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"The Front" Send Her Copies of "Ancient Books on Emperors, Kings, Ministers and Generals" So She Could "Learn How to Bec,Ome Emperor."

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25 CENTS :~: :":'~"3 DECEMBER 1976 Gamma-Liaison Chinese Army Occupies Fukien Province Post-Mao Regime Faces Time of Troubles PLA soldiers mobilized to support Hua. >~& Teng Hsiao-ping who was purged as a "capital­ For WorkelS ist roader" during the Cultural Revolution and, . ¥ like Teng, restored to office in 1973-reportedly .' Political Revolution has been physically attacked in public; he now I. spends most of his time either away from the .....tlt , To Oust the Stalinist province or else safely sequestered in his offices. Nevertheless, the Chinese Stalinist bureauc­ Bureaucracy! racy claims that the clashes in Fukien are a continuation of the so-called "two-line struggle" which climaxed early last month in the purge November 28-During the past month in People~s of the "gang of four": Chiang Ching, Wang China, as the Peking regime continued its cam­ Hung-wen, Chang Chun-chiao and Yao Wen­ paign to discredit the so-called "gang of four" yuan. According to a Fukien radio broadcast, purged in early October, the internecine feuding the "gang of four" had incited the recent vio­ within the Chinese Stalinist bureaucracy has lence by "poking their nose into Fukien and mushroomed, erupting in violent clashes through­ instructing a very small number of people to out at least one region. practice revisionism and splittism, to engage in According to Chinese radio broadcasts, Chair­ conspiracies and stir up bourgeois factionalism" man Hua Kuo-feng> earlier this month ordered (quoted in New York Times. 26 November). the People's Liberation Army to occupy "vari­ ous cities, rural villages, factories, mines, Charges Galore government offices, schools and neighborhoods" in the· southeast coastal province of Fukien in It is certainly not impossible that among the order to "positively assist local party committees bureaucratic antagonists involved in the FUkien in their work" (quoted in New York Times, fighting are political supporters of Chiang, Chang, 26 November). Wang and Yao. But these days such sensational Other Chinese reports in recent days indicate accusations-that the "gangoffour" is responsible that the military had been sent to occupy Fu­ for every evil and calamity in China (except for kien and that Hua Kuo-feng was also rushed to the recent earthquakes)-are churned out daily by the scene after armed clashes between rival the ruling Stalinist bureaucracy in Peking. ~ I elements in the bureaucracy broke out on Octo­ To the extent that th~ official charges against I " t ' I·r;. 'J' 4 ,., ber 27. The extent of the chaos in the region the "gang of four" and their anonymous allies are Recent wall poster in China: the "gang of four" was revealed by the same report, which stated at all specific, they are almost invariably limited to are today denounced as "capital ist roaders. " that army officers had "personally led office accusations of personal criminality and individual employees" to ensure that they performed their bureaucratic excesses, both egregious and trivial. jobs. Thus, in addi lion to allegedly "poking their nose in­ • Chiang Ching led her "gang" in "persecuting To date, the situation prevailing in Fukieri to Fukien," other charges recently leveled against Mao" and later, when the Chairman lay dying, still appears murky. In the past year, however, Chiang and her cohorts include the following: she had to be coaxed away from a poker game there reportedly have been riots and civil dis­ • The "gang of four" attempted to "disrupt pro­ to go to his bedside. orders in the province, a p par e n t I Y fueled by duction" by insisting that trains should run • While visiting an army' unit on Hainan Island long-standing antagonisms between local officials on time and that safety regulations should be in the South China Sea;iChiang Ching ordered an who had been purged or'demoted during the Cul­ observed. Meanwhile, they "sabotaged produc­ artillery battery to halt a firing drill so that tural Revolution, and those who had risen in the tion," for example, by instrUcting certain "class she could collect sea shells on the beach. apparatus in that period at their expense. enemies" working i1 the textile industry to sew • When not "weaving plots in secret dungeons, " On more than one occasion Fukien provincial one button of the wrong color on each blouse the "gang of four" frequently met at Chiang party head Liao Chih-kao-a close associate of produced for export. Ching's "great mansion" within the Forbidden City to view forbidden "yellow movies" (surrep­ titiously obtained from Hong Kong and Hollywood) and to "gorge themselves with food and drink." On another occasion Chiang Ching intervened to ... page 3 forbid the screening of a film, "The Pioneers," 'TheFFenth",":,::":." ...... .": ", .:".:.:" ":": ';' .. :... which had been made on the orders of the late Chou En-lai. • Chiang Ching demanded that state libraries levOlutionol.IS4S "The Front" send her copies of "ancient books on emperors, kings, ministers and generals" so she could "learn how to bec,ome emperor." ... ·.page & • On a visit to a state,farm in 1970 Chiang Ching "was not satisfied with the bed and bedsheets , after they had been changed several times." She also demanded that "motor vehicles deliver­ ing things to her should switeh off the engine ·lbe·f~alld:of.A~goIan one kilometer away and then be pushed by more than 20 strong militiamen." ... ii.<~'_~.··· ..···.·······.I· ··<~.<.<ii:«. ····i .. '........... And these are the "crimes" which allegedly 2 • '" .···.·····.····.. '.:' ... ..·...,111511.··.< '.,'.:.: ... :'.: ...... :.:" ... ,... ,.,::...... ,.::: .. :": ...... ::.:: ........ :.: ...: .. ,.:::,.. :.~.:': ... ..:,.:-.:: ··:·.:.... ... ::.. ........................••.•• ::.::":.:: ........ :: ... :.: ... :.::.: ...:~.-. .,e .. 5'·· t h rea ten e d a nation of 800,000,000 with the continued on page 10 2 YOUNG SPARTACUS ever undertaken. Following the failure of the' Russian-modeled five-year plan in 1957, the Maoist bureaucracy attempted to bypass the nec­ essary expansion of heavy industry through the, creation of massive state farms ("communes"), ambitious water-conservation projects and prim­ It's Not Nice To Fool Mother Nature itive rural industry (the' "backyard steel fur- . naces"). Trofim D. Lysenko, former high priest of Yet Lysenko found the opportunity for a come­ Mobilized with promises of "full communism" pseudo-scientific agronomy in the Soviet Union back after 1958, when Khrushchev attempted to within fifteen years, the Chinese working masses died in obscurity on November 20. Out of powe; switch to corn farming overnight and to extend were put under enormous pressure to produce, since the demise of Khrushchev in 1964, Ly­ wheat farming to the "virgin lands" of Siberia. and the demands on scientists and technicians senko epitomized the disastrous utopian­ Once again Lysenko came to dominate the agri­ were commensurate. As a result of "thought re­ adventurist side of Sta­ cultural sciences by offering the Stalinist bur­ form" and "putting politics in command," Chinese linist bureaucratic eco­ eaucracy ambitious schemes which would sup­ scientists claimed during the "Great Leap" that nomic planning. posedly multiply agricultural production. One the myriad low -efficiency/p<?or -quality "backyard T.D. Lysenko rose such disastrous gimmick called for expanding steel furnaces" actually outperformed the mosr to prominence d uri n g fertilizer production by mixing superphosphates modern blast furnaces. (Actually, the steel pro­ the first Russian Five with lime -which resulted in the decomposition duced was of such inferior quality that very little Year Plan, when Stalin of the expensive superphosphate. During this was usable.) Likewise, mining engineers prom­ attempted to compen­ period Lysenko. also managed to seriously set ised to boost output to levels more than;ten times sate for his previous back the Soviet dairy industry by his crackpot that of record levels in the West. "socialism-at-a-snail's­ cattle~breeding schemes, which led to the des­ In the midst of this madness Chinese doc­ pace" policy through tructionof entire breeds of pedigreed cattle. tors announced that they would cure cancer with­ massiVe' fo l' c ed col­ Lysenko slipped into obscurity only after the in thr,ee years. Similarly, a forestry offiCial, lectivization of agri­ downfall of Khrushchev, who was purged in part folloWlllg Lysenko's attempts to "transform culture and break­ for his disasterous agricultural policies. Lysenko nature," proclaimed that millions of acres of n~ck industrialization. Lysenko claimed to be left behinCl him the decimation of a generation barren deserts and mountain slopes would soon able to greatly increase crop yields through of the finest Soviet genetiCists and agronomists, be covered with forests, adding "greater miracles schemes which allegedly would turn winter wheat the stunting of crucially necessary biological can be expected in the future" (Peking People's into spring wheat and grow sugar beets in the research and the wholesale destruction of agri­ Daily, 10 April 1960). blistering summer heat of Soviet Central Asia. cultural resources at a time when the Russian The bureaucratic utopianism of the "Great Denying the existence of genes, Lysenko as­ masses endured tremendous economic privations. Leap," exacerbated by bad weather and the abrupt serted that "proper upbringing" could trans­ withdrawal of Russian aid, led to the greatest form plants in any desired direction and tha-f Lysenkoism and bureaucratic adventurism by economic collapse in the history
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