian Plain from the southwest and the Great Danubian Basin from the southeast. These lowlands form part of the ecological region known as the Hungarian Lowlands. Precipitation, climate and water flow The climate of Slovakia is influenced by its location in a temperate zone. There are several types of climate regions within the country – from cold mountain (along the upper Váh River) to warm dry regions with moderate winters and more sunlight in the south. The long-term average temperature varies from 0-10 degrees, according to the region. The long-term average annual precipitation ranges from 2,000mm.y-1 along the upper Váh River to 500 mm.y-1 in the south along the Bodrog and Danube Rivers.
    [Show full text]