DOCSLIB.ORG

Forest Preferences & Urbanization

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Forest Preferences & Urbanization Forest Preferences & Urbanization Perspective from four Sacred Groves in India’s National Capital Region By David S. Grace Dr. Dean Urban, Advisor Dr. Marc Jeuland, Advisor Masters project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University May 2017 Executive Summary Within its institutional setting, the sacred grove is understood as the forested abode of a deity or multiple deities. However, the relationship between the forest and its divine host/s is expressed in many ways, often in ways which seem incompatible to ‘rational-legal’ discourse and policy. Yet, sacred groves are not confined to the most remote geographies or the most mythic theologies. In fact, the sacred grove is entangled in very ‘modern’ ways of thinking, and bureaucratic governance regimes, in places which are experiencing rapid urban growth and cultural change. Thus, the sacred grove is not easily defined, and its relationship to state protection is complicated. The megacity extending from Delhi, India is formally administered as the National Capital Territory, but is even more broadly conceived as the National Capital Region. The sacred groves in this context have become increasingly characterized by urbanization and related culture change. These conditions present rich theoretical opportunities to analyze changes in preferences among residents in the institutional setting of the sacred forest, empirically, and to interpret implications of any such changes in terms of demand for forest conservation as well as continued collective action potential. To accomplish this task, this present study offers a survey of residents (n=198) within four sacred grove sites in the NCR. This study analyzes the sacred grove as a socio-ecological system situated within a wider landscape consisting of non-sacred forest – with the exception of one site – as well as alternate worship sites outside of sacred forests – here called temple sites. These three site types are important markers in the landscape and are associated with differing types of values and are ascribed different magnitudes of importance. The survey approach seeks to characterize willingness to pay (WTP) for visits to these sites to better understand marginal preferences by site type and characteristic. Details are collected on respondent’s actual visits, and Revealed Preference models infer the characteristics of the visitors to each site type. In specifying these characteristics, this study seeks to determine the impact of important cultural evolution variables and urbanization on preference. Cultural evolution proxy variables utilized include education level, percent calories purchased, and primary worship of native deity. A measure of urbanization is provided by classification of ‘urban’ households based on land-use, land-cover classification as built-up environment. Cultural evolution is analyzed in this Indian context, through the theoretical perspective of Sanskritization, which has been proposed as the cause of institutional decline in the sacred grove. My study contributes to this literature by testing for a Sanskritization effect on forest preferences in a landscape perspective, while controlling for important socio-economic variables in addition to distance to sacred grove and travel cost to nearest sacred grove and temple sites. The Revealed Preference models provide evidence of use-values for the sites, describing actual visits, as well as a baseline for non-use values which may be present. However, Stated Preference survey methods are also utilized to better characterize the range of values present for these sites, by offering hypothetical visits which 1) isolate the sacred vs. non-sacred forest effect on preference, controlling for forest characteristics, and 2) derive relative preference for important forest characteristics – size, temple presence, natural or planted quality, extraction level, and distance from home – as well as marginal preferences among these characteristics by observing trade-offs between varying levels of these attributes. The first item is accomplished with a Contingent Valuation (CV) exercise, which first asks WTP questions for non-sacred forest and then offers the hypothetical choice of a sacred forest visit rather than a non-sacred forest visit, in terms of explicitly additional WTP. The second item is accomplished with a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) which offers a series of choice tasks to each respondent, who choose one of two forests described by the attributes above specified at varying levels arranged in a blocked fractional factorial design. This study finds greater WTP for sacred forest than non-sacred forest among residents of the setting of the institutional setting of the sacred grove, in both revealed and stated preference measures. However, a trade-off between sacred forest and temple site visits was observed among those of ‘higher’ urbanization and Sanskritization characteristics. Primary worship of a global deity rather than native deity is one predictor of temple preference, which accords with Sanskritization expectations. However, proximity to sacred grove, holding a professional or vocational degree, or living in an urban environment seem to be better predictors. Overall, relative to the other forest characteristics described, the temple appears more important for visit choice by a factor of two. In this marginal preference context, large forest size and zero extraction level appear to be traded off, suggesting some concern regarding the relation of temple preference and forest conservation demand. Yet, the implications of this temple preference may not be antagonistic to conservation motives. Perhaps unexpected to Sanskritization literature, temple preference seems to correspond with conservation-oriented forest preferences for non-sacred forests. These conservation preferences are suggested by a perception of non-sacred forests as more useful for ecosystem services among temple visitors. An increase in non-use values for non-sacred forest may also be evident in the observation of a greater willingness to pay an entrance fee for non-sacred forest by those who do not worship a native deity primarily. Taken together, these suggest a potential increase in perception of non-sacred forest value and a potential willingness to pay for its non-use ecosystem services. The development of these conservationist preferences for non-sacred forests may yield positive collective action results for community forests facing urbanization threats in which land-use is increasingly contested and alternate uses become feasible tradeoffs with the status quo landscape. Sanskritization, as a transfer from local to global deity worship within the tradition of Hinduism, accords with cultural evolution studies on the relation of complex societies and ‘big Gods.’ The enabling and constraining impacts of these changes for collective action within the institutional setting of the sacred grove are considered to lead to two options: 1). a wider cosmological and social world which creates the enabling conditions for multi-scale governance linkages or 2) a shift in the locus of significance from the forest to the temple, suggestive of a transition from commons to open-access land subject to degradation in the absence of enforcement external to the institutional setting of the sacred grove. This study finds evidence in both directions, and recommends further study of collective action in community forest settings sensitive to cultural evolution. Table of Contents: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………I LIST OF ACRONYMS & TRANSLATIONS……………………………..…………………………………………………………II INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….1 BACKGROUND………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 STUDY AREA………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...14 METHODS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..……………...21 SURVEY DESIGN ….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…21 SAMPLING DESIGN ………………………………………………………………………………………………………21 DATA COLLECTION………………………………………………...…………………………………………………….21 DATA EDITING……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...22 MODELLING TECHNIQUE………………………………………………………………………………………………26 Revealed Preferences……………………………………………………………………………………………..27 Stated Preferences…………………………………………….……………………………………………………29 o Contingent Valuation (CV)…………………………………………………………………………..29 o Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE)………….……………………………………………………31 RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…………….34 Revealed Preferences……………………………………………………………………………………………..34 o Visits to Sacred Forest, Non-Sacred Forest, & Alternate Worship Sites Stated Preferences…………………………………………….……………………………………………………41 o Contingent Valuation (CV)…………………………………………………………………………..41 o Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE)…………….…………………………………………………47 DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………………………………….……..……………………48 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….61 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….62 APPENDICIES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………65 LIST OF ACRONYMS CV – Contingent Valuation DCE – Discrete Choice Experiment CAP – Collective Action Problem SP – Stated Preference RP – Revealed Preference WTP – Willingness to Pay SF – Sacred Forest NSF – Non-Sacred Forest WS – Temple Site, (Worship Site outside of Sacred Forest) HINDI/REGIONAL TRANSLATIONS NCR- National Capital Region, includes Delhi, Faridabad, and Gurgaon in my study area and other areas. Perhaps
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bird Species in Delhi-“Birdwatching” Tourism
    Conference Proceedings: 2 nd International Scientific Conference ITEMA 2018 BIRD SPECIES IN DELHI-“BIRDWATCHING” TOURISM Zeba Zarin Ansari 63 Ajay Kumar 64 Anton Vorina 65 https://doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.161 Abstract : A great poet William Wordsworth once wrote in his poem “The world is too much with us” that we do not have time to relax in woods and to see birds chirping on trees. According to him we are becoming more materialistic and forgetting the real beauty of nature. Birds are counted one of beauties of nature and indeed they are smile giver to human being. When we get tired or bored of something we seek relax to a tranquil place to overcome the tiredness. Different birds come every morning to make our day fresh. But due to drainage system, over population, cutting down of trees and many other disturbances in the metro city like Delhi, lots of species of birds are disappearing rapidly. Thus a conservation and management system need to be required to stop migration and disappearance of birds. With the government initiative and with the help of concerned NGOs and other departments we need to settle to the construction of skyscrapers. As we know bird watching tourism is increasing rapidly in the market, to make this tourism as the fastest outdoor activity in Delhi, the place will have to focus on the conservation and protection of the wetlands and forests, management of groundwater table to make a healthy ecosystem, peaceful habitats and pollution-free environment for birds. Delhi will also have to concentrate on what birdwatchers require, including their safety, infrastructure, accessibility, quality of birdlife and proper guides.
    [Show full text]
  • Science & Technology Developments
    MARCH 2021 CONTENTS Cover Story - Draft national policy on migrant workers 1. ECONOMY 1.1 ESIC, other social security safety nets to cover gig economy workers 1.2 Govt. agrees to maintain States’ share in the divisible pool of taxes 1.3 ‘India’s weak fiscal position to remain a key credit challenge’ 1.4 For affluent, EPF is not nest egg but goose that lays golden eggs 1.5 Retail investors to be able to buy G-Secs directly: RBI 1.6 Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) 1.7 In PM’s words for pvt sector, India Inc sees booster shot 1.8 ‘Bad bank’ idea: Govt guarantee for ARC paper likely 1.9 RBI sets up panel for strengthening UCBs 1.10 PM reaffirms plan to include natural gas under GST regime 1.11 Cabinet approves PLI plan for telecom 1.12 Gadkari urges auto firms to raise localisation to 100% 1.13 What rise in bond yield means for investors and govt 1.14 RBI working paper defends 4% inflation target for India 2. INDIA AND WORLD 2.1 No Indian role in developing ECT in Colombo 2.2 For New Delhi, the tightrope on Myanmar is back 2.3 ECT fiasco: Indian envoy meets Gotabaya, Mahinda 2.4 ‘India ready to supply weapon systems to Indian Ocean nations’ 2.5 Ukraine looking at defence purchases from India 2.6 Israel wants India by its side against ICC ruling, Delhi silent 2.7 India is an important partner in the Indo-Pacific region, says U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Letters to the Editor
    174 Indian BIRDS VOL. 12 NO. 6 (PUBL. 31 MARCH 2017) URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261391764. [Accessed on 01 Shobrak, M., 2012. Electrocution and collision of birds with power lines in Saudi September 2016.] Arabia. Zoology in the Middle East 57: 45–52. Lehman, R. N., 2001. Raptor electrocution on power lines: current issues and outlook, Sundar, K. S. G., & Choudhury, B. C., 2005. Mortality of Sarus Cranes (Grus antigone) Wildlife Society Bulletin 29 (3): 804–813. due to electricity wires in Uttar Pradesh, India. Environmental Conservation 32 Loss, S. R., Will, T., & Marra, P. P., 2014. Refining estimates of bird collision and (3): 260–269. electrocution mortality at power lines in the United States. PLoS ONE 9 (7): Tere, A., & Parasharya, B. M., 2011. Flamingo mortality due to collision with high e101565. URL: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101565. [Accessed on 01 September tension electric wires in Gujarat, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3 (11): 2016.] 2192–2201. Manville, A. M., 2005. Bird strikes and electrocutions at power lines, communication Van Rooyen, C., & Diamond, M., 2008. Wildlife—power line interaction towers and wind turbines: state of the art and state of the science—next steps management. INDWA (Journal of the South African Crane Working Group). toward mitigation. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191. 6 (2): 411–423. Letters to the Editor A second Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India I wish to report a sighting of the Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki at Barefoot, Havelock Resort (12.00ºN, 92.95ºE), Radhanagar Beach, which situated at the western side of Havelock Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Objections to Haryana Government Decision to Amend the Plpa Act: a Citizen Response
    OBJECTIONS TO HARYANA GOVERNMENT DECISION TO AMEND THE PLPA ACT: A CITIZEN RESPONSE Background The Haryana government on February 27, 2019 passed the controversial Punjab Land Preservation Act (PLPA) Amendment Bill despite immense protests raised by citizens and environmental groups. The issue was covered by all the mainstream media, with respect to the assumed pressure of the realtors/builders and mining lobby on the state Government and its potential ramifications on the environmentally sensitive Aravalli zone. The Honable Supreme Court too came down heavily on the same, calling the Haryana Government actions as "obnoxious and contemptuous." The bench in fact, reprimanded the state council and warned the state Government of contempt proceedings for its temerity to violate a previous order of the Apex Court. In its defence, the Government put forward the argument that many of the urban estates of Haryana Urban Development Authority and Municipal Authorities colonized areas would face continued uncertainty on account of the PLPA notifications. This concern was clearly in the wake of the Honable Supreme Court direction to demolish Kant Enclave which was illegally constructed in violation of PLPA. As per the Court order, the first lot of 13 structures were demolished on April 1, 2019, and the balance structures were slated to be demolished on July 1, 2019. As per the court order, not only is a sum of Rs 5 crores for the rehabilitation of the Aravalis’ to be paid but also an amount of Rs 50 lakh to offset construction costs was to be paid to each owner. Kant & Co (Developer) would have to refund the cost of land with 18% interest besides also sharing 50% of the penalty levied by the Court.
    [Show full text]
  • An Appraisal of Sacred Groves of Aravalli Hills in Haryana Sub-Region, NCR
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296 Role of Community in Grove Management An Appraisal of Sacred Groves of Aravalli Hills in Haryana Sub-Region, NCR Ajay Sudharsan L1, Srinidhi Hariharan2, Shivendu Kumar3, Ritik Roushan4, Kumud Dhanwantri5 1, 2, 3, 4Students of B.Planning, Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122 413, India 5Asst. Professor & Project Co-ordinator, Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar)-122 413, India Abstract: Sacred groves are the forests which are protected under traditional practices by any ethnic group with special cultural or religious significance. While the sacred groves of the western ghats, the Himalayas and the North east, have been studied widely, the groves in the northern and central India are relatively unknown. This study is pertained to the sacred groves present in the ranges of Aravalli hills, in the Mangar village of Faridabad district, in the Ferozpur Jhirka village of Mewat district, in the Manesar village, Gurugram district of Haryana, India. The study attempts to assess the hypothesis that the higher the role of community in the grove management, the better the management of groves and More number of indigenous species in grove leads to better delivery of ecosystem services. Keywords: community, conservation, sacred groves, deterioration 1. Introduction 2. Methodology Sacred groves’ are small patches of native vegetation traditionally protected and managed by local communities. In other words, sacred groves are the refuge of certain plant species preserved on religious grounds which can satisfy the aesthetic, scientific, cultural, and recreational needs of mankind (Bhakat, 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • To, Date: 31 August 2021 the Chairman, Haryana State Pollution Control Board, C-11, Sector 6, Panchkula
    To, Date: 31 August 2021 The Chairman, Haryana State Pollution Control Board, C-11, Sector 6, Panchkula Subject: Objections of the Aravalli Bachao Citizens Group against the proposed waste to energy plant, its further expansion at Bandhwari landfill site, Gurugram and the public hearing on 31 August 2021 being conducted in violation of the EIA Notification 2006. WHY PUBLIC HEARING NEEDS TO BE DECLARED NULL & VOID AND A NEW PUBLIC HEARING NEEDS TO BE CALLED FOR AFTER A MONTH? Aravalli Bachao Citizens Group representing thousands of citizens from Gurugram, Faridabad, Delhi, other NCR cities and across India objects to the public hearing that is being held on 31st August 2021 in violation of the rules of the EIA Notification 2006. The attached Public Hearing Notice issued by the Haryana State Pollution Control Board (HSPCB), Panchkula clearly states that the Executive Summary of the project and the EIA study will be available on the HSPCB website ( hspcb.gov.in ) and the offices of the Deputy Commissioner of Gurugram, Municipal Corporation Gurugram, Zila Parishad Gurugram and Regional office of the Haryana State Pollution Control Board in Vikash Sadan, Gurugram. According to Appendix 4 of the EIA Notification 2006, copy of the EIA report needs to be made available to the public 30 days prior to the date of the Public Hearing so that sufficient time is given to citizens to study the document and give their views. The EIA Notification also states that the Executive Summary of the EIA report needs to be translated in local language and be made available to the public 30 days prior to the date of the Public Hearing.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Mangar Bani Forest Demarcation
    Proposal for Mangar Bani forest demarcation Bagish K Jha | TNN | Feb 4, 2016 GURGAON: City-based environmentalists have welcomed the forest department's move to suggest the state government to demarcate 1943 acres of land in the Aravali hills, located along Gurgaon- Faridabad Road, as Mangar Bani forest. They hope the move is the first in a series of decisions, to protect the Aravalis in Haryana. Environmentalist Chetan Agrawal, who has been fighting for the protection of Mangar Bani for years, hailed the forest department's move, saying it gives a clear message that environment and forests are also important along with development. "Mangar Bani is very important for Gurgaon and the entire NCR. It now seems that the state government, too, has understood the importance of this eco-sensitive area in the Aravalis," said Agrawal. "Mangar Bani, along with the Aravalis, plays an important role in the recharge of groundwater. Protection of this area is also important for conservation of water," he added. Agrawal said the Mangar Bani forest area was actually a panchayat land. By all dubious means, these lands were transferred in the names of private people. "This caused the entire problem. People started purchasing this land for constructing farmhouses and other purpose," he said. Welcoming the move, Vivek Kamboj of Haryali, a city-based NGO, said amid the dark cloud of destruction of forests and the environment, the move has come as a silver lining for conservation. "This is just a beginning and we hope the government build on this to protect our forest," he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Important News Articles from the Hindu (Delhi Edition) 1St September
    Important News Articles from The Hindu (Delhi edition) 1st September 2021 • Page 1 ➢ UNSC resolution addresses ‘key concerns’ on Afghanistan: India (IR) ✓ Despite the abstention of two “P5” countries — Russia and China — from the India-led United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 2593, the Government of India said it was a “matter of satisfaction” that the resolution addressed India’s “key concerns” on Afghanistan. ✓ P5 refers to the five permanent members of the UNSC — China, France, Russia, the U.K. and the U.S. ✓ The resolution demands that Afghan territory should not be used to threaten or attack any country or to shelter and train terrorists and plan or finance terrorist attacks. It mentions individuals designated by Resolution 1267, (which includes the Lashkar-e-Taiba and the Jaish-e-Mohammad). ➢ India reaches new milestone with over 1.09 cr. jabs in a day (Covid-19) – Read the news. ➢ 24% shortfall recorded in August rain (Geography) ✓ Far from the forecast of a “normal” monsoon in August, India ended the month with a 24% shortfall, according to data from the Met Department ✓ This brings India’s overall monsoon rainfall deficit to 9%, just a percentage-point shy of what would be considered “deficient” rainfall • Page 2 ➢ Centre defends decision to regulate digital news media (Technology) ✓ The Centre on Tuesday defended before the Delhi High Court its decision to regulate news and current affairs content on digital media under the new Information Technology (IT) Rules saying that there have been past incidents of disinformation on digital media leading to disturbance of public order.
    [Show full text]
  • What Ails EIA for Building and Construction Projects ?
    What Ails EIA for Building and Construction Projects ? Sakshi C. Dasgupta source: www.visualphotos.com Sustainable Building Programme, CSE Buildings and Construction Projects • This Session on urban projects is very Unique • Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is generally associated with industries, mining, hydropower, thermal plants etc. • They are the more visible sectors in EIA • The debate on EIA rarely features building projects and is generally the odd one out Buildings Sector less Visible because… • Regulatory Approach reflects this attitude • Civil society still take up Building sector Issues • For other sectors NGOs, people’s organizations are actively Campaigning • But there is little understanding about building sector impacts and pressures Realization is Setting in… • We are beginning to see the reactions and voices by the neighborhoods and communities • People are now up in arms against projects that threaten their land, resources and existence • E.g. Lavasa, Commonwealth Games Village, greater Noida (Bhatta parsaul), Vasant Kunj Ridge Malls, Mangar Bani • That is the reason CSE’s Sustainable Building Unit decided to take this up What Buildings have done to our Cities ? GoogleGoogle EarthEarth ‐‐ GurgaonGurgaon GoogleGoogle EarthEarth ‐‐ BengaluruBengaluru GoogleGoogle EarthEarth ‐‐ HyderabadHyderabad Cities are becoming Dense ! Cities are going Vertical ! http://www.flickr.com/photos/85296574@N00/185514559/sizes/o/in/set-72157594199106864/ Urban Growth in Jaipur 1975 Cities are Expanding! Source: http://sapiens.revues.org/932
    [Show full text]
  • Project Report Template
    MAHINDRA - TERI CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE HABITATS Water Sustainability Assessment Of Gurugram City Water Sustainability Assessment of Gurugram City © The Energy and Resources Institute 2021 Suggested format for citation T E R I. 2021 Water Sustainability Assessment of Gurugram City New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute. 82 pp. THE TEAM Technical Team Mr Akash Deep, Senior Manager, GRIHA Council Ms Tarishi Kaushik, Research Associate, TERI Support Team Mr Dharmender Kumar, Administrative Officer, TERI Technical Reviewer Prof. Arun Kansal, Dean (Research and Relationships), TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi For more information Project Monitoring Cell T E R I Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111 Darbari Seth Block E-mail [email protected] IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145 New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org India India +91 • Delhi (0)11 Preface Literature describes urban areas as open systems with porous boundaries and highlights the importance of a systems perspective for understanding ecological sustainability of human settlement. Similarly, a socio-ecological framework helps us to understand the nexus between social equity, environmental sustainability, and economic efficiency. India is urbanizing rapidly with characteristic inequality and conflicts across the social, economic, and locational axes. Following the global pattern, Indian cities use social and natural resources of the rural hinterland and their own resources for survival and growth and, in the process, generate large amount of waste. Water is the most important ‘resource flow’ in an urban area, driven by a complex set of intersecting socio-economic, political, infrastructural, hydrological, and other factors. These drivers vary a great deal within a city and has a significant impact on the water flow and management and requires both micro and macro level study in order to address it.
    [Show full text]
  • Environment & Ecology Current Affairs (2014 – 2015)
    1 Aspire IASThe name associated with excellence Current Environment PT-2015 ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY CURRENT AFFAIRS (2014 – 2015) 1. What is the difference between a national framework of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme park, protected area, sanctuary and biosphere of the UNESCO and are not formed according to the reserve? guidelines of the Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972 and may have one or more national parks or wildlife sanctuaries in it. Under the MAB programme there is a World Network of Due to enormous pressure of the exploding human population, Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) and within this network, the area of the forests is shrinking and many of the flora exchange of information, experience and personnel is allowed. and fauna are on the verge of extinction. Accordingly, efficient in-situ conservation strategy has been organized to conserve ecologically important areas by regulating human intervention 2. Sri Lankan flying snake sighted for the first time and thus efforts have established a protected area network. outside Sri Lanka in Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, A.P. National park is an area with enough ecological, geomorphological and natural significance with rich fauna Flying snake or Chrysopelea taprobanica and flora, which is designed to protect and to develop wildlife Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, A.P. or its environment. The rights of the people living inside this Evidence of continental drift theory Category 2 type of protected areas are tightly regulated and activities like grazing, hunting, forestry or cultivation, Sri Lankan flying snake or Chrysopelea taprobanica, encroachment, destruction of habitats and other activities considered endemic to the dry and intermediate zones of the are strictly prohibited.
    [Show full text]
  • PROTECTED AREA UPDATE News and Information from Protected Areas in India and South Asia
    T PROTECTED AREA UPDATE News and Information from protected areas in India and South Asia Vol. XXII, No. 2 April 2016 (No. 120) LIST OF CONTENTS Madhya Pradesh/ Maharashtra 9 EDITORIAL 3 Nature camp for students from villages on Pench TR A generational shift fringe Maharashtra 9 NEWS FROM INDIAN STATES Four arrested in Dombivli, Mumbai, with leopard Bihar/West Bengal 3 skin; previous killings in SGNP undetected Gharial released in Bihar; captured in West Bengal Rawandi village agrees to relocate from Sahyadri TR Goa 4 Pench TR launches a public-participation project Goan farmers want monkeys, wild boar, porcupine 20 villages near Tadoba seek community forest declared vermin rights under FRA Gujarat 4 Tiger found dead after being hit by vehicle in Tadoba Govt drops lion conservation plan Andhari TR buffer Haryana 5 Post of Field Director, Navegaon-Nagzira TR vacant WII to identify potential wildlife areas in Haryana for five months Aravalis Maharashtra/Telangana 12 FD suggests demarcation of Mangar Bani as a forest Two tigers travel from Maharashtra to Kawal TR Himachal Pradesh 5 Odisha 12 NGT sets up expert panel to study Renuka dam Rise in crocodile, gharial population in Satkosia project Wildlife Sanctuary Jharkhand 6 Rajasthan 13 Forest cover shrinks in five districts of Jharkhand Sariska TR put in the ‘good’ category of MEE Karnataka 6 Tamil Nadu 13 Call data record analysis training for Karnataka Tribal communities in Erode look forward to FRA forest staff title deeds Fires destroy 300 acres of forest in Bandipur, Dumped plastic
    [Show full text]