Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FINAL March 2018 Prepared by
in association with
Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
FINAL March 2018
Presented to: City of Pawtucket Department of Planning and Redevelopment
Presented by: in association with 33 Main Street Boston, MA 02129 punchardconsulting.com Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MAIN PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... i
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND ...... 1 1.2. PURPOSE ...... 4 1.3. SCOPE AND AUTHORITY ...... 4 1.4. PLAN ORGANIZATION ...... 4 1.5. PLAN ADOPTION ...... 6
SECTION 2. PLANNING PROCESS ...... 9 2.1. OVERVIEW ...... 9 2.2. LOCAL PLANNING TEAM ...... 9 2.3. PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ...... 13 2.4. REVIEW OF EXISTING PLANS, REPORTS, AND OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION ...... 17
SECTION 3. PLANNING AREA PROFILE ...... 18 3.1. LOCATION AND HISTORY ...... 18 3.2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ...... 19 3.3. POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHICS, AND HOUSING ...... 19 3.4. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT ...... 22 3.5. EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRY ...... 26 3.6. LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ...... 27
SECTION 4. MITIGATION STRATEGY ...... 32 4.1. OVERVIEW ...... 32 4.2. MITIGATION GOALS ...... 33 4.3. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES ...... 34 4.4. SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF MITIGATION ACTIONS ...... 36 4.5. MITIGATION ACTION PLAN (MAP) ...... 37
SECTION 5. PLAN MAINTENANCE ...... 106 5.1. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND INTEGRATION ...... 106 5.2. MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND ENHANCEMENT ...... 107 5.3. CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ...... 109
Table of Contents i Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT A.1. OVERVIEW A.2. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION A.3. HAZARD PROFILES A.4. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT A.5. SUMMARY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX B: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT B.1. OVERVIEW B.2. METHODOLOGY B.3. REVIEW OF EXISTING CAPABILITIES B.4. PREVIOUSLY IMPLEMENTED MITIGATION MEASURES B.5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX C: ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION C.1. ADOPTION RESOLUTION C.2. HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING COMMITTEE MEETINGS C.3. PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES C.4 STATUS OF PREVIOUSLY ADOPTED MITIGATION ACTIONS C.4. FEMA REGULATION CHECKLIST
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Pawtucket/Central Falls Local Planning Team (LPT)…………………………………………………...10 Table 4-1: Mitigation Goals………………………………………………………………………………………………………...34 Table 4-2: Mitigation Action Plan (MAP) Summary, City of Pawtucket………………………………………....98 Table 4-3: Mitigation Action Plan (MAP) Summary, City of Central Falls…………………………………….103 Table A-1: Hazard Identification and Screening Summary………………………………………………………….A-2 Table A-2: Major Disaster and Emergency Declarations for Providence County, Since 1953………..A-6 Table A-3: Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale……………………………………………………………………….A-8 Table A-4: Classification Scheme for Nor'easters……………………………………………………………………….A-9 Table A-5: State-Regulated Dams in the Planning Area…………………………………………………………….A-15 Table A-6: Classification of Earthquake Magnitude and Intensity……………………………………………..A-20 Table A-7: Effects of Extreme Heat on the Human Body………………………………………………………..….A-25 Table A-8: Effects of Extreme Cold on the Human Body………………………………………………………..….A-25 Table A-9: Previous Occurrences for Extreme Temperatures…………………………………………………...A-26 Table A-10: Fire Data and Statistics for Pawtucket………………………………………………………..………....A-31 Table of Contents ii Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table A-11: Recent Notable Flood Events………………………………………………………..……………………....A-41 Table A-12: NFIP Policy Claims and Loss Statistics………………………………………………………..………....A-45 Table A-13: Enhanced Fujita Scale……………………………………………………………………………………....….A-49 Table A-14: Previous Occurrences for Tornado in Providence County…………………………………..….A-50 Table A-15: Regional Snowfall Index……………………………………………………………………………….…..….A-52 Table A-16: Exposure to Flooding in FEMA Zone AE – City of Pawtucket…………………………………..A-61 Table A-17: Exposure to Flooding in FEMA Zone VE – City of Pawtucket…………………………………..A-61 Table A-18: Exposure to Flooding in FEMA Zone X –City of Pawtucket……………………………………..A-62 Table A-19: Exposure to Hurricane Storm Surge (Category 1) – City of Pawtucket……………………A-63 Table A-20: Exposure to Hurricane Storm Surge (Category 2) – City of Pawtucket……………………A-64 Table A-21: Exposure to Hurricane Storm Surge (Category 3) – City of Pawtucket……………………A-65 Table A-22: Exposure to Hurricane Storm Surge (Category 4) – City of Pawtucket……………………A-66 Table A-23: Exposure to Wildfire (Wildland Urban Interface) – City of Pawtucket…………………….A-67 Table A-24: Exposure of Critical Facilities – City of Pawtucket………………………………………………....A-68 Table A-25: Exposure of Other Community Assets – City of Pawtucket……………………………………..A-69 Table A-26: Exposure to Flooding in FEMA Zone AE – City of Central Falls…………………...…………..A-73 Table A-27: Exposure to Flooding in FEMA Zone X– City of Central Falls…………………………………..A-73 Table A-28: Exposure to Hurricane Storm Surge (Category 4) – City of Central Falls…………………A-73 Table A-29: Exposure of Critical Facilities – City of Central Falls……………………………………..………..A-75 Table A-30: Exposure of Other Community Assets – City of Central Falls……………………...…………..A-75 Table A-31: Priority Risk Index……………………………………………………………………………………..………..A-79 Table A-32: Maximum Probable Extent…………………………………………………………………………….……..A-80 Table A-33: Summary of PRI Results…………………………………………………………………………………..…..A-81 Table A-34: Conclusions on Hazard Risk……………………………………………………..…………………………..A-82 Table B-1: Planning and Regulatory Capabilities……………………………………………………..…………….…..B-5 Table B-2: Administrative and Technical Capabilities……………………………………………..………………..B-11 Table B-3: Financial Capabilities…………………………………………………………………………..…………….…..B-18 Table B-4: Education and Outreach Capabilities……………………………………………………..………………..B-21 Table B-5: Safe Growth Survey Results……………………………………………………..……………..………….…..B-23 Table B-6: National Flood Insurance Program Survey Results…………………………………...……………..B-26 Table B-7: Possible New Mitigation Actions Related to NFIP Compliance……………………………...…..B-32 Table B-8: CRS Requirements Met in this Mitigation Plan…………………………………………………….…..B-33 Table C-1: Status of Previously Adopted Mitigation Actions, City of Pawtucket……………...……..…C-113 Table C-2: Status of Previously Adopted Mitigation Actions, City of Central Falls………………….....C-125
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure A-1: Historical Storm Tracks Since 1958…………………………………………………….....………….…..A-11 Figure A-2: Seismic Hazard Map for Rhode Island…………………………………………...…….....………….…..A-19 Figure A-3: Significant New England Earthquakes……………………………………………………...... …….…..A-21 Figure A-4: Earthquake Epicenters in or near Rhode Island……………………………………………...….…..A-22 Figure A-5: Wildfire Hazard Areas………………………………………………………………………...... ………….…..A-30 Figure A-6: Special Flood Hazard Areas…………………………………………………….....……………..……….…..A-35 Figure A-7: Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation Areas………………………………………………………….…..A-36 Figure A-8: Potential Sea Level Rise Inundation for Pawtucket…………………………………………….…..A-37 Figure A-9: Repetitive Loss Areas…………………………………………………….....………….……………………….A-46 Figure A-10: Sperry–Piltz Ice Accumulation Index…………………………………………………….....…….…....A-53
Table of Contents iv Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
This section provides a general introduction to the Pawtucket/Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. It consists of the following subsections: 1.1. Background 1.2. Purpose 1.3. Scope and Authority 1.4. Plan Organization
1.1. BACKGROUND
Introduction to Hazard Mitigation
Natural hazards, such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and wildfires, are a part of the world around us. Their occurrence is often natural and inevitable and there is little we can do to control their force and intensity.
The cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls are vulnerable to a wide range of hazards. These hazards threaten the life and safety of residents and visitors and have the potential to damage or destroy both public and private property and disrupt the local economy and overall quality of life. While the threat from hazard events may never be fully eliminated, there is much we can do to lessen their potential impact upon our communities. By minimizing the damaging impacts of natural hazards upon our built environment, we can prevent such events from resulting in disasters. The concept and practice of reducing risks to people and property from known hazards is generally referred to as hazard mitigation. Hazard Mitigation Hazard mitigation techniques include structural measures and non‐structural measures. Structural measures include Any action taken to reduce or activities such as strengthening or protecting buildings and eliminate long-term risk to life infrastructure from the destructive forces of potential and property from hazards. hazards, or in some cases, such as flood control, physically altering the natural course of the hazard itself. Non‐ structural measures include activities such as the adoption of sound land use or floodplain management policies and the creation of public awareness programs. It is widely accepted that the most effective mitigation measures are implemented at the local government level, where decisions on the regulation and control of development are ultimately made. A comprehensive mitigation approach addresses hazard vulnerabilities that exist today and in the foreseeable future. Therefore, it is essential that projected patterns of future development are evaluated and considered in terms of how that growth will increase or decrease a community’s vulnerability to hazards over time.
One of the most effective means that a community can use to implement a comprehensive approach to hazard mitigation is to develop, adopt, and update as needed, a local hazard mitigation plan. A mitigation plan establishes the broad local vision and guiding principles for reducing hazard risk, and further proposes specific mitigation actions to eliminate or reduce identified vulnerabilities.
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
To reduce the nation's mounting natural disaster losses, the U.S. Congress passed the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) to amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act by invoking new and revitalized approaches to mitigation planning. Section 322 of Section 1: Introduction 1 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan the Act emphasized the need for state and local government entities to closely coordinate on mitigation planning activities, and makes the development of a hazard mitigation plan a specific eligibility requirement for any local government applying for federal mitigation grant funds. Communities with an adopted and federally‐approved hazard mitigation plan thereby become pre‐ positioned and more apt to receive available mitigation funds before and after the next declared disaster.
To implement the new Stafford Act provisions, FEMA published requirements and procedures for local hazard mitigation plans in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at Title 44, Chapter 1, Part 01.6. These regulations specify minimum standards for developing, updating, and submitting local hazard mitigation plans for FEMA review and approval at least once every five years.
This new, Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation plan for the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls was prepared using a process to ensure that it meets all applicable federal and state requirements. This includes conformance with FEMA’s latest Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (released March 2013) and Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide (released October 2011). A Regulation Checklist, found in Appendix C, provides a summary of FEMA’s current minimum standards of acceptability and notes the location within the plan where each planning requirement is met.
A New “Multi-Jurisdictional” Plan for Pawtucket and Central Falls
The Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is an effective means to incorporate hazard mitigation principles and practices into routine government activities and functions. The plan recommends specific actions that are designed to protect people and community assets from losses to those hazards that pose the greatest risk. These mitigation actions go beyond simply recommending structural solutions to reduce existing vulnerability, such as retrofitting buildings or strengthening infrastructure. Local policies on community growth and development, incentives for natural resource protection, and public awareness and outreach activities are examples of other actions considered to reduce each city’s future vulnerability to identified hazards. The plan is designed to be a living document, with implementation and evaluation procedures included to help achieve meaningful objectives and successful outcomes over time.
While this document is essentially a new multi-jurisdictional (combined) plan for the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls, it is not the first hazard mitigation plan for either. Each City had previously prepared their own single-jurisdiction plans as further described below, and this plan has been prepared to serve as an update to these previous planning efforts. In coordination with the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency (RIEMA), both cities agreed that working together to create a combined multi-jurisdictional plan covering both municipalities would be an effective approach to continuing their previous mitigation planning efforts.
Although each of the previous FEMA-approved plans have since expired, much of the information included in these earlier plans was used to help inform this new multi-jurisdictional plan. This included reviewing and revising previous plan content to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities. Past data and information used for identifying and assessing hazards risks and vulnerabilities has been incorporated, revised, and updated as necessary to reflect current conditions in Appendix A (Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment). In addition, much of the content included in the Section 4 (Mitigation Strategy) is based off the specific goals, recommendations, and actions of each City’s previous hazard mitigation plans. For example, the mission statement and goals statements for this plan are essentially a reaffirmation of
Section 1: Introduction 2 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan previously identified statements from each City’s prior single-jurisdiction plan. This new plan has also incorporated all previously identified mitigation actions for each City, along with information describing any progress to date, their current status, and whether they should be carried over into this new plan as an action to be continued and/or implemented accordingly (see Appendix C).
Previous Hazard Mitigation Planning Efforts
Pawtucket The City of Pawtucket initiated hazard mitigation planning in 1997 at the encouragement and with the support of RIEMA, as well as the URI Coastal Resources Center. Organized under the direction of the City’s Emergency Management Director, the Local Hazard Mitigation Committee (LHMC) was formed to create the original plan. The LHMC consisted of the Emergency Management Director, the Principal Planner, the Project Engineer for the Department of Planning and Redevelopment, Public Works Director, and the Fire Chief. The committee which met regularly to discuss the plan and identify mitigation projects beneficial to Pawtucket. Upon completion the plan was brought before the community in the form of public hearings held by the City Planning Commission and subsequently by the City Council. The plan was formally adopted by the City Planning Commission in 1997 followed by the City Council and the mayor in early 1998.
After adoption, the plan was delivered to RIEMA for state review and assessment and ultimately passed on to FEMA, Region 1 for review. FEMA’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review was completed in October 2002 and the plan was returned to Pawtucket for updating. During the interim, the original plan was reviewed as projects were implemented but no amendments or updates to the plan were completed. Elements of the plan were adopted as part of the Comprehensive Plan Update in 2003 after public hearings held by City Planning Commission and City Council.
In response to comments received from FEMA and the elapsed time since the original plan was adopted, the City’s Emergency Management Director (in conjunction with the LHMC) and the Department of Planning and Redevelopment elected to reformat and rewrite portions of the original plan, update all projects, and resubmit the plan for formal city adoption and public approval. The LHMC was expanded to include Law Enforcement and Water Supply Board members which met regularly to provide input for new mitigation projects, address priorities and consider implementation strategies. The updated plan was approved by RIEMA and FEMA in 2003.
In 2010, the City submitted a Pre-Disaster Mitigation grant application to RIEMA for funds to update the 2003 plan. FEMA and RIEMA awarded funds to support the plan update, and in turn the City contracted with Pare Corporation to facilitate the plan update process. This included a series of city coordination meetings from October through November in 2010, in addition to a public workshop held in December 2010, and resulted in the completion of the Strategy for Reducing Risks from Natural Hazards in Pawtucket, Rhode Island: A Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategy. The final plan update was approved by FEMA on July 10, 2012.
Central Falls The City of Central Falls developed its first hazard mitigation plan in 2004, under the direction of the City’s Emergency Management Agency Director and a 13-member Natural Hazard Mitigation Committee. Committee members included representatives from each of the following departments: EMA, Rescue, Fire, Police, Public Works, Building Official, Water, Planning, Mayor’s Office, City Council, School Department, and two appointees by the Mayor representing the business community. The plan development process was facilitated in consultation with Resource Section 1: Introduction 3 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Specialists, Inc., and included a series of committee meetings and an open public meeting prior to local plan approval. The final plan, titled Strategy for Reducing Risks from Natural Hazards in Central Falls, Rhode Island was approved by the City’s Planning Commission in January 2005. The plan was then formally adopted by the City and approved by FEMA on August 15, 2005.
The City’s initial hazard mitigation plan was never updated, and per federal regulations it expired on August 15, 2010. In 2012 the Center for Environmental Studies at Brown University completed a report titled “Reducing Risks from Natural Hazards in Central Falls: Contributions towards a 2012 Update.” Although no subsequent plan update process was ever initiated, much of the relevant data and information provided in this report, in addition to the City’s 2005 plan, was used to help inform this new multi-jurisdictional plan as described above.
1.2. PURPOSE
As established and affirmed during the first Local Planning Team meeting, the primary purpose of this multi-jurisdictional hazard mitigation plan is three-fold: 1. To help the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls become better prepared and more resilient to potential emergencies and disasters; 2. To identify and assess the community’s natural hazard risks and determine how to best minimize and manage those risks over time; and 3. To make the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls eligible and better positioned to receive federal grant funding for mitigation projects and other types of non-emergency disaster assistance.
1.3. SCOPE AND AUTHORITY
The Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan will be updated and maintained to continually address those natural hazards determined to be of primary concern to the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls as documented in through the hazard analysis and risk assessment (Appendix A). Other hazards that pose a low risk or are otherwise omitted from this plan will continue to be evaluated during future plan updates, but they may not be fully addressed until they are determined to be of primary concern to the Cities. The geographic scope (i.e., the “planning area”) for the plan includes all areas within Pawtucket and Central Falls jurisdictional city limits.
This plan has been adopted by the City of Pawtucket and the City of Central Falls in accordance with the authority and police powers granted to local governments by the State of Rhode Island. A copy of the resolutions to adopt the plan is included in Appendix C. This plan was developed in accordance with current federal rules and regulations governing local hazard mitigation plans. The plan shall be monitored and updated on a routine basis to maintain compliance with the following legislation: • Section 322, Mitigation Planning, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as enacted by Section 104 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106‐390) and by FEMA's Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, at 44 CFR Part 201.
1.4. PLAN ORGANIZATION
This plan is organized into five (5) sections that make up the main body of the plan along with three (3) appendices as described below.
Section 1: Introduction 4 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
1. Introduction Section 1 serves as a general introduction to the plan document, including some brief background on hazard mitigation and hazard mitigation planning, as well as the purpose, authority, scope, and organization of the plan document.
2. Planning Process Section 2 provides a summary of the process used to develop the plan, including how it was prepared and who was involved. It also describes the public engagement strategy used to involve the public and other community stakeholders, and it summarizes the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information.
3. Planning Area Profile Section 3 provides some background and a general overview of the entire planning area, including information specific to the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls such as their location and history; geography and climate; population, housing, and demographics; infrastructure and environment; employment and industry; and land use and development trends.
4. Mitigation Strategy Section 4 provides the blueprint for the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls to follow to become less vulnerable to the negative effects of the hazards identified and addressed in this plan. It is based on the consensus of the Local Planning Team and the findings and conclusions of the Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment and Capability Assessment, in addition to the input and feedback generated through public engagement efforts. It includes the identification of an overall mission statement for the plan along with a series of mitigation goal statements designed to establish what the Cities wants to achieve with the plan. It also includes the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of specific mitigation actions that are intended to help each City achieve these mitigation goals over time.
5. Plan Maintenance Section 5 describes the formal plan maintenance process to ensure that the plan remains an active and relevant document that guides hazard mitigation actions over time. As conditions change, new information becomes available, or actions progress over the life of the plan, plan adjustments may be necessary to maintain its relevance. The plan maintenance section identifies procedures for monitoring, evaluating, and updating the plan; for implementing the plan through existing planning mechanisms; and for continued public involvement.
Appendices
Appendix A: Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Appendix A provides an in-depth study of natural hazard risks for the planning area. It includes an overview of how the assessment was prepared along with detailed profiles for those hazards deemed to pose significant risk to the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls. It also includes a geospatial-based exposure and risk assessment for those hazards with geographically-defined boundaries, and culminates in a hazard risk ranking based on the findings and conclusions about the location, probability, potential impact, warning time, and duration of each hazard. Although included as an appendix, the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment is a critical
Section 1: Introduction 5 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
element to the plan that helped the Cities focus their mitigation planning efforts on those hazards of greatest concern and those community assets facing the greatest potential risk.
Appendix B: Capability Assessment Appendix B describes the overall capability of the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls to implement hazard mitigation activities. The capability assessment also served as a critical part of the planning process, including the development of the mitigation strategy. Coupled with the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (Appendix A), the Capability Assessment helped each City identify and target meaningful mitigation actions as well as plan implementation and maintenance procedures. It not only helped establish the goals for the Cities to pursue under this Plan, but also ensures that those goals and the mitigation actions that follow are realistically achievable given current local conditions and available resources.
Appendix C: Additional Documentation Appendix C provides additional documentation of the plan development and adoption process. This includes copies of meeting agendas, sign-in sheets, summary notes, and presentation slides for all Local Planning Team and Public Meetings. It also includes copies of meeting advertisements, notices, media articles, and other example documentation to demonstrate the efforts to promote public and stakeholder engagement in the planning process. Lastly, this section includes a copy of each City’s formal resolution to adopt the plan, and a completed FEMA Regulation Checklist to confirm that the plan meets all requirements of Title 44 Code of Regulations (CFR) 201.6.
1.5. PLAN ADOPTION
This plan was formally adopted by the City of Pawtucket on [Date to be inserted following adoption]. This plan was formally adopted by the City of Central Falls on [Date to be inserted following adoption]. Copies of the adoption resolutions are provided on the following pages.
Section 1: Introduction 6 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
[Note: Copies of adoption resolutions to be included here once available.]
Section 1: Introduction 7 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
[Note: Copies of adoption resolutions to be included here once available.]
Section 1: Introduction 8 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
SECTION 2. PLANNING PROCESS
This section provides a summary of the process used to develop the plan, including how it was prepared and who was involved. It also describes the public engagement strategy used to involve the public and other community stakeholders, and it summarizes the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information. It consists of the following subsections: 2.1. Overview 2.2. Local Planning Team 2.3. Public and Stakeholder Engagement 2.4. Review of Existing Plans, Reports, and Other Relevant Information
2.1. OVERVIEW
The Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls developed this initial Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan through the assistance of a federal planning grant awarded by the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency (RIEMA). Grant funds were used to hire a consultant (Punchard Consulting LLC) to work closely with the cities in the preparation of a plan that draws from each City’s previous local hazard mitigation planning efforts and that is in full compliance with current FEMA planning requirements per the following rules, regulations and guidance: • Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Public Law 93-288), as amended by the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 • Code of Federal Regulations – Title 44, Chapter 1, Part 201 (§201.6: Local Mitigation Plans) • FEMA’s Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (March 2013) • FEMA’s Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide (October 1, 2011)
2.2. LOCAL PLANNING TEAM
One of the earliest tasks completed in support of the planning process was the creation of a Local Planning Team (LPT) to help guide and inform the plan throughout its development. While the City of Pawtucket’s Senior Planner was assigned the responsibility to oversee and serve as the primary point of contact for the planning process, the LPT was established to ensure proper representation from a variety of municipal staff, the public, and other community stakeholders. Throughout the process LPT members were asked to provide their input and expertise, including any information, ideas, or other resources that would contribute to the quality and effectiveness of the final plan.
The organization of the LPT is a combination of two distinct but equal committees, with members from each treated as full LPT members during meetings and in terms of receiving draft plan materials and/or providing input. The first is a Steering Committee consisting of representatives from each City’s planning departments and staff from other key City departments that implement activities or have expertise in topics relevant to mitigation planning. The second is a Stakeholder Committee consisting of members of the public including but not limited to residents and property owners, local business representatives, civic and volunteer leaders, non-profit organizations, staff from other governmental agencies, and other identified stakeholders with no formal attachment to City government. A complete listing of all LPT members is provided in Table 2.1.
In addition to helping shape and guide the development of the plan, the LPT members were specifically invited and asked to provide support to the LPT through the following key roles and responsibilities:
Section 2: Planning Process 9 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Attend 4 LPT meetings • Support public outreach and engagement efforts • Provide supporting data/information upon request • Assist in the evaluation and prioritization of mitigation actions • Review and comment on draft plan deliverables • Approve final draft plan prior to submission to RIEMA and FEMA
Table 2.1: Pawtucket/Central Falls Local Planning Team (LPT)
Name Affiliation Steering Committee Jean Barros Code Enforcement, City of Central Falls Dan Barzykowski City of Central Falls Police Department Robert Bradley City of Central Falls Fire Department Dave Deloge Pawtucket/Central Falls Emergency Management Peter Friedrichs Director, City of Central Falls Planning and Economic Development John Hanley Zoning/Code Enforcement, City of Pawtucket Susan Mara Planning Director, City of Pawtucket Department of Planning and Redevelopment Norman Menard Emergency Management Director, Pawtucket/Central Falls Emergency Management James Mendonca City of Central Falls Police Department Alisa Morrison GIS Coordinator, City of Pawtucket, Department of Public Works Elain Partridge Zoning/Code Enforcement, City of Central Falls Jay Rosa Senior Planner, City of Pawtucket, Department of Planning and Redevelopment Jonathan Scott Principal Planner, City of Central Falls Planning and Economic Development Mena Silva City of Central Falls Fire Department Andy Silvia Chief of Project Development, City of Pawtucket, Department of Public Works Michael Wilcox Project Engineer, City of Pawtucket, Department of Public Works Stakeholder Committee Tim DeChristopher Pawtucket Resident Jillian Finkle Broad Street Regeneration Jessica Henry State Hazard Mitigation Officer, Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency Meghan Kallman Pawtucket City Council Kathryn Kelly Narragansett Bay Commission
Section 2: Planning Process 10 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Name Affiliation Michael Pendergass Blackstone River Explorer Tours Miriam Plitt Pawtucket Riverfront Commission Amelia Rose Groundwork RI Russ Houde Assistant Chief Engineer, Pawtucket Water Supply Board
Local Planning Team Meetings
The development of the plan required a series of meetings intended to facilitate discussion and capture information from the LPT, including responses to specific data requests, sharing suggestions for planning enhancements, or reviewing and commenting on interim draft content for the plan. More importantly the meetings prompted routine coordination and communication between City staff and other stakeholders throughout the drafting of the plan.
As indicated above, the LPT convened for four key meetings throughout the planning process as briefly described below. In some cases, additional meetings were held to accomplish specific planning tasks, such as reviewing and updating information in support of the hazard analysis and risk assessment or the review of possible department-specific mitigation actions for inclusion in the plan. More detailed information and documentation for each LPT meeting including summary notes, agendas, sign-in sheets, handouts, and presentation slides is provided in Appendix C and/or available from the City of Pawtucket upon request.
First LPT Meeting – April 4, 2017 Assembled the LPT for an introduction and overview of the plan development process, including descriptions of individual roles and responsibilities of committee members. Facilitated initial hazard identification, needs assessments, and other data collection efforts to capture early input and ideas on all aspects of the plan development process. Most discussion surrounded local issues, concerns, and ideas as it relates to the greatest risk and resilience The multi-jurisdictional planning effort got challenges facing the area. The meeting also provided the underway with the first Local Planning Team meeting in April 2017. Attendees opportunity for the Steering Committee to solicit input on included local municipal staff and the draft Public Engagement Strategy designed to generate stakeholders, as well as a representative public interest, solicit citizen input, and engage additional from the Rhode Island Emergency partners in the plan development process. Management Agency.
Second LPT Meeting – June 8, 2017 Presented an overview of project progress and discussed public outreach and data collection and analysis efforts completed to date. Provided a recap/introduction of the entire project for new LPT members who were not in attendance at the first meeting, including a description of the planning process and the membership, roles, and responsibilities of the LPT. Presented and discussed the detailed, draft outline for the plan document.
Reviewed and confirmed the current inventory of best available data and information to support the hazard analysis and risk assessment and shared initial hazard identification findings to date.
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This included some additional discussion on critical facilities and other community assets to be included in the GIS-based exposure analysis completed as part of the risk assessment.
Provided a summary of historical hazard events in the planning area, including data on the number of events, casualties, and property damages as recorded by various agencies and previous planning efforts.
Presented results of the initial hazard identification process, including key findings and recommendations for which hazards are deemed significant enough for the planning area to be included in the hazard analysis and risk assessment moving forward. Included a summary of the observed and projected impact on natural hazards caused by long-term climate change. Prior to concluding this portion of the meeting, consensus was reached with the LPT on which hazards to include (and exclude) from further analysis. An interactive exercise was also completed in order to quickly identify the hazards the LPT felt were of higher importance to address in the mitigation plan.
Shared and affirmed Priority Risk Index (PRI) methodology via consensus from all LPT members.
Began to solicit input from applicable LPT members on the capability assessment, including confirmation of existing relevant plans, regulations, studies, and other technical reports. Shared hard copies of capability assessment surveys to be shared later electronically and completed by local staff.
Discussed next steps, including the completion of the risk and capability assessments and the beginning of mitigation strategy development, as well as future LPT and Open Public Meetings.
Third LPT Meeting – September 20, 2017 Provided status update on entire project, including high-level summary of tasks completed, milestones reached, and draft deliverables submitted and posted for LPT review and input. These deliverables included draft plan sections including the Planning Area Profile, Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment, and Capability Assessment documents. Revisited and discussed approaches for promoting and advertising the Public Opinion Survey.
Reviewed and discussed final hazard analysis and risk assessment results, including hazard profiles, map figures, inventories of critical facilities and other community assets, and preliminary hazard rankings based on the Priority Risk Index (PRI) results. Sought initial feedback and responses to pending questions and data needs to help with the final completion of the draft risk assessment.
Shared results of the capability assessment and captured additional input and feedback to help finalize the evaluation.
Reviewed and affirmed the Mission Statement and Mitigation Goals for the plan, with some slight revisions to the text from those statements included in each city’s previous mitigation plan. This also included a review of the latest (2014) mitigation goals as identified in the Rhode Island State Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Presented the Mitigation Action Tracker spreadsheet to begin reviewing, evaluating, and updating the status of previously adopted mitigation actions for each City.
Section 2: Planning Process 12 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Through some interactive brainstorming, began to review and discuss/evaluate a comprehensive range of specific hazard mitigation actions for each City to consider as part of its overall mitigation strategy, based on the results of the risk and capability assessments and stakeholder input received to date. This included some detailed discussion on joint actions/projects that the two cities could work on together across jurisdictional boundaries.
The third LPT meeting was organized to accomplish three distinct objectives, including (1) a detailed team discussion on the final assessment of all identified natural hazards as presented and documented in draft plan deliverables; (2) a follow-up discussion and evaluation of specific hazard problems that are unique to the cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls; and (3) the initiation of more detailed team discussions on plan goals and the range of available mitigation strategies to consider for incorporation into the hazard mitigation plan. Although many LPT member were unable to attend due to schedule conflicts, each was provided a copy of the meeting materials including a copy of all handouts, slides, and draft plan deliverables. Each was also subsequently provided with a copy of the Meeting Notes and Mitigation Action Tracker with instructions for submitting their own ideas and proposed actions for consideration in the drafting of the new Mitigation Action Plan.
Fourth LPT Meeting – January 18, 2018 Presented and discussed the final draft plan document, with special emphasis on the Mitigation Strategy and Plan Maintenance sections. Reviewed and made final updates or revisions as required for LPT approval and submission of final plan to RIEMA and FEMA for their review.
The need to extend and re-advertise the Public Opinion Survey was discussed and agreed to by all LPT members. The remainder of the meeting was spent mostly on reviewing and discussing the draft Mitigation Action Plans provided in Section 4, including the specific language for action descriptions in addition to updating the implementation details such as the lead departments, timelines, and priority levels assigned to each action. The consolidation of some actions and the creation of additional “multi-jurisdictional” actions to be implemented on behalf of both cities were also discussed. In addition, the LPT discussed and agreed on specific plan maintenance procedures to be included in Section 5 of the final draft plan.
Prior to adjourning the meeting, it was determined that in addition to the final draft plan document already shared, a copy of the Mitigation Action Tracker (MS Excel version of the Mitigation Action Plan) would be distributed to each LPT Steering Committee member to review, validate or update any content as required, especially for any actions that are assigned to their respective department or agency. This information and any other comments or requested revisions to the draft plan were requested by all LPT members by February 8, 2018.
2.3. PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
The work plan included the development of a Public Engagement Strategy to generate public interest, solicit citizen input, and engage additional partners in the plan development process. The strategy identified specific opportunities and methods for citizens and targeted stakeholders to participate at various points in the planning process, including but not limited to in-person meetings, a project website, web-based surveys, and the use of social media. In addition, a project Fact Sheet was developed to describe the plan update process and to solicit participation in the planning process. The Fact Sheet included information to promote the project website and the Public Opinion Survey (further described below). The Fact Sheet was distributed in print and
Section 2: Planning Process 13 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan provided in digital form to be downloaded from the project website, and a copy is provided in Appendix C.
The purpose of public outreach and stakeholder involvement was to: • Generate public interest in mitigation planning • Accommodate special populations identified in the planning area • Solicit public input • Engage local stakeholders • Create opportunities for the public and local stakeholders to be actively involved in the mitigation planning process
Several opportunities were offered throughout the planning process for the public to participate in the mitigation plan. These included: • Participate in the Public Opinion Survey • Attend Public Meetings • Visit the Project Webpage • Review and comment on the Draft Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Public Opinion Survey The Public Opinion Survey was designed to be an integral part of the stakeholder engagement strategy. The survey was originally developed via SurveyMonkey in English and then translated to Spanish. Members of the Local Planning Team from Central Falls took the initiative to translate the survey to Spanish and the consulting team then uploaded the Spanish version in SurveyMonkey. A link to each survey (English and Spanish versions) was available on the project webpage at https://www.jamiecaplan.com/projects/pawtucket-central-falls.
The survey provided the public an opportunity to comment on their level of interest, knowledge, and readiness toward hazards in their home city. One hundred and five (105) responses were gathered from the English language version of the survey and five responses from the Spanish language version.
The survey was available online and in each City Hall building. The online survey link was included on city websites and on information flyers posted in City Hall lobbies and at the public library. The link was also included in the Pawtucket Mayor’s Newsletter, promoted through social media and included in direct email correspondence that went out to the city’s master email list, and forwarded to neighborhood associations and city council members.
The following list is a summary of the most compelling results from the English language survey:
• The majority of respondents reported being impacted by severe winter weather, hurricanes and tropical storms, thunderstorms and extreme cold. Severe winter weather was indicated as the biggest future concern. • 45 percent responded they are “very concerned” about climate change increasing risk to natural hazards. • Allocating resources to mitigation actions were closely divided between the four choices, 1) structure and infrastructure, 2) local plans and regulations, 3) natural systems protection and 4) education and awareness. 64 percent ranked structure and infrastructure as most
Section 2: Planning Process 14 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
important, followed by 56 percent ranking education and awareness programs most important, then local plans and finally natural systems. • 73 percent ranked strengthen infrastructure such as roads, bridges, water/wastewater, and electric power supply facilities as the highest priority for cities to take. • 61 percent of surveys were completed by Pawtucket residents and 19 percent by Central Falls residents. • The best way for respondents to receive information regarding making their homes more resistant to natural hazards is email or electronic newsletter. This choice received 60 percent while the second choice, internet social media, only received 31 percent.
Results from the five completed Spanish language surveys were comparable to the English language surveys. The following points are worth noting:
• All of the participants live in Central Falls. • 75 percent want to receive information by way of text message. • All chose natural system protection as the most important way to mitigate risk.
Public Meetings The public outreach meetings were scheduled to coincide on the same days as LPT Meetings #2 and #4. The meetings were used to educate the community about existing natural hazard risks, as well as potential hazard mitigation and climate adaptation strategies, and to gain public feedback that will be used during the drafting of the actual Hazard Mitigation Plan. Each of these meetings was advertised via social media, press release, flyer distribution and email announcement. Examples and copies of these More than fifteen (15) people attended the first open public meeting on the Multi- outreach materials are included in Appendix C. Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Public meetings provided an opportunity The first public meeting was held on June 8, 2017 in the for community members to learn more Slaters Mill Building, and over fifteen (15) people attended. about the planning process and provide Outreach for the meeting was extensive and included the their input directly through in-person distribution of a press release, flyer and meeting discussions with LPT members. announcements to over sixty organizations, as listed below. 1. Pawtucket Public Schools 14. Pawtucket Fire and Police 2. Pawtucket Times Newspaper Department 3. Valley Breeze Newspaper 15. Rhode Island Department of 4. Pawtucket Public Library Environmental Management 5. Pawtucket Foundation 16. Blackstone Valley Community Action 6. Rhode Island Emergency Program (BVCAP) Management Agency 17. Pawtucket Central Falls Development 7. Groundworks Rhode Island 18. Woodlawn Community Center 8. Narragansett Bay Commission 19. Northern Rhode Island Chamber of 9. Pawtucket City Council Commerce 10. Pawtucket DPW 20. Pawtucket Revival Squad 11. Pawtucket Riverfront Commission 21. National Grid 12. Blackstone Valley Tourism Council 22. Armory Arts District 13. Pawtucket Neighborhood Association 23. Pawtucket YMCA
Section 2: Planning Process 15 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
24. Blackstone River Watershed Council 45. Save the Bay 25. Friends of the Moshassuck 46. South Side Community Land Trust 26. Cape Verdean American Community 47. Blackstone Falls Senior Housing Development (CACD) 48. The Samaritans 27. Pawtucket Preservation Society 49. Pawtucket Rotary Club 28. Pawtucket Food Pantry 50. Blackstone Valley Community Health 29. Navigant Credit Union Care (BVCHC) 30. Nexus Property Management 51. Lorrain Mills 31. Empowerment Factory 52. Hope Artiste Village 32. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 53. Fairlawn Against Crime Team (Pat St. 33. Lofts at 541 Germain) 34. Farm Fresh RI 54. Pawtucket Senior Center 35. RI Commerce Corporation 55. Central Falls Public Schools 36. Grow Smart Rhode Island 56. Central Falls Public Library 37. Rhode Island Statewide Planning 57. Central Falls DPW 38. Rhode Island Housing 58. Central Falls City Council 39. Environmental Justice League of 59. Central Falls Planning Board Rhode Island 60. Central Falls Zoning Board of Review 40. Motif Magazine 61. Central Falls Police and Fire 41. EcoRI News Department 42. Pawtucket Housing Authority 62. Blackstone Valley Advocacy Center 43. Ocean Project 63. Progreso Latino 44. Rhode Island Environmental 64. Central Falls Housing Authority Education Association 65. M Residential
Several members of the LPT also attended this meeting. The meeting included a PowerPoint presentation reviewing the project process and opened the floor for discussion regarding hazard identification, stakeholder engagement and mitigation actions.
The second public meeting was held at Pawtucket City Hall on January 18, 2018 and included six (6) attendees, but only one member of the public (all others were part of the LPT and consulting team). The purpose of this meeting was to present and review the final draft plan document prior to local approval and submission of a final plan to RIEMA and FEMA for their review. Most of the meeting was spent on reviewing the draft Mitigation Action Plans for both cities in Section 4 and answering some specific questions on the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment presented in Appendix B. Outreach for the meeting was conducted just as had been done for the first public meeting, including the distribution of a press release, flyer and meeting announcements to the organizations listed above. However, in response to the low turnout it was determined that another promotional push on the availability of the draft plan as well as the Public Opinion Survey would be made by both cities, in hopes of obtaining some more input and/or feedback on the final draft plan prior to local approval.
Project Website The primary project website was located on the Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC website. Its direct link is http://www.jamiecaplan.com/projects/pawtucket-central-falls. The webpage included a link to the Public Opinion Survey, a list of ways to participate in the project, project materials including the Fact Sheet, links to articles in the media related to the project and contact information for the lead local project manager, Jay Rosa, Senior Planner with the City of Pawtucket.
Section 2: Planning Process 16 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
In addition to the project website, press releases, newspaper ads, email distribution lists, and social media (specifically Facebook) was used to advertise public meetings and the Public Opinion Survey.
2.4. REVIEW OF EXISTING PLANS, REPORTS, AND OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
The following key plans, reports, technical studies and other relevant information were reviewed during the development of this plan. This list is not all inclusive and does not comprise all the data sources cited separately in the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (Appendix A) and Capability Assessment (Appendix B). • Strategy for Reducing Risks from Natural Hazards in Pawtucket, Rhode Island: A Multi-Hazard Mitigation Strategy. City of Pawtucket. 2011. o Annual Progress Report. City of Pawtucket. September 30, 2015. • Strategy for Reducing Risks from Natural Hazards in Central Falls, Rhode Island. City of Central Falls. 2005. • Strategy for Reducing Risks from Natural Hazards in Central Falls, Rhode Island – Contributions toward a 2012 Update. The Center for Environmental Studies, Brown University. March 22, 2012. • City of Pawtucket Emergency Operations Plan (2011) • City of Pawtucket Comprehensive Plan (2016) • City of Central Falls Comprehensive Community Plan (2007) • Tidewater Site Master Plan (2016) • Pawtucket & Central Falls Station District Vision Plan (2016) • Riverfront Corridor Development Plan (2013) • City of Pawtucket Capital Improvement Program (2017-2021) • City of Central Falls Land Development and Subdivision Regulations • City of Central Falls Zoning Ordinance • City of Central Falls Capital Improvement Plans (2015) • Rhode Island State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2014) • Rhode Island State Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (2017) • Natural Hazards: Hurricanes, Floods, and Sea Level Rise in the Metro Bay Region (2009) – Hazards Chapter for CRMC Special Area Management Plan • Flood Insurance Study for Providence County (2015) • Emergency Action Plan for Hebronville Pond Dam (2013) • RI Shoreline Change Special Area Management Plan / STORMTOOLS (interactive maps) • FEMA-USGS Blackstone Watershed Discovery Meeting Information (3/27/17) • Pawtucket 2016 Data Points for Comprehensive Planning • Central Falls Data Points for Comprehensive Planning
Section 2: Planning Process 17 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
SECTION 3. PLANNING AREA PROFILE
This section provides some background and a general overview of the entire planning area. It consists of the following subsections: 3.1. Location and History 3.2. Geography and Climate 3.3. Population, Demographics, and Housing 3.4. Infrastructure and Environment 3.5. Employment and Industry 3.6. Land Use and Development Trends
3.1. LOCATION AND HISTORY
Pawtucket and Central Falls are in Providence County, Rhode Island, northeast of the City of Providence along the Blackstone River. Pawtucket is 9 square miles and the fourth largest city in the State of Rhode Island while Central Falls is 1.29 square miles. Pawtucket has 8,194 people per square mile, while Central Falls has 16,173 per square mile.1
Pawtucket was founded in 1671 at the falls of the Blackstone River. The City and the region grew along the Blackstone and other rivers as more mills were built and used this newly harnessed power source. Recognizing its significance, Congress established the John H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor in 1986. On December 19, 2014 President Obama signed legislation that established the Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park, the 402nd park in the national park system. Central Falls became an independent city in 1895 following its history as a village in the Town of Smithfield and then in the Town of Lincoln.
Both Pawtucket and Central Falls are densely-populated, historic mill cities situated along the Blackstone River and off Interstate 95, just north of Providence, Rhode Island. Pawtucket is known as the birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution. In 1793, power from the Blackstone River was used to spin cotton into yarn at the Old Slater Mill, a historic site that is now part of the Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park. Pawtucket remains a manufacturing center today, with local companies producing jewelry, metals works, textiles and craft beer.
Central Falls also emerged from the Blackstone Valley’s industrial success. The community hosts large historic mill buildings as well as homes with unique architectural detail where the owners of these mills once lived. Central Falls has always been a city of immigrants, and the diversity of its population is reflected along the city’s two busy commercial corridors, Dexter and Broad streets. Under new leadership and a wave of rejuvenated community spirit, Central Falls is now enduring a dramatic comeback, capitalizing upon its historic manufacturing assets, diversity and density.
Pawtucket and Central Falls share city resources and a common desire to transform abandoned mill buildings into vibrant live/work spaces. They are working together to build a commuter rail station to leverage investment in the area and drive growth.2
1 https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/pawtucketcityrhodeisland,centralfallscityrhodeisland,US/PST04521 6 2 Pawtucket and Central Falls Central Station District Vision Plan, December 2016 p.2 Section 3: Planning Area Profile 18 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket is managed by a mayor, elected every two years and a City Council consisting of nine members, six of whom are elected from councilman districts and three from the City at large.3 Central Falls is also managed by a mayor who is elected to a four-year term. The Council Members in Central Falls are elected and sit on a seven-member council with five ward representatives and two at-large representatives. Central Falls filed for bankruptcy in August 1, 2011. The City could not meet the demand of pensions and health benefits. The City began to rebound from the bankruptcy approximately a year later by imposing a 4% property tax increase every year for five years and cutting back on city employees.4
3.2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
Pawtucket lies within three drainage basins, the Blackstone River, the Moshassuck River and the Ten Mile River. The Blackstone River is the largest and most historically significant of the three rivers that run through Pawtucket. Entering the City from the north, the Blackstone courses generally southward, dividing Pawtucket into almost equal parts. At the Pawtucket Falls, the Blackstone falls into the tidal Seekonk River, a navigable extension of Narragansett Bay. The Blackstone has historic significance because the waterpower available at the falls was the primary reason for Pawtucket’s early development. It was attractive for early manufacturing activity, and settlement continued to center around the river and the falls. Central Falls drains directly to the Blackstone River. Each city’s geography puts it at risk of flooding.
The climate in Pawtucket and Central Falls “can be summarized as follows: (1) equitable distribution of precipitation among the four seasons; (2) large ranges of temperature both daily and annually; (3) great differences in the same season of different years; and (4) considerable diversity of the weather over short time periods.”5 According to the U.S. Climate Data temperatures range from an average of low of 42.5F to an annual high temperature of 60.5F. July is the warmest month of the year with an average high of 83F and January is the coldest month of the year with an average high of 37F. Over 100 inches of rain is predicted annually over a span of 120 days.6
3.3. POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHICS, AND HOUSING
Pawtucket According to the 2016 Data Points for Comprehensive Planning, Pawtucket has a population of 71,395.7 The population has trended downward but the City would like to maintain or increase its population by attracting new residents and businesses. The median age of the population in Pawtucket is 36.7, and 78% of the population is not Hispanic or Latino. The average household size is 2.53, with a median household income of $41,789.8 Seventy-eight percent of people over the age of 25 have a high-school degree or more education.
3 http://ecode360.com/12119257 4 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/us/central-falls-ri-to-emerge-from-bankruptcy.html 5 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_RI_01.pdf 6 http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/providence/rhode-island/united-states/usri0094 7 http://www.planning.ri.gov/publications/comprehensive-planning-materials.php 8 http://www.planning.ri.gov/publications/comprehensive-planning-materials.php
Section 3: Planning Area Profile 19 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
There are 27,979 households in Pawtucket, with a median income of $41,789.9 Many of the homes in Pawtucket were built before World War II and most were concentrated around the mills in the center of the City. Much of Pawtucket’s housing built during that era (1874-1920) consists of three- story wooden structures. Almost 50 percent of the city-wide housing stock is made up of these multifamily structures. After World War II, residential development shifted to lower density single- family units and a more suburban style. Through the 1950s, residential development expanded outside the urban core, and the city’s outer neighborhoods were created. In the 1960s, a combination of federal housing policies affecting public housing authorities and private developers resulted in the construction of five high-rise apartments for senior citizens in and around the downtown area. Although the emphasis remains on single-family homes, mill buildings were recently converted into residences. Because there is little undeveloped land in the city, it is anticipated that the clear majority of any new housing units will be part of redevelopment projects.10
Pawtucket has eight planning districts and 14 neighborhoods. District boundaries conform to census tract boundaries and where possible to neighborhoods as perceived by residents. Pawtucket planning districts: 1. District 1/Fairlawn 2. District 2/Woodlawn 3. District 3/Oak Hill and West Riverview 4. District 4/Barton Street and Downtown 5. District 5/Pleasant View 6. District 6/East Riverview and Quality Hill and Beverage Hill/Plains 7. District 7/Darlington and Pinecrest 8. District 8/Slater Park and Countryside Pawtucket neighborhoods: 1. Barton Street 2. Beverage Hill/Plains 3. Countryside 4. Darlington 5. Downtown 6. East Riverview 7. Fairlawn 8. Oak Hill 9. Pinecrest 10. Pleasant View 11. Quality Hill 12. Slater Park 13. West Riverview 14. Woodlawn
9 http://www.planning.ri.gov/publications/comprehensive-planning-materials.php 10 City of Pawtucket Comprehensive Plan, Adopted by the City Council, December 2016. p.26 Section 3: Planning Area Profile 20 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
The Pawtucket School System consists of ten elementary schools, three junior high schools, and three senior high schools and the school administration building.11 The list of schools is below: • Elizabeth Baldwin Elementary • M. Virginia Cunningham Elementary • Flora S. Curtis Elementary • Curvin McCabe Elementary • Fallon Memorial Elementary • Nathanael Greene Elementary • Agnes E. Little Elementary • Potter Burns Elementary • Francis J. Varieur Elementary • Henry J. Winters Elementary • Pawtucket Learning Academy • Lyman B. Goff Middles School • Joseph Jenks Middle School • Jacqueline Walsh School for the Arts • Charles E. Shea Senior High • Samuel Slater Middle School • William E. Tolman Senior High Central Falls According to the 2016 Data Points for Comprehensive Planning, Central Falls has a population of 19,378.12 Central Falls has had a slight decrease in population since the 2010 census according to the July 2016 estimates. The median age of the population in Central Falls is 28.4, and 65% of the population is Hispanic or Latino. Central Falls has 6,413 housing units with an average household size of 2.89, and a median household income of $29,108.13 The percentage of the population with a high school diploma or higher level of education is 55.5%. Sixty-six percent of housing units in Central Falls were built prior to 1939. The majority are apartment buildings. Only 11.9% of housing units are detached homes. Poverty in Central Falls is significant with 33.2% of individuals falling below the poverty line. Central Falls serves as a source of affordable housing for the labor force in the Blackstone Valley area.
Central Falls has six schools, a preschool, three elementary schools, a middle school and a high school. As of 2004, 65% of students in the schools were Hispanic. The list of schools is below: • Captain Hung Early Learning • Ella Risk Elementary • Calcutt Middle School • Margaret Robertson Elementary • Veterans Memorial Elementary • Central Falls High School
11 Pawtucket Comprehensive Plan, p.103 12 http://www.planning.ri.gov/publications/comprehensive-planning-materials.php 13 http://www.planning.ri.gov/publications/comprehensive-planning-materials.php
Section 3: Planning Area Profile 21 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
3.4. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
Pawtucket Pawtucket has minimal vacant land throughout the city. As the city developed, forestland was converted into farmland and then into house lots. The amount of land that can be classified as forestland or wooded is very small, less than 300 acres. Common tree types are oak, maple, and miscellaneous deciduous varieties.
The historic development of the city has resulted in ponds and marshes being filled and extensions of man-made fill into river and tidal areas. There is a series of freshwater wetlands totaling approximately 106 acres adjacent to the City’s river systems. The largest extent of wetlands is on the Ten Mile River System and the Moshassuck River. Those wetland areas are used extensively by migrating waterfowl.
The Blackstone River ends at the falls under the Main Street Bridge and from that point, the Pawtucket/Seekonk River widens out as the northern most extension of Narragansett Bay. The river shoreline is tidally affected as far north as the Pawtucket Falls at Main Street. The shoreline is largely confined to man-made retaining walls from the falls to the southern terminus of the former state pier on the eastern shore and to the vicinity of the Max Read Field on the western shore. The immediate upland areas that are not developed are characterized by steep embankments along most of the shore.
The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) reviews construction and physical alterations that affect the coastal areas of Rhode Island. Although Pawtucket does not have an extensive shoreline, the same basic regulatory process is in effect for the city’s coastal feature, the Pawtucket/Seekonk River. Certain major industrial activities as well as all proposed actions within 200 feet of the tidal area shoreline require review by the CRMC. Pawtucket worked with the communities of Providence, East Providence, and Cranston on the Metro Bay Special Area Management Plan (SAMP) to develop the Urban Coastal Greenways Policy, a guidance document which allows for these developed urban areas to be regulated differently from undeveloped rural areas.14
The city’s transportation system is maintained through the Highway and Cemeteries and Traffic Engineering divisions of the Public Works Department. Through the City’s Capital Improvement Program, the Department of Public Works budgets for items such as street and sidewalk improvements, traffic control improvements, bridge repairs, and road repaving. The City has also issued bonds as needed for larger improvement projects.
Approximately 1,000 acres of land area in the city is used for streets and highways. This represents 18% of the total city land area and is the second largest land use in the city. There are approximately 186 miles of local streets that are the responsibility of the City. The Department of Public Works maintains these streets by repairing the pavement, striping where necessary, maintaining the integrity of the road shoulder and clearing vegetation along the roadside, plowing and sanding/salting in the winter and maintaining the drainage systems. If the road has a FHWA highway functional classification, the City’s responsibility for repair and/or reconstruction of the
14 Pawtucket Comprehensive Plan, p.73 Section 3: Planning Area Profile 22 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan roadway may be assisted through funding from the state aid system (see discussion of the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) below).
There is a total of 43 bridge structures in the city. Of this total, 15 bridges are owned and/or maintained by the City; 23 of the 43 are associated with I-95. The City of Pawtucket is serviced by Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) through a total of nine routes. While expansion of the RIPTA’s overall system slowed between 2000 and 2010, ridership continued to increase as the agency implemented higher standards for service reliability. The State, through the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) and RIPTA, oversees I-95 as well as state highways and roadways through the city, and the public transportation system. There are also federal partners helping to build bikeway networks through funding and management, including the National Park Service (NPS) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). These federal agencies along with RIDOT and RIPTA are key partners in planning for the City’s transportation needs.
Pawtucket has sewers in nearly 100% of the city. For those areas with existing onsite systems, the City’s Ordinance (Chapter 335, Article II: Privies and Cesspools) requires maintenance and upkeep of systems. The existing sewer system is primarily a combined system collecting both sewage and stormwater. All sewers within the Pawtucket sewer system discharge to the Narragansett Bay Commission (NBC) interceptor sewers that convey flows to the Bucklin Point wastewater treatment plant in East Providence.
The City owns and maintains approximately 200 miles of collector sewers that directly service residents. It also owns and maintains as a part of the collection system five wastewaters pumping facilities. These facilities provide for sewer service to lower lying areas, primarily along the Ten Mile River. Operation and maintenance of the local sewer system is provided through the City’s Department of Public Works – Sewer, Sanitation, and Recycling Division.
Flows from Pawtucket’s collector sewer system go into NBC’s interceptor sewers. Considering the system’s dual function as sewer and storm water collectors, wet weather flows increase dramatically beyond the existing pipe capacities. A series of combined sewer overflow (CSO) structures along the Blackstone and Seekonk Rivers provide relief by allowing direct overflow of the system into the river.
One of the major water pollution problems in the Narragansett Bay region is CSOs that periodically discharge into the Narragansett Bay. CSO systems collect both stormwater and wastewater into the same treatment facility. There are 20 CSO discharges in Pawtucket. During wet weather, the combined sanitary/stormwater flows can exceed the sewerage capacity. The excess is discharged at overflow points into the region’s rivers.
The Pawtucket Water Supply Board (PWSB) draws over 2.0 million gallons daily from wells in the Valley Falls area of Cumberland. However, there is presently very little water being withdrawn from the groundwater resources within the City of Pawtucket. This is because of the presence of a citywide water system that uses mainly surface water reservoirs in the Town of Cumberland. This surface water system has been able to meet the water demands of three communities; Central Falls, Cumberland and Pawtucket, all served by the PWSB.
Having a groundwater supply within the borders of Pawtucket is fortunate, but it has been found that the groundwater is not suitable for drinking without further treatment because of the history and concentration of industrial and commercial uses in the City.
Section 3: Planning Area Profile 23 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
The PWSB system serves approximately 98,000 customers (2012), which includes in the entire cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls as well as the Valley Falls portion of Cumberland. The PWSB also has a wholesale contract with the Town of Cumberland. The service area is almost fully developed. Customers are predominately residences in medium to high density areas, but the PWSB also serves commercial, industrial and institutional users.
The source of the PWSB water supply is the Abbott Run watershed, a sub-basin of the Blackstone Valley Drainage Basin. The watershed covers an area of about 27 square miles in the Town of Cumberland, Rhode Island, and the Towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Plainville, North Attleboro and Attleboro, Massachusetts.
The Diamond Hill Reservoir is the first and largest of the ponds and impoundments that make up the surface water supply. It was originally constructed in 1887. Over the years, it has been enlarged twice and currently has a storage capacity of 3.67 billion gallons of water. Downstream is the Arnold Mills Reservoir. It was constructed in 1927 and can store up to 1.163 billion gallons of water.
There are four other smaller ponds along the seven-mile length of Abbott Run. The PWSB owns two: Robin Hollow Pond and Happy Hollow Reservoir. The total available storage in these ponds is about 142 million gallons. The other two ponds, Rawson Pond and Howard Pond, are privately owned. The total storage in these ponds is about 51 million gallons.
Central Falls
Central Falls has 28 miles of streets and highways, approximately 1 mile is owned by the State, 3 major highways carry most north-south traffic, Lonsdale Avenue, Broad Street and Dexter Street. Parking is a big issue in Central Falls. The city was constructed for people to live and work within proximity. Additional zoning regulations are improving the amount of parking by requiring new homes and businesses to provide parking. The Providence and Worcester Railroad meet the freight needs of the city. There is also commuter rail traffic from Amtrak’s Shore Line. The closest airports are Theodore Francis Green International Airport in City of Warwick, Logan International Airport in Boston, and North Central State Airport in the Town of Lincoln. The closest ports are Port of Providence located at the head of Narragansett Bay
Mass transit in Central Falls is provided by Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA). It includes bus routes. Due to the large number of people below the poverty line in Central Falls this system is widely used.
Amtrak operates both high speed and regional intercity passenger rail service along the Northeast Corridor through Pawtucket and Central Falls. The closest station is in Providence. Amtrak’s operation is focused on providing intercity service between Boston, New York City, and Washington D.C. On a typical weekday, Amtrak operates 17 trains in each direction, for a total of 34 trains. Of these 34 trains, 16 are high speed and 18 are regional service trains. Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) commuter rail trains traverse Pawtucket and Central Falls along the Northeast Corridor, but does not stop in either city. The MBTA operation is focused on providing local service between Providence and Boston, and the nearest stops are in Providence and in South Attleboro, Massachusetts. On a typical weekday, the MBTA operates 15 trains in each direction, for a total of 30 trains.
Section 3: Planning Area Profile 24 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls is totally dependent for its drinking water and virtually all its industrial and commercial water supply on the Pawtucket Water Supply Board’s system of reservoirs and ponds located in the Town of Cumberland. This water supply is dependent on the Abbott Run Groundwater Reservoir and the associated recharge areas. All users are billed directly by the Board. The City of Central Falls is reimbursed annually by the Pawtucket Water Supply Board for a percentage of its sales to customers in Central Falls. The system in Central Falls consists of 23 miles of water lines owned by the City. There are no privately-owned wells. Many miles of lines are over one hundred years old.
Central Falls has a City-owned combined sewer and storm water drainage system with 13 miles of sewers, 11 miles of sanitary sewers and 1 mile of storm drains. Waste Water in Central Falls is treated at the Narragansett Bay Commission’s Bucklin Point facility in East Providence.
First Responders In July 2015, Pawtucket and Central Falls signed a memorandum of understanding to establish a two-year cost-sharing pilot program that will merge the emergency management services of the two cities. This is a starting point for other joint efforts, including the development of a joint Hazard Mitigation Plan in 2016. Central Falls shares an Emergency Manager with Pawtucket.
The Police Department in Pawtucket is headquartered in the City Hall complex on Roosevelt Avenue. All administrative functions and temporary lock-up facilities are located at this office. The Department’s vehicular fleet operates from facilities on Armistice Boulevard, adjacent to the Public Works Department Complex. The Pawtucket Fire Department maintains six active stations serving the City. The Department maintains full firefighting capabilities for multistory building fires. This is an important for the several multi-story residential complexes for seniors in the City. The Central Falls Fire Department receives mutual aid from Pawtucket for large fires and high-rise fires.
The Pawtucket Office of Emergency Management has signed memorandum of understanding (MOU) contracts with the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency (RIEMA), American Red Cross, and First Student Bus Company; and has designated shelters in the city which include Jenks Junior High School, Baldwin Elementary School, Varieur Elementary School, Curvin McCabe Elementary School and Nathaniel Greene Elementary School. These locations are designated as emergency shelters in case of a natural disaster, but can be utilized as points of distribution as well.
The Director of Emergency Management also acts as the liaison for Emergency-911 (E-911). Those responsibilities include the review and update of the E-911 Master Street Guide annually or as often as requested, verification and confirmation of street ranges, check and correction of incorrect addresses, verification and confirmation of new locations and addresses, and attendance at state and regional meetings and workshops as scheduled. The Director of Emergency Management also sits on the Urban Area Security Initiative Stakeholders group representing the City on grant funding which is made available to the City.
Section 3: Planning Area Profile 25 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
3.5. EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRY
Pawtucket Pawtucket has 5,183 businesses.15 Most workers are in the miscellaneous manufacturing field followed by retail trade and Administrative.16 After the Administrative industry, Pawtucket has approximately the same number of health care and social assistance businesses as accommodation and food service. Pawtucket many industrial buildings that are over fifty years old and in need of renovation to keep up with shipping and receiving demands. Unemployment in 2015 was 5.6%, the lowest level since 2007 but it is still above the state’s average of 4.8%.17
The Hasbro, Inc. world headquarters is in Pawtucket and is the largest manufacturing employer. Other large employers fall in several manufacturing subsectors. Microfibers, Inc., a manufacturer of stain resistant materials for upholstery, continues the link to the city’s textile roots, while the Matlet Group LLC serves commercial printing needs. Two of the largest employers were founded in the early 1900s and continue as large employers. Teknor Color Co. was founded in Pawtucket in 1924 and the Hasbro Co. in 1923. The Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island is the largest local employer.2418
In 2012, Tunstall America, a medical alert call center located a call center in a rehabbed mill and now employs over 300 people. And in August of 2015, the Pet Food Experts, a national pet food retailer and distributor, relocated its corporate headquarters and 85 jobs to 175 Main Street in downtown Pawtucket.
Central Falls Central Falls has 1,066 businesses. Most workers are in the miscellaneous manufacturing field followed by health care and social assistance.19 Textile mills and textile products are nearly equal to the health care and administrative industries. Central Falls has many industrial buildings that are over fifty years old and in need of renovation to keep up with shipping and receiving demands. Unemployment in 2015 was 6.2%, the lowest level since 2005 but it is still substantially above the state’s average of 4.8%.20
According to the 2007 Comprehensive Plan, the City’s four largest manufacturing employers were Osram/Sylvania (formerly GTE), Wardwell Braiding, Murdock Webbing and Fuller Packaging. The Wyatt Detention Center uses the former American Spinning Industries Mill and is home to people awaiting trial in federal courts. The Detention Center does provide millions of dollars into the City’s economy.
The City of Central Falls is committed to growing business and has several incentive programs including the Economic Expansion Incentive Program, the Façade Improvement Program, and the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses Program.21 The city has relied on property taxes as their
15 https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml 16 http://www.city-data.com/business/econ-Pawtucket-Rhode-Island.html 17 http://www.city-data.com/city/Pawtucket-Rhode-Island.html 18 IEDC Technical Assistance Final Report – Pawtucket, Rhode Island, p. 49 19 https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF 20 http://www.city-data.com/work/work-Central-Falls-Rhode-Island.html 21 http://www.centralfallsri.us/growing Section 3: Planning Area Profile 26 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan primary source of revenue and the base has little room to grow since the city has little open space and its people have the lowest average income in the State.22
Pawtucket and Central Falls recently completed a Riverfront Corridor Market Analysis. This study describes the riverfront corridor:23 The Blackstone River ends in downtown Pawtucket where the Seekonk River begins as a long tidal estuary and continues flowing between Providence and East Providence to join the Providence River and into Providence Harbor.5 The Pawtucket-Central Falls Riverfront Corridor contains the Roosevelt Avenue District along the west shore of the Blackstone River to Exchange Street, the Armory Arts District and Riverfront Commons District across the river on the eastern shore to I-95, and the Tidewater District south of I-95 along both sides of the Seekonk/Pawtucket River.6 The Riverfront Corridor Study Area, including the Blackstone River, is part of the John. H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley Heritage Corridor, and the Slater Mill Historic Site and Lorraine Mill area in Pawtucket will be key components of the planned John. H. Chafee Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park. A portion of the Riverfront Corridor Study Area includes the Armory Arts District abutting the Blackstone River, and the upper Tidewater District. The Study Area is within the Pawtucket Downtown National Historic District, and state-designated Growth Incentive Zone.
The Riverfront Corridor encompasses more than 200 acres of under-utilized waterfront characterized by vacant property, overgrown riverbanks, and a largely inaccessible river. Many properties are blighted, restrict visual and physical access to the river, some are contaminated or have other environmental issues. A few new owners of mill and commercial buildings have rehabilitated or renovated space for existing businesses, residential units, live-work studios, and a variety of commercial enterprises. Riverfront Corridor planning initiatives have identified several private and public property owners interested in making improvements, including redevelopment sites located at 417 Roosevelt Avenue in Central Falls, 100 Main Street, and 45 Division Street in Pawtucket.
Pawtucket and Central Falls are committed to working in tandem to develop employment and industry opportunities. Developing the Riverfront Corridor is one such example.
3.6. LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Both Pawtucket and Central Falls have small amounts of land that can be developed. For that reason, growth in each city relies on redevelopment, primarily of abandoned mills.
Pawtucket The City focuses its revitalization policies in the downtown, along the riverfront, at the future commuter rail station, mill redevelopment and brownfield redevelopment. These efforts approach development through a comprehensive lens, evaluating the transportation, economic, open space, and housing needs of the neighborhood or project site and how it can link to the larger community. This is indicative of the KeepSpace Initiative2 that the City participated in 2009 and 2010. Several efforts identified in this Comprehensive Plan are a result of the initiative and spearheaded by the Pawtucket Central Falls Development Corporation (PCFDC). Their work continues to move the KeepSpace projects forward and the City will provide support.
22 Central Falls Comprehensive Plan 2007, p.2-2. 23 Pawtucket-Central Falls Riverfront Corridor Market Analysis, p.7. Section 3: Planning Area Profile 27 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Reflective of the City’s land uses, a majority of Pawtucket is zoned for residential uses.24 Pawtucket also has historic districts and flood hazard districts. The Flood Hazard District includes all special flood hazard areas: Zone A, A1-30, AE and Zone V, V1-30, VE on the City of Pawtucket Flood Rate Maps (FIRM) and the Flood Boundary and Floodway Maps, as amended. Activities with the flood hazard areas must comply with state and federal regulations and meet performance standards.
Pawtucket is located entirely within the state’s designated Urban Services Boundary, an area served by existing public infrastructure (water, sewer, etc.) that supports development and growth. Pawtucket’s Flood Land Use Map (FLUM) shows redevelopment and reinvestment in the City’s historic economic center and along its riverfront needed economic activity to support the social and cultural vitality of the city, but in a way that is mindful of anticipated impacts by natural hazards and sea level rise.25
There are no permanently protected conservation areas in the city, and no properties have been identified within the city boundaries that are of interest for conservation purposes; however, the City will consider undeveloped land along its waterways for natural resource protection and preservation.
Central Falls Converting old and abandoned mill buildings into live/work spaces is the primary way for Central Falls to develop. Central Falls has two main streets for commercial activity, Broad Street and Dexter Street. Broad Street businesses attract customers who are crossing the City between Pawtucket and Cumberland. While Dexter Street serves neighborhood shoppers. The other shopping area is Washington Street that has several small “mom and pop” stores.
South Central Falls Historic District covers approximately 9% of the total land area of the City, the District includes 395 buildings of which 377 contribute to its architectural and historic character. Two individually listed National Register properties – the Central Street School (1881) and the Samuel B. Conant House (1895) – are included in the District.26 The Central Falls Historic Mill District has been included in the National Register of Historic Places since the mid 1970’s. The Mill District includes: • Stafford Mill Complex • Pawtucket Thread Manufacturing Company • Central Falls Woolen Mill • Pawtucket Hair Cloth Mill • Royal Weaving Mill
The cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls began examining the potential to restore access between Boston and Providence via commuter rail service in 2005. The cities believe that developing a commuter rail station would benefit the residents by increasing mobility and access to economic opportunity as well as benefit the cities overall by improving the environment and encouraging economic growth. With funding from RIDOT, Federal Transit Authority (FTA), and Federal
24 Pawtucket Comprehensive Plan, p.12 25 Pawtucket Comprehensive Plan, p.21 26 Central Falls Comprehensive Plan 2007, p.5-11. Section 3: Planning Area Profile 28 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Highway Administration (FHWA), the cities prepared a feasibility study to answer their initial questions about the viability of re-introducing commuter rail service in Pawtucket/Central Falls.
National Register of Historic Properties/ Districts27 Historic districts represent a group of buildings or sites that have been designated to be historically or architecturally significant. Pawtucket has 54 historic districts or properties and one National Historic Landmark. Central Falls has 13 historic places. Pawtucket and Central Falls share the Conant Thread-Coats & Clark Mill Complex District. Conant Thread-Coats & Clark Mill Complex Pawtucket District. • Blackstone Canal Historic District, Front Street Bridge (Lincoln) to Steeple and Promenade Streets (Providence, Pawtucket and Lincoln) (5/6/71) • Church Hill Industrial District, Main, Church, Bayley, Commerce, Hill and Pine Streets (8/12/82) • Church Hill Industrial District (Boundary Increase), 60 Dexter Street, 125 Goff Avenue, 265 Pine Street (2/7/11) • Conant Thread Company Mills, bounded by Pine, Conant, Carpenter, Coleman, Beecher Streets, and Lonsdale Avenue in Pawtucket; Lonsdale Avenue, Rand and Pine Streets in Central Falls (Pawtucket and Central Falls) (11/18/83) text | images Downtown Pawtucket Historic District, Broad, Grant, High, East, and Main Streets (4/5/07) • Exchange Street Historic District, Exchange, Front and Fountain Streets (9/6/02) • Old Slater Mill Historic Site National Historic Landmark District, Roosevelt Avenue (11/13/66) NHL • Quality Hill Historic District, Cottage and Summit Streets, and side streets (4/13/84) • Slater Park Historic District, between Armistice Boulevard and Newport Avenue (6/30/76) • South Street Historic District, South Street (11/18/83) • John F. Adams House, 11 Allen Avenue (11/18/83) • Foster-Payne House, 25 Belmont Street (11/18/83) • Leroy Theatre, 66 Broad Street (8/4/83) • Fuller Tenement House, 339-341 Broadway (11/18/83) • Fuller Tenement House, 343-345 Broadway (11/18/83) • Fire Station #4, 474 Broadway (11/18/83) • Charles Payne House, 25 Brown Street (11/18/83) • Elisha O. Potter, 67 Cedar Street (11/18/83) • Phillips Insulated Wire Company, 413 Central Avenue (3/19/04) • Division Street Bridge, Division Street (11/18/83) • Modern Diner, 364 East Avenue (10/19/78) • West High School, 485 East Avenue (11/18/83) • Frederick Scholze House, Scholze-Sayles House, 625 East Avenue (10/19/78)
27 http://www.preservation.ri.gov/register/riproperties.php Section 3: Planning Area Profile 29 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Louis Kotzow House, 641 East Avenue (11/18/83) • Pawtucket Times Building, 23 Exchange Street (11/18/83) • Pawtucket Lodge of Elks, 27 Exchange Street (11/18/83) • Pawtucket Armory, 172 Exchange Street (11/18/83) • First Ward Wardroom, 171 Fountain Street (11/18/83) • Joseph Spaulding House, 30 Fruit Street (10/22/76) • Pawtucket Post Office, 56 High Street (4/30/76) • Nathaniel Montgomery House, 178 High Street (1/19/84) • Lorenzo Crandall House, 221 High Street (11/17/78) • Standard Paper Box Corporation, 110 Kenyon Avenue (2/24/15) • Art's Auto Supply, 5-7 Lonsdale Avenue (12/15/78) • Main Street Bridge, Main Street over the Blackstone River (11/18/83) • Trinity Church, 50 Main Street (1/13/72) • Gately Building, 335 Main Street (3/20/12) • Hope Webbing Company Mill, 999–1005 Main Street (04/19/06) • Collyer Monument, Mineral Spring Avenue, in Mineral Spring Park (11/18/83) • Fifth Ward Wardroom, 47 Mulberry Street (11/18/83) • E. A. Burnham House, 17 Nickerson Street (11/18/83) • Liberty Arming the Patriot, Park Place (10/19/01) • St. Paul's Episcopal Church, 50 Park Place (11/18/83) • Church Hill Grammar School, 81 Park Place, (4/23/10) • Gilbane's, 175-191 Pawtucket Avenue (11/18/83) • St. Mary's Church Complex, between Pine and George Streets (11/18/83) • Alfred L. Childs House/Childs-Brown House, 172 Pine Street (11/18/83) • Riverside Cemetery, Pleasant Street (11/18/83) • Conant Thread Company Mills, bounded by Pine, Conant, Carpenter, Coleman, Beecher Streets, and Lonsdale Avenue in Pawtucket, Lonsdale Avenue, Rand and Pine Streets in Central Falls (Pawtucket and Central Falls) (11/18/83) • Prospect Heights Housing Project, 560 Prospect Street (12/15/15) • Bridge Mill Power Plant, 25 Roosevelt Avenue (11/18/83) • Pawtucket City Hall, 137 Roosevelt Avenue (11/18/83) • Saint Jean Baptiste Church, 68 Slater Street (11/18/83) • Deborah Cook Sayles Public Library, 13 Summer Street (12/6/75) • Pawtucket Congregational Church, 40 Walcott Street (9/18/78) • Pitcher-Goff House, 56 Walcott Street (6/24/76) • James Mitchell House, 41 Waldo Street (11/18/83) Central Falls • Central Falls Mill Historic District, between Roosevelt Avenue and Blackstone River (4/6/79) • South Central Falls Historic District, roughly bounded by Rand, Summit, Dexter and Broad Streets (1/31/91) • Jenks Park and Cogswell Tower, adjoining 580 Broad Street to the north (9/22/72) • Valley Falls Mill Complex, Broad Street and the Blackstone River (4/26/78) • Valley Falls Mill Complex Office and Bathhouse (Amendment), 1359 & 1361 Broad Street (12/12/78) Section 3: Planning Area Profile 30 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
• American Supply Company Building , 1420 Broad Street (4/24/17) • Central Street School, 379 Central Street (8/6/79) Samuel B. Conant House, 104 Clay Street (4/6/79) Benjamin F. Greene House, 85 Cross Street (4/6/79) St. Matthew's Church, Dexter & West Hunt Street (4/6/79) • Holy Trinity Church Complex, 134 Fuller Avenue (1/3/78) • Central Falls Congregational Church, 376 High Street (7/12/76) • David G. Fales House, 476 High Street (4/6/79) • Conant Thread Company Mills, bounded by Pine, Conant, Carpenter, Coleman, Beecher Streets, and Lonsdale Avenue in Pawtucket; Lonsdale Avenue, Rand and Pine Streets in Central Falls (Pawtucket and Central Falls) (11/18/83)
Section 3: Planning Area Profile 31 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
SECTION 4. MITIGATION STRATEGY
The Mitigation Strategy section provides the blueprint for the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls to follow to become less vulnerable to the negative effects of the hazards identified and addressed in this plan. It is based on the consensus of the Local Planning Team and the findings and conclusions of the Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment and Capability Assessment, in addition to the input and feedback generated through the public engagement efforts. As noted in Section 1 the strategy is also heavily based off each City’s previously adopted hazard mitigation plans. This section of the plan consists of the following subsections: 4.1. Overview 4.2. Mitigation Goals 4.3. Identification and Analysis of Possible Mitigation Activities 4.4. Selection and Prioritization of Mitigation Actions 4.5. Mitigation Action Plan (MAP)
4.1. OVERVIEW
The intent of the Mitigation Strategy is to provide the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls with a vision and overall goals that will serve as guiding principles for future mitigation policy and project administration, along with an analysis of the mitigation techniques available to meet those goals and reduce the impact of identified hazards. It is designed to comprehensive, strategic, and functional in nature. • In being comprehensive, the development of the Mitigation Strategy included a thorough review of all hazards and identifies mitigation measures intended to not only reduce the future impacts of high risk hazards, but also to help the Cities achieve compatible social, economic, and environmental goals. • In being strategic, the development of the Mitigation Strategy ensures that all actions proposed for implementation are consistent with pre‐identified and long‐term planning goals. • In being functional, each proposed mitigation action is linked to established priorities and assigned to specific departments or individuals responsible for their implementation with target completion deadlines. When necessary, funding sources are identified that can be used to assist in project implementation.
The first step in designing the Mitigation Strategy was to create an overall mission statement to be agreed upon by the Local Planning Team to represent the overall intended outcome of the plan. The final mission statement as adopted by the Local Planning Team is based off the mission statements of each City’s previous hazard mitigation plan and is as follows:
MISSION STATEMENT: Preserve and enhance the quality of life, property, and resources by identifying areas at risk from natural hazards and implementing priority hazard mitigation strategies to protect the Lower Blackstone Valley’s population, infrastructure, cultural, historic, and natural resources.
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 32 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
The next step included the identification of mitigation goals. Mitigation goals represent broad statements that are achieved through the implementation of more specific mitigation actions. These actions include both hazard mitigation policies (such as the regulation of land in known hazard areas through a local ordinance), as well as hazard mitigation projects that seek to address specifically targeted hazard risks (such as the acquisition and relocation of a repetitive loss structure).
The third step included the review of previously adopted mitigation actions (see Appendix C) in addition to the identification, consideration, and analysis of new mitigation measures to help achieve the identified mitigation goals. This is a long‐term, continuous process to be sustained through the development and maintenance of this plan. Alternative mitigation measures will continue to be considered as future mitigation opportunities are identified, as data and technology improve, as mitigation funding becomes available, and as the plan is maintained over time.
The fourth and final step in designing the Mitigation Strategy is the selection and prioritization of mitigation actions to pursue during the 2018-2023 planning cycle. The Mitigation Action Plan (MAP) reflects the specific needs, concerns, and problems identified during the planning process and represents a clear and functional plan for action. It is considered the most essential outcome of the mitigation planning process.
The MAP includes a prioritized listing of proposed hazard mitigation actions (policies and projects) for the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls to implement during this planning cycle. Many of these actions are also linked back to specific actions or activities as identified in each City’s previously adopted local hazard mitigation plan. Each action has accompanying information, such as those departments or individuals assigned responsibility for implementation, potential funding sources, and an estimated target date for completion. The MAP provides the departments or individuals responsible for implementing mitigation actions with a clear roadmap that also serves as an important tool for monitoring success or progress over time. The cohesive collection of actions listed in the MAP can also serve as an easily understood menu of mitigation policies and projects for local decision makers who want to quickly review the recommendations and proposed actions of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.
In preparing the Mitigation Action Plan, the Local Planning Team considered the overall hazard risk and capability to mitigate the effects of hazards as recorded through the risk and capability assessment process, in addition to meeting the adopted mission statement and mitigation goals. Prioritization of the proposed mitigation actions was based on the factors outlined in subsection 4.4.
4.2. MITIGATION GOALS
The Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls developed four goal statements for this Multi- Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. In developing these goals, careful consideration was given to the goals as identified for each City’s previous hazard mitigation plan in addition to the wide range of strategies, goals, and actions from other community plans to ensure consistency and cross- integration. The goals are presented in Table 4-1.
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 33 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 4-1: Mitigation Goals
Goal #1 Protect the lives and property of community members from natural hazards.
Protect existing and future critical facilities and infrastructure from natural Goal #2 hazards.
Goal #3 Protect cultural, historic, and natural resources from natural hazards.
Prepare community members for the types of natural hazards that can affect the Goal #4 area through education and outreach initiatives.
These mitigation goals were developed, discussed, and finalized by the Local Planning Team at the third and fourth LPT meetings. Each goal, purposefully broad in nature, serves to establish the parameters that were used to review and update existing mitigation actions and to aid in formulating new ones. The consistent implementation of mitigation actions over time will ensure that these mitigation goals are achieved.
4.3. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
In formulating the Mitigation Strategy, a wide range of activities was considered to help achieve the established mitigation goals in addition to addressing specific hazard concerns. As described and more fully documented in Appendix C, these activities were reviewed and discussed during Local Planning Team meetings and were also sought through public and stakeholder engagement efforts. This systematic review of a wide range of activities was completed to ensure that all possible mitigation measures were explored.
In general, all activities considered by the Local Planning Team may be classified under one of the following four broad categories of mitigation techniques: local plans and regulations, structure and infrastructure projects, natural systems protection, and education and awareness programs. There is also a fifth common category of techniques which are described below as “Other Types of Actions.” These techniques support hazard mitigation but typically fall into other phases of emergency management, such as preparedness or response. All five categories are briefly described with example types of actions below.
Local Plans and Regulations Mitigation actions that fall under this category include government authorities, policies, or codes hat influence the way land and buildings are developed and built. Examples of these types of actions include: • Floodplain regulations • Coastal setbacks/erosion regulations • Master plans • Land use ordinances • Subdivision regulations • Development review • Building codes and enforcement • NFIP Community Rating System • Capital improvement programs • Open space preservation Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 34 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Stormwater management regulations
Structure and Infrastructure Projects Mitigation actions that fall under this category involve modifying existing structures and infrastructure to protect them from a hazard or remove them from a hazard area. This could apply to public or private structures as well as critical facilities and infrastructure. This type of action also involves projects to construct manmade structures to reduce the impact of hazards. Many of these types of actions are projects eligible for funding through the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) program. Examples of these types of actions include: • Acquisitions and elevations of structures in flood prone areas • Utility undergrounding • Structural retrofits and upgrades • Seawalls, floodwalls, and retaining walls • Detention and retention structures • Storm drain improvements, culverts, and channel modifications • Safe rooms
Natural Systems Protection Mitigation actions that fall under this category seek to use nature-based solutions to minimize damage and losses from hazards while providing the co-benefits that often come from preserving or restoring the functions of natural systems. Examples of these types of actions include: • Dune and coastal barrier protection • Sediment and erosion control • Stream corridor restoration • Forest management • Conservation easements • Wetland restoration and preservation • Natural area and functions protection
Education and Awareness Programs Mitigation actions that fall under this category inform and educate citizens, government officials, and property owners about natural hazards and potential ways to mitigate their risk. Although this type of mitigation reduces risk less directly than structural projects or certain regulatory policies, it is an important foundation. A greater understanding and awareness of hazards and risk among the public and key targeted stakeholders is more likely to lead to direct actions. Examples of these types of mitigation actions include: • Radio or television spots • Library collections and websites with hazard maps and information • Real estate disclosure • Technical assistance on hazard mitigation • Presentations to school groups or neighborhood organizations • Mailings to residents in hazard-prone areas • Participation in national risk awareness or emergency preparedness programs such as FEMA’s High Water Mark initiative, the National Weather Service’s StormReady program, and the National Fire Protection Association’s Firewise USA program
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 35 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Other Types of Actions The Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls may wish to include other types of actions in their Mitigation Action Plan that does not fit into one of the categories listed above. In some cases, these may not be viewed as pure examples of mitigation, but they may be related in ways that make sense from a local planning viewpoint. Further, some of the traditional “emergency response” activities are encouraged by FEMA and the Insurance Services Office, Inc. to be included in local hazard mitigation plans in order to receive credit under the Community Rating System (CRS). Examples of these types of actions include: • Hazard warning systems • Disaster response operations (including evacuation, sheltering, etc.) • Backup power generation and supply (e.g., generators) • Post-disaster recovery and mitigation actions
4.4. SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF MITIGATION ACTIONS
All the above mitigation categories and actions, including their pros and cons and applicability for Pawtucket and Central Falls, were discussed with the Local Planning Team. The identification, evaluation, and selection of specific mitigation actions for each City’s Mitigation Action Plan were carefully considered and discussed through multiple means including multiple LPT and open public meetings, the Public Opinion Survey, and individual discussions with and feedback from municipal staff. They were also heavily based on the issues or problems identified through the findings and conclusions resulting from the Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment and Capability Assessment. In order to prioritize the mitigation actions selected for inclusion in the plan, the LPT revisited the findings of the Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment and Capability Assessment (in terms of overall hazard risk and capability to mitigate) in addition to the input and feedback generated through the public engagement efforts. Prioritizing mitigation actions was based primarily on the following five factors: (1) the mitigation action’s anticipated effect on overall risk to life and property; (2) its ease of implementation; (3) the degree of political and community support; (4) its general cost‐ effectiveness28; and (5) funding availability (if applicable).
Using the above criteria, the priority for each mitigation action was determined by classifying each action as high, moderate, or low priority. These priority levels can be generally described as follows: • High Priority: The most immediate, cost-effective and appropriate actions preferably to be accomplished in the short to mid-term (1-2 year) planning horizon. • Moderate Priority: Fairly urgent, cost-effective and appropriate actions but with some possible difficulties associated with implementation. Preferably accomplished in the mid to long-term (2-4 year) planning horizon. • Low Priority: Not urgent, but an action to be considered for implementation at some point over the long-term (4+ years) when implementation is deemed most appropriate.
28 A general economic cost/benefit review was conducted as part of selecting and prioritizing mitigation actions. Mitigation actions with “high” priority were determined to be the most cost effective and most compatible with the Cities’ unique needs. A more detailed cost/benefit analysis will be conducted as part of an application for funding, as appropriate. Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 36 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
4.5. MITIGATION ACTION PLAN (MAP)
This Mitigation Action Plan (MAP) lists all mitigation actions proposed by the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls for implementation during the 2018-2023 planning cycle. The MAP has been designed to address the established goals of this plan (Section 4.2), and they are focused on those hazards and vulnerabilities presenting the highest potential threats to the planning area as determined through the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (Appendix A). Mitigation actions are also based on each City’s existing local capability as described in the Capability Assessment (Appendix B). The MAP will be maintained on a regular basis according to the plan maintenance procedures established in Section 5.
The MAP is presented in tabular format for each City with the following attribute information for each identified action: • Action # – a unique identifier assigned to each action. • Action Title – provides a brief summary of the proposed action. • Action Description – describes the action in more detail, with some background on the issue or problem it will address. • Mitigation Goal – identifies the specific mitigation goal(s) the action is intended to help achieve as established in Section 4.2. • Mitigation Category – identifies the category for mitigation techniques the action falls under as established in Section 4.3. • Hazard(s) Addressed – indicates the specific hazard(s) the action will attempt to mitigate. • Estimated Cost – provides a general cost estimate, if applicable, or indicates other resources required for implementation (e.g., “City staff time”). • Potential Funding Source – identifies potential funding sources, if applicable. • Lead Department – Indicates the department or agency with primary responsibility to carry the action out. • Implementation Schedule – Indicates the anticipated timeframe to complete the action as follows: Short Term = 0 to 6 months; Medium Term = 6 to 18 months; Long Term = 18 months to 5 years. • Priority – Classifies the action as a High, Moderate, or Low Priority based on the criteria established in Section 4.4.
An overall tabular summary of all proposed mitigation actions for the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls is provided in Tables 4-2 and 4-3, respectively, beginning on page 98. Theses summary tables include all the above attribute information with exception of the detailed action description.
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 37 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #1 – EMAP Accreditation
Description The City will pursue accreditation for both Pawtucket and the City of Central Falls under the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP). EMAP, the voluntary standards, assessment, and accreditation process for disaster preparedness programs throughout the country, fosters excellence and accountability in emergency management and homeland security programs, by establishing credible standards applied in a peer review accreditation process.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time, consultant time
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, City Budget Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA
Implementation January 2019 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 38 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #2 – Increased CRS Rating
Description The City will continue to enhance its floodplain management capabilities and activities in order to achieve a higher class rating under FEMA's Community Rating System (CRS). While currently a Class 8 community, the City can achieve a higher class through the implementation of more creditable activities, which would translate into higher premium discounts for NFIP policyholders throughout the community.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time, consultant time
Potential Funding City Budget Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA, DPR
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 39 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #3 – Debris Management Plan
Description The City will regularly update the adopted debris management plan for collecting and disposing of debris after a storm event. Locations where debris can be collected are established, with different locations for potentially hazardous debris, such as propone tanks. A list of hazardous material handlers regulated by the EPA can be found at http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/em/index/html.
Mitigation Goal 1, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding City Budget, grants Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA
Implementation January 2019 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 40 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #4 – Maintain and Regularly Update Parcel-Base GIS Database
Description The City hired a full-time GIS Coordinator in 2016 to maintain and regularly update GIS data, and produce both interactive and static maps for city departments and residents. Accurate GIS data will result in better emergency service provision and hazard mitigation. The City will continue efforts to update the GIS Geodatabase for changes and develop an update/maintenance schedule to be conducted at a minimum of a 6- month cycle.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding RIDEM, City Budget Source
Lead Department Public Works
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 41 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #5 – Building Code Compliance Enforcement
Description The Building Commissioner/Zoning Compliance Officer will continue to enforce regulations regarding wind resistance, flood mitigation, and earthquake resistance. Information regarding natural hazard vulnerability will be provided to potential homeowners and considered as building permits are reviewed.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding Private land owners, RIEMA, FEMA Source
Lead Department Building and Code Enforcement
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 42 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #6 – Low-Impact Development
Description Encourage the incorporation of Low-Impact Development (LID) techniques in local subdivision regulations and site/neighborhood development plans. Revise sediment control and post construction stormwater management thresholds included in the Zoning Ordinance.
Mitigation Goal 1, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department DPR
Implementation January 2019 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 43 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #7 – Recovery and Reconstruction Ordinance
Description The City should continue to improve disaster resiliency. In the event of an emergency - once critical life and safety issues and vital public services have been reestablished, emphasis should be placed on the long-term recovery of the community, balancing the need to rebuild rapidly and return to normal against the objective of building back in a more resilient manner. Collaboration on a Regional Recovery and Reconstruction Ordinance could identify/facilitate resource and cost-sharing opportunities, as well as higher utilization of municipal services to those areas within the region most in need.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost $15,000
Potential Funding City Budget, grants Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA, DPR, Zoning
Implementation January 2021 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 44 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #8 – Publicly-Owned Dam Inspection, Classification, and Maintenance
Description All dams in Pawtucket and those in Cumberland under the Pawtucket Water Supply Board’s jurisdiction will be inspected to determine their vulnerability to failure during a flood. Brush and trees will be cleared at dams, as necessary. The maintenance and protection of the dams are critical to the preservation of the quality of the water in the water supply system. As dams in need of repair, replacement, or removal are identified, a plan for remediation should be developed. A schedule for dam inspection will be established and maintained by the PWSB. Development of Emergency Action Plans for high and/or significant hazard dams will be implemented (and distributed as applicable) as per DEM’s Rules and Regulations for Dam Safety
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Dam Failure Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding PWSB Budget Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA, Pawtucket Water Supply Board (PWSB)
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 45 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #9 – Develop Actionable Strategy to Address Repetitive Loss Properties
Description According to FEMA records, four (4) repetitive loss properties in the city have accounted for 14 losses and nearly $1.5 million in flood losses. The City will conduct a Repetitive Loss Area Analysis as prescribed through CRS Activity 510 and will reach out to the owners of these properties to determine potential flood mitigation measures to reduce their vulnerability to future flood events.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding REIMA, City Budget Source
Lead Department Pawtucket DPR
Implementation July 2019 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 46 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #10 – Increase Green Infrastructure
Description The City shall identify and prioritize investments in nature-based solutions to mitigate natural hazards and a changing climate, including the use of green infrastructure (bioswales, rain gardens, permeable pavement, tree plantings, green/blue roofs, water squares, etc.) that reduce impervious surface coverage and provide multiple co-benefits for the community that go beyond risk reduction. These techniques should be applied to all future infrastructure improvements to help protect the City from the impacts of a changing climate including increased heavy downpours and flood events, as well as extreme heat.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2, 3
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood, Extreme Heat Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding City Budget, RIDEM Source
Lead Department Pawtucket DPW
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 47 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #11 – Relocate the City's Fuel Depots
Description The City's existing DPW fuel depots are vulnerable to repeated flooding from heavy rain events, which prevent access to underground storage tanks by the City for refueling vehicles and other equipment. The primary cause is inadequate stormwater drainage for the low-lying areas the fuel depots are located.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost High
Potential Funding FEMA (HMA) Source
Lead Department DPW
Implementation January 2021 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 48 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #12 – Privately-Owned Dam/Flood Control Devices Inspection, Classification, and Maintenance
Description All privately-owned dams in Cumberland that may directly or indirectly impact the PWSB’s water resources, and high-hazard dams in Attleboro will be inspected to determine their vulnerability to failure during a flood. Brush and trees will be cleared at dams, as necessary. The maintenance and protection of the dams are critical to the preservation of the quality of the water in the water supply system. As dams in need of repair, replacement, or removal are identified, a plan for remediation should be developed. A schedule for dam inspection will be established and maintained by the owner and coordinated with the PWSB. Development of Emergency Action Plans for high and/or significant hazard dams will be implemented (and distributed as applicable) as per DEM’s Rules and Regulations for Dam Safety, December 2007, as amended.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Dam Failure Addressed
Estimated Cost Private ownership
Potential Funding Private funding Source
Lead Department Pawtucket Water Supply Board (PWSB)
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 49 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #13 – Public Housing Units
Description Inspect public housing and implement any necessary mitigation measures to reduce risk due to flooding, high winds or fire. Galego Court, in particular, experiences flooding due to its proximity to the Moshassuck River and CSO capacity issues. This site also maintains a daycare center (special population).
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent upon remediation measure
Potential Funding Pawtucket Housing Authority Budget, HUD, RIEMA, FEMA Source
Lead Department Pawtucket Housing Authority
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 50 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #14 – Ensuring the Safety of Elderly Housing and Public Housing
Description Natural hazards occurring on a citywide basis are a threat to all elderly housing and public housing facilities in the city. The Building Official will provide assistance towards self-assessment of these structures as to their vulnerability to hazard affecting Pawtucket. Retrofitting will be recommended/conducted as necessary.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent upon remediation measure
Potential Funding Grants Source
Lead Department Private Property Owners
Implementation January 2021 Schedule
Priority Low
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 51 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #15 – City Hall
Description Retrofit tower at City Hall for high winds. The architecture of City Hall leaves the tower open to damage from high winds and major storm events.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Coastal Storm; Severe Weather Addressed
Estimated Cost High
Potential Funding CIP, RIEMA, FEMA, City Bond Source
Lead Department DPW (Public Buildings)
Implementation January 2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 52 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #16 – Installation of Underground Overflow Tanks
Description Installation of underground overflow tanks in the areas subject to the most severe flooding. Because the City is so densely developed, in most areas there is no land to purchase to assist with the flood abatement by using retention ponds and the underground overflow tanks are the only feasible option.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Variable but estimated at $40,000 per installation
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, City Capital Improvement Program (CIP) Source
Lead Department DPW (Highway and Bridges Division)
Implementation January 2022 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 53 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #17 – Localized Flooding of Roadways
Description There are various areas in the City that experience repetitive flooding and road washout during heavy rains. A preliminary citywide inventory of streets subject to repetitive flooding and washout is listed below. Public ways that are prone to flooding and/or washout have been catalogued but the full scale of required drainage improvements has not been completed. Continued drainage improvements should be completed as funding provides to alleviate flooding and maintain roadway passability during emergency events.
Road / Flood Prone Section Armistice Boulevard / Vicinity of DPW Center (drainage) Mineral Spring Avenue / (drainage, elevation) Pinecrest Drive / Rear of properties (poor design) Grand Avenue / @ the London Avenue intersection (drainage) Grenville St./Grotto Avenue / Vicinity of Moshassuck River (poor design)
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent upon structure/remediation measure
Potential Funding City budget, City Bond, CIP Source
Lead Department DPW (Highway and Bridges Division)
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 54 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #18 – Bridge Inspection
Description All City bridges will be inspected for structural integrity to determine their individual vulnerability to damage in the event of flood or earthquake. Bridges will be retrofitted as needed. A schedule of inspection will be developed to ensure that all bridges are maintained at a high level of safety.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood; Earthquake Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent upon structure/remediation measure
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, CIP, RIDOT Source
Lead Department DPW (Highway and Bridges Division)
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 55 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #19 – Emergency Procedure for Gas/Electrical Lines Running on Bridges
Description Secure gas pipes and electric wiring with collars along low-lying bridges. When Blackstone, Moshassuck, and Ten Mile River levels are elevated, the water is dangerously close to damaging utility cabling and piping. Winter ice creates additional risks. It would create an extremely dangerous situation if a gas pipe ruptured or if wires were to break and dangle in the water due to the stress caused by the water flow. Utility relocation is extremely expensive therefore the collar is the most sound near-term mitigation measure. Also, coordinate with National Grid to create a plan for timely shutdown of gas lines in the event of bridge collapse and line disruption.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood; Severe Winter Storm Addressed
Estimated Cost Approximately $10,000 per bridge
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, CIP Source
Lead Department DPW (Highway and Bridges Division)
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 56 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #20 – Emergency Procedure for Water Lines Running on Bridges
Description The Pawtucket Water Supply Board already has emergency plans in place to respond to broken water lines. These plans deal with shutting down the water and protecting the water supply from contamination. The Pawtucket Water Supply Board will review these plans and determine if they adequately cover the possibility of a bridge being damaged by flood or earthquake and the possibility of water supply contamination that could result in floodwaters entering the system. In addition, the Pawtucket Water Supply Board will analyze the water service maps in order to ensure that water can be adequately supplied to all customers even after a bridge has been damaged.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood; Earthquake Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding Pawtucket Water Supply Board Source
Lead Department DPW (Highway and Bridges Division), Pawtucket Water Supply Board
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Low
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 57 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #21 – Elevate Low-Lying Bridges/Culverts
Description Implement the installation of fencing along the upside of the Blackstone River at several bridges (utilizing secured federal funding). In addition to protecting utility infrastructure, elevating low-lying bridges/culverts ensures that evacuation routes are preserved during serious flooding caused by a hurricane or other storm event.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent on scope of modification
Potential Funding RIDOT, City Bond, CIP Source
Lead Department DPW (Highway and Bridges Division)
Implementation January 2022 Schedule
Priority Low
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 58 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #22 – Industries in the Floodplain
Description Flood proof existing structures in the floodplain. As required by NFIP standards, after flooding or storm surge damage or a major renovation that is more than 50 percent of a structure’s market value, it is necessary to bring the structure up to current code.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent on scope of improvements, private property owners
Potential Funding Private land owners, RIEMA, FEMA Source
Lead Department Building and Code Enforcement
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 59 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #23 – Develop Retrofit (Dry/Wet Floodproof, Elevation) Program
Description Promote and support enforcement of the latest CRMC policy revisions relative to climate change and sea level rise within Rhode Island, based on coordinated efforts with the Rhode Island State Building Commission, Coastal Resources Center (CRC), and RI Sea Grant. Existing and proposed structures in the floodplain should be elevated to the 100-year base flood elevation, as well as incorporating an additional freeboard, to accommodate projected sea level rise impacts. The City will make FEMA manuals that reference coastal construction practices for homeowners and contractors. Consider developing public/private partnership incentives to implement mitigation measures in coordination with local, state, and federal funding opportunities. Incentives could include tax incentives, cost sharing, and regulatory streamlining or acceleration of the permit process for those who implement mitigation activities.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost N/A
Potential Funding Private land owners, RIEMA, FEMA Source
Lead Department Building and Code Enforcement
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 60 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #24 – Masonry Apartments and Mill Buildings
Description There are several apartment and mill buildings in the City built prior to state building codes regarding earthquake resistance were adopted. The Building Officials Office will provide assistance to property owners conducting self-evaluations of their property’s structural vulnerability to earthquakes. A collection of retrofit techniques will be compiled and made available to property owners.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Earthquake Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding Private land owners, RIEMA, FEMA Source
Lead Department Building and Code Enforcement
Implementation January 2021 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 61 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #25 – School Vulnerability
Description Periodically inspect and evaluate school buildings for code compliance as well as their vulnerability to damage from natural hazard events. Important school records will be stored in a manner to protect them from damage.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding Pawtucket School Department Budget, CIP Source
Lead Department Building and Code Enforcement, Fire Department
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 62 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #26 – Installation of Video Monitoring System - Monitor Capacity and Condition of Sewer Infrastructure
Description Identify funding opportunities or local regulations to facilitate camera monitoring of sewer line capacity. Many sewer lines in the City are over 150 years old. It is far too expensive to replace all lines and update the entire City (99% of the City is on the municipal system). It has also proven costly to wait and fix areas as they give out or break. It is far more cost effective to find the weakest areas of the system and repair/replace them before they fail.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost $50,000
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, CIP, DEM Source
Lead Department DPW (Sewer and Sanitation Division)
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 63 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #27 – Continue to Implement Infrastructure Replacement Plan
Description Maintain annual priorities for infrastructure replacement and repair including public ways, utilities, utility poles, and public buildings. It has proven to be more cost effective to identify and mitigate infrastructure issues to prevent further deterioration and emergency repair.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Variable (Dependent on Location and Damage)
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, CIP, RIDOT Source
Lead Department DPW (Sewer and Sanitation Division)
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 64 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #28 – Installation of Seawall at Narragansett Electric’s Substation
Description Repair and/or install new seawall infrastructure as needed along the Seekonk River, particularly in proximity to the active Narragansett Electric electrical substation serving Pawtucket.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost High
Potential Funding Private funding Source
Lead Department Narragansett Electric (National Grid)
Implementation January 2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 65 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #29 – Backflow Prevention Valve Rebate Program
Description Reestablish the rebate program to encourage residents to install backflow prevention valves. The City has a very popular rebate program for private property owners to install back flow prevention valves. The source of rebate funding expired but many residents have continued to express interest in the program.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost $500 per rebate
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, City Budget, Private land owners Source
Lead Department DPR
Implementation January 2021 Schedule
Priority Low
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 66 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #30 – Acquire and Preserve Open Space along the Moshassuck River
Description To reduce future flood losses and preserve the natural and beneficial functions of floodplains, the City will seek to acquire and preserve additional open space for areas prone to flooding, and particularly along the Moshassuck River.
Mitigation Goal 3
Mitigation Natural Systems Protection Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Variable dependent on size, location, condition of land
Potential Funding CDBG, CIP, RIDEM Source
Lead Department DPR, PRA, Mayor's Office
Implementation January 2021 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 67 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #31 – Preservation of Water Supply Reservoirs and their Watersheds
Description The PWSB will continue efforts to preserve land and limit development around the City of Pawtucket’s water resources, located predominantly in the Town of Cumberland. The PWSB will develop a priority list for future land acquisitions and continue to work with the Water Resources Board, DEM and Cumberland Land Trust in securing funding for land acquisitions through fee simple purchase, or purchase of development rights (preferred, cost effective approach).
Mitigation Goal 3
Mitigation Natural Systems Protection Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent upon property acquisition
Potential Funding City budget, Water Resources Board, DEM, Cumberland Source Land Trust
Lead Department Pawtucket Water Supply Board (PWSB)
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Low
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 68 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #32 – Contain Hazardous Materials
Description Property owners will be contacted, and these businesses will be requested to develop plans that ensure the containment of hazardous materials in the event of a severe storm or hurricane. Special attention will be paid to underground storage tanks that could float or rupture in the event of flooding.
Mitigation Goal 3
Mitigation Natural Systems Protection Category
Hazard(s) Coastal Storm Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Pawtucket Fire Department
Implementation January 2022 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 69 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #33 – Open Space Acquisition
Description Maintain and secure land as open space in flood zones is one way to keep the number of people and homes vulnerable to severe storms and flooding from expanding. The City will continue to take steps to protect land in flood zones. As a priority list of properties targeted for open space acquisition is developed, hazard mitigation of flood prone areas, will be an important part of the prioritization process. Attention will also be given to providing public access and habitat protection.
Mitigation Goal 3
Mitigation Natural Systems Protection Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost Varies dependent upon property acquisition
Potential Funding City budget, grants, FEMA, DEM Source
Lead Department DPR, PRA, Mayor's Office
Implementation January 2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 70 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #34 – Volunteer Disaster Resistance Program
Description Work with Federal/State agencies, partner organizations, and the City to educate municipal officials, residents and businesses about projected sea level rise/climate change impacts and potential management solutions.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Education and Awareness Programs Category
Hazard(s) Sea Level Rise / Climate Change Impacts Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time or dependent upon level of training
Potential Funding City Budget, grants Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA
Implementation January 2019 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 71 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #35 – Public Information, Outreach and Incentive Program
Description The City will provide information to contractors and homeowners on risks of building in hazard-prone areas and inform builders and homeowners of the benefits of building and renovating structures to current standards. The City will use FEMA’s Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal Construction (Publication #499), FEMA’s Coastal Construction Manual (Publication #55CD Third Edition), No Adverse Impact (NAI) Coastal Land Management Guidelines developed by the Association of State Floodplain Managers, and other FEMA publications, as applicable.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Education and Awareness Programs Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding Private land owners, RIEMA, FEMA Source
Lead Department Building and Code Enforcement
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 72 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #36 – Information Brochure
Description Property owners will be informed of their natural hazard vulnerabilities: this information will be passed on to renters as well. In addition, these brochures will encourage residents and businesses in vulnerable areas to develop emergency action plans and to assess the ability of their structure to withstand flooding, high winds, and earthquakes. Instructions for self- assessment of structure vulnerabilities will be included. Techniques homeowners can utilize on their properties for long-term hazard mitigation and for protection from impending storms will be compiled and distributed to properties located in vulnerable areas, and will include a detail of city evacuation routes and shelters. The brochure will also be distributed to area builders and contractors.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Education and Awareness Programs Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding City budget, grants Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 73 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #37 – Mass Care Facility Equipment
Description Purchase 150 KW emergency power source for two mass care facilities (McCabe and Varieur). Both of those schools are emergency shelters and need a source of emergency power in the event of a power outage associated with a hurricane or other event where evacuation has been initiated.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost $160,000 each
Potential Funding FEMA (EMPG); City budget/soft-match Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA
Implementation July 2019 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 74 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #38 – Volunteer Disaster Assistance Officer
Description Volunteers working at the community level, or even at the neighborhood level, are a tremendous asset to hazard mitigation efforts before, during, and after a natural hazard event. The Preparedness Officer coordinates community mitigation activities, acts as a local hazard information resource, and offers assistance to residents not able to help themselves. In preparation for an impending disaster, volunteer residents managed by the Preparedness Officer prepare home and facilitate evacuations if necessary. After a disaster, qualified volunteers provide an initial damage report to City agencies and aid resident clean-up efforts. The City maintains a full time Preparedness Officer position to manage, train, and prepare response staff, particularly volunteer residents including discussion of liability issues, hazard mitigation techniques that homeowners can perform, a description of how the City would operate during and after an emergency, and other information deemed necessary. The City will advocate for and explore funding opportunities to maintain this Preparedness Officer position.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding City Budget, grants Source
Lead Department Pawtucket EMA
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 75 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #39 – Elderly and Special Needs Residents
Description The Housing Authority will continue to update/maintain a list of elderly and special needs residents living independently in the City, and coordinate with the Police Department. The list will be divided by evacuation area and susceptibility to hazards, in the event an evacuation is necessary.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Pawtucket Housing Authority
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 76 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #40 – Business Continuation
Description The Police Department in coordination with the Chamber of Commerce will maintain and update strategies to help local businesses in flood prone areas recover from the effects of a natural disaster. These strategies include organizing business owners for collective clean-up of their properties after a disaster and the creation of a list of businesses and the people connected with those businesses that are authorized to enter the businesses in the period of time immediately following a disaster. This list is used by the Police Dept. in their role of guarding properties after a disaster. The Police Dept. maintains criteria for determining when safety considerations outweigh the rights of a given business owner to access their property. The Pawtucket EMA maintains and updates the City’s Continuity of Operations and Preparedness Plan (COOP) in coordination with RIEMA guidelines.
Mitigation Goal 1, 4
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Pawtucket Police Department
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 77 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #41 – Coordinate Evacuation Plans with Neighboring Municipalities
Description The Pawtucket Police and Emergency Management departments will work with neighboring communities including Central Falls to coordinate evacuation plans.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Pawtucket Police Department
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 78 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #42 – Maintain Viable Evacuation Routes
Description As part of the City’s tree maintenance program, priority will be placed on trimming and maintaining the health of trees identified as running along evacuation routes and roads offering a single point of access to flood prone neighborhoods.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department DPW (Highway and Bridges Division)
Implementation January 2020 Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 79 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #43 – GIS Integration Citywide
Description Continue to regularly update GIS capabilities throughout City departments for use in emergency situations. Accurate GIS data can assist various city departments with response actions such as street closings, rerouting of traffic, water main breaks, sewer system backups, flooding, etc.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, City Budget Source
Lead Department DPR
Implementation 2018-2023 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 80 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Pawtucket Mitigation Action #44 – Publish Evacuation Routes
Description Provide evacuation route and emergency shelter maps on the City of Pawtucket website and distribute hard copy materials at public events. EMA will continue to distribute information materials to the public that will include map information.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Emergency Services Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Addressed
Estimated Cost Staff time
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department DPR
Implementation January 2019 Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 81 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #1 – Evaluate the properties along the Blackstone River and determine what actions will alleviate the flooding for affected streets.
Description In order to determine the severity of the problem and determine steps that can be taken to reduce or eliminate the flooding, the properties along the Blackstone River need to be evaluated; Determine which actions (e.g. new drainage, culverts, etc.) will reduce the water collection on the affected streets; Identify funding sources and perform the corrective action needed to repair the flood affected streets.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost No additional cost
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 82 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #2 – Reduce Urban Heat Island effect
Description Increasing tree plantings around buildings and on streets to shade parking lots and along public rights-of-way; Encouraging installation of green/solar roofs, which will provide shade and remove heat from the roof surface and surrounding air; Using cool roofing products that reflect sunlight and heat away from a building.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Extreme Temperatures Addressed
Estimated Cost $1,000,000
Potential Funding City capital budget, grants, private property owners Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 83 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #3 – Improve Stormwater Management Planning
Description Completing a stormwater drainage study for known problem areas; Preparing and adopting a stormwater drainage plan and ordinance; Preparing and adopting a community-wide stormwater management master plan; Requiring a drainage study with new development; Encouraging the use of Low Impact Development techniques.
Mitigation Goal 2, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost $200,000
Potential Funding City capital budget Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 12 to 24 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 84 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #4 – Adopt Polices to Reduce Stormwater Runoff
Description Requiring Developers to plan for on-site sediment retention; Requiring developers to construct on-site retention basins for excessive stormwater and as a firefighting water source; Encouraging the use of porous pavement, vegetative buffers, and island in large parking areas; Conforming pavement to land contours so as not to provide easier avenues for stormwater; Encouraging the use of permeable driveways and surfaces to reduce runoff and increase groundwater recharge.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost No additional cost
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 2 to 5 years Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 85 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #5 – Improve Flood Risk Assessment
Description Revising and updating regulatory floodplain maps; Developing and maintaining a database to track community exposure to flood risk; Incorporating the procedures for tracking high water marks following a flood into emergency response plans; Conducting a verification study of FEMA's repetitive loss inventory and developing an associated tracking database; Regularly calculating and documenting the amount of flood- prone property preserved as open space.
Mitigation Goal 1
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost To be determined
Potential Funding FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grant programs, as applicable Source
Lead Department Emergency Management Agency and Planning Department
Implementation 2 to 5 years Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 86 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #6 – Manage Floodplain Beyond Minimum Requirements
Description Incorporating the ASFPM's "No Adverse Impact" policy into local floodplain management programs; Developing an educational flyer targeting NFIP policyholders on increased cost of compliance during post- flood damage assessments.
Mitigation Goal 1, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost No additional cost
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Emergency Management Agency
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 87 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #7 – Participate in the CRS
Description Advising the public about the local flood hazard, flood insurance, and flood protection measures; Enacting and enforcing regulations that exceed NFIP minimum standards so that more flood protection is provided for new development; Implementing damage reduction measures for existing buildings such as acquisition, relocation, retrofitting, and maintenance of drainageways and retention basins; taking action to minimize the effects of flooding on people, property, and building contents through measures including flood warning, emergency response, and evacuation planning.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost No additional cost
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 88 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #8 – Map Community Risk
Description incorporating a GIS system/management plan for tracking permitting, land use patterns, etc.; Obtaining hazard data and using GIS to map risk for various hazards.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Hazards Addressed
Estimated Cost No additional cost
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Department of Planning and Economic Development
Implementation 12 to 24 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 89 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #9 – Integrate Mitigation into Local Planning
Description Incorporating risk assessment and hazard mitigation principles into comprehensive planning efforts; Incorporating a stand-alone element for hazard mitigation into the local comprehensive (land-use) plan; Incorporating hazard mitigation into broader growth management (i.e. Smart Growth) initiatives; Incorporating a hazard risk assessment into the local development and subdivision review process; Ensuring natural hazards are considered in all land suitability analyses (LSA); Determining and enforcing acceptable land uses to alleviate the risk of damage by limiting exposure in such hazard areas; Involving citizens in comprehensive planning activities that identify and mitigate hazards.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2, 3
Mitigation Local Plans and Regulations Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Hazards Addressed
Estimated Cost No additional cost
Potential Funding N/A Source
Lead Department Department of Planning and Economic Development
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 90 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #10 – Take necessary steps to mitigate the effects of the flooding along the Blackstone River.
Description Once the proposed evaluation for at-risk properties is completed, secure financing and perform the necessary tasks to help alleviate the problem affecting each property; Remove Existing Structures from Flood Hazard Areas.
Mitigation Goal 1, 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost To be determined
Potential Funding City budget, FEMA, NFIP, other grants Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement, Property Owners
Implementation 2 to 5 years Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 91 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #11 – Improve Stormwater Drainage System Capacity
Description Installing, re-routing, or increasing the capacity of a storm drainage system; Increasing drainage or absorption capacities with detention and retention basins, relief drains, spillways, drain widening/dredging or rerouting, logjam and debris removal; and extra culverts in flood-prone areas.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost $5,000,000
Potential Funding Capital Budget, State Funding, Stormwater Utility? Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 2 to 5 years Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 92 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #12 – Conduct Regular Maintenance for Drainage Systems and Flood Control Structures
Description Performing regular drainage system maintenance, such as sediment and debris clearance, as well as detection and prevention of discharges into stormwater and sewer systems from home footing drains, downspouts, or sewer pumps; Routinely cleaning and repairing stormwater drains; Regularly clearing sediment build-up on riverbanks near aerial lines; Incorporating ice jams prevention techniques as appropriate.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Flood Addressed
Estimated Cost To be determined
Potential Funding City budget, Stormwater Utility? Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 93 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #13 – Protect Critical Facilities and Equipment
Description Installing lightning protection devices and methods, such as lightning rods and grounding, on communications infrastructure and other critical facilities; Installing and maintaining surge protection on critical electronic equipment.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Lightning Addressed
Estimated Cost $20,000
Potential Funding Capital budget, Trust Source
Lead Department City Clerk
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 94 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #14 – Protect Existing Power Lines and Infrastructure
Description Establishing standards for all utilities regarding tree pruning around lines; Incorporating inspection and management of hazardous trees into the drainage system maintenance process; Inspecting utility poles to ensure they meet specifications and are wind resistant.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Severe Wind Addressed
Estimated Cost To be determined
Potential Funding City budget Source
Lead Department Department of Public Works and Code Enforcement
Implementation 6 months Schedule
Priority High
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 95 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #15 – Bury Power Lines
Description Burying power lines to provide uninterrupted power after severe winds, considering both maintenance and repair issues.
Mitigation Goal 2
Mitigation Structure and Infrastructure Projects Category
Hazard(s) Severe Winter Weather Addressed
Estimated Cost $100,000,000
Potential Funding Capital budget Source
Lead Department Department of Planning and Economic Development
Implementation 2 to 5 years Schedule
Priority Low
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 96 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Central Falls Mitigation Action #16 – Educate Public about Multiple Hazards
Description Prepare materials to be made available to the residents of the community, in a variety of languages, that instruct them on how to prepare for a natural disaster, where shelters are located and evacuation routes.
Mitigation Goal 4
Mitigation Education and Awareness Programs Category
Hazard(s) Multiple Hazards Addressed
Estimated Cost $5,000
Potential Funding RIEMA, FEMA, City Funding Source
Lead Department Hazard Mitigation Committee, Emergency Management Director
Implementation 12 to 24 months Schedule
Priority Medium
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 97 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 4-2: Mitigation Action Plan (MAP) Summary, City of Pawtucket Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source 1 EMAP Accreditation 1, 2 Local Plans and Multiple Staff time, RIEMA, FEMA, Pawtucket January 2019 High Regulations consultant City Budget EMA time 2 Increased CRS Rating 1, 2, 3 Local Plans and Flood Staff time, City Budget Pawtucket January 2020 Medium Regulations consultant EMA, DPR time 3 Debris Management 1, 3 Local Plans and Multiple Staff time City Budget, Pawtucket January 2019 Medium Plan Regulations grants EMA 4 Maintain and Regularly 1 Local Plans and Multiple Staff time RIDEM, City Public Works 2018-2023 High Update Parcel-Base GIS Regulations Budget Database 5 Building Code 1, 4 Local Plans and Multiple Staff time Private land Building and 2018-2023 High Compliance Regulations owners, Code Enforcement RIEMA, FEMA Enforcement 6 Low-Impact 1, 3 Local Plans and Flood Staff time N/A DPR January 2019 Medium Development Regulations 7 Recovery and 1, 2 Local Plans and Multiple $15,000 City Budget, Pawtucket January 2021 Medium Reconstruction Regulations grants EMA, DPR, Ordinance Zoning 8 Publicly-Owned Dam 1, 2 Structure and Dam Failure Staff time PWSB Budget Pawtucket 2018-2023 Medium Inspection, Infrastructure EMA, Classification, and Projects Pawtucket Maintenance Water Supply Board (PWSB) 9 Develop Actionable 1, 4 Structure and Flood Staff time REIMA, City Pawtucket July 2019 High Strategy to Address Infrastructure Budget DPR Repetitive Loss Projects Properties 10 Increase Green 1, 2, 3 Structure and Flood, Extreme Staff time City Budget, Pawtucket January 2020 High Infrastructure Infrastructure Heat RIDEM DPW Projects
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 98 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source 11 Relocate the City's Fuel 2 Structure and Flood High FEMA (HMA) DPW January 2021 Medium Depots Infrastructure Projects 12 Privately-Owned 1, 2 Structure and Dam Failure Private Private Pawtucket 2018-2023 Medium Dam/Flood Control Infrastructure ownership funding Water Supply Devices Inspection, Projects Board Classification, and (PWSB) Maintenance 13 Public Housing Units 1, 2 Structure and Multiple Varies Pawtucket Pawtucket January 2020 Medium Infrastructure dependent Housing Housing Projects upon Authority Authority remediation Budget, HUD, measure RIEMA, FEMA 14 Ensuring the Safety of 1, 2 Structure and Multiple Varies Grants Private January 2021 Low Elderly Housing and Infrastructure dependent Property Public Housing Projects upon Owners remediation measure 15 City Hall 2 Structure and Coastal Storm; High CIP, RIEMA, DPW (Public January 2023 Medium Infrastructure Severe FEMA, City Buildings) Projects Weather Bond 16 Installation of 2 Structure and Flood Variable but RIEMA, FEMA, DPW January 2022 Medium Underground Overflow Infrastructure estimated at City Capital (Highway and Tanks Projects $40,000 per Improvement Bridges installation Program (CIP) Division) 17 Localized Flooding of 2 Structure and Flood Varies City budget, DPW January 2020 High Roadways Infrastructure dependent City Bond, CIP (Highway and Projects upon Bridges structure/re Division) mediation measure 18 Bridge Inspection 2 Structure and Flood; Varies RIEMA, FEMA, DPW 2018-2023 Medium Infrastructure Earthquake dependent CIP, RIDOT (Highway and Projects upon Bridges structure/re Division)
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 99 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source mediation measure 19 Emergency Procedure 2 Structure and Flood; Severe Approximate RIEMA, FEMA, DPW January 2020 Medium for Gas/Electrical Lines Infrastructure Winter Storm ly $10,000 CIP (Highway and Running on Bridges Projects per bridge Bridges Division) 20 Emergency Procedure 2 Structure and Flood; Staff time Pawtucket DPW 2018-2023 Low for Water Lines Running Infrastructure Earthquake Water Supply (Highway and on Bridges Projects Board Bridges Division), Pawtucket Water Supply Board 21 Elevate Low-Lying 2 Structure and Flood Varies RIDOT, City DPW January 2022 Low Bridges/Culverts Infrastructure dependent Bond, CIP (Highway and Projects on scope of Bridges modification Division) 22 Industries in the 1, 2 Structure and Flood Varies Private land Building and 2018-2023 High Floodplain Infrastructure dependent owners, Code Projects on scope of RIEMA, FEMA Enforcement improvemen ts, private property owners 23 Develop Retrofit 1, 2 Structure and Flood N/A Private land Building and January 2020 Medium (Dry/Wet Floodproof, Infrastructure owners, Code Elevation) Program Projects RIEMA, FEMA Enforcement 24 Masonry Apartments 1, 2 Structure and Earthquake Staff time Private land Building and January 2021 Medium and Mill Buildings Infrastructure owners, Code Projects RIEMA, FEMA Enforcement 25 School Vulnerability 2 Structure and Multiple Staff time Pawtucket Building and 2018-2023 Medium Infrastructure School Code Projects Department Enforcement, Budget, CIP Fire Department
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 100 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source 26 Installation of Video 2 Structure and Flood $50,000 RIEMA, FEMA, DPW (Sewer January 2020 High Monitoring System - Infrastructure CIP, DEM and Monitor Capacity and Projects Sanitation Condition of Sewer Division) Infrastructure 27 Continue to Implement 2 Structure and Flood Variable RIEMA, FEMA, DPW (Sewer 2018-2023 Medium Infrastructure Infrastructure (Dependent CIP, RIDOT and Replacement Plan Projects on Location Sanitation and Damage) Division) 28 Installation of Seawall at 2 Structure and Flood High Private Narragansett January 2023 Medium Narragansett Electric’s Infrastructure funding Electric Substation Projects (National Grid) 29 Backflow Prevention 1, 4 Structure and Flood $500 per RIEMA, FEMA, DPR January 2021 Low Valve Rebate Program Infrastructure rebate City Budget, Projects Private land owners 30 Acquire and Preserve 3 Natural Systems Flood Variable CDBG, CIP, DPR, PRA, January 2021 Medium Open Space along the Protection dependent RIDEM Mayor's Moshassuck River on size, Office location, condition of land 31 Preservation of Water 3 Natural Systems Flood Varies City budget, Pawtucket January 2020 Low Supply Reservoirs and Protection dependent Water Water Supply their Watersheds upon Resources Board property Board, DEM, (PWSB) acquisition Cumberland Land Trust 32 Contain Hazardous 3 Natural Systems Coastal Storm Staff time N/A Pawtucket January 2022 Medium Materials Protection Fire Department 33 Open Space Acquisition 3 Natural Systems Flood Varies City budget, DPR, PRA, January 2023 Medium Protection dependent grants, FEMA, Mayor's upon DEM Office
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 101 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source property acquisition 34 Volunteer Disaster 1, 4 Education and Sea Level Rise Staff time or City Budget, Pawtucket January 2019 Medium Resistance Program Awareness / Climate dependent grants EMA Programs Change upon level of Impacts training 35 Public Information, 1, 4 Education and Multiple Staff time Private land Building and 2018-2023 High Outreach and Incentive Awareness owners, Code Program Programs RIEMA, FEMA Enforcement 36 Information Brochure 1, 4 Education and Multiple Staff time City budget, Pawtucket 2018-2023 Medium Awareness grants EMA Programs 37 Mass Care Facility 1 Emergency Multiple $160,000 FEMA Pawtucket July 2019 High Equipment Services each (EMPG); City EMA budget/soft- match 38 Volunteer Disaster 1, 4 Emergency Multiple Staff time City Budget, Pawtucket 2018-2023 Medium Assistance Officer Services grants EMA 39 Elderly and Special 1 Emergency Multiple Staff time N/A Pawtucket 2018-2023 High Needs Residents Services Housing Authority 40 Business Continuation 1, 4 Emergency Multiple Staff time N/A Pawtucket January 2020 Medium Services Police Department 41 Coordinate Evacuation 1 Emergency Multiple Staff time N/A Pawtucket January 2020 Medium Plans with Neighboring Services Police Municipalities Department 42 Maintain Viable 1, 2 Emergency Multiple Staff time N/A DPW January 2020 Medium Evacuation Routes Services (Highway and Bridges Division) 43 GIS Integration Citywide 1 Emergency Multiple Staff time RIEMA, FEMA, DPR 2018-2023 High Services City Budget 44 Publish Evacuation 1 Emergency Multiple Staff time N/A DPR January 2019 High Routes Services
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 102 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 4-3: Mitigation Action Plan (MAP) Summary, City of Central Falls Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source 1 Evaluate the properties 1 Local Plans and Flood No N/A Department 6 months High along the Blackstone Regulations additional of Public River and determine cost Works and what actions will Code alleviate the flooding for Enforcement affected streets. 2 Reduce Urban Heat 1 Local Plans and Extreme $1,000,000 City capital Department 6 months High Island effect Regulations Temperatures budget, of Public grants, private Works and property Code owners Enforcement 3 Improve Stormwater 2, 3 Local Plans and Flood $200,000 City capital Department 12 to 24 months High Management Planning Regulations budget of Public Works and Code Enforcement 4 Adopt Polices to Reduce 1, 2, 3 Local Plans and Flood No N/A Department 2 to 5 years Medium Stormwater Runoff Regulations additional of Public cost Works and Code Enforcement 5 Improve Flood Risk 1 Local Plans and Flood To be Emergency 2 to 5 years Medium Assessment Regulations determined Management Agency and Planning Department 6 Manage Floodplain 1, 3 Local Plans and Flood No N/A Emergency 6 months High Beyond Minimum Regulations additional Management Requirements cost Agency 7 Participate in the CRS 1, 2, 3 Local Plans and Flood No N/A Department 6 months Medium Regulations additional of Public cost Works and Code Enforcement
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 103 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source 8 Map Community Risk 1, 2, 3 Local Plans and Multiple No N/A Department 12 to 24 months High Regulations Hazards additional of Planning cost and Economic Development 9 Integrate Mitigation into 1, 2, 3 Local Plans and Multiple No N/A Department 6 months High Local Planning Regulations Hazards additional of Planning cost and Economic Development 10 Take necessary steps to 1, 2 Structure and Flood To be City budget, Department 2 to 5 years High mitigate the effects of Infrastructure determined FEMA, NFIP, of Public the flooding along the Projects other grants Works and Blackstone River. Code Enforcement, Property Owners 11 Improve Stormwater 2 Structure and Flood $5,000,000 Capital Department 2 to 5 years High Drainage System Infrastructure Budget, State of Public Capacity Projects Funding, Works and Stormwater Code Utility? Enforcement 12 Conduct Regular 2 Structure and Flood To be City budget, Department 6 months High Maintenance for Infrastructure determined Stormwater of Public Drainage Systems and Projects Utility? Works and Flood Control Structures Code Enforcement 13 Protect Critical Facilities 2 Structure and Lightning $20,000 Capital City Clerk 6 months High and Equipment Infrastructure budget, Trust Projects 14 Protect Existing Power 2 Structure and Severe Wind To be City budget Department 6 months High Lines and Infrastructure Infrastructure determined of Public Projects Works and Code Enforcement 15 Bury Power Lines 2 Structure and Severe Winter $100,000,00 Capital budget Department 2 to 5 years Low Infrastructure Weather 0 of Planning Projects
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 104 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Potential Action Mitigation Mitigation Hazard(s) Estimated Lead Implementation Action Title Funding Priority # Goal Category Addressed Cost Department Schedule Source and Economic Development 16 Educate Public about 4 Education and Multiple $5,000 RIEMA, Hazard 12 to 24 months Medium Multiple Hazards Awareness Hazards FEMA, City Mitigation Programs Funding Committee, Emergency Management Director
Section 4: Mitigation Strategy 105 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
SECTION 5. PLAN MAINTENANCE
The Plan Maintenance section outlines how the plan will be implemented, monitored, evaluated, and enhanced over time. This section also discusses how the public will continue to be involved in the hazard mitigation planning process. It consists of the following three subsections: 5.1. Plan Implementation and Integration 5.2. Monitoring, Evaluation, and Enhancement 5.3. Continued Public Involvement
5.1. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND INTEGRATION
The Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls are responsible for implementing specific mitigation actions as identified in the Mitigation Action Plan in Section 4 (Mitigation Strategy). While the overall responsibility for plan implementation remains with the City of Pawtucket’s Department of Planning and Redevelopment and Emergency Management Agency, each proposed action has been assigned to a specific City department with overall responsibility and accountability for carrying the action out. In addition, a proposed implementation schedule has been assigned to each mitigation action to help drive progress toward completion and to assess whether actions are being implemented in a timely fashion.
Plan implementation will be accomplished by adhering to the schedules identified for each action. In some cases, the completion of an action may be contingent on access to outside funding or other resources, and when applicable, potential funding sources have also been identified. The City of Pawtucket’s Department of Planning and Redevelopment and Emergency Management Agency, in coordination with representatives from applicable lead departments from both cities, will monitor funding opportunities that could be leveraged to implement some of the costlier actions. It will be the responsibility of each lead department to determine additional implementation measures beyond those listed within the Mitigation Action Plan. This includes integrating mitigation actions into other local planning documents, processes, or mechanisms as deemed appropriate and most effective.
The Local Planning Team (LPT) will remain tasked with ensuring that the goals and strategies of new and updated local planning documents are consistent with the goals and actions of the multi- jurisdictional hazard mitigation plan and will not contribute to increased hazard vulnerability in the planning area. Opportunities to integrate the requirements of this plan into other local planning mechanisms shall continue to be identified through future meetings of the LPT and through the five‐year review process described in this section. Other local planning mechanisms include but are not limited to other City plans, policies, procedures, projects, and other routine City government activities such as capital improvement planning and each City’s annual budget process.
Although it is recognized that there are many possible benefits to integrating components of this plan into other local planning mechanisms, the development and maintenance of this stand‐alone plan is currently considered by the LPT to be the most effective and appropriate method to implement local hazard mitigation actions. However, it should also be noted that both cities will continue to include amendments to their local comprehensive plans that incorporate the theme of hazard mitigation.
Section 5: Plan Maintenance 106 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
5.2. MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND ENHANCEMENT
Monitoring, evaluating, and enhancing the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan are important steps in maintaining an effective document. Periodic revisions and updates of the plan may be required to ensure that the goals of the plan are kept current, considering potential changes in hazard vulnerability and mitigation priorities. In addition, revisions may be necessary to ensure that the plan is in full compliance with applicable federal, state and local regulations. Periodic evaluation of the Plan will also ensure that specific mitigation actions are being reviewed and carried out according to the Mitigation Action Plan included in Section 4. As such, the Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls adopt the following specific procedures to support routine plan maintenance and updates: • The agency with the overall responsibility for monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of the plan is the City of Pawtucket’s Department of Planning and Redevelopment in coordination with the Emergency Management Agency. To assist in this process, Department staff will routinely update the status of each mitigation action by using the MS Excel-based Mitigation Action Tracker developed as part of this plan in coordination with other staff from both cities, and specifically those representatives from agencies identified as the lead department for mitigation actions. The Mitigation Action Tracker will help facilitate the routine submission, review, and discussion of status updates on each action on regular and recurring basis (twice per year at a minimum, but more frequently as needed). • The LPT will be the primary advisory body for plan implementation, and will reconvene at least once per year for an annual plan review meeting. The LPT will also reconvene following any disaster events warranting a re-examination of the mitigation actions being implemented or proposed as new activities (further described under Post-Disaster Plan Review and Update). This will ensure that the plan is continuously updated to reflect changing conditions and needs within the planning area. The annual plan review meeting should take place in the fall of each year so that sufficient time is available for both cities to assess the status of any mitigation actions relevant to the upcoming year and in advance of local budget processes, so that any locally funded projects or activities may be considered. • Within 2 months following the annual plan review meeting, an annual progress report on the plan will be developed and presented to the Planning Commission and City Council of both cities to report on the status and advancement of actions identified in the plan and to provide information on any updates to relevant legislative requirements. The report may also highlight any proposed additions, amendments, or improvements required for the plan to increase its overall effectiveness. The preparation of the annual progress report should also be coordinated in tandem with annual reporting requirements of the Community Rating System (CRS) as appropriate for each city.
As part of this monitoring, evaluation and enhancement process, staff from both cities will continue to attend any relevant meetings and/or training workshops sponsored by the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency (RIEMA) or others as appropriate to keep up to date with any changing guidance or requirements for hazard mitigation plans.
Five-Year Plan Review and Update At a minimum, the plan will undergo a comprehensive review, update, and re-adoption every five years as required by federal regulations and per the current planning guidance from RIEMA and
Section 5: Plan Maintenance 107 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
FEMA. This review and update process will be overseen by the LPT to determine whether there have been any significant changes in the planning area that may, in turn, necessitate changes to plan content. This includes changes in local hazard risks, mitigation capabilities, or in the types of mitigation actions being implemented. New development in identified hazard areas, an increased exposure to hazards, the increase or decrease in capability to address hazards, and changes to federal or state legislation are examples of factors that may affect changes in the content of the current plan.
The plan review provides City staff and other identified stakeholders with an opportunity to evaluate those actions that have been successful and to explore the possibility of documenting potential losses avoided due to the implementation of specific mitigation measures. The plan review also provides the opportunity to address mitigation actions that may not have been successfully implemented. The City of Pawtucket’s Department of Planning and Redevelopment will be responsible for reconvening the LPT and conducting the five-year plan review. This includes inquiring with RIEMA on the availability of funding support to assist with the update process at least one year in advance of the process getting underway.
During the five-year plan review process, the following questions will be considered as criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the plan and potential improvements: • Do the current mitigation goals and actions address current and expected conditions? • Has the nature or magnitude of hazard risks changed? • Are current resources adequate to implement the plan? • Has the implementation of identified mitigation actions resulted in expected outcomes? • Are there any issues that have limited the current implementation schedule? • Are there implementation problems, such as technical, political, legal, or coordination issues with other agencies?
Following the five-year review, any revisions or updates will be summarized and implemented according to the reporting procedures outlined below. Upon completion of the review and update process, the updated plan will be submitted to RIEMA and FEMA for review and approval as required per current plan update requirements.
Reporting Procedures The results of the five-year plan review will be summarized by the LPT in the relevant sections of the updated plan in accordance with the latest planning guidance from RIEMA and FEMA. This includes the following: a comprehensive description of the plan update process including an evaluation of plan effectiveness (Section 2); any updates to the planning area profile (Section 3); any notable revisions or updates to the hazard analysis and risk assessment (Appendix A) or capability assessment (Appendix B); updated mitigation goals and consideration of mitigation action alternatives, along with status updates on previously adopted mitigation action plans and the identification of newly proposed mitigation actions (Section 4); and revisions or updates to plan maintenance procedures (Section 5).
As noted above, the Mitigation Action Tracker will also help both cities assess and report on their previously adopted mitigation actions, and when necessary, adjust actions to address current conditions or realities. One of the most important steps in updating the plan will be to revisit, revise, and/or reaffirm the Mitigation Strategy section, particularly considering experiences and
Section 5: Plan Maintenance 108 Cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan insights gained from the implementation of the current plan. The Mitigation Action Tracker will help the LPT to address questions such as those listed below to provide information updated information on the current status of each mitigation action included in the plan. • If the action was completed, did it have the intended results? Did it achieve the goals outlined in the plan? What factors contributed to success? • If the action was not completed, what were the barriers to implementation? For instance, was there a lack of political support, funding, staff availability, or another obstacle? Should the action be included in the mitigation strategy for the updated plan?
Post-Disaster Plan Review and Update Following a state or federal disaster declaration, the LPT will reconvene and the plan will be revised as necessary to reflect lessons learned or to address specific circumstances arising from the event. In some circumstances it may be necessary for the LPT to convene following localized emergencies and disasters to determine if changes in the plan are warranted. The City of Pawtucket’s Director of Planning and Emergency Management Director will determine on a case-by-case basis which events necessitate convening a meeting to consider modifying the plan, including but not limited to the identification and prioritization of existing mitigation actions. It will be the responsibility of the City of Pawtucket’s Department of Planning and Redevelopment to reconvene LPT and ensure that the appropriate stakeholders are invited to participate in the plan revision and update process.
5.3. CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Public participation is an integral component of the mitigation planning process and will continue to be essential as this plan evolves and is updated over time.
The most appropriate and meaningful opportunities for the public to be involved in the maintenance and implementation of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is during the five-year plan review process as described earlier in this section. Public engagement in the plan review and update process will be solicited through multiple means and as similarly done for the 2017 plan update process (this includes formal public meetings in addition to other potential engagement activities). While the five-year plan review process represents the greatest opportunity for such involvement, other efforts to involve the public in the maintenance, evaluation, and enhancement process will continue to be made as necessary. These efforts may include but are not limited to the following: • Advertising meetings of the LPT in the local newspaper, public bulletin boards, social media outlets, Cable Access TV, and/or City office buildings. • Designating willing citizens and private sector representatives as official members of the LPT. • Working with children through existing school programs and other appropriate means to engage children, parents and other adults. • Utilizing local media to update the public of any maintenance and/or periodic review activities taking place. • Utilizing City websites to advertise any maintenance and/or periodic review activities taking place. • Maintaining copies of the plan in city halls, libraries, and/or other appropriate venues. • Posting annual progress reports on the plan to City websites. Section 5: Plan Maintenance 109