25 CENTS :~: :":'~"3 DECEMBER 1976

Gamma-Liaison Chinese Army Occupies Fukien Province Post-Mao Regime Faces

Time of Troubles PLA soldiers mobilized to support Hua. >~&

Teng Hsiao-ping who was purged as a "capital­ For WorkelS ist roader" during the Cultural Revolution and, . ¥ like Teng, restored to office in 1973-reportedly .' Political Revolution has been physically attacked in public; he now I. spends most of his time either away from the .....tlt , To Oust the Stalinist province or else safely sequestered in his offices. Nevertheless, the Chinese Stalinist bureauc­ Bureaucracy! racy claims that the clashes in Fukien are a continuation of the so-called "two-line struggle" which climaxed early last month in the purge November 28-During the past month in People~s of the "gang of four": Chiang Ching, Wang China, as the Peking regime continued its cam­ Hung-wen, Chang Chun-chiao and Yao Wen­ paign to discredit the so-called "gang of four" yuan. According to a Fukien radio broadcast, purged in early October, the internecine feuding the "gang of four" had incited the recent vio­ within the Chinese Stalinist bureaucracy has lence by "poking their nose into Fukien and mushroomed, erupting in violent clashes through­ instructing a very small number of people to out at least one region. practice revisionism and splittism, to engage in According to Chinese radio broadcasts, Chair­ conspiracies and stir up bourgeois factionalism" man Hua Kuo-feng> earlier this month ordered (quoted in New York Times. 26 November). the People's Liberation Army to occupy "vari­ ous cities, rural villages, factories, mines, Charges Galore government offices, schools and neighborhoods" in the· southeast coastal province of Fukien in It is certainly not impossible that among the order to "positively assist local party committees bureaucratic antagonists involved in the FUkien in their work" (quoted in New York Times, fighting are political supporters of Chiang, Chang, 26 November). Wang and Yao. But these days such sensational Other Chinese reports in recent days indicate accusations-that the "gangoffour" is responsible that the military had been sent to occupy Fu­ for every evil and calamity in China (except for kien and that Hua Kuo-feng was also rushed to the recent earthquakes)-are churned out daily by the scene after armed clashes between rival the ruling Stalinist bureaucracy in Peking. ~ I elements in the bureaucracy broke out on Octo­ To the extent that th~ official charges against I " t ' I·r;. 'J' 4 ,., ber 27. The extent of the chaos in the region the "gang of four" and their anonymous allies are Recent wall poster in China: the "gang of four" was revealed by the same report, which stated at all specific, they are almost invariably limited to are today denounced as "capital ist roaders. " that army officers had "personally led office accusations of personal criminality and individual employees" to ensure that they performed their bureaucratic excesses, both egregious and trivial. jobs. Thus, in addi lion to allegedly "poking their nose in­ • Chiang Ching led her "gang" in "persecuting To date, the situation prevailing in Fukieri to Fukien," other charges recently leveled against Mao" and later, when the Chairman lay dying, still appears murky. In the past year, however, Chiang and her cohorts include the following: she had to be coaxed away from a poker game there reportedly have been riots and civil dis­ • The "gang of four" attempted to "disrupt pro­ to go to his bedside. orders in the province, a p par e n t I Y fueled by duction" by insisting that trains should run • While visiting an army' unit on Hainan Island long-standing antagonisms between local officials on time and that safety regulations should be in the South China Sea;iChiang Ching ordered an who had been purged or'demoted during the Cul­ observed. Meanwhile, they "sabotaged produc­ artillery battery to halt a firing drill so that tural Revolution, and those who had risen in the tion," for example, by instrUcting certain "class she could collect sea shells on the beach. apparatus in that period at their expense. enemies" working i1 the textile industry to sew • When not "weaving plots in secret dungeons, " On more than one occasion Fukien provincial one button of the wrong color on each blouse the "gang of four" frequently met at Chiang party head Liao Chih-kao-a close associate of produced for export. Ching's "great mansion" within the Forbidden City to view forbidden "yellow movies" (surrep­ titiously obtained from Hong Kong and Hollywood) and to "gorge themselves with food and drink." On another occasion Chiang Ching intervened to ... page 3 forbid the screening of a film, "The Pioneers,"

'TheFFenth",":,::":." ...... ": ", .:".:.:" ":": ';' .. :... . which had been made on the orders of the late Chou En-lai. • Chiang Ching demanded that state libraries levOlutionol.IS4S "The Front" send her copies of "ancient books on emperors, kings, ministers and generals" so she could "learn how to bec,ome emperor." ... ·.page & • On a visit to a state,farm in 1970 Chiang Ching "was not satisfied with the bed and bedsheets , after they had been changed several times." She also demanded that "motor vehicles deliver­ ing things to her should switeh off the engine ·lbe·f~alld:of.A~goIan one kilometer away and then be pushed by more than 20 strong militiamen." ... ii.<~'_~.··· ..···.·······.I· ··<~.<.

ever undertaken. Following the failure of the' Russian-modeled five-year plan in 1957, the Maoist bureaucracy attempted to bypass the nec­ essary expansion of heavy industry through the, creation of massive state farms ("communes"), ambitious water-conservation projects and prim­ It's Not Nice To Fool Mother Nature itive rural industry (the' "backyard steel fur- . naces"). Trofim D. Lysenko, former high priest of Yet Lysenko found the opportunity for a come­ Mobilized with promises of "full communism" pseudo-scientific agronomy in the Soviet Union back after 1958, when Khrushchev attempted to within fifteen years, the Chinese working masses died in obscurity on November 20. Out of powe; switch to corn farming overnight and to extend were put under enormous pressure to produce, since the demise of Khrushchev in 1964, Ly­ wheat farming to the "virgin lands" of Siberia. and the demands on scientists and technicians senko epitomized the disastrous utopian­ Once again Lysenko came to dominate the agri­ were commensurate. As a result of "thought re­ adventurist side of Sta­ cultural sciences by offering the Stalinist bur­ form" and "putting politics in command," Chinese linist bureaucratic eco­ eaucracy ambitious schemes which would sup­ scientists claimed during the "Great Leap" that nomic planning. posedly multiply agricultural production. One the myriad low -efficiency/p of Stalin, Lysenko and other kindred miracle mong­ ers, who, claimed to be able to achieve fantas­ tic increases in output without heavy capital investment, could come to dictate scientific doc­ trine because they shared with the Stalinist bur­ eaucracy the same idealist-voluntarist metho­ dology. Thus, Lysenko once deClared, "if you want to obtain a definite result, you will ob­ tain it" (quoted in Loren R. Graham, Science and Philosophy in the Soviet Union). Having obtained Stalin's patronage, Lysenko and his followers came to dominate Russian biological sciences by the late 1930's. During the Stalinist purges Lysenko and his cohorts denounced orthodox genetiCists and agrobiologists as "Trotskyite bandits" and Nazi agents. Hun­ dreds of scientists were purged and jailed, in­ AP cluding the brilliant N.I. Vavilov, who perished in prison along with geneticists 1.1. Agol and nSlice Chiang Ching into 10,000 pieces!" "Deep­ monopolizes political power in the Chinese de­ S.G. Levit. fry Yao Wen-yuan!" fOrmed workers state. During the Cultural Revo­ But the "splitting and wrecking" of the So­ Such are the typical verdicts emblazoned on lution, when some militant Red Guards began to viet economy was not the work of "Trotskyites," "big-character" wall posters across China these turn the Maoist anti-bureaucratic rhetoric against but the result of the disastrous schemes of Ly­ days, as the ruling Stalinist bureaucracy continues top leaders of the Mao faction, a decree was an­ senko and his henchmen. It was the adventurous to escalate its campaign of obfuscation and vilifi­ nounced in January 1967 declaring that anyone projects of Lysenko -such as planting winter whea t cation against the "gang of four" -Chiang Ching, who publically criticized Mao or his (then) in unplowed Siberian fields during the summer­ Yao Wen-yuan, Wang Hung-wen and Chang Chun­ "closest-comrade-in-arms" Lin Piao would be which severely threatened his authority in the chiao. With consummate demagogy the Peking re­ arrested (Los Angeles Times, 27 October 1976). immediate post-World War II period. gime portrays as so-called "mass democracy" When such threats failed to stem the more­ the bureaucratically initiated and guided poster In 1948, however, Lysenko again secured Mao-than-thou critiCism, the Peking authorities campaign hailing Chairman Hua Kuo-feng and Stalin's favor and proceeded to launch a purge abruptly halted the display of all "big-character" denouncing the Ch,iang clique as "maggots" and of his scientific opponents, who were indiscrim­ posters in Peking. Many of the most radical­ inantly branded "agents of Western imperial­ even "dog turds." idealist Red Guard youth were banished to back­ But any attempt to use "big-character" wan ism" and practitioners of "bourgeois biology." woods peasant communes or even arrested for posters to criticize or oppose Hua and his bureau­ In this period many scientific textbooks were criticizing Mao and his satraps, which prominently cratic allies of the moment is not treated by the destroyed, and genetics was banned as a sci­ included Chiang, Chang, Wang and Yao. ence in the USSR. Stalinist bureaucracy as "mass criticism." Re­ As a parasitic caste basing its bureaucratic cently in Changsha, for example, official govern­ rule 9n the political expropriation of the Chinese Meanwhile, Lysenko hatched even more bizarre ment announcements have denounced a man who workers and peasants, the Peking regime is hos­ schemes. Dutifully responding to Stalin's exhor­ had been arrested for merely crossing out Hua's tile to any expression of political oppOSition, tations about "transforming nature," Lysenko name on a wall poster. The official government even mere scribbling of graffiti. on an icon of the attempted to grow forest belts in geographic statement, quoted in the New York Times (15 No-' Chairman. Serious Maoists who have felt com­ regions' where afforestation was clearly im­ vember), reported that when the accused refused pelled to distance their politics from the reaction­ possible. At the same time, Lysenko propounded to repent under interrogation, he was charged ary foreign. policy of Peking and the most recent his "theory" of "species transformation," which with "crimes of counterrevolution" and promptly obscurantist campaign against so-called "capital­ asserted that rye could be converted into wheat, executed! (Other official notices which recently ist roaders" should realize that "critical Maoism" pine trees into firs, cabbages into rutabagas, appeared in Changsha announced the execution of would be violently suppressed in China. The de­ and even warblers into cuckoos! a woman accused of prostitution, which in Maoist fense of the gains of the Chinese revolution and With the death of Stalin in 1953 and the China is branded "crimes of the two sexes. If) the interests of the Chinese workers requires ensuing "de-Stalinization," Lysenko came under In China today, just as during the Mao-inspired the construction of a Trotskyist party in China increasing criticism, and by 1955 he appeared Great Proletarian Cultuval Revolution, the much­ capable of leading the proletarian political revo­ to be totally discredited; for the next period touted wall posters are tolerated and encouraged lution to smash the, Stalinist bureaucracy and es­ he was reduced-quite ironically-to lectur­ only as long as the "mass criticism" promotes tablish so vie t de m 0 c r a c y and revolutionary ing farmers on the proper utilization of manure. the interests of the Stalinist bureaucracy which interna tionalism. DECEMBER 1976 ~ Review: "The Front" Looks Back at the Fifties when Prince comes to them with the By news that he has just received a sub~ poena to appear before a HUAC sub~ L.W. Howell committee, the three express a genu­ ine personal concern to protect him, Of the recent spate of books and Moreover, the Communists are depic­ films dealing with the anti-communist ted as witchhunt victims who have witchhunt ofthe late 1940's and 1950's, maintained their personal integrity The Front, starring Woody Allen, is and political convictions at a time worthwhile to see, when the CP was instructing its mem­ The Front is the first American bers to disguise the m s e I v e s as film to condemn the cold-war with­ liberals. hunt for victimizing not only some Much of The Front is drawn from liberals, but also the many members tne experiences of blacklisted artists and sympathizers of the Stalinist in the entertainment field, Bernstein Communist Pary (CP), had a front, Eliot Asinov, and when As­ Although comedian Woody Allen inov was blacklisted for fronting for plays the central role, The Front is the him, Bernstein found a front for the creation of a number of men who lived front. through the witchhunt. It is produced Likewise, the role of Hecky Brown and directed by Martin Ritt (The Spy is drawn from the personal histories Who Came in From the Cold, Souruier) of Zero Mostel and another blacklisted and written by Walter Bernstein (Fail colleague, Philip Loeb. The suicide in Safe), both of whom were blacklisted The Front is clearly based on the tra­ during the anti-communist witchhunt, gic death of Loeb. In 1955 -after years Zero Mostel and Woody Allen in scene from "The Front." as were four of the prinCipal actors: of unemployment, unceasingpersecu­ Zero Mostel, Herschel Bernardi, tion, the death of his wife and his son's by Florence Barrett and then by the tian liberals into a bloc, the CP sup­ Lloyd Gough and Joshua Shelley. plunge into insanity-Loeb was driven three Communist writers, while in ported anti-labor New Deal legisla­ In the film Woody Allen is cast in to take his own life. the background a crowd of demonstra­ tion, championed the no-strike pledge the role of Howard Prince, an apoliti­ Similarly, the scene in The Front tors carry placards demanding "Free during the war and even voted for the cal bar -and -grill cashier, small-time where Hecky Brown appears before Howard Prince." The pact is sealed anti-CP red clause in theCIO. Having bookie and all-round loser, until he the "Freedom Information Service" with a kiss. thus isolated itself, the CP had node­ agrees to act as a front for three has been drawn from the televised ap­ And it is "most unlikely," a fact fence against the widespread purges b 1 a c k Ii s ted television writers­ pearance of Zero Mostel before HUAC which was demonstrated by the ex­ in the unions and was forced to pro­ Alfred Miller (Michael Murphy), De­ in 1955. When called before the com- periences of the cold-war period it­ tect itself from the red scare by seek- laney (Lloyd Gough) and Phelps (David 'mittee, he responded to questioning self. In order to attractthe Roosevel- continued on page 10 Margulies). Howard Prince merely with a veritable comic routine (ques­ signs his name to the manuscripts, tion: "What studio were you with?"; takes them to the television studio and answer: "Eighteenth-Century Fox") then takes ten percent of the sales and gave the government absolutely no SYL Demos Hit'mperialist Spy Agencies price. information (taking the Fifth Amend­ His trips to the television studios ment by holding up his right hand and set the stage for the rather saccharin wriggling five fingers), romance between Howard Prince and The recasting of these episodes are Florence Barrett (Andrea Marcovic­ a strength of The Front. The Zero ci), a young scripteditorwhoisapar­ - Mostels were a small minority. Many agon of all things liberal. Meanwhile, of the left liberals and Stalinist sym­ at the studio Hecky Brown (Zero Mos­ pathizers in the entertainment world tel), a popular television comedian, ended up finking and actively joining comes under investigation by the the witchhunt. Early on in the cold-war "Freedom Information Service," the era, both Elia Kazan and Edward Dmy­ private spy agency which prepares the tryk (who went to jail as one of the Hol­ blacklists for the entertainment in­ lywood Ten) refused to finger anyone dustry, Grilled about his past associ~ oefore the congressional committees, ation with the CP, Hecky Brown first but by the time of the. Korean War both a ttempts to deflect suspicion by play­ were informing to save their careers; ing the role of a tragi -comic buffoon, At the same time, however, The and then reluctantly agrees to spy on Front tends to obscure this important Howard Prince to save his own career, history through its often misdirected When Florence Barrett leaves her attempts at humor and its sentiment­ job in moral protest against the black­ alization, Unless one knows something list, and when Brown is driven to sui­ about the background of Zero Mostel cide, Prince becomes awakened to the and others like him-which many youth horrors of the witchhunt, Having re­ today do not-the several powerful ceived a subpoena to appear before a performances of Recky Brown in The subcommittee of the House Un-Amer ... Front can be too easily regarded as ican Activities Committee (HUAC) , fiction, with no more import than Al­ Prince takes a heroic stand: after re­ len's comic routines and one-liners, fUSing to fink at the hearing, he turns Also contributing to deforming the to the congressmen and makes his past is the narrow focus on the tele­ first-and last-"political" statement vison industry in New York. One gets in the entire film, "Why don't you guys not even a glimpse .of the massive spa'rtacus go fuck yourselves. " purges of militants from the labor LOS ANGELES-Twice last The following week, on Octo­ What sets off The Frontfrom other movement, and the role of the Stalin­ month spokesmen for the spy ber 21, recruiters from the "Na­ recent American works dealing with ists in the unions. One gets no sense agencies of U,S. imperialism ap­ tional Sec uri t y Age n c y -the the witchhunt era is its ability to of the terrible political isolation and peared at UCLA, and twice they super-s e c ret i v e spy agency broadly evoke solidarity with the real social ostracism which many trade­ were met with militant protest which employs ten times the num­ victims of the blacklisting, Up until union militants and socialists had to demonstra tions organized by the ber of agents doing the dirty The Front, most films dealing with endure; for them there were no fronts, Spartacus youth League (SYL) , work of the CIA-appeared on this period have either portrayed To the extent that The Front has any campus, Again, the SYL re­ Communists and their fellow travel­ politics, they are the politi.cs of those On October 16 William Colby, sponded by organizing a picket lers as social misfits, as did The Way who supported and sympathized with the former chief of the killer­ line outside the placement of­ We Were, or else condemned only the the CP during the years of the witch­ spy age n c y CIA, addre,ssed a fices. These imp e ria lis t re­ blacklisting of the "innocent" liberalS, hunt. It is the politics of the popular­ symposium entitled, "The CIA cruiters-w h 0 s e fellow hench­ as did Fear on Trial, the television front alliance of Communists and the and the Dilemma of Intelligence men were responsible for the movie about the witchhunting of the liberal wing of the bourgeoisie against" in a Democracy," Outside, the murder of Che Guevara, for help­ liberal television personality, John the forces of reaction, militant s log a n sand c han t s ing bring to power the butcher Henry Faulk. In The Front the liberals are por­ raised by the SYL cut through Shah of Iran; and for aiding the The Front po r t ra y s the three trayed as decent, the Communists as his liberal-sounding apologetics blood -stained Chi 1 e a n junta­ blacklisted writers as honest and de­ forthright, and together they unite to for imp e ri a Ii s m with the de­ must be. d r i v e n off campus cent. When they approached Howard fight the evil McCarthyites. The clos­ mands' "Protest Colby, Killer through militant protest. Prince, each forewarned him that they ing scene has Howard Prince-called Spy-Abolish the CIA!" and "Down Imperialist Recruiters Off were Communists and that fronti!lg "America's, Most Unlikely Hero"-­ With the Bosses' Spies-For Campus! Abolish the FBI/CIA/ for them involved the risk that he too who is about to be hauled away topri­ Workers Revolution!" NSA! For Socialist Revolution! might become blacklisted. Likewise, Son for bet-making, being embraced 4 YOUNG SPARTACUS Defend Iranian Students Against CoplSAVAK Repression'

On the night of Nove m b e r 8, U.S. Assistant Secretary for Near Houston cops launched a vieious and Eastern and South Asian Affairs, con­ unprovoked assault on an orderly deni': firmed the presence of SA V AK agents onstration sponsored by the Iranian in this country. He said that their Student Association [ISA-Member of assignment was "to check on poten­ the Confederation of Iranian Students tial terrorists." (National Union)]. The Iranian stu­ Even the Shah boasted in a re­ dents had been protesting recent ar­ cent interview that his Gestapo-like rests and deportations of members agents were working in this country of the fraternal World Confederation to "check up on anybody who becomes of Iranian Students in Paris. affiliated with, circles, organizations As a result of the cop attack, hostile to my country, which is the 91 Iranian students were arrested, role of any intelligence organiza­ and scores were injured by the club­ tion" (New York Times, 22 October swinging cops. Almost immediately, 1976). Syndicated columnist Jack An­ the U.S. Immigration and Naturaliza­ derson has also written: tion Service (INS) served orders de­ "The ties between the two agencies manding that the arrested Iranians [the CIA and SAVAK] have always "show cause" why they should not been close. One intelligence source, be deported. Most of the arrested whose reliability has been tested, The international campaign, which was for the endangered Iranian students Iranians spent the next eight days told us that SAVAK agents hound and co-sponso~ed by the European-based in Houston. Already the Militant Cau­ in jail, where they were subjected harass Iranians in the United States, Committee to Defend the Worker­ cus of the ILWU/Loca16 has prompted to further intimidation. with full knowledge and sometimes the and Sailor Prisoners in Chile and the Executive Board of the union to After the Iranians had been re­ assistance of the CIA. " by the U.S.-based Partisan De­ pass a motion on November 23 that leased on their own recognizance Now more than ever before the fense Committee (an anti-sectarian, demandS the dropping of all charges (bond had in i t i all y been set at entire left and labor movement must class-struggle defense organization against the Iranians in Houston. $2,000), the deportation proceedings come to the defense of the victim­ in accordance with the political views 'Unfortunately the ISA in Houston were dropped against 35. But the re­ ized Iranian militants in Houston and of the Spartacist League), over a has rej ected a def ense campaign based mainder of the 91 Iranian students elsewhere. Arrest and prosecution of period of four months organized pro­ on such anti-sectarian poliCies. In still face the threat of deportation Iranians abroad can swiftly lead to test and pressure to secure the safe Houston the ISA held a defense meeting at their INS hearings in December deportation-to the barbariC torture exit from Argentina for Munoz and at which ,known Trotskyists were (Houston Post, 19 November). chambers and dungeons of the Shah. his family. excluded. The cop attack on the ISA in The terror campaign against the The campaign amassed literally ,But in spite of its sectarian ex­ Houston is the most recent incident ISA in Houston, and everywhere Iran­ hundredS of endorsements from labor clusionism, which can only narrow in a wave of fierce repression against ians are under attack, must be stopped unions, politiCians, prominent indi­ and weaken its defense, the SYL opponents of the Shah; Iranian dis­ now! From Houston to Paris to viduals, civil libertarian groups and pledges its solidarity with the strug­ sidents in Paris and Los Angeles Teheran-an international campaign socialists,and around the world dem- gle to stop the deportation threats also have recently come under attack. is urgently needed to mount an ef..; , onstrations were held, telegram cam­ and to force the state to drop all The increased repression directed fective' defense of all the victims of paigns were initiated and delegations charges_ against the arrested Iran­ against Iranians is not accidental, the Shah's white terror. were sent to Argentine embassies. ians in Houston. especially in this country. All recent As a model, the Spartacus youth As a result of the campaign Mario Defend the Iranian Students in evidence points to increased collu­ League (SYL) pOints to the success­ Munoz was granted safe exit from Houston! No Deportations-Drop the sion between the CIA and the Iranian ful. international defense campaign Argentina and landed in Austria on Charges! Full Citizenship Rights for SAVAK (Sazmane Amniyat va waged on behalf of Chilean miners' August 4; his family soon followed. Foreign Workers and Students! Down Keshvar-Iranian State Security Or­ leader Mario Muiioz, who earlier this This kind of broad-based non­ With the Butcher Shah! Forward to ganization). Recently Alfred Atherton" year was a hunted man in Argentina., sectarian defense should be organized Socialist Revolution in Iran! •

Condemn Hooligan Attack in Houston! Stop CAIFI Prosecution of ISA! Civil libertarians Endanger· Iranian Students On November 1 five supporters to discredit the left and prevent prosecution of Iranians in the ers Vanguard, 19 November 1976). of the Committee for Artistic and clarification of conflicting views courts can lead to their deporta­ The entire w 0 r kin g-c 1 ass In tell e c t ual Freedom in Iran . through political struggle in ac­ tion back to Iran, where opponents movement and all who stand for (CAIFI) were reportedly attacked cordance with the norms of work­ of the Shah's police state are democratic rights must vigorously outside a cafeteria at the Univer­ ers democracy. Gangster attacks hounded, imprisoned and often sub­ condemn the prosecution of these sity of Houston (Militant, 19 No­ within the left must be exposed jected to prolonged and hideous Iranians by CAIFI. Should CAIFI vember 1976). According to CAIFI, and fought through the organiza­ torture. When 91 Iranian students "win" its court case, opponents which is a civil-libertarian group tions and self -defense traditions were arrested in Houston on No­ of the Shah's white te!'ror might which is prominently supported by of the left and labor movement. vember 8, the Immigration and well find themselves deported to the reformist Socialist Workers We call upon all left and labor, Naturalization Service seized upon Iran- and the responsibility for P arty/Young Socialist Alliance organizations to con de m nth e the charges as a pretext to be­ the consequences would rest en­ (SWP/YSA), the attackers were attack against the CAIFI support­ gin deportation hearings (see arti­ tirely on the shoulders of CAlF[ Iranian; in addition, CAIFI claims ers in Houston. cle this page). and its SWP/YSA sponsors. Des­ that several of the Iranians who While the attack in Houston is LikeWise, CAIFI knows only too pite our political differences with allegedly attacked them were sup­ despicable, the response of CAIFI well the "justice" which Iranians all wings of the Iranian Student porters of the Iranian Student As­ is Simply criminal. According to can expect to receive from the Association, we defend the accused sociation (Iran House). No one was the Militant (19 November), CAIFI capitalist cops and courts. Fol­ Iranians in Houston against the seriously injured in the incident. s p 0 k e sma n Mohammad Falsafi lowing the arrests of the 91 Iran­ bourgeois state and call upon all The Spartacus Youth League "says his group will press charges ian students on November 8, for who uphold democratic rights to (SYL) opposes on principle vio­ against the attackers." Moreover, example, Houston police chief demand that CAlF! drop its case lence and other strongarm methods CAIFI smears the Iranians al­ "Pappy" Bond declared that, he at once. ' to settle disputes within the left legedly responsible for the attack was "fed up" with people "who Oppose gangsterism on the left! and labor move~ent. Such gang­ . by implying the SA V AK, the Iranian don't live in this country, who try Demand that CAIFI drop charges sterism opens up the left to cop secret police' whose agents are to solve the problems of their against the Iranians and repudiate attack and state interference. At known to operate in this country, government by disturbing the peo­ its court action! For the right of the same time physical intimida­ was behind the attack. ple of Houston" (see "Houston Cops political asylum for opponents of tion and slander can only serve CAIFI knows only too well that Arrest 91 Iranian Students," Work- the Shah's white terror! DECEMBER 1976 5 Imperialists Thrive, Workers Throttled Angolan "Socialism" Good' For Gulf

J,-P. Laffont-Sygma In celebration of the first anniver­ Congo-Brazzaville, where after more """""''''''ll sary of Angolan independence, the rul­ than a decade of the "non-capitalist ing Popular Movement for the Lib­ road" the commanding heights of the eration of Angola (MPLA) last month economy are still controlled by proclaimed its decision to form a French imperialism, while the mass­ "Marxist-Leninist vanguard party" es remain impoverished.' and to develop the country into a "socialist state." Forced Labor for Strikers But despite its continuing reliance upon Cuban and Russian aid,' the Faced with the task of revivmg radical-nationalist MPLA remains and rebuilding the capitalist economy committed in reality to developing after the destructive civil war, the a neo-colonialist bourgeois regime MPLA government has lacked the in Angola. Seeking to placate the stability to be able to grant any working masses of Angola, the MPLA Significant concessions to the working resorts to "socialist" rhetoric as a class and dispossessed masses while cover for its anti-proletarian and imposing ruthless exploitation of la­ prO-imperialist poliCies and its in­ bor. To restrain the masses the MPLA creasingly bonapartist regime {in government has been compelled to "reorganizing" the government Pres­ rely mainly on radical demagogy ident Agostinho Neto has now as­ and draconian repression. sumed all three highest offices, while When strikes brought industrial abOlishing the ministry headed by production in Luanda to a standstill his main "left" rival, Nito Alves), last spring, the MPLA denounced the "paralysis of production" as a "con­ certed plan of reaction, n suspended Imperialist Interests Untouched all wage negotiations in early July, and announced that all so-called Ever since its military victory last "economic sabotage"-including all February over the National Front for strikes-would be punished with forced the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and labor (Le Mowie, 3 September 1976). the National Union for the Total In June the government rounded up Independence of Angola (UNITA) the unemployed workers in Luanda and MPLA has respected imperialist delivered them to coffee plantation holdings in Angola and has sought bosses as' labor brigades for har­ to attract even more imperialist vesting the coffee crop. Angolan "socialism": masses labor on plantations to fill imperialist coffers. investments, Already written into the Viewing political opposition to its to determine which petty-bourgeois of establishing a black-ruled bour­ Constitution of the People's Republic left and all independent proletarian­ of Angola is the pledge that the nationalist formation would establish geois state in Angola. Nor was our based organizations as a threat to its hegemony and monopolize political call for military support to the MPLA government "recognizes, protects and its bonapartist rule, the MPLA re­ guarantees private property." More power in the soon-to-be-independent unconditional and open-ended; with gime early on jailed scores of trade­ Angola. We statec!: the withdrawal of the South African recently, Angolan Foreign Minister union militants, revolutionaries and Jose Eduardo dos Santos once a­ "In Angola, where the native bour­ forces the imperialist power play in even dissidents within the MPLA. Angola collapsed in defeat. gain stressed that the MPLA regime At the same time the independent geoiSie is non-existent as a class, will "respect the interests of the where the proletadat is weak and (Since that time, however,UNITA unions, neighborhood committees and lacking developecL class conscious­ forces in southern Angola have waged multinational companies in Angola" "people's power" groups which had ness, and where the vast rural pop­ a sporadic guerril~a war of sabotage and will nationalize only "those for­ provided the MPLA with a base of ulation is divided by myriad tribal eign commercial and industrial en­ against the Luanda regime. In recent support during the civil war were and ethnic differences, any of the weeks fighting between the Cuban­ terprises that have been abandoned petty-bourgeois nationalist forma­ either dissolved or else completely commanded MPLA forces and the by their owners" (quoted in African subordinated to the state apparatus. tions which might come to power Development, November 1976). through military means will estab­ defeated rebel bands has reportedly All the institutions of "people's flared up. At this time the character Unlike the right-wing governments power" established by the MPLA lish a regime of a bonapartist char­ of Kuwait and Venezuela, which re­ function only to diSCipline labor and acter, becoming the new middlemen cently nationalized all Gulf "conces­ for continued imperialist exploitation. ensure the one-party rule of the The Angolan nationalists will follow sions" on their territory, the MPLA MPLA. Although much touted as in the steps of Nkrumah, who banned has cemented close relations with o r g a n s 0 f workers control, the strikes and imprisoned labor mili­ Gulf, which pumps 123,000 barrels "workers committees" organized by tants; Nyerere, who outlawed a day from its holdings in the the MPLA (often to replace dissolved working-class organizations; and Angolan enclave of Cabinda (prOVid­ trade unions) are admittedly merely Sekou Toure, who instituted forced ing Gulf with nearly ten percent of "consultative bodies" (Le Monde. 28 labor." all its overseas profits). In addi­ February 1976). Likewise, the once -YoungSpartac'ltS, September 1975 tion, the strategic Benguela Railway independent neighborhood committees . As long as the conflict,in Angola as well as. the Benguela iron mines have been transformed into npeople's remained fundamentally.' an intra­ have been left in the hands of British committees n hailed by the regime nationalist civil war with the Portu­ and German magnates who are able as "socialistn institutiOns of "peo­ guese colonialist forces peripheral to to dominate the. Angolan economy. ple's power. n, Yet the elections to the struggle, we maintained that the Moreover, a leading South African the "people's committees" we r e interests of the proletariat and rural government official recently coq.grat­ largely boycotted last spring; only poor would not be advanced by the ulated the "socialist" MPLA govern­ ten percent of the electorate turned military victory of one side over ment for providing "excellent protec­ out to vote after the MPLA post­ any other, although we raised the call Agostlnho Neto and Fidel Castro. tion" for South African interests in poned the elections on account of the for the self-defense of urban slum- of the conflict in southern Angola Angola, especially the vast Diamang strike wave and then disqualified all 'dwellers in areas controlled by the remains unclear-in particular, the diamond mines and the Calueque dam but MPLA-approved candidates from MPLA which were under attack by extent to which the UNIT A forces complex {African Development.. No­ running. the tribalist FNLA and UNITA. in Angola are directly controlled vember 19761. But when the limited three­ by the South African military units Nationalizations under the MPLA Trotskyist Position Vindicated cornered civil war between rival An­ across the border in Namibia-since regime have been limited to scat­ golan nationalist forces became de­ all reports of the fighting to date tered Portuguese holdings abandoned The poliCies pursued by the MPLA ciSively subsumed by the South Afri­ have emanated from South African by their owners during the civil war. during the last year stand as a vin­ can invasion of Angola and by the sources.) Yet in economically underdeveloped dication of the position on Angola ensuing massive influx of Cuban capitalist countries the creation of t a ken by the Spartacist League/ troops on the side of the MPLA, Not "Radical" Nationalism, But a "public sector" under the control Spartacus Youth League (SL/SYL) we stressed that the conflict had Socialist Revolution! of the neo-colonialist state represents when the Portuguese colon y was thereby become internationalized and nothing more than the means through plunged into civil war in the months t hat the Cuban-Ied/Russian-aided In the economically underdevel­ which a petty-bourgeois layer can be before the formal proclamation of MPLA should be given military sup­ oped countries, even the "radical" transformed into a bourgeoisie. Far independence in November 1975. port in its struggle to defeat the im­ petty-bourgeois nationalist regimes­ from undermining imperialist dom­ At that time the SL/SYL argued perialist power play. from Angola to Mozambique to South ination and ensuring social amelior­ that despite their different social/ At the same time our call. for Yemen-can not accomplish the most ation for the masses, such "state­ tribal bases and despite their dif­ the military Victory of the MPLA basic democratic tasks associated capitalist" development can produce ferent foreign allies, the three rival did not a).ter our irreconcilable po­ with the bourgeois revolution, above only bonapartist-or so-called Angolan independence forces-MPLA, litical opposition to these petty­ all agrarian reform and full national "African socialist"-regimes such as FNLA and UNITA-were fighting only bourgeois nationalists and their goal contmuea on page 10 6 YOUNG SPARTACUS Marxism and the Jacobin The French Communist Tradition/Part 6 With this continuing series Young SPavtacus makes available to its readers the presentations on the origins of Marxism that have been given by Joseph Seymour of the Spartacist League Central Com­ mittee at several SYL educational conferences on the east and west coasts and in the- mid west during the last year. "Marxism and the Jacobin Communist Tradition" seeks to demon­ Revolution strate how Marx and Engels assimilated the experiences and political worldviews of the two generations of revolutionary militants who By had attempted to achieve an egalitarian-collectivist social order through the triumph of the bourgeois-democratic revolution. Thus, the series Joseph debunks the academic/New Left interpretation of Marxism as simply a self-contained ideological derivation from Hegelian philosophy. Seymour Preceding articles in the series have covered the Great French ofl848 Revolution and the living continuity of Jacobin communism in the con­ spiratorial organizations and insurrectionary struggles of Babeuf and Buonarroti; the differentiation within the French democratic opposition EDITOR'S NOTE: The first part of toppled King Louis Philippe; the for­ from the Carbonari Conspiracy and the French Revolution of 1830 "The French Revolution of 1848" ap­ m a t ion of the Provis ional G overn­ to the Blanqui/Barbes putsch of 1839; British Chartism and its rev­ peared in the Nove m b e r iss u e of ment and its inclusion of a socialist olutionary climax; the origins of the Communist League and its devel- ' Young Spartacu's and is'continued in component; and the National Work­ opment through the factional struggle between the utopian millenialism the article below. The first section shops which were est a b lis h e d as of Weitling and the propagandism of Schapper; and the political develop­ of the article discussed the democra­ bourgeois concessions to the revolu­ ment of Karl Marx before 1848. tic opposition to the quasi-absolutist tionary masses. As with the previous The back issues of ,Young SPavtacus featuring the first six articles Orieanist regime that had developed articles in the series, editorial al­ in this series are still available and may be obtained at 25 cents per terationshave been kept to a_ mini­ issue from: Spartacus 'Youth Publishing Company, Box 825, Canal around the newspapers, Le Nationa~ Street Station, New York, New York 10013. a nd La RMorme; the revolutionary mum to preserve the character: of the insurrection of February 1848 which original verbal presentation.

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Meeting of one of the many political clubs of the Republican movement. "Journee" of 17 March 1848.

Between February and June [of other clubs which supported at least insurrection and for de vel 0 pin g other Jacobins, stormed the 1848] there existed mass revolution­ the left wing of the governmen~. through propaganda and agitation the Tuileries J. Then we should at least have, the prestige of a revolutionary ary organizations in Paris and, there­ In a previous talk I discussed Blan­ mass support needed to overthrow fore, a real possibility of a second the Provisional Government: force. " qui up until the time of his imprison­ -Raymond Postgate, Revolution and more radical revolution aimed ment in 1839. In 1848 he emerged from 178.9 to 1906 at overthroWing -the Provisional Gov;:­ from exile as the most reknowned "France is not Republican. The Rev­ ernment, or at least its right-wing revolutionary communist in France, olution which has just been completed And that was a generally correct bourgeois majority [headed by Al­ or for that matter, in the world. is only a happy surprise, nothing strategy for the time. phonse de Lamartine]. So it is im­ Arriving in Paris following the Feb­ more. If to-day we try to bring to power men whose names are com­ portant to understand the different ruary insurrection, Blanqui surveyed Ledru-Rollin and Blanc: Left Prop political tendencies and organizations promised in bourgeois eyes by polit­ the political scene and at once de­ ical condemnations, the provinces will for the Government which together formed the popular cided to seek an alliance with the revolutionary movement. be alarmed, will remember the Ter­ Ref0 r meg r 0 u p - the r a d i cal - ror and the Convention, and, perhaps, To the right of the Blanquist clubs At that time the direct and local­ democratic supporters of the gov­ recall the fugitive king. Even the Na­ ized Republican political organiza­ were the tendencies allied with the ernment-to oust the National group tional Guard was involuntarily our ac­ Re/orme group, or more specifically, tions were called the "clubs," which [representing the left Wing of the big complices; it is composed of timid provided an expression for a number shopkeepers who to-morrow may well with its p r inc i pal leader Ledru­ bourgeoisie]. At this time Blanqui Rollin. (The relationship bet wee n of distinct political tendencies. The met with the new Police chief Marc depose those whom yesterday they right wing of the clubs represented supported, with cries of Vive la these clubs and Ledru-Rollin invites Caussidi~re, a secondary figure in the the Reforme group; that is, those RejYUblique! comparison with the relationship be­ secret societies under the OrH~anist tween several of the Portuguese "far­ radical democrats [led by Alexandre reg i mew hom Blanqui respected. "Leave the men in the Hotel de Ledru-Rollin and pacifist-socialist Ville to their impotence. Their feeble­ left" organizations and "left" General Blanqui said to Caussidiere, "What Carvalho in the pre-revolutionary Louis Blanc] who were prepared to are you dOing supporting Lamartine ness is the certain presage of their fall. In their hands they have an period preceding the 25 November make certain limited concessions to and that conceited idiot Louis Blanc?" social welfare for the masses. The ephemeral power; we-behind us we 1975 barracks revolt.) Chief among Caussidi~re shrugged his shoulders left wing of the clubs followed the have the people and the clubs in which these clubs was the Club of the Rev­ and replied, "Well, we have no we shall organize ourselves for rev­ Jacobin communists led by [Louis­ olution led by Armand Barb~s, who choice. " olution as once the Jacobins did. Be Auguste] Blanqui. In addition, there had been Blanqui's lieutenant in 1839 Finding the left wing of the gov­ content to wait a few days more and but subsequently broke With Blanqui were clubs of utopian socialists the Revolution will be ours. Suppose [under the leadership of E tie nne ernment unwilling to overthrow the we seized power by an audacious and moved right. Cabet] which were numerically quite bourgeois right wing, Blanqui decided stroke, like robbers under the dark­ to go into opposition to the entire In addition to the Barb~s club, substantial. ness of night, who would answer for 'the Club of the Rights of Man also Provisional Government. But at that the duration of our powe r? Should was supporting the Provisional Gov­ Blanqui: Gathering Forces for point Blanqui had to contend with we not find beneath us energetic and ambitious men burning to oust us by ernment at this time. (During his Insurrection the insurrectionary clamor of his own revolutionary ranks, who wanted similar means? brief sojourn in Paris during 1848, to rise against the government despite Marx had attended the me~tings of "Wha t we nee d for our support is this club as a member of the So­ Early on, as the revolution lurched its enormous popular support. the mass of the people, the faubouvgs forward, there was a sharp polari­ in insurrection, a new August 10th ciety of the Rights of Man, which was zation between the Blanquist clubs, In a famous speech to his followers [the date during the Great French consistent with his pre-February ties which were the left enemies of the [in the Central Republican Society], Revolution when the Revolutionary to the Reforme group.) Provisional Government, and the Blanqui argued against an immediate Commune, led by Robespierre and Although none of the clubs was DECEMBER 1976 7

Bibliotheque Natlonale completely proletarian in composi­ assembly and the national guard. tion, the Central Republican SOCiety These elections would be derisory. of Blanqui was far more proletarian "In the [p r 0 v inc i a l] towns, the than the Club of the Revolution led working classes, conditioned to sub­ by Barbes. Yet the February revolu­ jugation by long years of repression tion did create a purely proletarian and pove rty, would take no part in the voting or else they would be formation, which was quite unantici­ led to the polls by their masters pated by anybody concerned. It was like blind cattle. called the" Luxembourg Commission" "Out in the co un try sid e, all the and was the product of the Provisional influence is in the hands of the clergy Government's maneuver to co-opt and of the aristocrats. the demand raised by Louis Blanc "The people do not know; yet know for a labor ministry with real power they must. This is not a task to and finances. Composed of elected be accomplished in a day or even a representatives fro m the Par i s month. When counter-revolution alone has had the right to speak for .half unions, the Luxembourg Commis­ a century, is it too much to give sion, even though under the lead­ perhaps a year to liberty? ership 0 f the reformist-socialist "Enlightenment must reach even the Blanc, assumed the characteristic of Above, "The Parliament of Labor": Luxembourg Commission promised rep­ tiniest hamlets. The workers· must an embryonic soviet; the Commission resentcrtion of the interests of labor. Below~ the Provisional Government: lift up their heads which have been at once demanded the implementation from right to left, Arago, Ledru-Rollin, Dupont de l'Eure, Marie, Lamar­ bowed by servitude and recover from of the Provisional Government's com­ tine; standing right to left, Louis Blanc, Flacon, Cremieux, Marrast, Albert, that state of prostration and stupor in which they used to be kept by mitment to the right to labor through Garnier-Pag~s. the establishment of subsidized pro­ powerful oppressive interests. n -Roger Price, 1848 in France ducer cooperatives (the program of Blanc, later appropriated by Proudhon). However, the day before the dem­ onstration demanding the postpone­ In addition, the National Workshops ment of elections, the elite units also were proletarian organizations. of the National Guard rebelled over Since they represented the only hope their exclusion from the repressive of the unemployed, the National Work­ apparatus, which had been democ­ shopS were viewed by the working ratized and reorganized by Ledru­ class as the most important conces­ Rollin. These elite units-known as sion which had been gained. by the the "bearskin buskins" [from their popular masses as a result of the big fur hats ]-took to the streets February revolution. As we shall see, shouting, "Down with Ledru-Rollin!" the National Workshops played a piv­ This counterrevolutionary dem­ otal role in the revolution. onstration had the result of mobilizing enormous popular support for the The National Guard Democratized Provisional Government against what was correctly seen as a reactionary threat. But the "bearskin buskin" One of the most important conces­ revolt also had the effect of deflect­ sions which the Provisional Govern­ ing the aim of the jaurnee of March ment made to the revolutionary mass­ 17: what had originally been planned es was the democratization of the as a demonstration to force the gov­ National Guard. The property quali>. Bibliotheque Nationale ernment to postpone the elections and fication, or rather de facto property to keep the army out of Paris turned qualification, was abolished, and for the Provisional Government served to ing contemporary relevance: popular­ into a demonstration of semi-support the first time the National Guard was further provoke reaction among the front governments which implement for the regime. opened to the Parisian working class. peasantry. Following the February conservative economic poliCies The jaurnee drew an enormous Given that the National Guard had revolution, as France plunged into to appease the big bourgeoisie ac­ crowd of 200,000. The main spokes­ traditions of autonomy and election a financial criSis, the bourgeoisie tually strengthen reaction among the man was Blanqui, although he was rushed to withdraw money from the 0 0 of officers, the influx of workers pet t y-b u r g e i s i e. The pOlicies compelled to compromise his ca~l into the militia· was quite impor­ banks and transform all kinds of pursued by the popular-front Allende for indefinite postponement of the tant; the election of officers became credit to gold, partly to protect their regime in Chile provide a classic elections in order to conciliate some one of the main arenas for pOlitical wealth and partly to bankrupt the new example. of the more moderate club leaders, struggle between the proletarian ten­ revolutionary regime. In response, who were prepared to postpone tl;le dencies and the bourgeoisie and, in the Provisional Government imposed The Jourm!e of March 17 elections for perhaps a month, but the final outcome, no less important a regressive tax-actually surtax­ not a year or more. But the right than the elections to the national on all taxpayers. Yet this tax fell It was the demands for the post­ wing of .the government, headed by parliament. most harshly on the peasantry, alien­ ponement of the elections, for the in­ Lamartine, Simply refused to con­ As I've mentioned, the French rev­ ating them even more from the re­ stitutionalization of the ministry of cede even the moderate demands of olution of 1848 provides us with a gime in Paris. labor to imp I e men t the right to postponement of the elections for a number of historical "firsts." But In addition, the National Work­ work, and for an end to the incursions month and keeping the army out of it' also has given us a historical shops, which were presented to the of the army in Paris which led to Paris. "last"-the period between February world as the harbinger of socialism, the famous j

The right-wing members of the armed to the teeth. Among the Nation­ forces of the French bourgeoisie in Provisional Government, howe v e r , al Guardsmen were members of the the provinces would have eventually 1848 would support neither the right to clubs which had been supporting the overwhelmed them. But such a second ••• work nor the immediate establishment Provisional Government, including revolution, even in its defeat, would continued from page 7 of a ministry of labor. Now, the en­ Colonel Armand Barb~s, former rev­ have ensured that the French Revolu­ suing events remain historically ob­ olutionary communist, former ally of tion of 1871 would have begun on a able to assume the leadership of the scure. But it is clear that with the Blanqui and head of the Club of the much higer level. left opposition. Yet Blanc knew well active participation of Ledru-Rollin Revolution. The same people who only Revolutionary consciousness de­ that as the head of the Luxembourg the right wing of the Provisional Gov­ one month before had been the allies velops, provided there is organiza­ Commission and with his greatly en­ ernment headed by Lamartine launch­ of the communists were now shouting, tional continuity, as a result of de­ hanced authority he would be the target ed a red scare, floating rumors that "Down with the communists!" And feats in which the illusions of the of bourgeois reaction in an elected the demonstration called by Blanc that was the first time that this slogan previous revolutionary experience government. So Blanc decided to con­ would signal the beginning of an insur­ had been raised as the battle cry of are shattered. Thus, in the revolu­ tinue the policy of bringing mass rection aimed at purging the right the counterrevolution. tion of 1830 the masses demanded a pressure to bear on the right wing of wing of the government. Moreover, republic. However, the illusions in the provisional assembly. Thus, in Blanqui was accused of mastermind­ April 16 brought a short-lived at­ Lafayette led to the establishment of his later account of the March 17 ing this putsch plan, although in fact tempt at repression; the summons for a liberal monarchy, which then be­ journee, Blanc wrote: he had nothing to do with the planned the arrest of Blanqui had to be re­ came increasingly absolutist. In the "There are still seven members on demonstra tion. scinded because he was too popular a 1848 revolution the masses learned one side and four on the other [in fact, figure. After April 16 the possibility the lesson of 1830. Sowhen Lamartine there were nine on one side and two In a certain sense, this was the of a Jacobin communist dictatorship attempted to repeat the role of La­ on the other], but behind these four turning point of the revolution. Until in Paris, even of short duration, was the 17th of March brought on the scene fayette, Raspail [one of the leading April 16 the radical bourgeois demo­ removed from the historic agenda. socialists] said, "You do that, and a fifth voter, the people." crats and the socialists had marched -Louis Blanc, Eighteen Forty­ The critical point was when the bour­ we'll kill you. " Eight: Historical Revelations arm and arm; the differences-between geois-democratic allies of the left In the 1848 revolution the masses the traditions of Robespierre and turned upon them with military force. demanded a democratic republic with It is clear that at this time Louis those of Louis Blanc or even Blanqui But they were only creating the con­ at least a socialist component, pro­ Blanc was still thinking in terms of were not considered antagonistic until ditions for their own destruction by viding state-guaranteed employment, the Reforme forces versus the N ation­ that time. But April 16 represented political forces to their right. if not the expropriation of allproper­ a[ -tha t is, the left wing of bourgeois the first time in history that the left ty. But illusions in Ledru -Rollin like­ democracy and the communists ver­ wing of the bourgeoisie turned on its Before I continue the historical wise paved the way for the establish­ sus the right wing of bourg.eois de­ SOCialist allies, and arguments be­ narrative let me make a few general­ ment of a conservative bourgeois= mocracy in alliance with the monar­ tween them which only a few months izations. democratic regime, which became chists. But events had superceded before seemed to have merely anaca­ increaSingly repressive and eventual­ that strategy. demic character were resolved by What was the maximum possible ly succumbed to Bonapartism. very different methods. in the French revolution of 1848? Well, in 1871 the Parisian masses Having lost on the issue of the The Paris Commune -23 years learned the lesson of 1848 and did not elections, which were scheduled for On April 16 the demonstration earlier. Had the Parisian masses give the vote to the peasantry. In April 24, Louis Blanc and the left called by Louis Blanc and the Luxem­ been rallied behind the leadership of several ways the defeat of the prole­ opposition shifted to the demand for bourg Commission-and supported by Blanqui -or even Blanqui in some kind tariat in 1848 presaged its partial the elected government to implement the Blanquist clubs and the utopian of unstable alliance with the left wing victory in 1871. the right to labor through establishing SOCialists-drew 20,000 into the of the clubs, the National Worksho'ps a ministry of labor. Blanc thendecid­ streets. As the march reached its and the Luxembourg Commission­ [TO BE CONTINUED] ed to organize a demonstra tion in sup­ point of destination it was surrounded they could have taken power in Paris. port of this demand. by 100,000 National Guardsmen, H is without doubt that the military SUBseSIB.· NOWI

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Los Angeles Madison DECEMBER 1976 9

Spartacus Youth League Motions to the NSCAR Flops 19-21 November Conference of the NSCAR 1. For Busing and Lahor/Black Defense! BOSTON-Over the weekend of No­ for "black majority rule now" within Busing should be supported as a measure which enforces the democratic vember 19-21 the National Student Co­ the framework of capitalism. right of equal access to public educational facilities·· for black people and alition Against Racism ( N S CAR) It was the question of South Africa which contributes to breaking down barriers of racial segregation. Yet capi- . staged its third national conference which occupied the entire day's pro­ talist politicians and the courts have limited the busing plans which are pre­ here. Despite the appearance of a few ceedings on Saturday. NSCAR more sently in force across the country to working-class inner city and ghetto prominent guest speakers and the than amply demonstrated that it did areas, where the public schools are already overcrowded and underfinanced. adoption of several "a c t ion pro­ not have an activist commitment to Busing for desegregation must be extended throughout municipal school sys­ posals," the conference was a colossal anti-apartheid protests, but rather tems and into the suburbs, providing access to additional and relatively su­ perior facilities for poor and working-class students, both black and white. flop. had seized upon the issue of South Af­ After two years of busing in Boston and elsewhere, the racist backlash Formed two years ago by the re~ rica to capitalize on the widespread against school desegregation continues. To insure the implementation of bus­ formist Socialist Workers Party/ solidarity with anti-apartheid strug­ ing and to defend black people from racist attack the formation of a defense Young Socialist Alliance (SWP/YSA) gles in toe South African townships .. based on the organizations of the working class and black community remains. as a vehicle to mobilize pro-busing In the past weeks and months, when the an urgent necessity. But NSCAR, which has consistently opposed our call for sentiment into liberal demonstrations Spartacus Youth League (SYL) initia­ labor/black defense, has been the most vociferous champion of the liberal in Boston, ·NSCAR has based its entire ted a uni ted-front demonstra tion at the demand that the capitalist state use "all necessary force"-including the cops "mass-action strategy" on preaching University at Chicago pro t est in g and imperialist army-to "protect" black people and defeat the raclst offensive. reliance on bourgeois politicians and police-state repression in South Af­ This liberal strategy led straight to the defeat of the April 24 "March on Bos­ ton," which was cancelled when NSCAR could not rely on support from its the capitalist armed forces to fight rica and joined with longshore union liberal allies nor on the cops for "protection." racism. In the past NSCAR has organ­ militants in the Bay Area to picket a Since the fiasco of the April 24 "March on Boston," NSCAR has simply ized its parades in Boston under the freighter containing South African withdrawn from all Significant activity in defense of school desegregation. But liberal demand that the government cargo, the SWP/YSA-NSCAR refused NSCAR has not abandoned the liberal strategy which led to that defeat. Black use "all necessary force" =including to partiCipate! people, the labor movement and the left can expect the cops and troops only the racist Boston cops and the imper­ Moreover, NSCAR simply substi­ to defend the racist status quo and to suppress any independent defense efforts ialist U.S. army- to "protect" black tutes abstract "anti-racist" slog:ms­ by the oppressed. Supporters of desegregation must rely only on labor/black people from racist attack and to im­ such as, "No to racism from Boston defense, based on their own strength and organizations, to defeat the racist to South Africa"-to cover its lack of offensive and drive forward the struggle for racial equality. plement desegregation. The Spartacus youth League calls upon this conference to endorse the With the cancellation of the April orientation anywhere. At one point following demands which point the way forward for actions in support of busing: 24 "March on Boston" -when the SWP/ Maceo Dixon, the outgoing chairman of .SUPPORT BUSING-EXTEND BUSING TO THE SUBURBS! YSA policy of reliance upon liberal NSCAR, called for black majority rule .NO TROOPS TO BOSTON-NO CONFIDENCE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF sponsors and cop protection was thor­ not only in Soweto, but also in Newark CAPITALISM! oughly exposed-NSCAR simply took a and Brooklyn! It is indeed revealing .FOR LABOR/BLACK DEFENSE AGAINST RACIST ATTACKS! dive on busing. Having tailed the pre­ that at the conference NSCAR invoked dictable passivity and defeatism ofthe "community-control" rhetoric, while liberal bourgeoisie toward school de­ all but ignoring bUSing. II: No "Free Speech" for Fascists! segregation, the SWP/YSA has infact Much to the chagrin of the SWP / liquidated NSCAR as an activist or­ YSA, the Spartacist League (SL) and Emboldened by racist anti-busing mobilizations from Boston to Louisville ganization and has seized upon the the SYL aggressively intervened in over the past several years, fascist thugs ofthe Ku Klux Klan and other ultra­ the conference, exposing the liberal rightist terrorist organizations have increasingly reared their heads to foment issue of South Africa as the least em­ racist violence against black people and the struggle for racial equality. barrassing way to hide this fact. politics promoted by NSCAR and coun­ Last spring in Boston the KKK-infested South Boston Marshals spearheaded Despite the hasty replacement of terposing our class-struggle per­ the wave of vigilante violence against black people that forced the cancellation last year's red-white-and-blue bicen~ spective for the fight against racial of the April 24 "March on Boston." tennial rhetoric with the nationalists' oppression. The SYL presented two But NSCAR, which still bases its anti-racist "sttategy" on liberal-clominated black-green-and-red, NSCAR miser­ resolutions to the conference in sup­ protests to pressure the capitalist government to "protect" black people from ably failed to attract any significant port of busing and labor/black defense racist attacks, follows a policy of demanding that black people, the left and and in opposition to "free speech for labor movement respect the so-called "rights" of fascists to free speech and support. Attendance at the recent con­ assembly. To take only one example: at the UniverSity of Houston in late fascists. n In addition, the Partisan De­ ference was less than a fourth of the 1975, when a KKK mayoral candidate provoked the audience to verbal protest number attending the. first conference fense Committee (PDC) -a class­ with his genocidal raving and racist taunts, supporters of NSCAR repeatedly in Boston. Moreover, almost all the struggle, anti-sectarian defense or­ intervened to hush the indignant crowd and to defend "free speech" for this participants, numbering about 400 in ganization which is in accordance with aspiring mass murderer. the plenary sessions, were supporters the political views of the Spartacist By insisting that the oppressed must always allow fascist demagogues their of the SWP/YSA. So imp 0 ten t is League - introduced a motion on "rights" to organize for racist te' ror, and by preaching that the oppressed NSCAR that despite its regular praise class-struggle defense w h i c h was should rely on the racist cops and lmperialist army, for their defense, NSCAR counterposed to the civil-libertarian can only politicaUy disarm and disorient the struggle against the fascist threat of the legalist NAACP, featured from the very start. Our perspective must be the struggle to mobilize the mass speaker Tom Atkins of the Boston defense policies of NSCAR. organizations of the working class and black community for labor/black defense NAACP didn't bother to. show ••• for While the report on the conference capable of smashing the faScist threats and defending the democratic rights of the second year in a row! in the 3 December MZUtantattempts to the oppressed. As part of this perspective, we oppose the civil-libertarian NSCAR's "anti -apartheid cam­ dismiss the SYV s intervention in a demand for the capitalist state to ban or otherwise curb the "rights" of paign" -which proposes nothing more single sentence labeling us "a s:rnall fascists; such "anti-extremist" legislation has always been used more vigor­ than two days of local actions four sectarian group," the reality is that ously and frequently against the left than against the fascists. the SWP/YSA was forced to confront The Sparta'Cus youth League calls upon this conference to repudiate the months fromnow-projects the same NSCAR policy which defends "democratic rights" for fascists and to champion orientation to liberal slogans and and respond to the left criticism rais­ the follOwing political slogans as the guide for effective defense against racist bourgeois politicians ·that led to the ed by the SYL throughout the confer­ terror: defeat of their pro-busing effort. Since ence. Although the main conference .NO PLATFORM FOR FASCISTS! . neither the American nor the South sessions were run with well-practiced eFOR LABOR/BLACK DEFENSE AGAINST FASCIST TERROR! African bourgeoisie are prepared to bureaucratic manipulation, corridor come out for the complete abolition of discussions and often heated argu­ the apartheid system, the SWP /YSA ments between supporters of the SYL can thus pose as the most consistent and· the SWP /YSA continually took Partisan Defense Committee Motion to the bourgeois democrats on the question place. Moreover, the SYL workshop of apartheid. Thus, the SWP/YSA calls on "Racial Oppression and Working­ 19-21 November Conference of the NSCAR Class Pol it i c s," which featured speakers from both the SYL and PDC, The defense of victims of capitalist repression must be grounded in drew over 50 conference participants, a strategy which pits the power of the whole of the working people against making it one of the largest workshops the state and which places no confidence in the racist courts, police and held during the conference. armed fist of the bourgeois state. This defense strategy provides no de­ After the SYL intervened in the fense for right-wing fascistic action groups-the enemies of those we South Africa discussion Saturday to defend. This defense is anti-sectarian in prinCiple and practice and has sharply expose NSCAR for its oppor­ a strategy to engage the social power of the organized workers move­ tunism, the SWP /YSA came into the ment to free victims of capitalist repression. Sunday session, which included one point on the agenda about busing, de­ termined to bureaucratically limit the number of SYL spokesmen recognized by the chair. Thus, th~ SYL managed Class·· •. Series······ to speak only once from the floor on . ": ... " :...... '<:" :'::".'.:.:.: "::. :.:- ... :...... bUSing, before the SWP/YSA-NSCAR BLACK closed the discussion. LlBEEA'l'JQl'iA:NPTHlE FIGHT AGAINST RACIST, In contrast to the SYL resolution on busing, the motion raised by NSCAR REAGTION simply called for an "educational Tuesday~ December 14,7:30 p.m~ campaign" on desegregation, demago­ Room 317, Hamilton aall, Colum... ' gically adding that NSCAR "stands bia Univer.sity prepared to immediately respond to Make checks payable/mail to: For more informatiOn, any racist attacks •.. " But racist at­ (212) 925-5665 Spartacus Youth Publishing Co. tacks occur daily in South Boston! Box 825, Canal Street Station, The NSCAR motion oil busing repre­ New York, N.Y. 10013 sents only a self-servmg retriwtfrom New .York City continued on page 10 10 YOUNG SPARTACUS

associated with Teng Hsiao-ping have At the same time, the campaign not fundamentally differed on most against the "gang of four" and the China ... important issues. seeming broad support for Hua Kuo­ Angola ... In 1968, when the Red Guards feng within the Chinese'bureaucracy continued from page 1 were all ordered disbanded by Mao, do not mean the end of intra­ continued from page 5 r~storation of capitalism! If one were none of the so-called tlradicals" pro­ bureaucratic conflicts in China-as emancipation from foreign domina­ to accept the charges against Chiang tested, even though they had promoted the clashes in Fukien have demon­ tion. Despite the presence of thou­ and her tlgangtl at face value, then the themselves in the regime by mani­ strated. As long as China is misruled sands of Cuban troops and Russian obvious question arises: why were pulating radical youth who mistakenly by a usurping Stalinist bureaucracy advisors, Angola is developing not these "criminals" not exposed years believed that Mao was genUinely based on collectivist property forms according to the "Cuban road" but ago so that the masses could launch waging an anti-bureaucratic and egal­ but excluding the masses from poli­ rather the Algerian. "class struggle" against them? itarian campaign. These "radical" tical power, there inevitably will be Un 1 ike the July 26 Movement of leaders were prepared to see their recurrent crises and social conflicts Castro, a petty-bourgeois nationalist No-Line Struggle youth follOwing suppressed, so long in China. formation which consolidated a de­ as they could maintain their positions Above all, the Maoist bureaucracy formed workers state in Cuba after Even if the clashes in Fukien of power. can not escape the contradiction be­ its initial accomodation with imperi­ have involved supporters of the "gang Likewise, during the summer of tween its aspirations for .great power alism was blocked by the U.S., the of four, n the conflict there no more 197 5,when strikes brought production status and the economic backwardness MPLA has not been forced to embark represents so-called "class struggle" to a standstill in the textile industry of Chinese society; the necessity to on a course of expropriation of im­ against alleged "capitalist roaders" of Hangchow, both the "radicals" seek a utopian "peaceful coexistenc'e" perialist and landlord -capitalist than did the purge of Chiang-Chang­ and the "moderates" in the top leader­ with imperialism while goading the properties to ensure its bonapartist Wang-Yao under the auspices of ship of the party opposed this mass workers to stimulate production will rule. LikeWise, while Castro was Chairman Hua Kuo-feng. Unle.ss one is workers rebellion. Wang Hung-::wen engender crises and conflicts which, forced to attack his pro-imperialist prepared to swallow the improbable was the first to be rushed into Hang­ given the absence ofworker'sdemoc­ right wing (the suppression of the and often unbelievable accusations a­ chOW, where he attempted to lead a racy, will continue to find expression Hubert Matos coup attempt) and to gainst Chiang and her cronies, the back-to-work movement. When the in the form of intra-bureaucratic in­ fuse with the Stalinists, Neto'sMPLA purge and subsequent campaign a­ workers failed to res pond, the trigues, back-stabbing and power­ has conSistently lashed out at the rad­ gainst the "gang of four" is compre­ "moderate" Teng arrived to direct grabbing. ' ical left 'nationalists in the MPLA hensible only as a subterranean power the military suppression of the strike. Until imperialism is decisively and ostensible communists who rep­ struggle between bureaucratic group­ Even more glaring is the complete defeated through the victory of the resent a threat to its neo-colonialist ings which are not based on fundamen­ unanimity between "radicals" and pro let a ria n rev 0 I uti 0 n inter­ poliCies. "moderates" on pursuing anti­ nationally, capitalist restoration will In contrast to the Stalinists and tally counterposed political programs. tl First of all, the "gang of four" revolutionary "detente with U.S. remain a threat for China, the USSR vicarious "Third World" nationalistf?, does not represent a faction-that imperialism and maneuvering inter­ and the other de for m e d workers the SL/SYL calls for the creation of is, a coherent intra-party grouping nationally against so-called "Soviet states. But the greatest obstacles Trotskyist parties in Southern Africa committed to a definite political pro­ social-imperialism. tI As the "anti­ to the defense of the revolutionary to I e a d the struggle against the gram-but rather a clique. Chiang, rightist campaign" against Teng re­ gains of these collectivist states and "radical" nationalist regimes, from Chang, Wang and Yao all rose to vealed, the Chiang clique exercised to the international extensbn of the Angola to Mozambique. As part of the the summits of power during the Cul­ considerable control over the national revolution are the usurping Stalinist fight for socialism, a Trotskyist party tural Revolution solely through their media. Yet at no time have any of bur e au c r a c i e s. These parasitic in Angola would struggle for demo­ tlmore-Maoist-than-Mao" syco­ the prominent "r ad i cal" Stalinist castes are hostile to any proletarian cratic and class demands such as leaders even hinted differences over s t rug g I e s which threaten their freedom for all class-struggle pris­ phancy and personal connections with tl the Chairman. Wang Hung-wen was foreign policy-from the bloc with tldetente with imperialism and their oners" the workers' right to strike promoted so rapidly that he earned U.S./South African imperialism in monopoly of political power within and to form independent organizations the nickname "the helicopter" from Angola to all-out support for NATO. the degenerated/deformed workers for political and economic struggle, rival veteran party cadre; Chiang In the Chinese press the criminal states. the convocation of a constituent as­ Ching, the wife of Mao, headed his line that the USSR is tlcapitalisttl To justify the reactionary Sino­ sembly elected on the basis of uni­ "k i t c hen cabinet"; Yao Wen-yuan and even "social-fascisttl perSists Soviet split and to rationalize its versal and direct franchise, and the happens to be the son-in-law of Mao. unabated, even though the "moder­ own inter-bureaucratic power fights, nationalization without compensation An important reason why the purge ates" are in command. the Peking regime preaches that the of all imperialist holdings in Angola. of the "gang of four" could be exe­ "main danger" to the Chinese revolu­ Only the Trotskyist perspective of cuted so effortlessly and swiftly by For Soviet Democracy Through t ion are the "S 0 vie t soc i a 1- permanent revolution can guid,e the an obscure new Chairman was that Workers Political Revolution!" imperialists" and the "capitalist struggle of the toiling masses of An­ Chiang, Chang, Wang and Yao had roaders within the party" who al­ gola forward to the overthrow of the not risen with~n the bureaucracy as The continuing campaign against legedly could restore cap ita lis m neo-colonial MPLA regime and the the organiC leaders of a Significant the "gang of four" does not signal through "practicing revisionism." To establishment of a workers and pea­ political tendency. Hated by many any fundamental change in the poli­ be sure, there are capitalist restora­ sants government link edt 0 th e for their role in humiliating and cies of the Chinese Stalinist bureauc­ tionist elements within all the Sta­ proletarian revolution of sub-Saharan abusing veteran party cadres during racy, just as the "rehabilitation" of linist bureaucracies, which are en­ Africa .• the Cultural Revolution, and general­ legions of "capitalist roaders" who gendered by the privileges of the ly regarded as political incompetents, had been purged during the Cultural bureaucracy and its quest for an the Chiang clique thus' presented an Rev 01 uti 0 n did not fundamentally accomodation with imperialism. But easy target after the death of Mao change Maoist poliCies over the past to replace the dictatorship of one left them isolated in the bureaucracy. several years. Indeed, there are no class by the dictatorship of another NSCAR ... Moreover, although portraying the insurmountable obstacles today for requires the smashing of the exist­ continued from page 9 the return to power of the t w i c e­ ing s tat e and a civil war. The present campaign against the Chiang the responsibility to mount actions in dumped Teng Hsiao-ping. On the con­ "peaceful road to socialism" and the clique as "tWo-line struggle," none of defense of black rights in Boston. the Stalinist leaders backing Hua trary, Teng still retains his member­ "peaceful restoration of capitalism" By voting down the SYL motions, Kuo-feng have accused the "gang of ship in the par t y, has not been are myths which the Maoist bureauc­ NSCAR in effect reaffirmed its crim­ four" or their alleged followers of jailed, and no longer is being at­ racy promotes to preserve its own tacked by the Peking bureaucracy counterrevolutionary political stran­ ianal policy calling for the armed waging a political struggle to imple­ fist of the capitalist state to invade ment a specific program or poliCies as a "capitalist roader" (all unlike glehold over the masses. Boston to "protect" black people and the "gang of four"). It is not insig­ Unlike the MaOists, Trotskyists '(although political differences un': championed the "rights" of the South doubtedly do exist, albeit deformed nificant that one of the often re­ stand for the unconditional defense curring charges against the Chiang of all the bureaucratically de­ Boston Marshals and the Ku Klux Klan by the framework of Stalinist rule). to organize for their racist terror. Far from representing "radical" or clique is that they "falsely accused" generated/deformed workers states "moderate" pOlicies, both the Chiang and "removed from offic,e" too many against imperialist attack and inter­ By voting down the PDC motion clique and the bureaucratic old guard "leading comrades." nal counterrevolution. At the sam e calling for a class-struggle defense time, we call for proletarian poli­ of the victims of racist "justice," tical revolutions in all these states NSCAR in effect reaffirmed its civil­ to oust the counterrevolutionary Sta­ libertarian reliance on the bourgeois the ComnlUnist Party (which passed linist bureaucracy, establishing so­ courts. the "bi-partisan" Senate unanimous­ viet democracy and revolutionary If you are for workers revolution "The Front" ... ly). One by one, the liberals who the internationalism. Central to our pro­ in South Africa; if you are for a labor/ Stalinists had been cultivating for letarian internationalist perspective black defense to implement busing, continued from page 3 years as allies for the popular front is the formation of Trotskyist parties extend it to the suburbs and to fight began to drop away and turn against in, all the degenerated/d e for m e d racist attacks; if you stand for the ing refuge behind the moral decency them. workers states, part of the struggle c I ass s t rug g I e r 0 a d to black of the liberals. We are grateful for the production to reforge the Fourth International._: liberation: Join the SYL:_ Unlike Florence Barrett, however, of The Front 'insofar as it portrays real liberals' sense of moral decency the persecution of communists and the extends only as far as the political courageous refusal of a few to coop­ SYLForum Class Series needs of the ruling class. The over­ erate. The Front leaves one angry at whelming need of the American ruling the right people for the right reasons. CIUNA AFTER MAO class at that time required the whip­ ,But as revolutionaries, we recognize SYL STUDY GROUP ping up of ,cold-war hysteria and the that anti-communist victimizations Guest speakers: destruction of communist influence in are directed above all at the organized , Irene Gardner, SYL NattlBureau Jeremy Lyle, SYL Nat'} Cmtte. Thursdays, 7 :00 p. m. . the trade unions. It was the Democrats workers movement. They are a wea- . SL/SYL Public Office who launched'the "red scare" under pon in the arsenal of the bourgeoisie 650 So. Clark, 2nd Floor Tue~day,November 30t 7:30 p~ m. Truman. It was the "drugstore liber­ by which it seeks to maintain its op­ 2nd floot lounge, CCS, SUN Y al" Hubert Humphrey, for example, pressive and exploitative rule. Popu­ For more information, call: who in 1950 authored the amendment lar front illusions 0 n 1 y postpone For more information, call: 427-0003 to the McCarran Act that authorized the day when the workers of the world (aU) 925-5665 detention camps for all known commu­ will sweep away the capitalist class nists, and who in 1954 introduced the and put a final end to. its murderous "Communist Control Law" outlawing repression•• SUNY Purchase Chicago DECEMBER 1976 11

SYL initiated and played a leading role in building the series of protests Student against on-campus recruiting by the imperialist National Security Agency. SYL Campaigns as Likewise, the SYL launched the anti­ Government ROTC protests at Berkeley last year. During the near-general strike inSan Francisco last spring, the SYL was Elections at Berkeley Communist Alternative the only left group at Berkeley to campaign on campus in support of the strike of city workers and to organize At the Berkeley campus of the swered inside the ASUe, a sandbox mising working-class struggle, a vote students to join the picket lines around University of California the Spartacus version of bourgeois parliamentary for the pro g ram for socialist the Bay Area. Youth League (SYL) fielded two candi­ politics. The 'Young Spartacus' can­ revolution. " didates make only one campaign The communist politics and acti­ dates for the November elections to promise: we are committed to the The SYL can proudly point to the vist orientation of the SYL contrasts the Associated Students of the Univer­ overthrow .of the capitalist system prominent and often exemplary role sharply with the "progressive" pre­ sity of California (ASUe). Campaign­ through working-class revolution. We which revolutionary Trotskyists have tensions of the ASUC Left Alliance, ing on a full revolutionary program state explicitly: we are using the played at Berkeley. A decade ago the Which stands as the only radical thE' SYL candidates, Dorie Riepe and elections as a vehicle for advancing Spartacist League intervened in the opponent of the SYL in an election Katie Welsh, offered the only social­ the struggle to win students to the Free Speech Movement and during campaign swamped with such self­ ist alternative this year to the ,side of the working class and to a the early years of the New Left stu­ indulging contenders as the super­ campus-parochialist and careerist Marxist world view. We are running dent movement established an activist frivolous Apathy Party, the anti­ to present the Spartacus youth League politics rife in the ASUC, which re­ presence on campus. In more recent "jock" Anti-Fraternity Party and the cently has become increasingly domi­ (SYL) program for socialist revolu­ years the SYL, the youth section of tion. If elected, we will use the stu­ anti-cigarette Campus Environment. nated by con s e r vat i v e student dent government as a platform to .the Spartacist League, has been in the While the do-little left-liberal poli­ Senators. continue to fight for, and mobilize forefront of many protest campaigns tics of the Left Alliance haven't Earlier this year the student gov­ students around, the SYL program. and 0 the r pol i tic a 1 act ion s changed, this year its slate was ernment-presided over by a Senator A vote for the 'Young Spartacus' at Berkeley. different in one way. Former ASUC who frequently attendS ASUC meetings candidates is a vote for uncompro- In spring of 1975, for example, the Senator Dorie Riepe no longer was in his ROTC uniform-voted to slash Young Spartacu~ running with the Left Alliance, but funding for various leftist organiza.., rather with the SYL. It was through tions at Berkeley and to require cam­ working with the SYL to build the pus organizations to submit "mem­ anti-ROTC united-front campaign in bership lists" as a precondition for spring 1975 that she came to solidar­ obtaining room space in the ASUC , ize with the revolutionary politics building. In addition, as the ASUC - and activist orientation of the SYL. elections approached, the incumbent Through its election campaigns, at student government declared that all OUST THE Berkeley as well as next month's cam­ campaign literature would have to be f paign at S.F. State, as through its other approved by the ASUC before its dis­ ADM1tVlSTRATlONI. communist activities on campus, the tribution on campus. The SYL at • SYL seeks to win students to solidar­ 'it'~ ~('f ) IfvVU" f "'R'/fR _ Berkeley denounced and refused to n wah ize with the working class in its his­ comply with these blatantly undemo­ toric mission to overthrow capitalism cratic and anti-communist measures. STUDfNT­ and to dedicate their lives to the revo­ In its election statement the SYL the Blood~ lutionary movement. As the SYL cam­ candida tes stated that the ASUC elec­ s,otlRed It FACULTY paign platform put it: "Don't just vote tions are usually CONTROL.' 'Young Spartacus'-Join the SYL!". "a platform for meaningless posturing -Murderer : S'[ I and tacit agreement among the candi­ J dates to ignore the most important VOTE SYL! questions facing students and society of Lefeber San Francisco State University in general. The 'Young Spartacus' Associated Students - rthe SYL ticket] candidates, Dorie S.. Y.t. Riepe and Katie Welsh, have no illu­ ALOHA KEYLOR sions that these questions can be an- "Young Spartacus" candidates: Dorie Riepe (left) and Katie Welsh (right). For Rep. at large (Sophomore)

fears whatever does not serve it di­ working class sweeps away the Sta­ children in Chile are reportedly rectlY,as wellas whateveritdoesnot linist bureaucracies throughproletar­ threatened with starvation. After two­ Lysenko ... understand. When it demands some ian political revolution, the pseudo­ and-a-half years of the Pinochet re­ connection between natural science scientific quack commissars like Ly­ gime, infant mortality has risen to and production, this is on a large scale continued from page 2 senko will disappear alOng WIth them.• right; but when it commands that sci­ 63 per thousand." Stalin was an inevitable outcome of the entific investigators set themselves The award of the Nobel Prize to "dogma" of dialectical materialism. goals only of immediate practical im­ Friedman is an open affront to the This contention is false and points to portance, this threatens to seal up the whole of the workers movement and one of the tragic ironies of the most precious sources of invention, to all defenders of democratic right~. Lysenko affair. A number of dis­ including practical discoveries, for Friedman ... On December 3 Friedman is slated tinguished scientists-such as Soviet these often arise on un for e see n continued from page 12· to be feted again at a by-invitation­ roads. n genetiCists I.I. Agol and S.G. Levit of the population" (L atin America, only dinner at Chicago's Conrad Hil­ With its abandonment of the most ele­ and Nobel laureateH.J. MUller­ 18 April 1975). This means that many tono In response, the SYL has called mentary scientific methodology and of viewed dialectical materialism as working-class families receiving the for a demonstration against Friedman being central to their scientific work any r~course to objective reality in "minimum wage" cannot buy more that will raise the slogans: "Down the form ofexperimental e v ide n c e, and saw in genetics a powerful than 1,000 calories and 15 grams of with Milton Friedman-Apartheid A­ Lysenkoism represented a triumph of vindication of materialism. The work protein per person per day, less pologist, Pinochet's Braintruster!," voluntarist idealism. of these Marxists was frequently than half the minimum satisfactory "Free All Victims of Apartheid Re­ suppressed by the Stalinist bureauc­ The Ly sen k 0 i s t perversion of level of consumption established by pression and Junta Terror!," "Smash racy in the USSR. science and dialectical materialism the World Health Organization (The Apartheid-For Proletarian Revolu­ As Trotsky stated in The Revo­ have become economically significant Nation, 28 August 1976). The Chicago tion in South Africa!," and "For lution Betrayed, only under the sponsorship of Stalin­ Sun-Times (19 October 1976) quoted Workers Revolution to Crush the "The bureaucracy superstitiously ist bureaucratic castes. When the one Chilean teacher: "One million Chilean Junta! n •

LOS ANGELES: SYL, Box 29115, SYL DIRECTORY Los Feliz Sta. ,Los Angeles, CA SL/SYL ANN ARBOR: SYL, Box 89, 4th floor 90029, or cail (213) 413-2018 Young PUBLIC OFFICES Michigan Union, Univ. of Michigan, MADISON: SYL, Box 3334. Madison, Ann Arbor, MI 48107, or call WI 53704 Sparlacus Revolutionary (313) 769-6376 NEW YORK: SYL, Box 825, Canal E"ltt()rwl Board: Charles O'Brien (editor) BAY AREA: SYL, c/o SL, Box Irene Gardner Literature Street Sta., New York, NY 10013, Steve Green BAY AREA: 23372, Oakland, CA, 94623, or call or call (212) 925-5665 Elizabeth Kendall 1634 Telegraph (near 17th St.) ( 415) 835 -1 535 PHILADELPHIA:SYL, c/o SL, Box PruductlLlil nlJ.I1J.~l'r: K. Juhnsull 3rd Fl., Oakland Ca. Phone: 835- BOSTON: SYL, Box 227, Boston U. ClrcuL.ltlOll111anager: M. Sander~ 1535. Open Friday and Saturday, 25601, Philadelphia, PA 19144. Station, Boston. MA :)2245,0:' call 3.:00-6:00 p.m. (617) 492 -3928 m (617) 254-4236 l'Olm~ Spurt<1cIIS IS published by the Spartacus CHICAGO: SYL, Box 4667, Main Youth Publlstlln~~ Cu. The Spartacus youth CHICAGO: League, the :;uuth St.:etlOll of the Spartacist 650 So. Clark St., 2nd Fl., Chicago, P,O., Chicago, IL 60680, or call .1 Trotskyist League League, l~ reVolutIOnarY' socialist' )'otfth Ill. Phone: 427-0003. Open Tues­ (312) 427-0003 urg'alllzatllJll whIch intervenes 1Il social struggles armed with a working-class progranl, day, 4:00-8:00 p.m. and Saturday, CLEVELAND: SYL, Box 02182, of Canada hased on the polities at Marx, Lenin andTrotsky. 2:00-6:00 p.m. Cleveland, OH 44102, or call (2IG)

281-4781 TORONTO: Box 7198, Station A, Opllllons t'xprc.ssed 111 signed artIcles or letters NEW YORK: DETROIT: SYL, c/o SL, Box 663A, Toronto, Ontario, or call (416) do not necessarily' express the editorial' 260 West Broadway (near Canal General P,O" Detroit, MI 48232, 366-4107 viewpoint. St.), Room 522, New York, N.Y. or call (313) 869-1551 VANCOUVER: Box 26, Station A, Subscriptions: $2 for 11 issues. Phone: 925-5665. Open Monday HOUSTON: SL. Box 26474. HOllston. Vancouver, B.C., or, call (604) Write Spartacus Youth Publishing Co., Box825, through Friday, . 6:30-,i}:OO p.m. Canal street· Station, New York, NY 10013. TX 77207 291-8993 :and Saturday, 1:00-4:00 p.m. rlacus DECEMBER 1976

Protest Junto Collaborator Friedmanl Braintruster of Chilean "Shock Treatment" Gets Imperialist Prize Milton Friedman. CHICAGO-On October 14 University ian a b s ten t ion from other anti­ of Chicago (UC) economics professor Friedman actions at UC organized on Milton Friedman was awarded the No­ a united-front basis. bel Prize for economics and $150,000 The militant November 9 demon­ 'by the Royal Swedish Academy of stration p_ 0 t est e d Friedman's ap­ Sciences. Friedman was cited for "hi,s pearance at the bookstore with chants achievements in the fields of con­ of "Friedman lies!" and "Smash the sumption analysis, monetary history junta and all its lackeys!" The SYL and theory and for his demonstra­ demonstrators then entered the book­ tion of the complexity of stabilization store to confront Friedman with the policy. " facts of his collaboration with For 0 v era year the Spartacus Pinochet. Youth League (SYL) has been leading "While you're eating your cheese a campaign to expose and protest and sipping your wine, Mr. Fried­ the complicity of Friedman and fellow man," said an SYL spokesman, "the UC economics professor Arnold Har­ Chilean workers are starving to death berger with the murderous Chilean because of your so-called shOCk treat­ juntao The campaign began in late ment." Arguments and discussions September 1975 at Friedman/Har­ quickly brr '? out around the room berger's UC home base, and subse­ between Sl supporters and other que n t demonstrations also h a v e Friedman opponents and the assem­ been held in Madison and Berkeley. bled admirers of "Uncle Mil­ The camp a i g n has received sig­ ton." When Friedman protested that nificant coverage in the national (and the SYL' s denunciation violated his even foreign) press and has inter­ civil rights, a crowd of administra­ sected a far-ranging controversy in tion officials and a campus "secur­ the me d i a and "academic co m­ ity" cop surrounded the SYL munity" over the role of Friedman's spokesman, accusing him of "disrup­ "Chicago Boys" as Pinochet's brain­ ting" Friedman's celebration and un­ trusters. successfully attempting to eject the SYL spokesman. Unable to silence the SYL, the Demonstration Confronts administration hirelings were further "Chicago Boy" enraged by the arrival of additional Immediately after the Nobel "tri­ SYL supporters with placards de­ SYL supporters outside UC bookstore protest Friedman. umph" was announced, the SYL organ­ nouncing Friedman, which the campus ized a demonstration at apreviously­ cop was unable to grab away. Unde­ moutppiece for those attacking the zilian'economistCarlos Langoni, met scheduled public talk by Friedman at ferred, the SYL spOKesman continUed. standards of living of the working with junta chief Augusto Pinochet. the UC Law School (see "SYL Protests "the very possibility of having a class in the U.S. and abroad. What This was one of "a series of inter­ Imperialist Award to Junta Brain­ shock treatment in Chile is based on distinguishes Friedman and Harberg­ views with the public and private truster Friedman," Workers Van­ the eXlstence of a widespread pOlice er is their direct collaborattan in the sectors" that occurred durmg the six­ guard, 22 October 1976). Soon there­ apparatus, called DINA, which makes formulation of the Chilean junta's day visit (El Mercurio [Santiago],. it possible to stop protests against murderous economic policy. For 23 March 1975). At this time Fried­ after the SYL learned that on Novem­ Friedman and the junta. If someone ber 9 a wine-and-cheese party would Friedman-the vi rul e n tly anti­ man outlined his "shock treatment" in Chile were to try to talk about communist/labor-hating former eco­ and counselled, "Don't worry about b held at the UC bookstore for Milton Friedman, they'd get dragged Friedman, who would autograph cop- off to a torture center and tortured, nomic advisor to Goldwater, Nixon your international image any more,_ and Ronald Reagan and apologist for Mr. President. Just make sure that the white-supremacist regimes in the international corporations find it South Africa and Rhodesia-the Pino­ profitable here, and nothing more" DEMONSTRATE AGAINST FRIEDMAN! chet regime has afforded the first (Ercilla [Santiago], 2-8 April 1975). Down with Milton Friedman-Apartheid Apologist, Pinochet's opportunity to see his theories of Fact: A new cabinet including nu­ Brain truster! budget-slashing, union-buE3ting "free merous "Chicago Boys"was installed enterprise" implemented. I nd e ed, by the junta to implement the "shock Free All Victims of Apartheid Repression and Junta Terror! Chile under the "shock treatment" treatment" immediately after the de­ Smash Apartheid! For Proletarian Revolution in South Aftrica! has frequently been referred to as a parture of Friedman and Harberger For Workers Revolution to Crush the Chilean Junta! "laboratory for Friedman." (Facts on File, 10 May 1975). The Chicago Maroon (10 October 1975) DECEMBER 3 - CONRAD HILTON HOTEL (720 South Michigan) - &:30 p.m. Friedman/Harberger's response to the exposure of their Chile role carried an article entitled "UC Grads by the SYL and others has been to Direct Chilean Economy" whichquot­ ies of his latest book, There'S No and they'd be lucky to survive." either flatly deny or else attempt to ed Harberger on his continUing rela­ Such ThinE{ as a Free Lunch. The minimize their complicity. Yet the tions with his former students and SYL responded by calling for a dem­ Friedman's "Achievement" case against them is based on well­ friends who are presently in the jun­ onstration at the UC bookstore under documented and widely-reported ta's government (Harberger has visit­ the slogans, "NobeIPrizeMoneyCan't Despite their work for bourgeois facts. ed Chile five times since the 1973 Get the Blood Off Friedman's Hands!," reaction, Friedman and his followers Fact: Witnesses testifying before coup). "Milton Friedman is the Architect of have always represented a minority the U.S. Senate Select Committee on , Fact: As a result of the "shock Mass Starvation in Chile!," and "Drive current among bourgeois economists. Intelligence Activities in December treatment" inflation in Chile is about Friedman Off Campus Through Pro­ But under the impact of continued 1975 disclosed that some of Fried­ 200 percent and unemployment has test and Exposure!" Although in­ economic stagnation, the international man/Harberger's "Chicago Boys" re­ been conservatively estimated at 18 formed of the planned demonstration bourgeoisie has become increaSingly ceived CIA money to write a 300- percent {Business Week, 1 November well in advance, the "ivy-league so­ receptive to fiscal schemes calling page economic blueprint that was 1976). cialists" of both the Socialist Workers for the slashing of state expenditures given to the Chilean generals in prep­ Fact: When Friedman outlined his Party/Young Socialist Alliance and for social services. Thus, Friedman's aration for their coup (Business Week, "shock· treatment," he "willingly ad­ the New American Movement refused views are markedly more popular 12 January 1976). mitted" that it "would mean a tough to demonstrate against Friedman, today than ever before. Fact: On 21 March 1975 Friedman, period ahead for the poorer section which is consistent with their sectar- But Friedman is not s imp I y a accompanied by Harberger and Bra- continued on Page 11