Macintoshed Libraries 4. Fourth Edition. INSTITUTION Apple Library Users Group, Cupertino, CA

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 355 948 IR 054 451

AUTHOR Valauskas, Edward J., Ed.; Vaccaro, Bill, Ed. TITLE Macintoshed Libraries 4. Fourth Edition. INSTITUTION Apple Library Users Group, Cupertino, CA. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 110p.; For the 1989 volume, see IR 054 450. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) Reports Descriptive (141)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Libraries; Computer Networks; *Computer Software; Desktop Publishing; Elementary Secondary Education; Higher Education; *Hypermedia; Information Retrieval; *Library Automation; Library Instruction; Library Services; *Microcomputers; Online Searching; Public Libraries; Reference Services; School Libraries; Special Libraries IDENTIFIERS *Apple Macintosh; HyperCard; Screen Format; Vendors

ABSTRACT This annual collection contains the following 14 papers about the use of Macintosh computers in libraries: "Of Mice and Macs: The Integration of the Macintosh into the Operations and Services of the University of Tennessee, Memphis Health Science Library" (Lois M. Bellamy); "Networking Reference CD-Roms in the Apple Library" (Mary Ellen Bercik); "In Splendid Isolation: The Macintosh at the University of the Arts Libraries" (Stephen Bloom): "A Shareware System Shared" (Carol Bonham); "Database Publishing by the Shores of the Chesapeake" (Kay Brodie and Claudia Jewell); "Business Sense: Using the Macintosh in a Business School Library" (Lene Byskov and Jorgen Albretsen); "Macintoshing the Special Library: A Case Study" (George H. Drury); "The 'Macintoshed Life'...in a Junior High School Library Setting" (Carol Felch); "Using HyperCard as a Promotional Tool" (Barbara Mattscheck); "It Started Slowly...and It Grew...And Grew...And Grew" (Mary E. Okarma); "The HyperCard Library Instruction Project" (Joan Parker); "How I Learned to Stop Worrying...(and Love the Macintosh)" (Barbara Passoff); "Reach Out and Type at Someone (or How I Found Happiness in Sleepless Nights on the Fidonet)" (Alan Rowoth); and "USCInfo: A Development Platform for Tomorrow's Informatior. Rich Environment" (John Waiblinger). Also included are an introduction, "Survival of the Fittest: The Evolution of The Macintosh in Libraries" (Edward J. Valauskas); a directory of vendors; an index; and "Toolbox," a list of hardware, software, typeface, and output used in the publication of this collection. (ALF)

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EDITED BY "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE T EDWARDJ. K AS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED r) it E- It I V A A 11 Nonicd Ertel

Fourth edition.

Page design and cover graphics by Bill Vaccaro.

General Index and Product Index compiled by Edward J. Valauskas.

Special thanks to Nancy John, Monica Ertel and Patricia Tegler for their help in the making of this publication.

Also available as a HyperCard stack.

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\I\11hat is Macintoshed Libraries? It's more than just a collection of articles, case studies on the use of Macs in libraries of all sorts and sizes and persuasions in this country and abroad. It's more than signatures bound together into a book, words and sentences and illustrations deftly arranged on paper by Bill

Vaccaro. It's more than a diskette and a neat hack of a HyperCard stack.

5 ..iousands of copies of Macintosbed Libraries in all of its permutations have found their way around the world, since the first modest version appeared in 1987. It certainly must mean something to all of those who read it, who use it in classrooms, who catalog it and record it on bibliographic utilities like OCLC. I've had fans of Macintosbed Libraries complain to me that their archival copies disappear from the shelves in their offices, and that they taking the radical action of binding copies to retard thievery. What does Macintosbed Libraries mean to the biblio-kleptomaniac as well as the Library Director, the shelving clerk, the soft-,are developer? Briefly, Macintosbed Libraries began with the premise of bringing together, in one place, experiences with the Macintosh in libraries. Its purpose was demonstrate that using a Mac in a library was a good idea, even if the computer had to come in through the loading dock or side entrance. For the most part, those days (and especially nights) of nocturnal Macintosh expeditions into the realm of library automation are long gone, dim memories of the Paleozoic of desktop computing. Now, it seems, at least for some institutions, such as the University Library of the University of Southern California described elsewhere in this volume, Macintosh- es arrive in libraries and elsewhere by freight, and rail car, in the glorious sunshine and through the front door. In some small part, Macintoshed Libraries was a catalyst for this reversal of fortune. As experiences with the Mac in libraries accumulated, we 11, seen the Mac become accepted and welcomed as a tool to accomplish the tasks of everyday life in library administration, reference, cataloging, acquisitions, and circulation. A new role has been born, as these essays so dramatically describe, of the Macintosh as a vehicle to promote the library as a resource, as a center of technology, as a primary nerve in the intellectual fabric of communities everywhere. This new role of the Macintosh as a catalyst for change in the image of libraries and librarians to me is exciting, challeng- ing, and stimulating. No longer are the daily burdens of paperwork and filing and professional housekeeping in libraries onerously destroying any hope for demonstrating the true potential of libraries as information agents. Computers such as the Macintosh are relieving that burden, as these articles prove repeatedly, and allowing us to demonstrate aggressively the worth, the value of libraries to the fabric of our communities, be they be universities, colleges, corporations, or the local town and city.

vi rnacintoshedLIBRARIES 4 Macintoshed Libraries, this annual arrangement of documents voluntarily contributed by authors from Denmark to California, is now no longer a brave display of believing in a computer, and Its way of interpreting the world, in spite of the oddsbureaucratic, technologic, socialagainst it. Macintoshed Libraries has become a celebration of using technology as a tool, a hammer against tedium, a potion for inspiration. Like any other tool, it is almost becoming invisible in our hands and eyes and mind, as we integrate the Macintosh further and further into the fabric of our professional lives and use it in new ways that we would have never thought possible. At that vanishing point when the Macintosh is no longer special or unique or different in libraries, when it becomes a fixture like a pencil sharpener, dictionary, or globe, this collection of tales will be no more. I personally cannot wait for that day! oft

Ed Valauskas

Forward vii 7 J0111 II Ili

111 FORWARD V IN INTRODUCTION: XII I Survival of the Fittest: The Evolution of The Macintosh in Libraries Edward J. Valauskas

OF MICE AND MACS: 1 The Integration of the Macintosh into the Operations & Services of the University of Tennessee, Memphis Health Science Library Lois M. Bellamy

In the Health Science and Stollerman Libraries of the University of Tennessee, Memphis, Macintoshes have been developed Into reference tools, a means to access MEDUNE, a way of expediting document delivery, and a tool to enhance online searching. Their utility has reduced the amount of time devoted to clerical tasks, made the Libraries more accessible with electronic assistance for patrons, and provided easy access to data once mired in paper files and documents.

II NETWORKING REFERENCE CD -ROMS 12 IN THE APPLE LIBRARY Mary Ellen Bercik

In the Corporate Library of Apple Computer, Inc. in Cupertino, Calif., a large-scale beta test was conducting of SilverPlatter's MacSPII4 a software engine to access networked CD-ROMs. ERIC, MEDLINE, and OSH-ROM were made available to 2,100 employees. The availability of the CDs on the network was met few difficulties, as search speed remained minimal, with few if any hardware or software problems. The success of this testing program has encouraged the Library to plan to mount other databases on the network as part of fully integrated electronic reference service.

NI IN SPLENDID ISOLATION: 19 The Macintosh at the University of the Arts Libraries Stephen Bloom

The Libraries at the University of the Arts, Philadelphia us Macintoshes in administration and reference, as well as a means to manage a large slide collection. In addition, HyperCard and multimedia projects are a catalyst for communications with students and faculty, and strengthen the role of the Library community on campus. These developments have led to a more prominent voice by the Libraries on technological decisions on campus.

VIII macintoshedLIBRARIES VI 111 II fa II u II u I la Ill II II II 111 ti

A SHAREWARE SYSTEM SHARED 24 Carol Bonham

A HyperCard shareware application is used in the Library of GTE Government Systems inResearch Triangle Park, NC for cataloging and circulation. This stack is available on GTE's DEC VAX Server, so that patrons at any one of the over 80 Macintoshes in the facility can access the Library's HyperCard catalog and search for information. Modifications have been made to the stack to customize it forthe particular needs of the Library's clientele, and these alterations will continue to keep the stackuseful and efficient for both patron and the Library. DATABASE PUBLISHING BY THE SHORES 29 OF THE CHESAPEAKE Kay Brodie & Claudia Jewell

Taking its role in the community seriously, the Learning Resource Center (LRC) at Chesapeake College decided to reissue a directory of community agencies in Eastern Maryland Usingboth Microsoft Works and Word, the Directory of Eastern Shore Community Services was published, with a recyclable database to create yearly revisions on demand. The project produced favorable publicity for the LRC in the community, which will last well into the future as new editions of the Directory are prepared.

III BUSINESS SENSE: 33 Using the Macintosh in a Business School Library Lene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen

HyperCard is used as a platform to inform patrons about different options available to them in the Library of the Aarhus School of Business. The use of HyperCard has attracted new users tothe facility and has enhanced the level of information among all users in general.

O MACINTOSHING THE SPECIAL LIBRARY: 38 A Case Study George H. Drury

Most automation systems are overkill for a small special library. The question to ask is notbe "How can I automate this library?' but "How will this information beaccessed?" The Library of the Kalmbach Publishing Co. retains a special role in the organization in not only providing access to printed material in the form of books and periodicals, but in expertise on data conversion,word processing, and desktop publishing. Clearly, this sort of multifaceted role of the Libraryestablishes the value of t1 e Library as an unique resource for information regardless of format.

Table of Contents ix e's TAE EE CONI 111

III THE "MACINTOSH ED LIFE"... 44 in a Junior High School Library Setting Carol Felch

Can a single Macintosh make the difference in d junior high school library? In the Library of Lancaster, Texas Junior High School, a Macintosh SE, equipped with HyperCard, Microsoft Word, & Works, and Broderbund's Print Shop, has made a considerable difference in removing the tedium of record-keeping, enabling the staff to keep pace with the ever-Increasing demands of instructors, students, and staff. Additional, students and teachers take advantage of tools such as the videodisc Election 88 to obtain information that would have been difficult to secure in other ways for projects. Overall, the Mac has made a difference in the way in which the Library manages the technological demands of its patrons, providing information and materials in ways that would have not been easily feasible before.

USINGHYPERCARDAS A 48 PROMOTIONAL TOOL Barbara Mattscheck

Libraries continually need to make their public aware of issues Influencing the future of information services. HyperCard represents one way of presenting data and opinions, In a format that easily allows for the combination of text, sound, and graphics. The Philadelphia chapter of the Special Libraries Association explored using HyperCard as promotional device for special libraries at the Conference on Library & Information Services, sponsored by the Governor of Pennsylvania. The stack met with a great deal of success in familiarizing delegates the perspectives of special librarians. Since the 1990 Conference, the stack has seen considerable use as a tool to promote the Chapter and special libraries.

IT STARTED SLOWLY... AND IT GREW... AND GREW... 54 AND GREW Mary E. Okarma

In the Shongum School Library of Randolph, NJ, desktop publishing, word processing, database management, and access to bulletin boards are all possible with a Macintosh. Tasks that once were unthinkable are now quite possible, providing the Library with a secure and strong image in the eyes of its students, teachers, administrators, and parents. Record-keeping is simpler in these times of staff and financial cuts, by virtue of Macintosh databases and documents. This relief from the problems of paper file management mean that the Mac is available for projects with a broader aim to the community as a whole. Indeed, with graphics and word processing software, the Library has become a printing center for teachers, volunteers, and students.

LIBRARIES 0 10 INV MUNEIII Ill MN 111111111011111111111111111111111111

III THEHYPERCARDLIBRARY 60 INSTRUCTION PROJECT Joan Parker

The birth of HyperCard in 1987 also meant the re-birth of library instruction, as academic, public, school, and special libraries redesigned their navigational documents in terms of a stack. This frenzy of effort has produced stacks of both excellent and Indifferent quality, many which would have been better served by guidelines and standards for design. The HyperC'ard Library Instruction Project (1-ILIP) is an effort to create flexible and intuitive blueprints for future library stack developers, designs that have been tested and follow basic principles In providing information to patrons.

How 1 LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING... 64 (and Love the Macintosh) Barbara Passoff

In the Microcomputer Lab of Simmon College's Library, students have their choice of a large population of computers, Including Macintoshes and Compaqs. Macintoshes are overwhelmingly popular in part because of their case of use and versatility. Word processors and electronic spreadsheets are relatively straightforward, and provide with a little investment of time documents and graphics that are attractive and utilitarian.

REACH OUT AND TYPE AT SOMEONE 68 (or How I Found Happiness in Sleepless Nights on the Fidonet) Alan Rowoth

Telecommunications allows an individual to connect with others next door or around the world with software, a computer, and a modem. Of the many networks available, Fidonet is unique In that 10,000 users have created a free, global network for their interests by Investing time and equipment into a belief that telecommunications should be accessible to all. With Copernicus, Fidonet'ssoftware medium, and a Mac you can process hundreds of electronic messages and reach other networks through gateways as well. The existence of Fidonet, efforts towards eliminating the duplication of protocols with Apple's Communications Toolbox, and the potential birth of the National Research and Education Network mean that the future of telecommunications Is exceptionally full of promise.

Table of Contents xi TAt][-[ [eftlIV CENT Y 1111111111111111111111111111

USCINFO: 74 A Development Platform for Tomorrow's Information Rich Environment John Waiblinger

The University Library at the University of Southern California created a single, online information system, built around HyperCard, to provide access for some 40,000 patrons to the Library's online catalog, periodical databases, and campus directories. Alt of the files are mounted on an 113M 3090, accessible through USCInfo, the stack medium, anywhere on the campus network. The success of the network is in pan measured by the enthusiastic response from users using any of the126 Macintosh SE/30s on campus, and the rapid expansion of the network to allow full text access. IIII VENDOR INDEX 81 III INDEX 86 III ABOUT THE EDITORS 92 III TOOLBOX 94

xii macintoshedLIBRARIES 12 INTRODUCTION

Survival of the Fittest: Evolution of the Macintosh in Libraries

In the primeval soup of those Pre Cam- Change came slowly as new computers, brian days of library workstations and species of a family called Apple II, appeared, desktop computers, automation in li- based on the notion of scaling a tool to the braries meant rooms filled with ponder- task at hand. These machines began to pop- ous circuits encased in shelves of plastic ulate the landscape rapidly, filling an eco- and metal, sheathed in armour, attend- logical niche, a need for word processing, ed by drones and their masters, cooled database management, telecommunica- by the timeless whine of air co.iditioning. tions, and accounting that opened the Computers for most libraries were a fantasy, boundaries of the human imagination. Li- best described in serious titled journals affil- brarians quickly took these machines to iated with institutions both large and well- replace paper files, to create databases, to endowed. There was little thought given to dump difficult terminals, and access online the possibility that computers might appear data through modems and software, to cre- as labor saviours in ordinary libraries, the ate templates of letters and reports. A whole kind of library that populated most every clan of librarians using these computers school of lower learning, the kind of every- decided to formalize their behavior with an day library that stood near city squares and organization called the Apple Library Users town halls, the kind of library that filled a Group, and communicate with each other demand for technical literature in all sorts of in meetings and in a quarterly newsletter. corporations and industries, the kind of li- Evolution, in technology as in organ- brary that occupied many a small building isms, worked not as Darwin, saw it but as on campuses of average college, and univer- modem biologists and paleontologists record sities everywhere. Computers were a symbol its history, in a mighty jump, a clear break that had little to do with everyday work, but with tradition. The Lisa, appeared with all of had more to do with an attitude, and an its weight, and drive, and memory, and price, appearance in the eyes of those who judge as a completely different animal in these performance not on the quality of work but early halcyon episodes of desktop comput- on the magnitude of the object used to ac- ing. Software was organized completely in complish a task. the Lisa Office, around a single unifying theme, where word processor, and spread-

EDWARD J. VALAUSKAS sheet, and database, and illustrator all worked this evolution in desktop computing in li- together. Ideas transformed into a Lisa event braries, recorded in the geologic strata of were represented not by a string of charac- long ago issues of the Newsletter of the Apple ters, but by icons, symbols that actually Library Users Group, appeared in a new logo looked like objects in the real world on a real for the Group designed by Kevin Justie, and desk. Navigation in this new computer was the unabashed thrill of using a half-dozen not by keyboard alone but by a new device fonts in two paragraphs of text authored by called a mouse, with a tail that was caught in Monica Ertel. a port on the back of Lisa's shell. This As the Macintosh's popularity grew in computer could open to reveal huge hoards, libraries in 1985 and 1986, its functions as a full of chips to control a large screen, new database manager, word processor, and kinds of disk drives, and opportunities for graphics machine grew and grew. There inventing altogether alien ways of interact- were brave souls experimenting with Mac- ing with a machine. But the Lisa was a Terminal and Red Ryder, connecting to dinosaur of sorts. Its weight, shelves of Dialog and online catalogs and mainframes. manuals, strange new hard plastic diskettes, Macintoshes were becoming a vehicle for size and cost were beyond most librarians, circumventing the bur, aucratic order of except those in institutions devoted to the standing in queue for programming jobs on expensive cutting edge. The Lisa died a slow some distant mainframe if an institution death, not before watching its electronic had access in some arcane way to those genetic code contribute to a new and more devices. For many, the Macintosh was their efficient version, a computer called the first taste of computing in a library and for Macintosh. them, it has not been their last. Recorded in those slim pages of the With the introduction of laser printers Newsletter of the Apple Library Users Group and HyperCard and more powerful cpus, of 1984, the first experiments with this novel the Macintosh underwent another transfor- cpu took place in a few libraries around the mation but not in appearance or in philos- country. Often, these reckless adventurers ophy. The Macintosh presented an entirely into library automation were not the indifferent way of accomplishing work in li- house experts, the high priests of all things braries. Documents could be prepared that electronic and digital, but those who were had all the appearances of spending weeks looking for another, any, way of obliterating with typesetters and other agents of ink. the dual monsters of tedium and techno- Bibliographic instruction radically changed logical paranoia. The first Macintoshes in its appearance with HyperCard. Those te- libraries in those faraway days were used for dious and repetitive questions that cursed day-to-day chores of word processing, tele- reference librarians evaporated with Hy- communications and database surfing but perCard stacks that identified the location with a difference. The interface, in all of its of bathrooms, the dictionary, the atlas, and graphic wonder, invited users to experiment, the card catalog. But HyperCard's naviga- to attach the word "fun" to their vocabulary tional status was a mere waystation, as li- for computer experiences. Tne first signs of brarians used it to develop interfaces to

xiv macintoshedLIBRARIES 63 14 mainframes and remote electronic files, to Long blore knowbots are a reality in ROM, create self-paced engines for students to learn librarians have demonstrated their own library and other skills, and to invent new functionality as corporeal masters of infor- combinations of sound, text, and image to mation, searching databases and book display the information edge that libraries shelves on demand for the latest and most and their staffs always had but never quite appropriate facts at hand. formulated in this multimedia manner. Given the tempo of this evolutionary Macintoshes in libraries in their latest trend, Macintoshes and librarians have a evolutionary stage are no longer the hand- great deal to anticipate In the next few years maidens for ordinary, workaday chores. At as the Otis themselves become more power- the level of word processing and databases, ful and more portable and as software is Macintoshes have nearly become transpar- more amenable and communicative across ent, part of the fixtures, as tools to remove the applications and computer platforms. At burden of record-keeping and materials some point in the distant future, we will look management. In their newest role in libraries, back at the uses of the Macintosh over the past Macintoshes are limited only by the librar- seven years as mere child's play, immersed in ians' imaginations. Librarians are using difficulties of electronic communication that Macs to defend and survive professionally in will vanish as boundaries between and among an increasingly competitive and aggressive computers disappear. Like those early press society where the economical value of infor- hands that worked with movable type centu- mation has finally been established, where a ries ago to circumvent the tyranny of scribes premium has been placed on those who and the control of information by a few, we provide data as quickly, as efficiently, and as have experienced the transformation of com- accurately as possible under any circum- puting from a private venture of a few to an stances. In this social context, librarians are experience within the grasp of many. We will using the Macs to demonstrate, to advertise, indeed be fortunate if the evolution of the and to promote their own utility, and the Macintosh brings us new tools that make our value of their organizations to society. Li- adventures in library computing appear trivial brarians indeed are agents of information. and commonplace.*

introduction/Edward J. Valauskas X V Of IMI ex Man= Integration of the Macintosh intothe Operations and Services ofthe University of Tennessee,Memphis Health Science Library

The University of Tennessee (UT), Memphis isthe medical center campus in the state-supported UT system, which consists of four campussites. UT Memphis is currently composed of seven colleges:Allied Health Sciences, Dentistry, Graduate HealthSciences, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Social Work.Approxi- mately 729 faculty members serve a student bodyof 1,747 and a house staff of 547. Faculty,students and staff IL C, I S M. B E L LAM "Y' may work in anyof the 26 campus buildings and the seven local hospitals affiliated with UT Memphis.The collections of the UT Memphis Health ScienceLibrary and its clinical branch library, Stollerman Library, supportthe programs of the sevenhealth science colleges and consist of 162,089 bound volumes and 2,111 currentjournal subscriptions.

16 In 1984, the computer center, now The Health Science Library acquired called the Biomedical Information its first Macintosh in 1987 and installed Transfer (BIT) Center, at the UT a Local Talk network in 1988. As of Memphis began installation of an February 1991, there were five public Ungermann-Bass high speed broad- access and three staff Macintosh Plus band wide area network, Net One, to computers, nine staff Macintosh SE provide access to institutional com- computers, a LaserWriter II, a Laser- puting resources. Over 2,500 ports in Writer Plus, an Image Writer II, a Shiva fifty campus and affiliated hospital Net Modem, and a Macintosh II file buildings are now served by the server with six Apple CD-ROM players network. During this same period, theconnected to the local area network. university began to encourage and The Library's Local Talk network, is support the use of the Apple Macin- connected to the campus-wide Net One tosh computer for local data and wordnetwork by a Fast Path bridge. In processing. Departmental Macintoshesaddition, there is one stand-alone are in many instances networked public access Macintosh SE. Two

Fig. 1: After a few introductory sties screens, the stack of the CAR (Com- SNOW ME AROUND! puter-Aided Reference) Station at the

University of Tennessee, Memphis

Hedtti Science Library gives the users WHIT CNN YOU 00 FOR ME? four choices, to explore tl;e library physically or intellectually. WHERE DO I FIND... ?

NOW 00 I USE... 7

atom M I III Ion n hest I on t I or I nh 1'h A JohnI ',II...

together to share resources such as Macintosh SE computers also reside in file servers and laser printers. In Stollerman Library. However, neither addition, different departmental personal computer is networked to the Macintosh local area networks (Lo- main Library's LocalTalk network. This calTalk) across the campus are linked article describes how the libraries at together for resource sharing. This UT Memphis have used the Macintosh sharing is accomplished by connect- to provide new services to users and ing the LocalTalk network to the to improve internal library operations. campus-wide NetOne network through a Kinetics FastPath box, a hardware bridge. In addition, individ- THE PUBLIC ACCESS MACINTOSH ual Macintoshes equipped with an Ethernet interface card can connect to The CAR Station' NetOne in order to use Macintosh resources in other areas of the cam- At the Health Science Library, three pus. levels of information services are provided to users during weekday

macintoshedUBRARIES 17 working hours. The staff at the Circula-as a first step. HyperCard waschosen tion desk answers directional questionsbecause it provides a means to link and provides information on library both text and graphics in a variety of services. Routine questions are referredways, without requiring both the user to a paraprofessional who staffs the and developer to learn a sophisticated nearby information desk. Instructional, programming language. factual and research questions that The HyperCard CAR application require interpretation or exploration consists of a home module, four are referred to the reference, librarians.information modules, and a help This arrangement works fairly well module. The home module welcomes except when these professionals are the user to the Library and invites the very busy or unavailable, as in the user to click on a button to beginthe evenings or on the weekends, when program (Figure 1). After brief intro- there is only a minimal level of serviceductory screens, the user is presented provided by one library assistant at thewith the four main choices: "Show me Circulation desk. Faced with this around!", "What can you do for me?",

Fig. 2: By clicking the button labeled "Show SECOND FLOOR LAMAR ALEXANDER BLDG fl Me Around!: maps are displayed of the Click one labeled area for more information floors of the University of Tennessee, Mem- Info.rmoprtro. L t_ L7. I__ phis Health Science Library. Clicking with the mouse on any of the identified area on the

floor pulls up further details for the user. Roodino Room

A o- Wore Visuals

Houses the Library's historical collection, LIT theses and dissertations, and UT publications.

MAP MEM HAM ME M1

staffing dilemma, the reference librari- "Where do I find...?", and "How do I ans at the Health Science Library use...?" decided to explore using the computer The first two modules are intended as another way to provide help.This to orient a new user to theLibrary, use is different from the use of com- while the second two modules are puters in formal library instruction. intended to be used as needed. If the Computer-aided instruction in the user selects "Show mearound!", a context of a course provides the user choice of the Library floors is dis- with information that he might need inplayed. When the user clicks on a the future. The function of computer- floor button, a floor map is presented. aided reference is to provide the user (Figure 2) with specific information on demand. The user may click on any labeled In October 1987, the Library was area of the map for moreinformation. awarded an institutional grant to In the "What can you do for me?" deve op a computer-aided reference module, a selection of library services (CAR) application using the Macintosh is displayed. When the user clicks on a SE and HyperCard to answer common selection, a brief description of the directional and instructional questions, service is presented. The user may

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 3 1.8 click on any starred word in the the program asks if the user is still description for more information. In there and if not, resets itself. The the "Where do I find...?" module, application is self-explanatory and only library materials are grouped into requires the user to point and c'Lk main categories and subcategories mouse to make selections. displayed on different menus (Figure Development of the CAR Station 3). was begun in December 1987. The first A click on an item in the first menuthree modules were completed in five brings up a display of subcategories months. The first instructional stack for in the second menu on the same the fourth module took another six screen. When the user chooses an months to complete. The CAR Station item from the second menu, a map is was placed into service in October displayed with the location of the 1988 and is located on the main floor material highlighted. The last module, of the library. At the time the CAR "How do I use...?", consists of tutorialsStation was made available to the on the use of reference aids such as public, there were no other computers

Fig. 3: Within the stack of the (AR 11. Station is a module which acts as a KIP guide to library materials. When the INKS user selects a given item, a map op PERIODICKS Selected Current Journals pears showing the location of the spe- History of Medicine Current Journals INDENES Journals 1965 - Present cific title in the collection of the Health Journals prior to 1965 Nermeas Newsinfiers Science library. Pouter Magazines 011111.116S Serials Holdings List FOCILITIES

POINTMENTS

MAIN MIND

Index Medicus. A click on Index or terminalsavailable for publicuse. Medicus results in a second menu The Library had not yet automated its display of instructional choices. catalog. Therefore, it attracted attention All screens contain buttons to and use. Directions were the most allow the user to navigate back to frequently asked questions. Now that previous screens. Help buttons are the Library has terminals for access to available throughout the program for its online catalog and stations for instruction on how to use the pro- searching CD-ROM databases, the CAR gram. Each help button is specific for Station is not used as often. the screen on which itis located. Asking for help provides information on describing the current the screen, MEDLINE Knowledge Serve how to use it, and options for navigating to previous screens. The user can In February 1989, the main Library also discontinue the session at any installed the Macintosh version of time. If the user fails to click on the MEDLINE on CD-ROM, Knowledge screen after a specified length of time, Server. This networked version, pro-

UBRAR1ES 19 duced by Aries Systems Corporation, gram. Display, print, and download includes six CD-ROM disks, each formats can be customized for the user containing one year of bibliographic needs. In addition, annotations can be entries with abstracts, and Macintosh- added to a reference before printing or style search and retrieval software, downloading it. A pull-down help installed on the Library's file server menu is available. Reviews of Knowl- connected to a Local Talk network. Theedge Finder have characterized it as a Library file server is a Macintosh II system designed specifically for end with 5 Mb RAM and a 330 MB hard users, providing simple to use but disk. Chained to the file server are six somewhat unpredictable free text Apple CD-ROM players. Five Macin- searching and excellent access to the tosh workstations and a public access MeSH5-5.

FileEditSearchDictionariesfirticiesFontsHelp Fig. 4: Knowledge Server provides an inter- Knowled. a Finder" Search Formulation face for subject searches as free text or Free-Vero Teel' afareil States's, through the use of terminology standardized diabetes' [kW in the MeSH dictionary. The user also has Ite4441..per the option of searching in Knowledge Sewer Sorties Vent MI As Map As i by author or journal title as well. Veriest,ifcm I*owe, learelo Aimahasttee M : Subject Heading(s) SoleetoN /Timsaurres Sean* Terme 'hither Neme(s) indenIng Date(*) Journal Titiels) Len tie e(s) Subject Check Tales)

D. 00 Umehrideot ME94.111L - [Wish

LaserWriter II have been available for For each search conducted, the use with the system in the Library Knowledge Server program records in since May 1989. In addition, the an ASCII file residing on the Library's university community can access file server the date and time, the type Knowledge Server from any LocalTalk of search, the search query, search network connected to the campus- duration, number of references found wide NetOne network by a Fastpath and their relevancy to the query, and bridge. According to Aries, the net- the identification of the user. A scan- worked system supports six to twelve ning program was written to convert simultaneous users without serious this data into HyperCard records in search time degradation. order to generate usage reports. A The system allows the user to Knowledge Server version which perform subject searches either by records the user name became avail- entering a sentence-style expression able in January 1990. User names (free text) or by selecting search terms identify the various Macintosh stations from the MeSH dictionary (Figure 4). on the network. Since all Library The user may also perform author station user names are known, this or journal title searches. References data permitted tracking of outside can be printed to a local printer or library use of Knowledge Server. downloaded to disk for later use with In the twenty months since the a database or word processing pro- Library's five Knowledge Server work-

Of Mica & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 5 20 stations were opened to the public, year medical students, residents, approximately 74,000 searches have fellows, and faculty. The staff use been performed. This number in- Macintoshes in their work; however, cludes only those searches yielding at there is no public access Macintosh for least one reference. Several Knowl- searching Knowledge Server. The edge Server searches were usually branch Library is in the process of performed to complete one "intellec- installing a Local Talk network that will tual search" since users must conduct be connected to a Fast Path box. Each one search for each of t,six yearly existing Macintosh will be connected volumes of the MEDLINE data kept to the Local Talk network. In addition, online or may need to try several a Macintosh Classic will be purchased search queries in order to find the for public use. Since the users of the desired references. Based on twelve branch Library are infrequent users of months of Knowledge Server report the main Library, this will give them data, library users searching at library the same access to local database workstations accounted for 82.3% of searching that main Library users have Knowledge Server use, outside users been enjoying for nearly two years. accounted for 10.2%, and library staff The public access Macintoshes in 7.5%. the main Library are Mac Pluses with When Knowledge Server was first external floppy drives. This hardware installed, only the BIT Center, the limitation means that they are only Computer Lab, and the Radiology used to access Knowledge Server. The Department could access the databaseLibrary plans to upgrade these Macin- over a Fastpath box bridge. Since toshes with more memory and hard then, 36 additional Fastpath boxes drives so that they can be used for have been installed to connect depart-more than one function. In addition, I mental Local Talk networks to the am in the process of developing a campus-wide Net One network so that HyperCard interface that will allow the MEDLINE Knowledge Server can be user to select either the computer- searched from office or lab. There are aided reference application, Knowledge now approximately 350 Macintosh Server or the Library's integrated workstations in various campus system, Library Information System buildings available for searching (LIS), that resides on the VAX. This Knowledge Server. The system has procedure would eliminate the need proved so popular that the BIT Centerfor separate stations for separate maintains a Fastpath Box waiting list functions. for departments requesting an installa- Many users have expressed the tion. desire to access Knowledge Server from home. While the Library does have a Shiva Net Modem connected to its Future Plans Local Talk network, it is too slow at 2400 baud to offer access to Knowl- The clinical branch library, Stoller- edge Server from home. I am working man, is located in a building that with Bell Communications Research houses the clinical faculty and is near (Bellcore) to test the use of ISDN the teaching hospitals. The users of (Integrated Services Digital Network) the Library include third and fourth- for accessing information from a CD-

6 LIBRARIES 21 ROM. ISDN transmits at 64-128 Kb/sec Document Delivery Requests compared to a 9600 baud modem at 9.6 Kb/sec. One of the main functions of the Stollerman clinical branch Library is to provide a document delivery and THE MACINTOSH AS THE LIBRARIAN'S interlibrary loan (ILL) service to resi- VIC,RKSTATION dents and medical faculty. DOCLINE, an electronic ILL request service ofthe All the librarians use their Macin- National Library of Medicine, is used tosh computers for accessing LIS, for for requests that must be filled by non- word processing, for keeping depart- UT libraries. However, a large number mental statistics, and for accessing VAXof the requests are for items that can electronic mail systems. The Catalogingbe filled by the main UT Library. Until Librarian uses PacerLink TCP/IP to November 1987, these requests were

FileEditSelect Gadgets Format FontStyle Fig. 5: The Stollerman library of the Univer- ENTRY ILLS J sity of Tennessee, Memphis provides docu-

ORDEN NO IS I' ment delivery and interlibrary loan services REQUEST RAU 2/11/9 I to residents and medical faculty When the I NAME Cowen Isowas: 2 FACULTI4 Library's typewriter died, a Macintosh SE and STATUS DEPT SURGERY Clads' Hanker replaced the paper files. JOURNAL CODE JOURNAL TITLE.VOLAATE This screen represents the request form for document delivery in FileMakec

JOURNAL AUTNOR,TITLE,AGES

ri,, 1.7 g.... i

connect to Internet-accessible online processed by typing the information catalogs. She finds it useful to see howonto multi-part ILL forms. One part other libraries catalog materials that was filed in a documents-requested may not be in OCLC. The librarians box, and the others were sent by involved in teaching use the Macintoshmessenger twice a day to the main connected to a LCD (Liquid Crystal Library's ILL/photocopy service. Items Display) overhead unit. Demonstra- requested were delivered by the tions on how to search the LIS online messenger to the Stollerman Library. catalog, Knowledge Server, and exter- Stollerman staff then matched the filed nal databases such as MEDLINE are copies with the requested items. Forms greatly enhanced. Instead of static for loaned materials were placed in a overheads, the participants can actuallydate due box; forms for photocopied see in real time how the systemswork.materials were filed in a transaction In addition, the Macintosh has been completed box. Each day the staff fully integrated into two library opera- pulled forms from the date due box tions: document delivery request and wrote overdue notices or renewal production in the clinical Library and requests as appropriate. online searching in the main Library. When the staffs typewriter could no longer be repaired, a Macintosh SE

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 7 22 and the general file manager, File Mak-the Active ILLS file on the number of er Plus, were acquired to process filled requests by department and by document requests. The staff chose patron status. After the statistical this combination for the following reports have been produced, the filled reasons: (1) a document delivery ILLs are moved to the Inactive ILLs. At request form could be easily de- the end of the year, statistical reports signed, (2) more than one form could can be produced from the Inactive be used with any file, (3) notices and ILLs. After the reports are produced, statistical reports could be easily the records are moved into an archival designed and generated, (4) look-up file and deleted from the Inactive ILLs. files could be used for automatic data New patrons can be added to the entry, (5) default values could auto- Patron file at any time. The Dept and matically be entered, and, (6) scripts Status files are used as lookup files in could be used to perform several entering information in the Patron file. steps automatically. Benefits derived from this system The system consists of six files: include a reduction in time spent in Entry ILLs, Active ILLs, Inactive Ills, clerical activities and access to infor- Patron, Dept, and Status. The file, mation difficult to obtain from a Entry ILLs, is used to enter new manual system. Filing of paper copy document requests (Figure 5). has been eliminated, and time spent in Data such as order no., request data entry has been reduced. Statistical date, authorized by, are automatically reports of requests by department, user entered. Information about the re- status, and journal title that would questor is stored in the Patron file. have required too much time to This file serves as a lookup file for thecompile manually can easily be pro- file, Entry ILLs. When the last name ofduced using the data entered into this the requestor is entered into a record simple automated system. of Entry ILLs, the status and department of the individual is automatically entered if the name is in the Patron External Online Database Searching file. When all the new requests have been entered into the Entry ILLs file, In the main Library, the Macintosh the request form.) for loans and is not only used for online searching, photocopies are printed. Once the but it is also used for the production of requests have been printed, the statements and statistical reports that records from the Entry ILLs are movedare associated with online searching. to the file, Active ILLs, and deleted Until late 1988, a Texas Instrument from Entry ILLs. When requested dumb terminal was used for online documents arrive in the Library, the searching. Searches were performed, date received is recorded in the the results printed on thermal paper, appropriate record in the Active ILLs and statements prepared on the type- file. If the item is a loan, a date is writer. The searches were then picked recorded in the date due field. Each up in the Library or sent by campus day overdue notices and renewal mail tc, the search requestor. Now each requests are printed from the Active online searcher has on her desk a Ins file. At the end of the month, Macintosh connected to the LocalTalk statistical reports are produced from network with access to a Shiva NetMo-

macintoshedLIBRARIES G 23 dem. The searcher using Red Ryder part was given to the requestor; one communications software performs thepart was kept in the Reference office; search and downloads the results. and two parts were sent to the Li- Notes may be added to the search, andbrary's business office. From these extraneous material may be edited statements, statistical information was from the search. The results may be manually compiled concerning the mailed electronically, printed or copieddatabases searched, the status of the to the user's diskette or file server. If requestor, and the requestor's depart- the search requestor wants to receive ment. When a search was charged to a the search results by electronic mail, university account number, each

Gadgets Format Custom Window Fig. 6: Online requests are processed with r * FiteEditSelect SEWS REQUESTS 54 Claris' FileMaker with four separate files to COMPUTER SEARCH REQUEST II track accounts, users, departments and re- 1 NEWEST NOWA 160 Mil .ATE 12111101 I quests. In this example from the Search .ME Beater Steven I. Rowdyd ; 4 Requests file, information on the source of si .GPMMEMITigy ?mai, - ADDIIESS 54 : 0 the original inquiry are logged in for further ; reference. fij MOM MOSER I STAMMpr-rovs, bor AVIENT IIIEN00 ACCOUNT WOOER ACCOUPIT NAME VAL* DA1SII bill=1110 Mgr.,

the searcher logs into the DEC VAX account number also had to be using PacerLink, uploads the search checked against a master paper list to file, and sends the search file via VAX determine whether it was a valid Mail to the search requestor. If the account. Since this was very time search requestor wants to receive consuming, I designed a system using paper copy, the searcher puts the FileMaker II to make the process more search into a drop box on the Library efficient. file server and sends a Broadcast The FileMaker system consists of message to the reference library four files: Accounts, Users, Depart- assistant. The reference library assistantments, and Search requests. The retrieves the file and prints it. Search requests file is used for entering Search requests are received either the information about the search over the telephone, by walk-in, or request and the requestor (Figure 6). electronically via the VAX. Information Default data for some fields such as about the search and the search date, searcher, database searched and requestor are included on a search database cost are automatically en- request form. The searcher uses the tered. Some fields, such as search cost, form to formulate and perform the are calculation fields which depend search, and the reference library upon the information entered in other assistant prepares a statement using fields. Some fields such as requestor the request form. Until the fall 1990, status, department, vendor, database, the library assistant prepared a multi- and searcher have pop-up menus from part statement on a typewriter. One

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 24 which the data entry person can make arrange the statements by account an appropriate selection. number nor does she have to go The Accounts and Users files serve through the statements tallying the as lookup files for the file Search statistical information. With just the Requests. When a requestor's last click on a script name, she can have a name is entered into a record of the report produced and printed in min- Search requests file, the status, depart- utes. The account numbers do not ment, and college of the requestor is have to be checked because they have automatically entered if the name is in been verified during data entry. And the Users file. New users can be addedsince the Accounts file is more up-to- to the Users file at any time. The date than the paper copy produced Departments file is used as a lookup quarterly by the university accounting file in entering information into the office, other departments in the Librxy Users file. are using a print-out from the file to When an account number is en- verify account numbers. tered into a record of the Search requests file, the account name and its valid dates are automatically entered if SUMMARY the account number is in the Accounts file. If an account number is not A fundamental purpose of the present in the Accounts file, the library,Library is to provide effective access to assistant calls the appropriate person information regardless of its form. As for a correct number. New account more and more information is becom- numbers are added to and old ones ing available electronically, the Library terminated from the Accounts file as must utilize an architecture to provide necessary. access as transparently as possible for At the end of the each month, the both end users and staff. Indeed, since Search requests file is sorted by ac- the size of the Library staff will not count number, and the statements are likely increase, itis necessary to search printed for the Library business office. for more efficient ways to offer servic- Statistical reports arc also produced on es to users. The Macintosh, with its database usage, the status of the consistent, user-friendly interface, is requestor, the college and department providing the UT Memphis libraries of the requcstor, and request method. with solutions to both these problems. These statistics are then incorporated Public access Macintoshes are used for into the Reference Department's answering common directional and Microsoft Works spreadsheet. To begininstructional questions about the a new month of data entry of search Library and for searching a local CD- requests, the reference library assistant ROM database. Staff Macintoshes have archives the previous month giving it avirtually replaced the use of the type- name such as Jan Searches, makes a writer with the result that less time is copy of the Search requests file from a spent in producing written materials. It master, and begins data entry into an has replaced the Librarian's dumb empty Search requests file. terminal for accessing external and The reference library assistant has internal electronic sources resulting in found the system to be a great time- increased functional capabilities. Fully saver. She no longer has to manually integrating the Macintosh into two

10 LIBRARIES 25 library operations has resulted in Memphis libraries continues to explore reducing time spent in clerical activi- ways the Macintosh can be used to ties and making easy access to infor- bring electronic information to the mation difficult to obtain from a library user and to integrate the Macin- manual system. The staff of the UT tosh into the libraries' operations.*

References

1. Bellamy LM, Silver JT, Selig SA, Givens MK. Linking information about the library to the library user through hypermedia. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium. on Computer Applications in Medical Care, 1989:853-7.

2. Silver JT, Bellamy LM, Selig SA. Use of a CD-ROM based searching tool on a Ma and campus wide networks. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Symposium on CGralptateT Applications in Medical Care, 1990:384-8. 3. Dalrymple PW. Knowledge Finder at Rockford: Evaluation of a CD-ROM MERU/0 system in a community-based medical school library and an outpatient clinic. In: Woodsmall RM, Lyon-Hartmann B, Siegel E, eds. MEDLINE on CD-ROM. Medford, NJ: Learned Information, 1989: 97-116.

4. Doyle JD. Evaluation of MEDLINE Knowledge Finder: the system's features, uses, and use; at the Good Samaritan Medical Center Library, Phoenix. In: Woodsmall RM, Lyon-Hartmann B, Siegel E, eds. MEDLINE on CD-ROM. Medford, NJ: Learned Information, 1989: 117-34.

As Systems librarian at the Health Science Library, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Lois M. Bellamy manages and coordinates all library automation projects. Her main projects have included the implementation of an integrated online library system, 115 or Library Information System, and a networked version of MEDLINE on CD-ROM, Knowl- edge Sava

A` She can be readied at: Phone: (901) 528-5155 Aer,/ Health Sience library fax: (901) 528-7235

University of Tennessee, Memphis Bitnet: lbellamy@utmeml 877Madison Ave., Rm 248 Internet: lbellamy@utmeml .utmem.edu p Memphis, TN 38163

Of Mice & Macs/Lois M. Bellamy 26 11 n November of 1990,

SilverPlatter of Newton Lower

NetworkingFalls, MA released version 2.0 of ReferenceMacSPIRS the search software for their Macintosh CD-ROM CD-ROMsproducts. The most significant feature of version 2.0 is the ability

inthe to daisy chain CD-ROM drives Apple and search the CD-ROMs over a network. We began beta testing LibraryMacSPIRS 2.0 in the Apple Library in September 1990. To

our delight, we found that with a

b y minimum of effort we were able Mary Ii Alen ercik to network SilverPlatter's CD- ROMs and provide multi-user

12 macintoshedUBRARIES 27 access to them. Over two thousand Apple At Apple, we are very lucky because employees can search the Library's CD- large local area networks (LANs) are in ROMs from their desktop. This test was place that link our buildings together. At so successful that we are now working the corporate headquarters in Cupertino, on implementing it as a regular reference Calif. there are two very-ge local area service offered by the Library. networks: the Engineering net and the Information Systems & Technology net. These two networks are connected to an Background on the Beta Test optical fiber backbone which serves as the infrastructure for our LAN system. In The Apple Library has been offering the Library, we run AppleShare over Silver Platter CD-ROMs to our users since Ethernet to connect to the fiber back- the Macintosh search software first bone. became available in 1989. We beta tested

Fig. 1: This view of the Apple library . Apple LibranRef CD's (Cupertino, Calif.) Reference CDs iCEM 8 fterns 11,194a in aok Zt ,171K ;Nana% server displays the window of desktop k " with thehiacSPIRSInstaller document, ril ICI *MINN Ile 'tail, About aut Wawa., KmaPlaS Maw tag* tools and various tutorial documents. A

comment box allows users on the net- 7 MsuM 0911-ROM Wok Motet ERIC Disk tipatt MN** Disk work to send comments and questions to the Reference staff and the Network Corawals a ttpdbask Administrator.

MacSPIRS 1.0 in September 1989 on three The Engineering net is used by em- stand-alone Macs daisy chained to an ployees in Research & Development ImageWriter printer. These stations, (R&D), which include software and located near the Reference desk, receivedhardware engineers, computer and a fair amount of use and a positive information scientists, hackers and all- response from our clients. When the beta around techie types. Because the Library test was complete, we implemented the reports into R&D, we also use this net on CD-ROM stations as a regular reference a daily basis. The Engineering net was service. the natural choice when we decided to One year later, September 1990, beta mount our beta test of the CD-ROM file version 2.0 arrived. We were really server. For the purpose of the test we excited by the ability to network the CD- wanted to run only one server, on one ROMs because one of the Library's network. This would give us more primary goals has been to offer as many control, allowing us to monitor the test services as possible in an electronic closely and keep server maintenance to a format, both in the Library and remotely. minimum. Users on the Engineering net MacSPIRS 2.0 has helped us to move have high expectations for technoiogy, so toward that goal. we knew we would receive varying

Networking Reference CD-ROMs/Mary Ellen Bercik 13 28 EditHelpSearch Show Fig. 2: MacSPIRS /ERIC Title Screen. a File .1 SlluerPlatter, u 2.0b1 ERIC (1/83 - 12/90) rir The ERIC Database January, 19113 - December, 1990 il

The ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) database consists of the Resources in Education (RIE) file of document ,v citations and the Current Index to Journals In Education (CIJE) file ill of the journal article citations from over 750 professional 1,1 journals. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education, ERIC Is a v. network of 16 Clearinghouses, each speclizing In a morale subject area. RR Typo e search request, then click the Start Search button.

Enter search: Combine terms using:3113orED 053 MEICral 4. 'macintosh and catalogs' Eil:=EI MI .

feedback and many suggestions from as a full reference service, which we plan them. We weren't disappointed! to do in the next few months, we will select databases which are more tailored to our users. Database Sekction

Silver Platter offers a number of data- Hardware 1. Software Configuration bases on CD-ROM for the Macintosh. For this test we selected public domain Our CD-ROM network runs on a Mac information, eliminating the need for II with three AppleCD SC drives daisy licensing agreements with the database chainea _D the Mac II through the SCSI producers. We already had permission (Small Computer System Interface) port. from Silver Platter to network the CD- The Mac II has a 40 Mb hard disk and 8 ROMs. We used ERIC, MEDLINE and Mb of RAM. This configuration is con- OSH-ROM, which contains occupational nected to the Engineering net by Ether- safety and health information. With the net. exception of ERIC, these databases are AppleShare File Server software allows somewhat peripheral to Apple's business, the Mac II to operate as a file server and soine users questioned our database where we have stored the MacSPIRS selection. When we implement this test application and various tutorial docu-

Fig. 3: MacSPIRS/Record Display. FileEditHelp Search Show SiluerPlatter u 2.0b1 ERIC 41/83 - 12/90) Retrieved Records Soren: APPLE CLASSROOM 4 of 14 AN: EJA01032 CHN:15520752 AU: Roes, - Steven -M.; And-Others TI: An Apple e Deg end et Night: A Distinct Tutoring Program for At-Rtsk Students. PY: 1989 JA: Educatieml -Technology; v29 ne p23 -28 Aug 1969 AY: UM1 DT: Journal Articles (060); Reports - Descriptive (141) English DE: Distencii-Educetion; Elementary -Sscondsry -Education; ifigter-Eilicetion; Minority-Group-Children; T uteri-; Tutors-; DE : 'Computer - Assisted - Instruction;Electronic-Moil; .Nigh -Risk- Students; liorns-Study;

(Nast Record Saiect Fields (Search from Records ) Previous Record ) (Show Subset ( Select Recoil:7-1 tt

14 macintoshedUBRARIES 29 ments. The MacSPIRS 2.0 Installer file Reference Support for Users resides on the file server called the "Apple Library Ref CDs" server. (Figure 1) Support for our users was provided in a The MacSPIRS search software must number of ways. In the initial announcement of be installed on each user's hard disk fromthe beta test, which was sent to 2,100 employees, a "MacSPIRS Installer" floppy disk. Rather we provided phone numbers and electronic mail than have every user come to the Library addresses for questions about the test. We had to pick up a copy of the Installer disk, two phone numbers for technical support: the we created an electronic "image" of the Reference desk and the number of the library's disk and put it on the file server. Users Network Administrator. We created a drop box could then create their own installer on the server for questions or comments about floppy from our disk image. We wrote the beta test. Comments and suggestions were step-by-step directions for the installation followed up by a phone call to the client. process, and in most cases people did

fig. 4: MacSPIRS/Search Screen. itFileEditHelp Search Show t SlluerPlatter u 2.0b1 ERIC (1/93 - 12/90) Search History No. Records Swell Rsquot 1 1224 APPLE 2 58040 CLASSROOM " 14 APPLE CLASSROOM

Z51 1." Enter search: Combine terms using: ED co ini Ulli with (near) 4. apple classroo 4' al=r1M Show Records Found BM

not have many problems copying and All Reference staff were trained in the installa- running the installer software. tion of the MacSPIRS 2.0 application, which we thought would pose the most problems for users. Support for searching the CD-ROMs, regarding Staff Training search strategy or database content, has always been the responsibility of the Reference staff, so Previously, all Library staff received we were experienced with questions of this hands-on training on MacSPIRS 1.0 at our nature. CD-ROM stations. Training for MacSPIRS Using an in-house application, we created 2.0 consisted of an explanation of the several documents which made access to the upgrade at a staff meeting, a description "Apple Library Ref CDs" file server almost instan- of the beta test, instructions for mounting taneous for our users. This application allows a the CD-ROM server, and an invitation to designated path to a volume to be saved into follow up with one-on-one training by a documents for later use. This eliminated several Reference staff member, if desired. steps in getting the CD-ROM databases from the library's server to the user's desktop.

Networking Reference CD-ROMs/Mary Ellen Bercik 15 30 User Feedback inevitable question arose, "How do I get the full text of the articles I found on x Apple employees usually have an database?" We also received much valu- opinion, or at least a comment! We able feedback on the MacSPIRS interface, received immediate response from our which we passed on to Silver Platter. We users as soon as the announcement of theplan to incorporate as much user feed- beta test was made. The feedback was back as possible into the final design of overwhelmingly positive. People were our reference CD service. very happy to be able to search bibliographic databases from their desks. The Apple campus is spread out over several Usage Statistics miles, and this service definitely saves time for our clients. They also loved We know of no network software that being able to do their own searching, freelets you tally the number of times a file of charge. Users responded with com- server has been accessed, so we do not ments such as, "This has saved us many have actual usage statistics on the CD- trips to the Library" and "This is really ROM server. Our Network Administrator Neat! Now let's expand it!!". monitors usage simply by physically Some departments, with greater checking to see if the CD-ROM drives are information needs, were especially in use. He reports that our ERIC disk is pleased. Employees in one of Apple's accessed several times a day, and OSH- Advanced Technology groups were elatedROM and MEDLINE are used occasional- to be able to access ERIC. The manager ly. This anecdotal method of determining of this department aggressively promoted usage is inefficient and impractical. We the service to his employees and they are would like to have a more quantitative now among our most active users. We measure of usage. We look forward to keep in touch with them, making sure to the day when accurate monitoring soft- communicate whenever the system is ware for networks will be available. down. This has happened just once, when we received a defective ERIC disk. Silver Platter promptly replaced the disk Successes and we were up and running in a few days time. The ease of installation of this CD- Users had many excellent suggestions ROM network was truly incredible! No about the test. Every query was followed hardware or software compatibility up with a phone call or e-mail message problems, no controller cards, no flipping within 24 hours. This was to keep the of dip switches, no autoexec.bat files. It momentum going and the interest in the was really plug and play. It took the project high. As a result of one user's library's Network Administrator about 1.5 feedback, we immediately expanded our hours to install the hardware and soft- networked CD-ROM offerings, adding a ware, then connect the server to the new volume of in-house Apple publica- Engineering net. It took another 3.5 hours tions important to our programming to write tutorial and other miscellaneous community. We placed document deliv- documents. In about five hours time we ery information on the server when the were ready to roll out our test. Search speed across the network has been excellent. A single term search on

16 maantoshedLIBRARIES 0 31 ERIC took less than a second to produce disk in our drive, and users called to tell results. A boolean search was approxi- us they couldn't search the database. Had mately 1.17 seconds. This was using a the user installed the software correctly? Macintosh IIfx and an Ethernet connec- Was the problem affecting all the CD- tion. Search speed at your desktop ROMs or just one? Were the problems depends on several factors: the speed of with our hardware or software? Or were the file server, speed of searcher's com- they related to the network connections puter, the kind of network connection to our building, the user's building, etc.? used and the volume of network traffic. There are more variables and less local There were no problems with more than control when troubleshooting problems one user accessing the same CD-ROM with remote electronic services. It really simultaneously, and there seemed to be helps to have technically astute staff who very little degradation in data transfer can solve such problems as they arise. speed. On the average, it took 16-17 If the MacSPIRS application doesn't seconds to switch from one database to reside at the root folder level of the user's another. If you were searching ERIC and hard disk, the application doesn't work. wished to change disks to MEDLINE, you In other words, if you take the MacSPIRS were on the MEDLINE search screen application and put it in another folder within 16 seconds. We expected remote called "Programs," the application will access to the CD-ROMs to be much not run. This bug caused problems for slower, so this was a pleasant surprise. several of our users because the ability to Both hardware and software seemed place applications inside folders is a stable and reliable. We experienced very standard feature of the Mac interface. We little down time during this test. Server gave this feedback to Silver Platter during maintenance has been low, staff support the beta test, but did not see this bug lighter than expected and users seem verycorrected in the released version of happy with remote access to bibliograph- MacSPIRS 2.0. We hope it will be ad- ic databases. dressed in later versions of the software.

Problems/Challenges/Bugs Summary

Each update disk from Silver Platter has Generally, both users and staff mem- a different, cryptic disk name such as: bers have been very satisfied with the ERDO, ORDO, MLAI. We have to revise performance of Silver Platter's CD-ROMs our help documents each time we receiveon the Engineering network. We have an updated disk and this is inconvenient. had a minimal amount of down time, In addition, when users log on to the CD- users have found the CD-ROMs easy to ROM file server they see these disk use, and staff support for the service has namesERDO, ORDO, etc. This is quite been less than expected. We plan to confusing and meaningless to therm expand this test into a fully implemented Troubleshooting technical problems is reference service. This will involve one of the challenges of offering a refer- extending the service to both of Apple's ence service over a network. When LANs (the Engineering net and the IS&T remote users call with access problems, it net), careful database selection, comple- can be difficult to determine exactly the tion of multi-user licensing cor'_Ls and location of a problem. We had a defectivemuch more aggressive marketing of the

Networking Reference CD-ROMs/Mary Ellen Bercik 17 34 service. More of the Library's budget will We're committed to reaching this goal need to be allocated toward the purchaseand each day we get closer to it.* of CD-ROMs with multi-user access. We believe that providing database searching Special thanks to Kevin Broun, Information Specialist and Bill Reding, Information Technical of CD-ROM products across our networks Support Specialist of the Apple Library for all their gives our clients what they wantremote work on the MacSPIRS beta test project. electronic access to the world's literature.

13*, Mary Elea Bard supervises the Reference and Network groups in the Corporate library at Apple Computer, Inc. in Cupertino, CA.

She can be reached at Phone: (408) 974-3058 Apple library Fax: (408) 725- 8502 Apple Computer Inc. Applelink: BERCIK 10831 Bandley Drive, MS-8C Internet: [email protected] Cupertino, CA 95014

18 macintoshedUBRARIES 0 C)001CI

WINTONcONIPUTERS'IITTHE UNIVERVIPIOF THEROTLIRIIRIES"

acintosh computers are used throughout the Libraries at The University of the Arts, as yet without being networked together. However by using them, we have transformed and vastly improved our office and administrative work, general word processing, and the printed component of our teaching and reference activities. We also use Macs in a number of other ways, including online computer searching for use with multimedia products, and to control important segments of our collections, notably the slide collection. This report, rather than an in-depth look at any particular application, is a summary of work in progress.

Background and Theater. The merger of these two institutions also brought into existence a unified library The University of the Arts, located in the system which consists of the Albert M. Greenfield cultural heart of Philadelphia, is a five-year old Library for materials and services in art, design, combination of two venerable century-old arts dance, drama, and the humanities, a Slide Library institutions: the Philadelphia College of Art and with resources useful to programs throughout the Design and the Philadelphia College of Perform- University, and a Music Library. ing Arts, the latter with Schools of Dance, Music, by Stephen Bloom

19 34 Macintosh computers are in prominent use in Reference many arts fields, and at a university in which the arts are the major focus, Macintoshes abound. In The University of the Arts' Reference Librarian such a setting, the choice of Macintoshes for began very early to use the Mac to produce many library applications has been natural. attractive notices and signs, as well as a variety Although the Libraries of The University of the of bibliographies and finding aids. .All of these Arts have been using OCLC to catalog since materials are updated regularly, and their uni- 1982, when a grant materialized in 1989 to form format allows relatively easy production of initiate local automation, the selection of six new titles. Beyond these bibliographic templates, Macintosh SEs each with 20 Mb hard disks, in a rapidly expanding library instruction pro- together with Image Writers and an Apple Laser- gram, special interest bibliographies are custom- Writer IINT was easily made. Upon their arrival ized 1.0 specific course needs. These specifically these units were distributed to the offices of the designed products contribute significantly to our Head of Technical Services, the Reference Librar- program of library instruction within the curricu- ian, the Director, the Periodicals Technician, the

"Administrativeuses of the Macintosh have become vital. As often happened with institutional consolidation and expanding academic programs, growth in the Libraries' budget and service activities have outpaced growth in staff"

Slide Library, and the Music Library. Thus began lum, and increase the length of time each in- our first taste of administrative computing and struction session influences students. In addition, the adaptation of a host of other applications to this year the Library initiated online computer various library operations. searching of RLIN as well as access to databases We standardized from the beginning on on EasyNet. This service has been made possible certain applications (Microsoft's Word v. 4.0, by a Macintosh in the Reference Librarian's Excel v. 2.2, and Works v. 2.0, Fox's FoxBASE+/ office. As a search terminal, the Mac allows easy Mac v. 2.01, and HyperCard) in the expectation downloading, simple editing, and elegantly of developing a local network within the Librar- reformatted results with Microsoft Word ies. The local area network has been slow in developing, due in part to initial inexperience, time, telephone system constraints, and, above Administration all, the constant individual use of the computers. Even in the absence of a networked environ- Administrative uses of the Macintosh have ment, our Macintoshes have become indispens- become vital. As often happens as a conse- able many members in their work. quence of institutional consolidation and expanding academic programs, growth in the Libraries' budget and service activiti( s have outpaced growth in staff. Statistics-gathering and

20 mdcintoshedLIBRARIES 0 35 analysis, budget preparation, financial ledger and Multimedia book order reconciliation, and student wage reports have been automated, usually with The original purchase of computer equipment home-grown Excel applications. Excel's ease of in 1989 included an introduction to HyperCard use likewise has allowed the distribution of interactive multimedia packages, notably Voyag- many of these activities to more appropriate staff. er's "The National Gallery of Art Laserguide." When monthly budget reports were initiated in Noting an emerging interest especially within the order to consolidate and improve control of museum education field in exploiting the poten- administrative and materials expenditures, the tial of this medium, the Libraries purchased a process was quickly learned by a senior library Sony videodisc player and a monitor to be used technician who had little previous computer in conjunction with a Macintosh computer in the experience. The process has appropriately given Slide Library. The Slide Library is heavily used by her a much larger measure of control over our faculty preparing class presentations and by accounting process and its need for constant students carrying out viewing assignments, and liaison with the University's finance office. And so it was a logical place to intercept faculty who her new facility with the computer encouraged might consider assigning viewing or interactive her to propose and supervise the conversion to lessons from the packaged program. It was also Microsoft Word of a manual subject authority file hoped that its availability might spur interest in for our extensive picture file. developing custom interfaces to the videodisc Student wage reporting illustrates the conve- using HyperCard's programming language, nience and adaptability of our Macintoshes. The HyperTalk. author used and admired for many years a During the academic year 1989-90, general student wage report developed lovingly and interest in and activities related to computer painstakingly at another university by a skilled technologies grew substantially throughout the computer programmer for a non-Macintosh University, encouraged in part by the formation system. Using that program as a model, Excel of a broadly representative University Technolo- was employed to record data and produce gies Committee. University-funded computer reports on the use of hours and money for each laboratories were built and equipped for use in student and supervisor. When student employees ait and design fields, as well as in music to are hired, basic data is entered in a "Student expand opportunities for students and faculty in Employment Summary," which is set up as a the use of MIDI technology. When University "dependent" Excel database. At the end of each funds were offered competitively for new initia- pay period, student work is recorded and auto- tives, the Libraries succeeded in gaining support matically computed in a linked "supporting" file, for an expansion of interactive multimedia the "Student Pay Period Report." Cost to the capabilities. Additional videodiscs were pur- Libraries, total hours worked, and the amount of chased, including titles relating to music and time remaining on the student's allocation is computer graphics. We also purchased our first computed and reported to the linked "Summary" interactive program for audio compact disc: report. Some of that information in turn can be Robert Winter's "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony" produced as a report to supervisors so that they produced by the Voyager Company. It includes a can pace student work to fit allocations and keepcommercial compact disc recording of the Ninth students informed about the progress of their Symphony together with an interactive Hyper- work study grants. Card program which searches and plays passag- es from the CD to illustrate thematic, musicological, and historical dialog and graphics on the computer screen. Additional titles have been acquired since. Also purchased, and a key

In Splendid Isolation /Stephen Bloom 21 36 to the long-term success of our proposal, were we eventually choseFoxBASE+/Macv. 2.01, in HyperCard"toolkits" for audio CDs and video- part because of our belief that it offered the best discs, which allow the creation of custom inter- potential as a link toHyperCardthat might active HyperC,ard stacks for use with commercial emerge from the Libraries' and University's audio CDs or compatible videodiscs, by adding interest in multimedia. timing instructions. FoxBASEhas taken a long time to learn, but To accommodate this expansion, one new we have begun to see impressive results in Mac SE with two CD drives was set up in the efficiency through the organization of a database, Music Library next to our other audio equipment. combined with increased staff involvement and In the Greenfield Library another new SE with interest in the entire actual process of putting videodisc drive and TV monitor was set up in thetogether the database. We started with the public reading area. Also as part of the new conversion of the artist file, from which we initiative, similar hardware for both audio CD produced a number of useful finding lists. and videodisc was purchased for the University's Constructing a database also functioned as a Audiovisual Services so that the equipment could learning exercise inFoxBASEfor the staff. We be distributed to classrooms and faculty offices now are converting and adding a file devoted to for presentations and development. TheHyper- slide titles, from which we can produce multiple Cardtoolkits are loaded on the hard disks of labels. Even with an Image Writer II, by using each of the Libraries' and Administrative Services' standard abbreviations and proportional spacing, multimedia stations. Audio CD and videodisc our labels now contain more information without programs are kept in the reserve sections of the suffering in readability. And the database is two libraries, and are circulated like other re- becoming an elaborate resource with information serve materials for room use as well as overnight far beyond what appears on the actual slides. to encourage development of curricular applica- Although we have just begun the process of tions. selecting an integrated computer system for general Library holdings, it is our intention eventually to have the Slide Library database as a Slide Library useful element of that system-wide resource.

Nowhere in the Libraries have Macintosh computers have been used to greater operational Conclusion effect than in the Libraries' large slide collection. For a number of years we have been looking to Over the past two years Macintosh computers provide some measure of automated control to have become invaluable to our operations. In the slide collection. We needed a relational addition to the variety of uses within the Librar- database which would give us a unified and ies, each staff member who uses these comput- controlled artists' file as well as a record of ers has found the Macintosh to help facilitate individual titles, from which we could simplify relationships to other individuals and programs the production of labels (one for each slide and in the University. Faculty-producedHyperCard drawer dividers for each artist and each specific stacks are shared, users consult with Library staff image). A database of this sort would allow us to on software applications and problems, and we, create directories and other custom lists, which as a result, contribute to deliberations on the would overcome the problems of a lack of a future of computing on campus as well as classification scheme for the slides and the networking with other departments. Within the physical arrangement of slides by artist and Library, we are now beginning to focus on location. With more ambition than exact informa- putting together a local area network of the tion on how we cared to construct this database, Macintoshes in conjunction with finalizing a

22 31 LIBRARIES decision over an integrated system. As we plan within that integrated system or in a separate for that integrated Library system, with its poten- LAN, our challenge is continue to empower and tial for remote use and access to graphic materi- experiment with as much success as we have als, we are visualizing links with our Macs and achieved while they have been electronically others throughout the University. But either isolated from each other.*

Stephu Mow is Director of University Libraries at The University of Arts in Philadelphia, PA.

He con be reached at: Phone: (215) 8751111 University libraries Fax: (215) 875-5467 The University of the Arts Broad and Pine Streets Philadelphia, PA 19102

in Splendid lsolteion/Stephen Bloom 23 38 HOW I GOT HERE

in the summer of 1989, I was looking for library work, so I called likely organizations within a sixty mile radius of my new home near Hillsborough, North Carolina. GTE Government Systems in the Research Triangle Park called right back and offered me a short term project to identify their requirements for a technical library.

I accepted, and went through their materials identifying the type and scope. I wrote a tentative job description and outlined some ideas for future space layout, materials handling and computer needs. By the end of the six week period, I had finished this documentation and started a full-time job as Automation Coordinator for the Danville Carol Public Library in Virginia. Bonham SI--*Kffk.,V'Kff SYSTEM SI-JEvb

24 UBRARIES 63 39 In April 1990, GTE called again and offered me a permanent position to implement my projected plan. I began work within weeks. I spent part of the first month emptying boxes, organizing furniture and getting phone and computer hookups. When I had finally dug out, I began to look at software packages available to build a library cr:alog and circulation system.

What I Looked at First I knew that my automation choices for the Library would have to be 'Mac' based. Due to the Macintosh's graphic capability, it was GTE's system of choice. Ur, to this time, my experiences were only with IBM PC-based systems and so I had a lot to learn in a hurry. I took a couple of basic courses on the Macintosh and began to talk to software representatives. I identified six vendors, and obtained demo products from them. The library applications were Resource Librarian from AccuWare Business Solutions, Mac Book II Plus from Library Interface Systems Inc., Bib lio-Tech from Platinum which was based in Paris; MIS (Mac Library System) from Caspr; Mac the Librarian from Richmond Soft- ware; and CALM (Computer Assisted Lii_.:qryManagement) from Serenity Partners in Alabama. Most cost thousands of dollars and had a lot more power than I needed.

Fig. 1: The opening card of Mike Steiner's library Management HyperCardstack gives Title the user basic fields for author, publisher, Int22.xtiQtf porta circulation, notes, and due dates. Author: Publiskor: Cllootiot out ity Modify Date ) 1D1149ayilac91ZCixalOzsre,sotilil.e.cosina..ts: J22Azc.CdhaaSnV?"elaMlszsntrEtezy-VaVtttBdlzccmsotatIVL3x9AItxbamxLsarylcrtanMVMO.K.___- tOw..4oICPamrttutRdrccazsl.alfrlbtsktszfccttaCcoklartlamsLoltf- _QASi (Add to Inde9 AddNew Book) 40 Dote Chop burg out Delo duo Is 1.0 43 ID (4> *I

As a point of reference, I serve 150 engineers in Software,Hard- ware, Systems and Training. The Library contains acollection of around 10,000 items, which needed to be processed and cataloged. I was looking for a program that would allow me to register my patrons, catalog the materials and connect the twowith some kind of due date. After much research and discussion, one of the GTE engineers gave me a HyperCard shareware programcalled Library Man- agement that he had downloaded from a bulletin board(Figure 1). I tested for a week, sent the developer, Mike Steiner of Sierra Vista, Ariz., $50, and began to configure the stack for the Library.

A Shareware System Shared/Carol Bonham 25 40 ModifyingHyperCardShareware The engineer, who originally located the stack, and I modified the package to meet some of my previously outlined basic requirements for the Library. I told him what fields I needed and he helped me to design the card. For instance, I dropped the 'Comments' field and moved the 'Checked out by' field to the bottom of the card. I also added 'Call Number,' Format,"Price,"Place,"Year' and 'Subject' fields (Figure 2).

Fig. 2: Modifications to theLibrary Manage- mentstack included dropping the Comments f-1 111111111111111111MIEll Computer end the Brain field and adding to the stack fields for call I 53 number, format, price, place of publication, Author: _Ladd, Scott Yr..t9 date of publication, and subject tracings. 1PubUslupr...ledxneleIstAleletftethicirem).Pt = NewYcwic can 0335 L32 1986 Farm*: Book Modify Bata ) Pre= ISBN 0-553-34264-9 Computers /Brain

Cheeky'yot by Odd to nden) (Rdd a New Book) Dato Choi:11*d out Date duo ha I<:3 lb c> bl

Because the 'Title' and 'Subject' fields scroll up and down, I can put in as much information and as many subject headings as I need for each item. I click on the 'Add a new book' field to add material and I go to the menu to 'delete' a book. The 'Sort' icon in the upper left corner of the card alphabetizes titles for me and the 'show all' icon in the upper right corner quickly pages through the whole stack. On the 'Index' card, when you click 'Find,' displayed as the small eye at the bottom, a screen opens for you to enter a term and then searches for it Keywords link cards together and provide access by author, title, subject, ISBN, patron's name, phone number or any other data field element. I can even search part of a word with right and left hand truncation.

Cataloging To check my cataloging against a standard and come up with subject headings and class numbers, I use a modem with the Mac to access the combined catalogs of Duke, NC State and University of NC at Chapel Hill. This access also allows me to borrow from them to fill ILL requests for engineering patrons, to provide materials not within the scope of my Library. When I do an online search, I usually split the costs across several departments, justifying the financial bottom line as well as increasing interdepartmental communication. I am in the process of cataloging collections of materials stored in the offices of GTE's managers. This project will help me track down items in the facility and also verify that a given person is willing to

26 macintos edLIBRARIES 0 41 lend it. This gives me the luxury of not locating everything physically in the Library as long as I can maintain a sort of geographic inventory. When a library item is checked out, I enter the employee's name and a unique-to-GTE four-digit phone extension in the 'Checked out by' field of this customized HyperCard stack. The program automatically computes a four-week due date and a 'Return the book' button appears. Clicking on this button, when an item is returned, will clear the record, ready for the next patron checkout, or for the original patron to renew for another four weeks. If an item needs tobe reserved, I add the second person to the 'Checked out by' field and contact them when the item returns.

Network Access to the Catalog The Library catalog is available on GTE's VAX Server so over 80 Macs in the building have access to it through the AppleTalk network. The route for any patron on the Server is straightforward. They select "Public Folder' on the Chooser, get 'Carol Bonham' from the Library AppleTalk Zone, select `NCSC Library' (North Carolina Sys- tems Center), and then send it to their own listing.Of course, patrons on the network cannot modify information in thecatalog, but always have 'read access' to it. As I interact with my patrons, I better understand their information needs as engineers in various subject areas. For example, when one patron finished a project, I subject-coded every item shehad used by the project name. I then printed card sheets in alphabetical title order for her records, using the LaserWriter printer on the network.

Disadvantages Using shareware to operate a Library is not without problems. In the case of this particular HyperCard stack, there is a lack of statistics and circulation reports, which would be available in more sophisticated and expensive library- specific applications. There is no provision for reserves and overdues. With some modification, I corrected these deficiencies to issue overdue notices by simply printing the records as needed. There is not a way to perform boolean searches, but, at this point, my database is small so that single-term searcheshave a high hit rate. I always search the bibliographic database before cataloging, sothat I don't create duplicate records. A more powerful system would automatically check the database for me. As the catalog grows, sorts takes longer. I now allow one afternoon a week for this process and backup the entire stack onto to a single diskette at the same time, archiving it in another location.

Future Directions The catalog will soon grow beyond the size of a single floppy, so that backups will require a tape drive or hard disk for storage. I am working on getting a more powerful computer, with a larger screen

.1.0.0111. A Shareware System Shared/Carol Bonham 27 4^ and more memory. Modifications continue on the stack. Within the next six months, I will have the stack count each transaction for me, for statistical purposes. I don't ever expect to have sophisticated reporting capability, but then accounting for materials is more important to my administration than statistics. This particular system is user-affectionate and easy to handle. There are familiar Mac icons, graphics, menus, and commands. Using a single screen is efficient for my operation, much more than the multiple screens of several developers and their library-specific software, which gave me more information than I ever needed about a book. Multiple screens for tracking different kinds of patrons, bar codes for circulation, or MARC are unneces- sary, given the scale of this Library. Of course, this shareware will probably only work well for a small library. But my research found that it is just the kind which is overlooked by software developers. They perhaps incorrectly assume that there are not enough of us to be worth the effort since the financial rewards by this market may be marginal. My automation efforts have had the complete support of GTE's Opera- tions Manager, which makes my job very satisfying. I intend to remain open to new software options, but for the present, given the performance of thisHyperCardshareware, you sure can't beat the price.*

After twelve years with the Fairfax County Public library in Northern Virginia, Carol Bonham relocated to North Carolina in August 1988. She's had an IBM clone at home for the last six years, but since May 1989, has learned about the Macintosh at GTE. To quote Carol, "This means that I ride English saddle during the day and Western on the weekends and fall off the horse regularly." She edits

GTE staff newsletter so she's polished her writing skills while learning the techniques of desktop publishing. She is also a journalist, producing a syndicated col- , 5 umn entitled 'Common Scold.'

,i;1 Carol can be reached through postal agents at: I GTE Government Systems Phone: (919) 549-4118 400 Park Plaza Fax: (919) 549-1299

Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709 TeleMail I C.Bonham.

28 macintoshedLIBRARIES 63

BEST COPY AVAILABLE Potf-evb-ofrke cf2w.bts-2viii4,6, trvt e--f+RR C6./Nafrp-mkr

by Kay Brodie & Claudia Jewell

hesapeake College, a rural community college,

serves residents of afive-county area on the Eastern shore of Maryland. b. is the only publicpost-secondary institution in these counties, and recognizes itsmission as a community resource.Nearly a decade ago, with funds from a Title III grant administered throughthe Learning Resource Center (LRC), theCollege published a Directory of Community Services,listing both public and private communitysocial service agencies in the five-county region. Overthe years,

29 44 frequent calls to the LRC lamented We then considered some of the that this publication had not been more well-known, non-Macintosh continued or revised. Additional database programs. At this point, we encouragement to revise the Directorywere hoping to cooperate with public can from an employee of the College, libraries in the area and create a an ardent supporter and user of the database for everyone to use and LRC, and also the chairman of a share. But we were the only Macin- group, coordinating literacy activities tosh-based agency in the group. The among many agencies on the Shore. enormity of our task seemed more She expressed her difficulty in findingevident with each passing phone call. a tool that listed agencies where she The Media Coordinator, being a could send her clients for help with Macintosh-oriented computer genie, their personal problems. began to be discouraged. With the The Administrator of the LRC clerical help starting soon, the Admin- decided that it was time to revise and istrator was getting nervous. So we publish an updated Directory of said... Community Seruices. The Media Hey, let's go with what we know! Technology Services Coordinator No big deal creating a Mac database! agreed to assist in this endeavor. The And we'll just turn the database into a friend-of-the-Library and Literacy word processing document... HA! Coordinator, empowered with abun- We discovered that indeed it was dant enthusiasm, agreed to provide no big deal to create the database funds for clerical assistance for devel- using Works. Our clerical help, a oping the database, that would be thestudent clerk, caught on immediately, foundation of the Directory. She also even though she had never used a promised to locate funds for printing Mac before. It was easy to create and distribution. mailing labels to ship proof sheets to a variety of agencies for corrections. The difficult part in this project was Selection of Project Software turning the Works database into a document that could be printed as a One of the first steps of the projectdirectory. Part of the difficulty was was to find software that would serve born in the variable lengths of the field dual purposes, to create a databasc devoted to the description of services and subsequently format output so by agencies, a description which could that it could be published as the be very long. We devised several fields Directory. Because other directories in the database to input these descrip- exist for other areas of the state, often tions, and getting these fields to wrap published by public libraries, the was the most tedious of our problems. Media. Technology Services Coordina- The Media Coordinator spent many tor began to contact parties responsi- hours working with the document and ble for these projects. Indeed it talking orer possible solutions with all appeared that there was excellent sorts of computer "experts." In the software available for this project, but end, we transported the Works data- most of it was well beyond our base into Word 4.0 as enriched text to means. create a word processing document. The editing was then done in this

30 45 macintoshedUBRARIES form. Was it a perfect solution? No. address and contact information in the Did it work? Of course, and the result database. The Administrator corrected was professional and easy to read. descriptive data in the word processing file.

Compiling the Database Nitty-Gritty: Cleaning the Database for The Administrator, in addition to Publication hand wringing, was responsible for compiling and verifying data for the After five months of data collection, clerk to enter into the database that entry, and verification, the clerk eventually the Media Coordinator graduated, other library employees could print. Area public libraries went off on vacation, and the Media assisted with data compilation by Coordinator and Administrator faced a making their information and referral long summer. Because the agencies files available to us. From these files, change frequently, additions and the Administrator would locate appro- corrections never seemed to end. A priate agencies, edit the entries, and cut-off date of July 1 was set after the clerk could subsequently enter the which we would not enter additional information into Works. agencies into the database. The initial compilation from these The Administrator spent the month public library sources went smoothly. of July editingstandardizing agency Each library file contained both uniquenames, removing organizations records and duplicates of entries of deemed inappropriate, and checking other libraries. To these files, we entries. If we had not received a added records from our older directo- response from an agency, a summer ries. We also scanned local newspa- clerknormally occupied with circula- pers each day for months for word of tion in the LRCphoned the organiza- new agencies, phone numbers, and tion for verification. Only a few phone contact persons. For the most part, verifications were needed. After the duplicates were weeded by using edited text was printed, style and simple functions in the database. format changes were made, and In order to verify the data, records spelling errors were corrected. A were submitted to various agencies forsubject index, table of contents, and updates and corrections. We enclosed ready reference sections were added. a self-addressed stamped envelopefor Since the Directory was arranged in replies, and the response was excel- alphabetical order by name of the lent. After records were mailed to agency, other indexes were not creat- agencies, the Media Coordinator ed. dumped the database into a word processing document. The clerk continued to add new agencies to a Final Product Released new data file. Printouts forverification were later sent to agencies from this In early August, the Media Coordi- data file and then these parallel files nator completed a cover design,made were merged. As corrections and some final design changes,and printed updates were received, the clerk fixed the Directory of Upper Shore Communi-

Database Publishing/Kay Brodie & Claudia Jewell 31 46 ty Services.The publication was summer (I can't believe I wrote that!). printed at the College Print Center At some point, we may merge our with a plastic cover and spiral bind- operation with that of the Eastern ing. The Literacy Coordinator kept herShore Regional Library, which has a promises of supportboth financial grant to compile a computer database and moral! of all these organizations and agencies! The resultingDirectorywas well In any case, the positive response from received by community agencies, the community made the project schools, and on campus. An updated worthwhile.* edition will be printed again next

Kay Brodie is the Administrator of the Claudia Jewell is the Coordinator of Media Learning Resource Center at Chesapeake Technology Services at Chew, Ike College in College in Wye Mills, MD. Wye Mills, MD. Claudia manages the library's computers as well as audiovisual materials. She can be contacted through the post at: She can be contacted by mail at

Chesapeake College Chesapeake College P.O. Box 23 P.O. Box 23 Wye Mills, MD 21679 Wye Mills, MD 21679 Phone: (301) 758-1537 Phone: (301) 758-1537 Fax: (301) 827-9466. Fax: (301) 827-9466.

32 LIBRARIES-61 47 1111 1111

/11111SS S Using the Macintosh in a Business School Library

he Aarhus School of Business is one of the major business colleges in Denmark. It has approximately 5000 students from Denmark and a number of exchange students, mostly from Europe and the United States. The schoolhas two faculties, the EconomicsFaculty and the Faculty of Modern Languages. The Language Faculty teaches fourforeign languages: English, German, French, and Spanish. TheLibrary at the Business Schoolfunctions as a shared service to both the Economics and Modern Languages faculties.

by Lene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen

33 48 The Macintosh has been in use at both Development of the Library Information system faculties for about five years. It first appeared in the Faculty of Modem Even in the hands of inexperienced Languages where it was introduced in developers,HyperCard isa powerful 1986 by Mr. Henrik Holmboe, senior application. In our example, we started lecturer and head of the Department of with a general outline of the contents. Computational Linguistics. With this blueprint, we invented a layout The concept of a Library information for the entire stack. From that point on, system originated as a solution to two development was limited only by our problems known to the Library adminis- imagination and our rapidly increasing tration. There definitely was a need to skills in manipulatingHyperCard. introduce patrons to Library facilities that The Library information system, based were not well known. There also was a onHyperCard,consists of five stacks. desire to free personnel from answering Each stack contains from three to 44 general, time-consuming reference inquir-cards. Let's examine each of the compo- ies that could be answered by a public nents, which includes introductory, information program, set up on worksta- informational, navigational, and graphics tions in the Library. This information stacks.

Fig. 1: The introductory stack of the Aarhus School of Business library provides a language option through the guide. This system can also be ad- justed for other languages in the School, including

French, German, or Spanish. D ansk English

Tryk med musen p. d t foretrukne sprog Click with the mouse on the language you prefer]

system would include information nor- The introductory stack ("bib visual") mally distributed through pamphlets as consists of a flashing Aarhus School of well as through reference questions. Business logo, designed to attract the Furthermore, this program would provide attention of visitors to the Library. Obvi- navigational details on the location of ously we could not use sound to adver- materials in the various sections of the tise the stack to patrons, so we chose an Library. original/inverted logo representation. This In the beginning, the two librarians stack also contains a language option of responsible for their part of the project, either Danish or English. With this option Birgitte Sonderkazr and Ellen Nielsen, hadbuilt into the stack, is possible to very little idea about the possibilities of extend the system, by adjustment of just HyperCard.We produced an introductoryone card, with other languages taught in stack which stimulated the imagination of the Aarhus School of Business such as our co-workers with tie possibilities of German, Spanish or French (Figure 1). HyperCardin the Library.

34 UBRARIES (3 49 This introductory stack is the Home stacks have buttons that enable the user stack for the Library information system to jump to any of the two last stacks, when it is not in actual use. The follow- "location" and "photographs." (Figure 2) ing Hyper Talk message handler is in the The location stack is a navigational information stack script to return the tool, showing a patron the location of program to its Home stack, "bib visual." facilities within the Library, such as the Language Library, or options for assis- on idle tance, for example with the catalogues. global oldTime This stack consists of thirteen cards that put (the ticks - oldTime) are all drawings scanned with anApple howlong Scanner and Hyper Scan. The drawings - put (the ticks - oldTime) intothe-, pamphlets message box are identical to those found in if howlong > 36000/2 then go stack, distributed to users in the Library, so that "bib visual" patrons do not have to become familiar pass idle with two sets of drawings. As shown in end idle Figure 1, it is only possible to go from any of the information stacks to the location stack. Forcing a patron to work

Fig. 2: The Main card in the Aarhus School of Business library information stack provides a Welcome to the Library navigational tool to facilities, access to brief What Is In the llbraru? description of Library personnel along with Language Library scanned images, and options for help with Library of Economics 0 Reading Room the card catalogue. Newspapers and Periodicals International Library (I-B) Bibliographies and Catalogues Holdings

Stav V. am f;::111 thittiset 10 you vith Merkur Veil wog Gird Catalsipm

The variableoldTimeis updated with through the stack card by card would the "ticks" from other message handlers only confuse the user rather than inform. in the stack such as the interaction of the Buttons on the location cards help the user clicks with the mouse, thus ensuringuser move through the stack in a routine no premature return to the introductory fashion. A stack command is built in to stack. If no one has used the stack in a eliminate any danger of a patron backing period of five minutes, this script returns into an irreversible corner in the informa- the stack to its starting point, "bib visual." tion system. There are two information stacks The photographs stack contains within the Library information system, scanned photos of all the employees in which are identical but not interdepen- the Library. It was discovered that most dent, and can be edited or changed patrons of the Library only knew the freely. Contrary to other stacks, they bothemployees as faces but that they were contain text rather than language-inde- unable to attach names or functions to pendent symbols. All cards in the two personnel. To resolve this problem,

Business Sense/Lene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen 35 photos were integrated at all relevant the Library through their interaction with assistance stages. Each card in the stack HyperCard than through more traditional shows the photo of one employee, with ameans of pamphlets and reference. One total of 32 cards in all. primary effect of this activity with the Like the location stack, the photo- stacks is that librarians are finding users graphs were scanned using Hyper Scan. more goal-oriented. Thanks to the infor- This stack can be entered only through mational stacks and the scanned images, the information stacks, providing a patronpatrons know whom to contact with only a brief description of an employee problems. Users first use the stacks to along with a scanned image and then a find information on the Library. If they quick return back to the information can't find their answer in the HyperCard stack. This autonomy of the stack facili- stacks, they then contact a librarian for

Fig. 3: Stags are linked together in Aarhus Libra./ information system using Introductory stack the introductory stock as a the point of origin. Patrons can then follow an option of using either English or Danish to answer their questions, following imbedded navi- Danish English gational guides and scanned images. info-stack info-stack

Location- Photo-stack stack

tates the entering of new employees into assistance, which ultimately means a the Library information system as well as saving of precious time for both patrons updating of old scanned images. and librarians. Finally, this computerized Overall, stacks are linked in a simple introduction to the Library provides users fashion. The introductory stack is the with a good introduction to online search point of origin for the Library information and retrieval routines, an experience system, taking the user to a series of which will be invaluable given the in- either English or Danish informational creasing role in libraries of computerized stacks. Both of these information se- information retrieval schemes. quences are linked to locational and The major drawback to this approach graphics stacks, with navigational guides is that there are never sufficient comput- and scanned images of Library personnel. ers available to allow all users to familiar- (Figure 3) ize themselves totally with the system. Another potential objection to this approach is that it is dehumanizing by Pros and eons of the system removing human interaction in part from reference. In this particular case, the The benefits of this Library informationcombination of computers and librarians system are immediately obvious even for enhances library service by removing those patrons who just "play" with the some of the tedium of reference, reducing stacks, who gain more information about the embarrassment of patrons with basic

36 macintoshedUBRARIES 51 and routine questions, and providing a With this link, it will be possible to create path for users to staff for personal assis- screen dumps which could be used as tance with complex or difficult inquiries. book slips. This option would greatly increase the accuracy of these slips and again save time for the librarians in Future developments verifying bibliographic information. The only limitations for expanding this infor- With the current configuration of mation system in the near future appear HyperCard and Macintoshes in the Aarhusto be our imagination in devising new School of Business Library, it will be scripts and stacks, and sufficient worksta- possible to link the Library information tions for all of the patrons.g system to the online database "Merkur"

Jorgee AIbretsee (shown left) is Computer Lens Byskov is a graduate student in English at the

Scientist at the Department of Computational Department of Computational linguistics, Aarhus School of linguistics, Aarhus School of Business, Denmark. Business, Denmark. She is a member of the HyperCard

He is Project Supervisor on all HyperCard projects team Involved in making the library information system and performed in the Department, and is generally is now considering how to design stacks assisting foreign

responsible for the computers at the Faculty. language training and information systems in general.

Jergen can be reached by mail at: Lene can be reached through the post at:

Department of Computational linguistics Department of Computational linguistics Aarhus School of Business Aarhus School of Business

Fuglesangs AU 4 FuglesangsMe4 DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark Phone: + 45 86 15 55 88 ext. 3046 Phone: + 45 86 15 55 88 ext. 3046 Fax: + 45 86 15 59 39 Fox: + 45 86 15 59 39 Internet [email protected] (UUCP). Internet [email protected] (UUCP).

Business Sense/Lene Byskov & Jorgen Albretsen 37 52- c4604-4;10%\br4kLi

During the early years of Kalmbach Publishing Co.'s C). history, a railroad reference library 14011.9 accumulated on desks and shelves in the offices of the editors of MODEL RAILROADER and TRAINS. In the late 1950s, a large closetwas designated the Library and some of the bookswere moved there. It was cataloged, but withno way to connect the cards to the booksthere were no call numbers on the books. The books themselveswere grouped in five loose categories: bookson locomotives, books on electric railways, soft- cover books, "popular" books on railroading, and other books on railroading. (The difference between the "popular" books and the others seemed to be a matter of photographsversus footnotes.)

In 1973, the editor of TRAINS gave the tion system was necessary. Since the Library a formal existence and hired a whole room would be 385 if I chose librarian, whose principal contribution Dewey Decimal, I devised a mnemonic was to put groups of soft-cover books alphabetic code and hired a part-timer to between hard covers, usually without anymake a new card catalog. consideration about subject matter. In early 1975, after two years of editing books, I was put in charge of the How the Library is used Library, inheriting much larger, air- conditioned quarters. My mandate was to Because the classification is mnemon- make things better but keep them so we ic, most staff members walk in, go right could still find things. A better classifica- to a shelf, find what they want, take a George H. Drury

38 macintoshedUBRARIES 5 few notes, and leave. A few ask for helpfor example, where are all the books on the Boston & Maine Railroad? I ask "What are you really looking for?" If it's whether the Boston & Maine used hyphens in its locomotive classification (is this a P4a or a P-4-a?), the answer can be found more quickly elsewhere: photos, maps, files. The card catalog is the resource of last resort. It was, even when it was up to date. Circulation is on the honor system. Users need not sign out items going no farther than the copy machine. If a book is to disappear temporarily from the collection, the borrower must take a large, bright-colored card from a tray; write the date, call number, title, author, and borrower name on a card, and put it in another tray. I enter the information in a Microsoft Works file and put the card on the shelf in place of the bock to serve as a pointer for the next person wanting the same item. Sometimes honor is in short supply, or the borrower says over his shoulder, "I'll bring this back before anyone misses it." The system can be also short-circuited when users return items directly to the shelves. I've never had full compliance with either "You took it, you put it back" or "Let me reslve it." Items out more than a month are tracked down by the Books Depart- ment secretary.

Cataloging procedures In simpler times, as new books came into the Library I reeled cards into the typewriter, typed the information, and filed the cards. Eventually an IBM Selectric replaced the Royal manual, but it didn't do as well with cards as its predecessor. About 1980 the company installed an Atex system for text editing and composition. In a few years a terminal was placed in the Library. It was thought that users would send the results of their research back to their desks electronically, and it was a good place for a spare terminal. I was already proficient on Atex, and after a little experi- mentation I devised a skeleton form that I could use to produce catalog cards on the line printer, 3 cards (really, slips of paper) per 11-by-15-inch page, with lots of good scratch paper in the bargain. I still had to file those slips of paper. The company acquired an Apple IIe with an eye toward the growing interest in computers in model railroading. The Apple gravitated to the Books Department, and the Books Editor struck a bargain with my boss: secretarial assistance to produce catalog cards in exchange for some of my time for editing and writing. Monthly I ran off a list of new books on the Atex line printer. TheBooks Department secretary put the continuous-form cards in the Apple printer, booted up a software package (I've forgotten which one), and produced a string of catalog cards, which she filed later. "Later" gradually became "much later," and "monthly" became "occasionally." When the stack of cards awaiting filing reached my

Macintoshing the Special Library/George H. Drury 5. 39 squalor threshold, I filed them, noting that the drawers of the card catalog cabinet were nearly full.

Courses converge In the late 1980s Kalmbach acquired a group of small-circulation magazines for dollhouse enthusiasts. The new division was placed under the company's Books Editor. Recognizing the technical and physical limitations of the Atex system, he bought a Macintosh to investigate the feasibility of publishing three magazines with them. The new division was quickly equipped with Macintoshes. Through a couple of vacation trips, one of which yielded an article for TRAINS Magazine, I acquired a reputation as an expert on rail travel in Switzerland. After answering numerous letters and phone calls asking for information, I asked myself, "Why give it away? Maybe I can sell it." I wrote the first edition of The Rai Ilan Guide to Switzer- land on my Apple IIc at home, put a new ribbon in my dot-matrix printer, and pulled off copies, which I took to a local quick-print place. When an order for 100 copies came in from a travel-book distributor, the Books Editor said, "Come to the Miniatures Division offices after hours and typeset it on a Macintosh. You'll get a better- looking product, and you'll learn a skill the company can use." He converted my files to Microsoft Word and gave me a few minutes of instruction, essentially saying, "The way to learn this is to pull down menus till you find what you want." Within a month, I was the company's Word expert. Later I learned how to use Quark XPress while producing The Railfan Guide to Austria. The Library was placed under the Books Editor's supervision in 1987, and he put me in charge of data transmission and conversion company-wide. You won't find those in the library on most organization charts. They are a facet of what we call Bob's Service Bureau, doing jobs that must be done and that no one else will do. Authors were submitting disks along with their manuscripts, and considerable secretarial time could be saved by bringing in the files electronically. I took home a modem so my Apple could communicate with Atex; another modem connected one of the Macs in the Miniatures office to Atex. We bought and I learned how to use an optical character recognition scanner. The Books Editor began specifying Macintosh for my editorial projects. Macintoshes began to spread to other departments, but not to the Library.

A Macintosh for the Library I spent more time out of the Library than in it, posting a long list of places where patrons might track me down, depending on the Macintosh task at hand. It was obvious there should be a Mac in the Library, but it took the promise of a computerized catalog to actually materialize a Macintosh there. Soon after the Macintosh arrived, I discovered that the Atex files with the cataloging information still existed. More as an experiment than anything else, I brought the records into Microsoft Word via

40 macintoshedLIBRARIES 0 55 Microsoft Works' telecommunication program, cleaned them up, inserted tab commands between fields, and created a Microsoft Works database. You might ask, why to Word, then back to Works? At the time I was unfamiliar with Works' word processor. In any case, suddenly I had a catalog, more or less, of four years' worth of acquisitions. A database isn't a catalog. I investigated several library catalog and library management packages. They generally included features we didn't need, such as bar codes, overdue notices, and circulation statistics, and they all replicated the traditional, official library catalog card format on the screena format I've never found necessary or fully understood. Most software packages boast of the ability to produce catalog cards, the very basic tradition that I was trying to rid in my operation. I noted that none of the systems would put the cards in the catalog drawers for me. However, one package looked promising, On-Line Mac Catalog from Right On Programs. A demonstration disk wasn't available, but

"The question becomes whether a data base can serve as a user-accessible catalog. Is it more difficult for a user to search a data base than to work with genuine library catalog software? I think not, given that many of the staff have had some exposure to the Macintosh, and theothers soon wut.'1199

given the price of the application, we simply bought it. I installed On-Line MacCatalog and quickly discovered its shortcomings. Briefly, there was no way to double-check entries before they went into the system. It was not possible to access partialrecords that went in because I hit Return instead of Tab. A shelf list could not be produced on demand, only shelf list cards,and that only once per item. Finally, searching was onlypossible by exact title, author, and subject or some truncation of them. I analyzed the needs of the Library more carefully. We need a complete and current list of our holdings, if for nothing else than appraisal and replacement. I thought about the searches that I had made of my database, to which I had been adding acquisitions monthlya list of book titles containing the words "spirit" or "scene" (one of our authors was titling his new book); a list of books about diesel locomotives published in the past three years (for a staff member who wanted to compare them with his proposal for such a book); and a list of all the books from a certain publisher (to compare that line of books with ours). Searches for publisher and date aren't part of most packages, but they didn't appear to be a problem for a database.

Macintoshing the Special Library/George H. Drury 41 50 The question became whether a database can serve as a user- accessible catalog. Is it more difficult for a user to search a database than to work with genuine library catalog software? I think not, given that many of the staff have had some exposure to the Macintosh, and the others soon will. Those who are Macintosh virgins will have to be shown how to point and click. A written procedure will help, too. Generally a solo database search will be necessary only when I'm away from the Library for some length of time. Most of the information requests to the Library are immediate, but not hopping-up-and- down immediate. We have decided to stick with the Library database for now. When (or if) the ultimate catalog package becomes available, part of its ultimateness will be the ability to convert database files, if not directly, at least through some conversion software rather than through fingertips.

Now else is the Library A serious deficiency of the Atex system was its lack of documenta- Macintosh used? tion. The walls next to Atex terminals were soon covered with pieces of paper with hints and tips. Microsoft Word and Works and Quark XPress are much better documented, but the habit of asking others how they solved problems is well established. Rather than tell people one by one, I produced something called Subtleties of Macintosh Typesetting, with information on left and right quotes, real dashes instead of double hyphens, constructing fractions and the like. My early experience on the Macintosh has made me a resource person, the one to ask about tab stops and style sheets and multiple column format, that is, how to specify two columns and not produce a document that is one character wide. Similarly, I have written down the procedure for optical character recognition scanning so the job could be done by our Production Department, rather than by me. I still have the job of moving files between Atex, Apple, and Mac. As we convert our operations to Macintosh, I will have to do less of this, but I will be in demand as an instructor. The Macintosh in the Libraryan SE with a 80 Mb UltraDrive internal hard disk, two floppy disk drives, Apple modem, and Radius monitor with a 12-by-15-inch screensees considerable use for teaching and demonstrating. All of these multiple roles mean that the Library's position as an informational resource both for printed matter and technologic expertise is solid and growing and should continue to flourish well into the future.*

42 maciistoshedUDRARIES (3 57 $ George H. Drury is librarian, Associate Books Editor, and unofficial Macintosh Pooh-Bah at Kalmbach Publishing Co., Waukesha, Wis. His mail-

ing address is:

Kalmbach Publishing Co. P. O. Box 1612 Waukesha, WI 53187 Phone: (414) 796-7996 ext. 446.

....

Macintoshing the Special Library/George H. Drury 43 58 he delightful and exhilarating jexperience of having a Mac SE computer in our junior high school library in Lancaster, Texas actually happened to me one bright winter morning in 1988. Due to the positive outcome of our bond election results in Lancaster, and the vision of our school administration and local school board, I, along, with many public school staff members in this community, were able to have Macintosh computers in our classrooms and Library. Carol The Macintosh provided me with the F elch great advantage to implement in part

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44 macintoshedLIBRARIES 43 59 some of the ideas outlined in a taken from ten to fifteen minutes of document issued jointly by the Ameri-effortnegotiating with the patron can Association of School Librarians about the exact picture, tracking down and Association for Educational just the correct magazine article and Communications and Technology picture, and copying the picture entitled Information Powe e. Finally, (provided that the magazine was in, and most importantly, the Mac and the copier was not being used) changed our school Library environ- was cut to five minutes. ment into an information rich one, As another example, HyperCard is allowing us to integrate a teaching/ used to print calendar pages those learning team concept with our staff same datebook components embed- of teachers, learners, and administra- ded in every copy of the program. tors. Creating a calendar is a task which, for many school librarians, can occupy a considerable amount of time just Taking the challenge before the beginning of the school year. Before actually printing the The next challenge for me after thepages, I make the necessary school arrival of the Mac was to learn how I holiday, in-service and early dismissal could use this versatile tool for the date notations. In that way, the Library completion of both routine, and can ensure that the school calendar is creative tasks. I quickly discovered coordinated with classroom schedules.. that the Mac is a computing tool right from the beginning of the school which allows me to manage, arrange, year by teachers. This product also and assist with a wide range of reduces the burden of paper in the information, storage, and retrieval hands of teachers. Most importantly, a problems. Since junior high school task that once took two or more hours librarians are usually library/media to complete is reduced to a much generalists, the need for this sort of more manageable size, enabling me to flexibility is crucial. concentrate on other more Library- Within the Library, we primarily specific tasks. use Microsoft Works, Microsoft Word, My Mac keyboard hums productive- HyperCard, Broderbund's Print Shop. ly as we "crunch" out bibliographies, In addition, we are fortunate to have done in MS Word or MS Works. I have an interactive video disc programs, been able to use the database compo- Election 88, by ABC News. nent of Works to store about video How is this software used? As I am cassettes and videodiscs in the collec- writing this, a parent wandered into tion. the Library hunting for a suitable graphic representation of a computer, without a human sitting in front of it. "Home" database She came to the Library expecting to retrieve an image simply copied from HyperCard is the "home" database a magazine. Instead, she departed for periodical holdings, subject head- with a picture of just exactly what sheings for the vertical file, and a quick had in mind, copied from the Print reference file. The quick reference and Shop. Normally, what might have subject heading stacks of the vertical

The Macintoshed Life/Carol Felch 45 60 file are done with HyperCard's built-inreplace fewer of these increasingly Address stack, taking advantage of the smaller electronic items every year, Find feature. This feature truncates on thanks to the greater accuracy of our as few as five characters, and helps records. students start a productive 'search of Election 88 is a rich source of the vertical and periodical files. information from the 1988 U.S. Presi- Sustaining accurate records of dential campaign, pulling together text, circulation by instructors is much video from broadcasts, and the narra- easier in our Macintoshed Library. I tion of Peter Jennings. It literally brings use the word processing component ofthe Presidential race into the classroom MS Works primarily, because of the for our students. For those preparing descriptive ease with which I can projects on the election, the text in accurately record AV materials. In the Election 88 provides information not environment of this school Library, only on the major candidates but the everything circulates. We check out "also rans," a group that may have stencils, power strips, remote controls, been a more problematic research AC adapters, phone plugs, ohm- group for both students and instructors measured cable for VCR/TV viewing in the absence of this product. This and listening, as well as cassettes laser disc and HyperCard-based prod- which are needed "now" and can't uct is indispensable. wait for cataloging and barcoding. As any Macintosh user can attest, I Many of these small pieces of equip- am still finding many tasks that can be ment, so necessary for the normal completed with this versatile comput- functions of classrooms, are not bar- er. There are probably faster ways to coded. As the school and school complete some of my routines, with district move more quickly into the fewer keystrokes. There are more next century, the routines of school powerful applications, that would libraries will reflect the demands of a remove some of the tedium of my fast-paced, information-hungry, and tasks in the Library and with the technology-based learning environ- Macintosh. But, that's OK, because I, ment. It will become increasingly like all the teachers and staff in our necessary to circulate more teaching school, are students of technology in and audio-visual materials to teachers this decade. We will learn to be even literally "on the run." As this process more productive, bringing to our accelerates, it is vital to have a com- students an increasing amount of puting tool tck maintain this pace, by information and tools, that will be providing an accurate record of all even more useful and relevant than items. Statistically speaking, we now now.*

Reference

1. American Association of School Librarians. Information power guidelines for school library media programs. Chicago ; American Library Association; Washington, D.C., Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1988, 171p.

46 macintoshedLIBRARIES 61 Carol Fetch has been a school librarian for eighteen years. She began her

professional career in Ohio, and for the last fifteen years has served in the state of Texas. She has a twenty year old daughter, and an eleven year old I son. She currently resides in Lancaster, Texas and recently has had the professional opportunity of being part of the planning team for the new Lancaster junior high school, which was dedicated a year ago. Mrs. Feld)

serves as this school's librarian.

She can be contacted at:

Lancaster Junior High School 1109 West Main Street

Lancaster, Texas 76146 (214) 227-4804

The Macintoshed Life/Carol Felch 47 62 UsiNg

L 'llyER AR AS A PROMOTIONAL Tool

"The medium is the message" Marshall Herbert McLuhan

Ii IyperCard stacks are well known for their educational uses, informing a wide range olli iof audiences on subjects as diverse as trilobites and human anatomy. Stacks have also introduced library patrons tofacilities and collections, in academic, public, special and school Barbara Mattscheck

48 LIBRARIES e3 63 libraries literally around the world. But(networking, literacy, funding, informing HyperCard can also serve as a marketinggovernment officials, federal issues, and tool. It can demonstrate a technology andmarketing) were briefly described and promote a product or agency represented recommendations for action were made. in the stack. Corporations to some extentWe planned to mail this issues sheet, have used stacks to bring information about which also defined and explained special products to potential customers, and somelibraries in Pennsylvania, to the delegates government agencies, such as the Britishin preparation for the September confer- Columbia Ministry of Tourism, haveence. discovered the advantages of HyperCard as Then, while attending SLA's annual an advertising vehicle. But libraries, andConference in Pittsburgh, I happened to their professional organizations, have notstop by the Apple booth. Ed Valauskas fully exploited HyperCard's potential as awas demonstrating some stacks including marketing and promotional vehicle. an early version of the White House In May, 1990, the Philadelphia Chapter Conference stack. The light bulb went on of the Special Libraries Association (SLA) in my head. Why not do a stack of our recognized the need to educate partici- special library issues for the Governor's pants in the Governor of Pennsylvania's Conference? Not only could we educate Conference on Library & Information the delegates about special libraries but Services about special libraries. A list of we could show them a technology they issues, relevant to special libraries for had probably never seen before. Also, discussion at the Conference was pre- those who would be going to Washing- pared by the Chapter. Six major areas ton for the Conference would be a little

Fig. 1: The exhibit at the Governor of Pennsylvania's Conference on library & Information Servkes brought to the delegates information about special libraries in the state, increasing their awareness of issues of importance to special librarians that were part of the Conference's agenda.

, 4 W

"s/'

,/; rf /

~~.4" yr~~

~~Using HyperCard As A Promotional Tool/Barbara Mattscheck~~

64 more prepared to use the White House Card took place and our stack was ready. stack. The Chapter's Board acted as a trial After conferring with several Chapter audience for demonstrating the stack. board members, we decided to go ahead Their problems with the technology with the project and Ed arranged for Bill helped prepare me for the Governor's Vaccaro to transform our ideas into a Conference. HyperCardstack. Why have someone in Chicago develop a stack for us? Because I, like 99.9% At the Governor's Conference of our Chapter, am a DOS person. I use a Macintosh SE to produce our Chapter Time and space were very constrained newsletter so Word andPage Makerare at the Conference. The exhibit area was

Fig. 2: The Table of Contents from the SL4 Philadelphia Chapter stock provided an GOVERNOR'S CONFERENCE overview of issues and gave ON LIBRARY AND the delegates a navigational tool to find specific information INFORMATION SERVICES Pennsylvania: America's Libraries Start Here on topics under discussion at the Conference. Table of Contents Fact Sheet on Pennsylvania Libraries Special Libraries Association Issues for Consideration Recommendations

~~CLICK ON ANY TOPIC TO CONTINUE~~

my Apple strong points. At that time, I not open during the meetings and we had usedHyperCardto compile a data- could not draw people away from other base but I knew that it was beyond my activities. However, given our narrow scope to create this stack for my Chapter. window of opportunities to reach our So, for the rest of June, we polished audience, we were able to demonstrate our writing, worked out the flow of the the stack, and Apple technology in stack in a primitiveHyperCardstack, general, to everyone who was interested. collected photographs of special librari- (Figure 1) ans and their users, found appropriate Our strategy involved several steps. logo art and graphics, and panicked that We had a print copy of our issues, and a it wouldn't be ready in time for Bill to description of special libraries, to give to develop the stack. everyone who stopped by our station. Eventually, we collected all of the (Figure 2) information, sent it to Bill. The transfor- I made sure the delegates got this mation from paper and script toHyper- information right away so that they didn't

50 macintoshedUBRARIES 65 feel they had to remember everything. As viewing the stack how HyperCard could I demonstrated the stack, I emphasized be used in their own setting. For most, it certain key issues and pointed out was the first time they had seen an Apple (i.e. confirmed) that they were on the Macintosh, so I spent part of the time sheet, to provide reinforcement and to showing how you could move around in allow for the fact that the delegates didn't a stack and the intuitive nature of the have a great deal of time to read through interface. everything. (Figure 3) The delegates were captivated by the My approach to the delegates varied technology. They appreciated the con- for each one. I was able to refine my cept that the program could focus on pitch so that I could attract people to just their interests, rather than try to channel look at the stack. Even those delegates them into subject areas or issues that they

Fig. 3: Keyissues of importance were pointed out to del- The following are actions recommended egates from the stack, tied to handouts that reinforced the by the Philadelphia Chapter/Special interests of special libraries Libraries Association for discussion at the before the delegates at the Pennsylvania Governor's Conference. Conference. Recommendations Networking Informing Government Officials Literacy Marketing

~~CLICK ON ANY TOPIC TO CONTINUE 441~~

who stood far away from the table, afraid were not concemed with at that particu- to get near the computer, were drawn by lar point. Delegates remembered that SLA the photographs and animation. We that provided them with this experience. included in the stack a scanned photo of During the issue discussions in the course Pennsylvania's Commissioner of Libraries, of the Conference, when special libraries Sara Parker, which proved to be one of were mentioned, they knew something the most popular cards. Everyone knew about them. They remembered, if any- the Commissioner it seemed and could thing else, the scanned photos in the identify with her image in the stack. stack and our "moving" logo. (Figure 4) Was their proof of any impact of the stack on the delegates? In one session I The stack served two educational attended, a participant in the Conference purposes. It informed delegates about referred to the stack. He mentioned a SLA and Chapter concerns and it demon- statistic that had appeared in at least strated a technology. We told those three print items he had received, but his

Using HyperCard As A Promotional Tool/Barbara Mattscheck 51 66 memory pulled up the information from adance) so members could see their graphic on one of the cards in the stack. investment. To many, it was an educa- With today's information overload, youtional experience aboutHyperCardsince need to capture attention. We felt we did most of them are versed in IBM comput- that withHyperCard.We were able to ers. define and explain special libraries for the The stack has elevated the image of delegates, put forward our concerns in the Chapter nationally. At SLA's 1991 issues that were part of the Governor's Conference in San Antonio, the stack will Conference, and called for action ir_ our be discussed in a Science & Technology best interests. Division program onHyperCard. Byjust having the stack described in the Confer- Wir; Fig. 4: A scanned image of " : ITit f t Sara Parker, the

~~Pennsylvania Commissioner of libraries, in the stack provided a degree of familiarity for the delegates . in their course of navigating ..;f. :t'tif7 the stack at the Conference. :;,;..v. :2: .4.~~

~~, fc. . SmithidineBeediam Merlon vania's Statejsixarian (center) tows the Upper Mericn ; Information Center. 'this fa.cilityservices over 2000 pharmaceutical march and development.entlsts,~~

Beyond the Conference ence program, the Chapter gained exposure to the whole membership. Those Since the Governor's Conference, the who attended the session will remember stack has been shown at library functions.the Chapter well into the future, as active, It was demonstrated during Drexel technologically sophisticated, and in- University's Library School alumni work- volved. Thus, while the stack's primary shop onHyperCard.This event promoteduse was in the Governor's Conference, the Chapter with our local peers. It servedwe've recycled it as a self-promotional as a reminder of SLA's and the Chapter's tool. presence in Philadelphia, and that we worked on professional projects for the Promotional Value library community at large as well as serve our membership in regular meet- At the Governor's Conference,Hyper- ings. Cardgot our name out to delegates and Additionally, the stack was used at ourto the State Library staff who planned the first Chapter meeting (over 100 in atten- Conference. Now, as more of our peers

52 LIBRARIES 4 67 see it, they are aware of our Chapter and The stack helped promote special are more inclined to remain or become libraries, the Special Library Association members, because they recognize it as a' and our Chapter. It was well worth the strong and active one, promoting their Chapter's investment of money and time. interests to fellow professionals. Other We were recognized by delegates, state SLA members from other Chapters see library staff, our Chapter members, what we've done, take note, and recog- Drexel alumni, and SLA as a whole. It nize our efforts as leaders in using tech- was an easy way to let introduce non- nology and in bringing our message to librarians to special libraries, remind our public, which in turn makes our librarians that there is an active local members proud over the accomplish- chapter and that we are a resource.* ments of their Chapter.

~~Barbara Mattscheck is the Business Librarian for The PQ Corporation, a private chemical company, a member and Past~~

~~President of the Philadelphia Chapter/Special Libraries Association.~~

~~She can be reached at: Business library~~

~~PQ Corporation P.O. Box 840 Valley Forge, PA 19482 Phone: 215/293-7255 Fax: 215/688-3835~~

Using HyperCard As A Promotional Tool/Barbara Mattscheck 53 68 hile I was an undergraduate, way back in the dark ages of the Sixties, using a computer meant punching tiny little rectangle holes in thousands of data entry cards. It was technological tedium. A wrong punch and the entire program failed. Using a computer was difficult, frustrating and mysti- fying. Becoming a school media specialist, or as New Jersey called them then,

it started slowry...and it crew. a%16 "teacher-librarians," on the other hand was 13 'V" NS. A R "Y'E. simple. Be able to alphabetize with speed and C, PC A 12. AA. A accuracy, be able to count to 999.999, know the difference between an overhead projector and a microform reader, and be able to say "SHHHHHHHHHH" and mean it. A career choice seemed so clear.

54 macintoshedLIBRARIES 69 Then came the Seventies. School libraries sonal computers of every variety, from Commo- settled into peaceful operation. Happy librarians dore to Pet, were flooding schools. were suggesting particular books to students and Unless our community assisting teachers, their secretaries doing all that jumped on the tedious clerical work. Title II, or IV or IX or band- whatever number the government used in a given year, was providing sufficient working funds. Of course, now there was more equipment, wagon, warned the filmstrip projectors had computer dealers, we would auto-advance, and some be left with applesauce on our faces. adventurous college And worst of all, horror of horrors, our beloved libraries were experi- Librarian, who knew every student in the school, menting with computer- and could name every item in the Library, ized check-in/check-out announced her retirement. Guess who got the for circulation. But, job? Soon, my face looked like applesauce. that kind of expen- What to do? No secretary. Limited budget. sive mainframe was Oodles of new paperwork, for, as the budget out of the question for shrank and staff was reassigned, duties in- little school libraries. Not to creased. Well, obviously one of those newfan- worry, the old systems worked gled computers was the ticket. A few courses at fine. Why fix it if it isn't broken? the local computer store and anyone qualified as an "expert." A little cajoling, pleading and ta-da! An Apple IIe arrived in the Library office. Soft- WM, Applesauce ware followed, though some aspects of Apple- Works remain a mystery. Quick Card, which is still churning out catalog cards, became a staple Then the unthinkable happened. The Eighties of the collection. Print Shop is currently making came. Money for school libraries, and school banners for around the school. Our problems library secretaries dried up. Vanished. Pool? The were solved! Well, for a time, at any rate. Then VCRs that had served so long and sturdily in U- our calm little world exploded. Matic format were swallowed up by VLIS. Per-

fig.1: The Shongum Parent Teacher Association raises money for library books by encouraging parents to 'adopt" a book on behalf of their child. presented. Titles are added to the collection, bearing book- to the plates, created on me Mac, that note the name of Shonyum. the child and their birthday. A Macintosh database SchooL keeps track of these books. Library 1990

It started slowly.../Mary E. Okarma 55 7 0 Dost Thou DOS or Dost Thou Not? brain. "They're Macintoshes," she whispered with reverence. "User friendly, easy to set up, multi- It was time to go back to school. Real gradu- faceted and, you don't need to be a computer ate school, where they had computers hooked whiz to make them work for you." The future up to databases in California, and where you unfolded before my eyes... Macintosh forever. could type papers on word processors and see But how to convince the people with the that miracle of modem printing, a laser printer. money? Ah. A grant. Just as it is always darkest My little Apple He grew smaller and smaller next before the dawn, there is poverty before riches. to Big Blue. Oh, what this marvelous machine The New Jersey Teacher's Recognition Program

Fig. 2: Reports home took on a new look thanks to the Macintosh anditsgraphics capabilities. This notice for the Shongum PTA Book 4 Fair informed parents about a way ZOt011ON! to the support the library through purchases at a local bookstore. ,old vac mlw titn Skongain Soltool /074 aook..1al..r.MIApcs.t. auk?

~~,God e. wormy./ You. can *Lea bag b-ook* ion wow, eftacirea, fi0ilee4 on a* WV,* and *appoet as* A74 at an *am* am*/~~

,(few? dd.& plan a trip to Me. ate& Proetwor aookntore, n at,* Caldor Centre' cn lgorei* Nato*. 14.4a angel.ino fears Pecenieer RA-7M 7, *noon Shongans Sokoal *ARa yaw make a paeolt,a4d and a poreGon m.4 prZoe. sva go to a*/

Once, alum" 71/4NAS for yam*' appone./ Ne'OXPat irilikAM241P. RiLkaieiltiffe,,., could do! Leap databases in a single bound! brought cash from the state, and with a little help Process words faster than a speeding typewriter. from a very understanding administrator, the Mac Crunch numbers in its bare circuits! Look! On the was in the Library office. The He reassigned to desk! In the work place... its...... no. It was too the Library proper for student use, and we were much. There was just too much "DOSness" to off and running. this big blue machine. What to do? That's when there was a soft "psssst" at the door. Following a favorite professor, with a "But What're Ya Gonna Use It For?" penchant for the unusua., to a small room, there stood on tables 25 of the cutest little machines Well, that was The Question. There had been ever created. Gleams of wonder sparkled in my dollars for hardware, but software was a little eyes. Sparks of enthusiasm crackled through my slower in coming. MacWrite provided the begin-

56 71 macintoshedUBRARIES ning steps. Memos to teachers, reports to admin- of their child. It's called the "Birthday Book istration, worksheets for students, forms, flyers, Club." Titles are added to the collection, bearing etc. Not good enough. Those things could be bookplates that note the name of the child and done on a typewriter. We needed a database. their birthday. Until the Mac came along, we MicrosoftWorksfollowed. Now overdues on the used commercially produced plates, upon which computer... add a little mail merge, some creative the information was typed. Not now! Custom report maneuvering and individual letters could made book plates (Figure 1) are easily created be sent to students, a list made for each class- and stored on the Mac. A database of all Birthday room and a desk copy for the library to cross off Book Club books is on file and information returning items. about each book noted and recorded for possi- Soon more complex reports followed. A ble reports, catalogs and the like. proposal to completely automate the libraries in all four elementary schools, complete with

fig. 3: Simple notes, such as this thank you letter for support of the Shongum School Library and its Birthday Book 4c. Club, took on a whole new appearance, thanks to the The Shongum PTA, the faculty Macintosh. and especially the students greatly appreciate your contribution to the Birthday Book Club. Your kind contribution will add volumes to our collection.

~~Shongum oiiit9(44e ea.loCt, & Mary Maffia Birthday akairporeoese, Book Club Mary C.&corms, (46portio.~~

~~4c.~~

graphs, spreadsheet data and four-year projec- Graphics Galore tions. End-of-year discard reports, with complete listings of monies necessary for replacements. Memos with unique graphics spurted out of Purchase orders from databases, complete with the Mac like rain. Notices home took on a notes, ISBN numbers and itemized costs. Trans- greater sense of humor and style (Figure 2). parencies to make the teaching of skills easier. Thank-you notes became works of art, from There were things coming out of the library someone with absolutely no artistic talent. office that had been impossible five years earlier. (Figure 3) Coupons for special treats came Now we were rolling! A few public domain flowing out. (Figure 4) fonts and graphics, a little help fromSuperPaint Awards and special notes (Figure 5), printed andMacGalleryand new uses came to mind. on parchment paper, took on a new formality. A Every year, for example, our Parent Teacher four-color ribbon added a decorative border in Association raises money for library books by school green. Library volunteer custom certifi- encouraging parents to "adopt" a book on behalf cates were the envy of the school.

It started slowly.../Mary E. ()karma 57 72 The Library with the Mac was becoming a complicated courses. Perhaps in the dictionary, publishing center. Teachers, PTA volunteers and next to the definition of "user-friendly" they students have all taken a turn. Once they sit at should put a little picture of a Macintosh. that friendly little box, well, sometimes the A modem and communications software Librarian can't get to her own desk. It was, and added bulletin boards. The National Education

~~Fig. 4: With the Mac and graphics software, coupons, certificates, and other documents were possible for Shongum School library as promotional materials.~~

~~Maw 1-15 1989~~

is, a productive tool, producing high level graph- Association Bulletin Board (1-800-541-0816) in ics, notes and published material with, happily, Washington, D.C. provides the service to all little need to pour over a manual or attend current NEA members. Now, educators can talk

fig.5: Special awards and certifi- T , cates took ona whole new texture with color ribbons and parchment for students and their parents, by Yotirc 101tall virtue of the Mac's ability to syn- thesize graphics and text. 71w Holiday Boutique is just around the corner.We of the PTA would like to invite our teacfscrs to share in the excitement of the day.

~~Crafts RAIL 6e gratefully accepted, but are not the °WV way to help. 1.1 you can spare an hour or two on Saturday, December 2, to play "shopkeeper," please contact: Diane Sutton at 455-1537.~~

~~The kids love to see their teachers "out of context."~~

~~Please think about how you might be able to contribute to the success of the day.~~

~~Thanks!~~

58 LIBRARIES (3 7t) to other educators all over the country, helping Whether we want to or not, the personal com- each other discover creative solutions. When puter, be it Mac or Big Blue, is here. No longer funds become available, perhaps there is a can its contribution be denied, ignored ordele- CompuServe in the future, or other such service. gated to the trivial. The ideas discussed here are merely scratches on the surface of the mirror of possibilities. Given time, funds and creative Key Word: Possibilities discussions among colleagues, there is no doubt that amazing realities will come to pass. Maybe We have seen the steady march of the com- that HyperCard stack for the Newberry and puter turn into a downhill torrent. Each day, Caldecott books will finally come to fruition. And information on new software, hardware and a File Maker database for our audio-visualsoft- technological advances inundates our mailboxes. ware will produce printed catalogs for staff and Faxes, laser disc/computer combinations, CD- students. ROM drives, electronic encyclopedias and other The question is no longer "What are you magical devices hold within the possibilities of going to use it for," but "How did we ever get new growth., new ideas and new ways of using along without it." the computer. Our libraries will never again be the simple Consider the possibilities.* file, card, and book repositories of the Sixties.

Mary E. Okarma has been employed by the Randolph Townshii., New Jersey schools since 1971. She was an elementary classroom teacher for eleven of those years, and a librarian since 1982, earning a Master of letters from Drew Univers;ry in 1984, and a Master of library Service from Rutgers in 1987. Currently, Mary is assigned to the

~~Shongum Elementary School us Educational Media Specialist. She was awarded the New~~

~~Jersey Teacher Recognition Grant, with which she "Macintoshed" her library office.~~

~~Mail will reach her at Shongum School Media Center~~

~~West Hanover Avenue Randolph, NJ 07869 Phone: (201) 895-7194 Fax: (201) 328-2797~~

~~It started slowly.../Mary E. Okarma 59 \/PELICA~~

~~ibraryry 11 nstruction Project by Joan. Parker~~

~~Brief History~~

The HyperCard Library Instruction Project (HLIP) was established after a series of discussions concerning the rapid prolifera- tion of HyperCard-based library tours. 'There was the real possibility that enthusiastic librarians would each independently begin developing stacks covering library instruction, duplicating their efforts in inventing similar routines. Harriet Talan of the J. Paul Leonard Library of San Francisco State University shared my concern that many potential developers were

60 macintoshedLIBRARIESe3 75 not able to communicate or share the fruits oftheir labors. Ulti- mately, librarians would spend valuable time developing whathad already been developed. Much to our surprise, we both agreed that something should be done and we would be willing tospend the time and effort to spearhead such a project. Weeks were spent compiling guidelines for computer-aided instruction (CAI), interface design and software development; writing a philosophy of the project; and gathering all the necessary documentation for future project members. We agreed that all stacks, or modules, should be developed by teams with at least two stages of testing and development. The next step was toplace a call for volunteers. At present we have24 developers and 28 evaluators from the United States, Canada and Australia working on HLIP modules. (Figure 1)

Fig. 1: HyperCard library Instruction Project Modules are being developed in a variety of subjects and for a wide range of purposes within outoment SOL isAutryindas DoconwrasI Ci:ghulalZ IModules libraries by 24 developers from the U.S., General Canada, and Australia. These stacks follow de- Research Strategy Print Indexes Ready Refererce Newspaper Ire Search StrategyI Boolean Logy Biology signs and guidelines agreed upon by members Almanacs Citation Business Atlases Electronic Indexes Chemistry Bioraphies of the HyperCard Library Instruction Project. Education DicgtorafesEncycbpedias Engineering Directories United States History Handbooks Religion Reviews United Nations Statistics

~~Card Gabs% OPACS Library of Congress Subject Headings~~

The first HLIP meeting was held in the summer of 1990 at San Francisco State University. It was devoted to adoptingstandards, guidelines and criteria for the design of stacks. A project template was designed, tested, approved anddistributed to stack developers in late 1990. (Figure 2) Several meetings have been held since that time at theApple Library in Cupertino. The next step in the project will be to obtain feedback. Each team is assigned one or more evaluators who have agreed to test each module using librarians and students, record any problems, comments or observations,and report to the developers. The first evaluation stage occurred inMay 1991, with an anticipated release of the full project in Fall 1992.

~~Protect Philosophy~~

~~Many of us involved in this Project participate directly inlibrary instruction. We know the importance of reaching as many users as~~

The HyperCard Library Instruction Project/JoanParker 61 76 possible with as many instructional methods as libraries can make available. (see HLIP Statement below) HLIP will provide an optional way of learning library skills. Each module is an interactive, computer-aided-instruction lesson with clearly stated objectives. The modules are designed to maximize flexibility and may be modified for the needs of each institution. HLIP is a non-commercial project, relying on volunteer time and efforts. We believe that stacks should be widely available at a nominal price. At

Fig. 2: A sample draft menu from a HUP Mod- Ready Reference Sources ule for Ready Reference Sources provides a view of the basic format, with navigational introduction chokes and a straightforward, uncluttered Framing your Question screen design. Types of Reference Source

~~Have you Ever Wondered...~~

~~Click twice oo one of Ow loon choices above. ICI lupl co I~~

present we are looking at academic courseware distributors and the Apple Library Users Group as possible channels for distribution. The fruit of this Project will be most valuable if it reaches the largest possible audience, both in terms of those developing HyperCard stacks in libraries, and patrons. Only the future will determine if the efforts of this group in standard- izing stack design produce new tools in bibliographic instruction that are both informative and intuitive.*

~~11111111111111112111 1111111111111111111111MIIMINNI~~

~~HYPERCARDLIBRARY INSTRUCTION PROJECT Statement of Purpose and Philosophy~~

HLIP's Statement of Purpose and The HyperCard Library Instruction Project was established in May Philosophy essentially outlines a 1990 to develop an integrated and standardized set of instructional modules that offer a core of basic library skills primarily oriented to program for developing library skills the post-secondary school adult library user. for patrons, using a basic set of These modules provide an optional way of learning library skills agreed-upon standards for manipu- and can significantly enhance the learning process for users who are lating HyperCard as framework. seeking to learn basic introductory techniques, refreshers, remedia- tion, or more sophisticated subject search strategies. The modules may be assigned by teaching faculty, assigned by librarians in structured teaching situations as an adjunct to other modes of instruction, recommended by librarians in the frequent situations in which they have only a very limited time to spend with individual users, or Incorporated into a library skills workbook program. Module development is based upon the most current computer- based learning design guidelines and will emphasize interactivity,

~~62 UBRARIES 77 f~~

self-paced individualized learning, and thorough testing ofthe modules. The project is collective because designing and creating computer- assisted instructional materials is extremely time consuming.The modules are standardized in order to facilitate their collaborative development, to allow the end user to move from one module to another with ease, and to permit adoption by a variety of institutions. HyperCard is an appropriate authoring tool because it is easy to learn for development purposes and gives moduleimplementation a relatively extensive base in libraries.Librarians wishing to adapt stack may do so without mastering HyperCard's scriptinglanguage. Libraries can modify the modules, adapting and tailoring them to their own environments. Modules may, for example, bemodified in the following ways: combined and put on high densitydiscs; converted to IBM format; incorporated with more high-endsoftware such as multi-media animation products, CD-ROM orinteractive video. Modules are distributed to libraries that want to use them. HLIP, a non-commercial project, cannot function as a distribution agency; it seeks an appropriate distributor of academic courseware thatmakes HLIP products available at the most modest charge. Libraries orother agencies that use these modules are asked to preservethe credits to HLIP and the original developers.

~~Adopted Thursday, July 27,1990~~

****O ***** loan Parker(shown below), when not galloping Fan mail addressed to her should be sent to: Fax: (213) 985-1703 off into the sunset, is Life Sciences librarian at the University library Bitnet:imp@calstate.bitnet University library, California State University, long 1250 Bellflower Blvd. Internet: [email protected] Beach. She's still looking for a good portable cellularCalifornia State University, Long.B, phone she can attach to her steed's saddle. Long Beach, CA 90840 wy Phone: (213) 985-2439

~~-0 ,~~

~~`43t.14.4'4 `:~~

~~4 141 V/ "*;54.4'~~

Harriet Talon,loan's co-conspirator on KIP, J. Paul Leonard library Telephone: (415) 338-2132 may be reached at 1600 Holloway Fax: (415) 338-6199 San Francisco State University Bitnet: [email protected] San Francisco, CA 94132

~~The HyperCard Library Instruction Project/loan Parker 63 78 (lW I LE_ r 0 STO WORRYING... ILAD Mum Miami tams -3~~

et me start out with a small 143 lrGI confession: until a few months ago, I never really considered the Macintosh 117)GI C:sf f to be a "real" computer. Oh, sure, it was fine for desktop publishing and graphics, and as a beginning step for computer-phobes. But for day-to-day word processing, spreadsheets, and data management, you needed a PC.

64 macintoshed UBRAR1ES 79 Okay, so I was wrong. enough to just sit down at the computer and try to figure out why it was or What changed my mind? Well, in was not working, I became a sortof September, 1990 I got a new job as computer guru. This eventually led to Microcomputer Services Librarian, at my current position as Microcomputer Simmons College in Boston, Massa- Services Librarian at Simmons, where I chusetts. met the Mac. First, a little background informa- Now, I was very up front when I tion. The Simmons College Library took this job: I had never really used a houses both a Microcomputer Lab andMacintosh. However, everyone, includ- Classroom. Currently, the Lab has 12 ing myself, didn't think that would be Macintosh SE computers with hard a problem. After all, the Mac is de- disks and dual floppy drives, and 12 signed to be easy to use. (old) Compaq Portables with dual floppy drives (360K) and a 20 Mb Hard Card. The classroom has 12 Whatdo you mean, I have to use the mouse?! Macintosh 512Ks with dual single-side floppy drives, and 12 Compaq Porta- I found myself scheduled to teach a bles with dual floppy drives. With the MacWrite workshop the second week exception of the SEs, all of our equip-after I started my new job. I had to ment is woefully outdateddare we learn the Mac fast. It didn't take me say ancient? We are hoping for some too long to get the hang of opening grant money to upgrade and expand and closing windows, clicking and both the Lab and Classroom. double clicking on those sometimes- And what about my background, too-cute icons, and discarding, or you ask. The first time I used a throwing away, files. Okay, so I still computer was in Library School, way get a kick put of the way the garbage back in 1985-86, when 256K memory can gets fat when I throw away a was a lot. We had a Lab with both particularly useless, yet long, memo. I IBM and Zenith computers. One of felt ready to tackle MacWrite. my Professors actually (gasp) required Of course, since we only have us to use the computer to type our 512Ks in the classroom, I must teach term papers. I have to admit, after I the old version of MacWrite, 4.5. used a word processor to write and Imagine the culture shock. I'd been revise my papers, I vowed to never using WordPerfect 5.0. I don't need to use a typewriter again. know how to spell, the program has a I won't bore you with the details ofspell-checker. Well, I do have a dictio- my post Library School escapades. nary, so we're not talking a realdisas- Suffice it to say that, besides being ter here. But I did have a little trouble overworked and underpaid, I got to getting used to the mouse. While my play with computers. I started out brain kept going: Function Keys, slow with Apple Ire/IIgs, where I was Arrows, MacWrite insisted on going: introduced to that wonderful arch- Click, Drag. It was not love at first criminal, Carmen Sandiego. Then I sight. moved up to the "big time," Compaq After a lot of trial and error, and Desk Pro and IBM PS/2s, Since I was error, and error, I got the hang of usually the only one brave (or foolish)using the menus, and selecting large

How I Learned to Stop Worrying.../BarbaraPassoff 65 80 amounts of text. I still have a little me I have to visit the Dentist; I'm not trouble selecting just one letter. I can't convinced). I think it was a few days tell you how many times I've wanted after teaching a particularly grueling to feed my mouse to my cats. Life has Lotus workshop that I received a free improved since the software fairy left copy of Wingz. I remember looking at me a copy of Microsoft Word 4.0, the disks and thinking: "Oh, how cute, which allow you to use the arrow a baby spreadsheet. I wonder what it keys, and function keys if you have can do." Well, that sealed my fate. them. Of course, I'm using a Mac Plus, Admittedly, I don't do anything and I don't know what possessed the really fancy with my spreadsheets, just keyboard designer to place the arrow basic budgeting, and maybe a few keys in such an inhuman pattern. I graphs. So, I gave Wingz a try, and, often find myself covetously glancing frankly, I couldn't believe I was using at the Media Center's SE/30, with its a spreadsheet. I could clearly see each extended keyboard, complete with cell. I could change both column and function keys, and a normal arrow row sizes. I could change fonts and keypad. To add insult to injury, they sizes as easily as in a word processor. also have a wonderful trackball. Creating a graph is a simple as clicking Although MacWrite is far from the on the chart icon, selecting the data, perfect word processor. It is a good and placing the graph on the sheet. I introduction to the Mac: simple, and was in love. straightforward. Students can learn to use it well with a minimal amount of training. Plus, I have yet to meet It's awfully lonely over here someone who doesn't enjoy playing around with fonts. Ah, yes, fonts. The I could no longer deny it. I liked to ease and fun that goes along with use the Mac! changing fonts on a Mac was really the first thing that broke through my PC I know I'm not the only one who prejudice. Sure, you can change fonts feels this way. Many times I walk into in a WordPerfect document, but doing the lab and find people waiting to use it is a pain, not a joy. And I was a Mac while most, if not all, the Corn- beginning to realize that Word 4.0 paqs sit unwanted, lonely and forlorn. does everything that WordPerfect 5.0 Sometimes I feel like I've walked into does, and my final results always look that Apple ad where the Boss looks better when I use the Mac. out his window at the department's two computers, one an idle IBM, the second a busy Mac, which has people ANOW arrival... waiting to use it. The Boss' chief Toady comes in and asks Mr. Big; But I'm a stubborn person. I'm not what he's doing. "I'm trying to see going to give up PCs that easily. I still which computer is the most powerful." need Lotus. I never loved using Lotus, The toady answers with some silly but I always assumed that using a computer jargon, but the Boss dis- spreadsheet was akin to visiting your agrees. "I think it's the one people Dentist. You don't like to do it, but use," Mr. Big says. And I'm beginning you have to (at least my husband tells to think that's the truth.

66 UBRARIESI!3 81 I've been known to go a whole my hands on Windows. Yet, I know week without even turning on my when I get it, I'll be wondering if it's Compaq. Still, I'm not quite ready to as good as my Mac. And this from the give up on PCs. My Boss has prom- woman who, just 5 months ago, thought ised me a new 386 machine with a the Mac was little more than a toy! tt color monitor, and I can't wait to get

Barbara Passoff isMicrocomputerServices librarian at Simmons College in J'" Boston, Mass. She spends much of her day trying to resurrect dead and dying computers (PCs and Macs) in the Microcomputer lab and Classroom. Mail will

~~find its way to:~~

~~Simmons College ij 300 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115 Phone: (6 7) 738-3255/2243 Bitnet: Przoff@Babson~~

~~How I Learned to Stop Worrying.../BarbaraPassoff 67 R2 Reach Out And TN()eAt Someone: (or How I found happiness in sleepless nights on the Fidonet)~~

~~&z:a "sAcza~~

nformation is a very valulble possession these days. In libraries, we try to give free and ripen access to all. Sadly, we are often limited in the proximity in which we can exchange information. I can hand you a book or tell you who won the Grammy for the bestcon- temporary folkLibum(Shawn Colvin"Steady On", in case you're interested). But how do I share information with an individual across the country or around the globe? Especially if we've never met, how do I make that connection in the first place?

68 macintoshedUBRARIU 83 Telecommunications save the day to route through the net. There are even reach anyone any where. With almost anyhooks to send messages into UUCP and type of computer and a modem, I can CompuServe, these can sometimes take connect to any number of online resourc- over a week to arrive. es. Many of these are very interactive. Why, if this is so much slower than The BIG players include CompuServe, "the competition", do I like it so much? I GEnie, America Online, Apple Link, have three reasons. First, from a sociolog- Dialog, the Internet, and Fidonet; but ical and subjective perspective, excellent there are many smaller systems. Some of people hang out on Fidonet. They don't these like The WELL, The Point tnd Easy have to have an expensive computer SAAbre have gateways from other online system or work for a big corporation or systems to make them more accessible go to a huge university. They justhave to around the globe. care enough to get involved and have very minimal hardware. I daresay, you could do communicate on Fidonet with a Fidouet $150 TRS -100 if you wanted to. Secondly, from an economic stand- Fidonet is an international network of point, Fidonet is essentially free. Some over 10,000 computer systems that con- bosses charge a small fee to defray their nect to send netrnail (private email) and costs, but nothing like the big networks Echomail (public discussion groups). In charge. It is almost unbelievable to me addition, files can sometimes be request- that a group of over 10,000 amateurs ed over the network and there are often have agreed on something as involved as local discussion groups as well. Fidonet Fidonet. They put in an incredible invest- communications protocols were devel- ment of time and equipment and have oped in 1984 by Torn Jennings and they truly earned my respect. If you get in- allow hardware and software of many volved with Fidonet, make sure that you different types to participate in the net- treat it as the privilege. Information work. Our planet is divided into zones, shouldn't belong only to the rich, but the zones have regions, regions are divided costs of providing it are inevitably borne into nets, and nets have hubs, hubs serve by someone. I process typically around nodes, and nodes sometimes have points. 500 pieces of Fidonet mail a day and pay Points are sort of the electrons of the no connection charges whatsoever. I Fidonet universe. Thus my Fidonet couldn't afford to do that on Com- address is 1:260/328.10. The USA is in puServe. zone 1, my "boss" is node 328 off of hub 260 and I am point number 10. Fidonet is not a real time system like Coparakus CompuServe or the Internet. Mail and files are transported in and out of the Finally, the software Copernicusto local node (boss) during preset mail work on Fidonet is great. It is the point hours that connect it to its hub and they software that I use .o connect to my boss. find their way, bucket brigade fashion Copernicus runs totally unattended and across the net. I routinely exchange ideas allows me to process my mail in a frac- with net members in Australia and Ger- tion of the time that I would spend on many. There is a variable time delay any other system. Currently I receivemail though depending on how messages and news on CompuServe, America

Reach Out and Type at Someone/Alan Rowoth 69 84 Online, AppleLink, the WELL, and the install. Once configured, you won't have Internet) and I spend less time on the to interact with most of that information 75% of my mail that is Fidomail than the unless you switch bosses, buy a new other 25% across the other systems. Theremodem, or make a drastic change of is an offline system for CompuServe some other sort. A new version of Coper- called the Navigator. It greatly speeds nicus should be available soon which will mail and some file transfers, but limits meonly improve this fine program. in other ways from my use of the system. There are some interesting features In addition, CompuServe is limited locallybuilt into Copernicus. It has an address to 2400 baud and I can exchange data book to hold Fidonet addresses for all with my Fidonet boss at 14,400 baud. your private mail and an area menu that Many Fidonet boards have high speed routes your Echomail. It allows you to modems. simply request from and send files to your boss. Most of the rest is just navigat-

Fig 1: Mail received via Fidonet can AUTHOR SUBJECT DATE TIME S Ian Webb RE: Mail Order Internal Hard D 03/29/91 07:47:03 S.} be sorted with Copernicus by au- John Sceehcri Re: TrueType + You... imperfect 03/29/91 0111:33:04 Hike Steiner system 7. 03/29/91 22:05:53 Tr thor and subject, with date and Mike Steiner Running DOS 03/29/91 22:11:36 Mike Steiner Prodigy users 03/29/91 22:13:37 Mike Steiner Systee Softecre 03/29/91 22:20:03 time stamps affixed to each piece. Mike Steiner Interesting Noes 03/29/01 22:24:29 Mike Steiner Apple/MS lawsuit 03/29/91 22:29:17 Joseph Eimecnuel RE: The nee styleerlter Ink -j 03/30/91 14:11:57 John Russel RE:Fonts 03/30/91 15:30:19 Chip Old RE: Desktop Manager Again 03/30/91 00:40:18 Chip Old RE: Meyer Shut It Doer? 03/30/91 22:32:11 Chip Old Re: SE/30 vs licx 03/30/91 23:25:21 r'i Mike Taylor RE: Echo Hall question 03/28/91 22:11:23 IZ Mike Taylor White Knight 03/28/91 22:37:40 f ' Verne Prase FE: 3 x cnyfont 03/33/91 15:51:05 Jackie Tcnoka Word 4.0 Portrait i Landscape 03/30/91 11:52:36

Jason Hyerstay Re: ZOOM MCCCMS 03/30/91 22:36:00 Le 8111 Taylor Rutonodes 03/30/91 16:56:06 1' William Smears Re:'cliff' for the rAc? 03/30/91 11:32:37 . .L4 Boy Clay SoftPC 03/30/91 17:39:01 It Jason Ehrlich FF6. lb9 03/31/91 08:15:14 Jason Ehrlich Re: Counterpoint Mc Copernicu 03/31/91 08 :23:02

~~( Cancel ) Read (More) riticn~~

For me, the key is Copernicus. I am ing through the stacks of mail, reading, convinced that it is the cheapest, most replying, quoting, and sending new mail. trouble free way for a Macintosh owner (Figure 1) There aren't a lot of flashy to join the electronic community. The icons, but there are pull-down menus for software is inexpensive, and arrives on everything and most functions can be one floppy disk with an excellent 88 pagecontrolled with faster control-key combi- manual. The setup is pretty straightfor- nations once you get used to it. (Figure 2) ward with one caveat. You must have Actually, there is such a Spartan look to already found a Fidonet system that will Copernicus that someone could write a let you operate as a point off of it (This DOS software that ran just like it. Sadly, shouldn't be too difficult, as points are there is currently no good point software generally less trouble than real-time for IBM compatibles at present so those users). The sysop has to give you a bit of users are "bending" BBS and mailer information on your setuphis data software for the IBM to allow them to phone number, his Fidonet address, your point in. This appears to be beyond the point number, Echomail conferences that range of anything but a power communi- he subscribes to, and possibly some cations user and limits MS-DOS users to passwords. Copernicus' manual does an the slower, real time bulletin board excellent job of preparing you for the access. Most boards have access time

70 macintoshedUBRARIES 63 85 ceilings that would prevent the user from interested in the LIBRARY echo hosted by accessing anywhere near 500 pieces of Nancy Petersen and I also am a musician. mail a day, so their bandwidth is limited. Chris added 3 music conferences at my My average connect times are under 10 request MUSIC, MUSICSYN, and minutes unless I FREQ (File REQuest) andCD_ECHO. They have become very the subsequent offline processing of popular with other points. His system automatically deleting my old messages, also has echoes on cooking, sailing, and decompressing new ones, and delivering making your own beer.

Fig, 2:Copernicus,thesoftware driver for EditUtilitiesI:Hlra Fidonet, features menus for everything, with Read by Addressee...CT keyboard equivalents dearly marked as in this Read by Area... 3en example of the File menu. Read by Author... Read by Subject...

~~Post Net Mail... Post Echo Mail...~~

~~lose Save. Mot_~~

~~Edit Areas... Uiew Log 3CO Sequester MultiFinder~~

~~Quit agQ~~

them to their appropriate areas tends to A Personal view of telecommunications run me another 15 or 20 minutes. (Figure 3) I am usually asleep when it's happening, Every system has it's own strengths so that doesn't annoy me in the slightest. and weaknesses. CompuServe, America There are many Fidonet conferences, Online, GEnie, and Apple Link are faster most of which are winnowed by bosses ways to interact with most software for local consumption and demand. Manycompanies and receive software updates. of the national conferences appear on a They also have large file transfer areas. document called the "elist", but often Some pay services have online shopping hubs will have their own sub-. malls, travel agents, encyclopedias, and conferences, and bosses their own local stock brokers; but you pay for that interest groups. Chris Zazzara, my boss, convenience. They are tied to a lot of old currently carries 15 national echoes, 6 hardware (slow modems, clunky hub echoes, and 8 local groups. / am verycomputers with limited filenames arid less

Reach Out and Type at Someone/Alan Rowoth 71 8C than state of the art transfer protocols) have mentioned will only become easier and they are slow to upgrade, but the and less expensive. general level of electronic services has Apple's Communications Toolbox improved greatly. IBM and Sears have bodes well for us. A set of building block collaborated on a low cost system called routines for communication software Prodigy. People complain bitterly about programmers, it is integral to System 7. I Prodigy being slow and clogged with the hate having to have Copernicus and commercial messages that help keep the Micro Phone and CIS Navigator and the

Fig. 3: Filesare transferred automatically on Copernicus. This Please enter the file name, and the password of the file you dialog box manages the transfer by want. If the file is not password protected do NOT enter a password, just leave the password box blank. If you have specifying files and passwords from spelled the file name correctly, you should get the file during the local boss or manager of the your next call to your boss node. neighborhood node on Fidonet. FILE NAME:Inewfilesi

~~PASSWORD:~~

~~( Cancel) (IOkayit)~~

~~Your boss may have a file named TILES' which is a list of the files that you may request from the boss system.~~

cost down. I haven't been able to AOL software and AppleLink all cluttering preview Prodigy because of problems I'veup my communications folder. Perhaps had with their Mac telecommunications the Communications Toolbox will cut software. Some are fans of Prodigy in partdown on all of this digital repetition. because it is inexpensive but not as Where is all of this leading? I hope to cheap as Fidonet. an era where voice, data, and facsimile A new program for UUCP mail called communications can all be effectively uAccess from ICE Engineering that has managed and used, to quickly and many of the features of Copernicus. Due inexpensively shuttle information to those to the complex nature of UUCP, I believe who seek it. Bandwidth and speed will it is more complicated than Copernicus. go up, costs will go down, and Also, you have to have an acccunt on a compression techniques will squeeze UUCP host. Inexpensive dial-in access to sound and graphics into manageable the Internetat a variety of different hunks. Standardized data formats and levelsis being provided by a new interfaces will yield portability across company called Performance Systems platforms. Individually tailored user International. They are still priced out of profiles will send "knowbots" scurrying reach of most individuals, but even small around the networks scanning for the companies may find great advantage in must useful tidbas while we devote our their services. In the future, the National time to compiling, analyzing, and sharing Research and Education Network (NREN) the accumulation of our efforts. Your may provide a high speed backbone for participation can only help speed that many different networks to speed their progression. international data transfer. Future inter- connectivity between all of the services I See you online!*

~~72 UBRARILS 87 Alai Rowoth, shown here in a feat of prestidigitation, is a Li-~~

e e e /1. 4 e / bra:), Media Specialist at the Liverpool Public Library. He is the kind e t,;,;. 'e person who needs an alarm clock to tell him it's time to go to bed. ; t '4111 4S44 t A muskion and avid musk collector, he will buy anything round with a hole in the middle. He truly believes that food isn't sea- ! , , Ajar ."..." , soned properly unless it is painful to eat.

' ?c 1 Fidonet: 260/328.10 i %If He can be contacted at: .4 Liverpool Public library CompuServe: 73775,1216 310 Tulip Street Internet: arowoth@well.uucp Liverpool, NY 13088-4997 Bitnet erk05@suvin Phone: (315) 457-0310 Amerka AlanRowoth Fax: (315) 453-7867 Applelink: UG0314

~~Reach Out and Type at Someone/Alan Rowoth 73 88 Devellopment Platform :for Tomorrow's Information Rich Environ.ment~~

he University of Southern California Library's five-year automation plan recognizes the stra- tegic importance of the recent emergence and explosive growth in the area of online indices, information tools, and full-text databases. A number of online information resources are available today. A significant number of com- rnercial vendors already provide these resources to campuses and other organizations for local use and direct end-user consumption. Accompanying the growth of commercially-available information resources John Waiblinger

74 macintoshedLIBRARIES 8 has been a parallel explosion in the still larger audience of academics, kinds and amount of public domain researchers, commercial users, and the resources and services under develop- general public. Concurrent with na- ment by a broad array of government tional and commercial developments, agencies, non-profit organizations, andat the local campus level additional individual authors and software devel- information resources and technologies

Fig. 1: Services mailable on USCInfo include Welcemo toSCAM° three different campus information services Homer the USC Library Online Catalog as shown on this screen. ... provides en online Heti rig of all the beaks, auelinisuel nesteriels, microform', mvernmeM liememMe added le 1M UK libraries WWI 1978 mai rimy preview verb. Periodical Databases ... provide wearied:el IMndnp far imprint), journals end newspapers. TMes 'debase, each updated resulerl y, avers vide variety el topics. 1=wwww Gamut Darwin NY. lists ef ail jeureals 1 Mead in the entire tittaimme. SINIOPETIMI

~~Campus Information armless online acmes le USD amnia information TM USC Campus Telephoto Directory is currently available Nee campus informetien services will be adead in tM *maim beer~~

opers. Much of this material is now are being both acquired and devel- increasingly available through various oped in-house and made available to electronic distribution networks such the campus community. Taken to- as Bitnet, Internet as well as commer- gether, these developments help to cial distribution networks like create a "user community" that is more

~~Fig. 2: The USCInfo Periodical Database~~

service includes 14 different databases. The 818 All Deebeses 0 Arta&tharenitles 0 ilienweicel Sciences oBusinees&IrAustfli database selection screen provides two 0 Georg interest 0 SciemsbTschnsleall o Wel Sciences AIAAgE VIIAPIAT1001 methods of viewing the available periodical 5E11E7 A DAIADASI Applied Science & Technology index databases: Ability to view all databases in Art Index alphabetical order or the ability to list data- Computer Database General Science Index bases by broad subject category. When a Humanities Index Library Literature database is selected, a brief description of its area of subject coverage is provide at the bottom of the screen. Nom IPESIODOCAL I CA11/011 PART crokoii /DATABASES/ INFO SAVED MCISAVEDEDKIIC Qui. I

CompuServe. In addition, there is knowledgeable about and increasingly increasingly "local" activity on regional eager to have access to these resources BBSs. The proposed high speed NREN and services. will serve as a catalyst for develop- USC's top priority is to create a ment and delivery of yet a richer and single, online information system that broader array of materials serving a offers public access to a wide selection

USCInfo/John Waiblinger 75 90 of information resources and services Remote document request and in short, to provide a gateway to an delivery capabilities; "information rich" environment for Indices and guides to Image students, faculty, and staff in the USC Databases; community. We have identified the Image delivery; and following information services as key Knowledge management tools, components of the online campus including system tutorials, expert information system under development system navigational tools, data and at USC: information manipulation tools, etc. Online Catalog of library holdings, USC has begun to lay the founda- including circulation status tion for delivery of these services information; through USCInfo, the university's integrated campus information system. Specialized subject area (Figure 1) bibliographic databases, indices, and publications;

~~Fig. 3: The Search Constructor seen is avail- llorner Search Constructor~~

able in and used to construct searches in all 5111(1 MARCII IYP(Usk fervent(*) anywhere in record. Nit hard 0 Author 0 Exact Title 0 Title Words START theUSCInfoservices. While each of the °Reber/Title Co SubjeCi SEARCH CLEAR USCInfoservices provides similar search SEARCH =i=1 SELECTIOINI features and search options, there are some ENOY PREVIOUS differences specific to the database being SEARCHES ACTIVATE searched. A user may choose to simply enter SUIT, PRMR11411 DisPILATED Find ALL N the verde above SEARCH search terms and use the system default 0 rind AT LEAST ONE if the words ohm 0 rind UN words shove ssstools PHRASE IIIESSESTPIN SOK search options, or use and explor addi- =ME Click es *Wee boxes to eat Loseseip IVIM set Mortal nor* tat tional features provided. Ws Atm set Ulmer, mow eat

~~PERIOOMAL CAMPUS PRINT OCArlitON) HOMER DATABASES INFO SAVED EEC SAVED EEC~~

Campus information files and USCInfo 2.0: The Current Publkly Available services including online Information System telephone listings, class schedules, event calendars, service In January 1990, USC began work- directories, etc.; ing on meeting its goal to create a Information about and access to single access, easy to use system for resources available on both local existing library bibliographic informa- and national networks; tion resources as well as planning for Commercially available full text the addition of campus information resources; files and resources to the system. The Numeric and "raw research data" Library Online Catalog (HOMER), 14 stored and available only in locally mounted periodical databases electronic form; (Figure 2) (see Appendix for details), Full-text versions of public domain and the campus telephone directory documents; were all consolidated on an IBM 3090 mainframe using the BRS Search

76 macintoshedUBRARILII 91 software. Providing and consolidating to host is via standard TCP/IP proto- the files was only the first step. Flow tocols, using MacTCP. Most importantly, make all of these different information every public access Macintosh in the resources easy to use for a potential all of the USC Libraries are able to university user population of about "see" and access all other hosts on 40,000 individu?ls and providing the both the campus, as well as the Inter-

Fig. 4: The user is provided information on Fillet di.1 the number of records retrieved by the Your starch found 72 records search and provided a short Author/Title list (prONSON vrOloi) of the retrieved citations. This list can easily be browsed backwards or forwards, and the "X` AUTHOR TITLE SAVED individual citation can be displayed by click- [1.Nell, Mery S. Getting funded : o complete No 2. The Pocket snippet 11111, ms ing on the desired record in the list. 3. *It, Hermes. TM ceneuitest's gulls to pr Ib SA 4. Krettwohl, David R. ts prepare a ruoMrch pr Ito ALL 5. Locke, Levrerce F. Propmels tMt vork s avid No 6. Cortez, Edwin M. Propose end contracts for Its 7. Gilpetrick, Eleanor C. Grote for nonprofit immix No O. KIM!, *rtm J. Proven pismires A prepaid No 9. Ralf-Lehrer, Elm*, 193 Writing duccessful erani e Its 10. Tepper, Ron, 1937- Iwo So vr161 visMrq prmsee No

~~HOMER PERIODICAL CAMPUS PRINT DOWSN.0 AO DATABASES IWO SAVEL: DEC SAVED RIC~~

proper access infrastructure was the net, networks. This provides the real challenge! capability for USCInfo to access addi- To meet this challenge, USC chose tional host systems, a planned system the Macintosh for access and Hyper- enhancement already under develop- Card as the interface development ment. tool. Pro :ding workstation based This workstation model has allowed access (instead of terminal access) to separation of the front end, user

~~Fig. 5:The Brief Record display is always Record. Display~~

provided first by the system; this display AUTHOR HOMER Mower provides the most important information Noll, Mary S. BrIeRsoord 0 eon we about the citation. From the Brief Record TITLE Avii.ut [ Getting funded : a complete guide le premise] writing / Mars S. Hell. 0 Bel*4* display. the user is able to also view Addi- RE LTURN TO IMPRINT /EDITION IST TO tional Information, Abstract (when avail- RECORDS Portiere!, Or. :Continuing Education Publicettene, Pertlerd Stets University, c19613. NETURS TO able), and library Holdings information. REARM SUIJECT TERMS CONSTRUCTOR

Edo:ellen -- UMW States -- firms:* -- liendbooka, ravioli, etc. RAVE Morel old I. education -- UMted States -- MeMiesb, rmnuslo, etc. TINS Proms& writing In ediamtles -- Welted Seim -- lisodiesek*, morals, RECORS sic.

~~moni sumo tors j CM 4112111 NW~~

~~HOME. PERIODICAL CAMPUS -"-IT DOSOKOAD DATAIIASES INFO SAVED DEC DAVID ICC 11.14~~

the mainframe system allowed for interface from the host. We have used installation of the proper network HyperCard to develop the user inter- environment in the Library. The Macin-face. Using HyperCard has allowed the tosh was easy to incorporate into the development of a graphically attrac- campus' standard network environ- tive, consistent, and easy to use inter- ment. All communication from the Macface to USCInfo's multiple information

USCInfokohn Waiblinger 77 resources. This should be evidentfrom ment for interface design. Theinterface the sample screens shown in Figure 3 was designed by a broad groupof and Figure 4. Users have found USCIn-librarians and programmers. Hyper- fo friendly and easy to use. We feel Card allowed the design environment this interface design has removed the to be iterative andinteractivescreens "computer" as an impediment to and screen features could easilybe system use. (Figure 5) The training designed, redesigned, and refined. sessions and individualized help This working environment created the provided by Reference Librarians now organizational links and exchanges so focuses on the intellectual aspects of necessary to success ofthe project. choosing the right resource and con- Finally, the time frame for concep- structing a good search rather than tualization of the system to its actual instruction on how to use and manipu-release for public use was only nine late (Figure 6) the computer. months. HyperCard provided the kind

~~Fig. 6: Throughout the search session, the File or Print Saved Records~~

user is able to "mark" records tobe One record has been saved during this search fission. PRINT Records are saved on the mein computer until the end of the SAVED RECORDS "SAVED" for later printing or downloading to session. Click to choose one of the following options: disk. This screen illustrates these features. PRINT SAVED RECORDS %Wu up to 50 records ata time can be printed. DELETE SAVED RECORO tIOVE SAVED RECORDS TO DISC( diskette. up to 200 records at a Urns can be copied to your TSEARCM SESSION DELETE SAVED RECORDS all the saved records are deleted nom the main computer

~~RETURN TO SEARCH SESSION your records remain on the main computer and youreturn to the search session. DOYOLDAO PERMS/CM. CAMPOS PRINT Ion KONEN DAT ABASES SAVED SEC SAVED SEC~~

this The Development Environment of tools and flexibility to make pace possible. Development and operation of The current USCInfo workstation USCInfo is a collaborative effort be- based access system provides and tween the University's Centerfor excellent foundation for future expan- Scholarly Technology, University sion and enhancement. Ourdevelop- Computing Services and University ment efforts have andwill continue to Library. Work on USCInfo has fostered focus on three key areas. organizational cooperation and individual interaction between these diverse groups and considerably User Interface expanded and enriched the Library's role, importance, and involvement in USC has begun, and continues, addressing the "information technolo- research into and development of gy" issues facing the campus. Useof sophisticated, yet easy to use naviga- HyperCard as the interface develop- tion, search/retrieval, and display ment tool, allowed anextremely interfaces. These tools must utilize new collaborative and participative environ-

aide. Mi.amma LIBRARIES 78 macintoshed 4 and increasingly powerful graphics full text based service is planned for and windowing capabilities now summer of 1991. available through workstation technology. Today, Library USCInfo access is provided via 126 Macintosh SE/30 Standards workstations using the power and graphics capabilities of HyperCard Network communication, data front end interface to access a large structure/data definition and client to selection of library resources and an server interface standards become initial campus information resource increasingly important as we tap a file. Major expansion of campus broader range of information resources information resource availability is and serve more and more users on planned for the summer of 1991. more and different systems. Incorpora- tion of developing 239.50 standards into the USCInfo system architecture

Fig. 7: Users are provided the ability to eas- Sugg5horis to impr ove US t of ily send suggestions and requests for system [wilo API you 7 owe, etc le only rev**yte wog s reply) we New: 4) Undo rgnneioes SUGGEST ODOS enhancements to the system developers 1 TO LIBRARY Phone: Greduete using this feature. rscultv Address: CASCO. 0Staff ENTER StILGIIONS

System Architecture and Infrastructure has been identified as a major focus point for future development efforts. USC has begun to build the appropriate local network structure and begun development of an appropriate Next Steps system architecture to support a distributed, client/server based infor- As the number of available elec- mation system. Today, Library USCInfotronic information resources continues access is provided through a worksta- to grow and diversify, new services tion to host based connection via and features will continue to be standard TCP/IP protocols on a high developed for USCInfo. Our current speed FDDI campus network. This Macintosh production and develop- basic construction will allow us to ment environment provides an ideal develop access to multiple information foundation for such continued growth. servers via the network through a This summer we will be conducting a common client interface. Connection major review and evaluation of the and access to a second information current interface (including evaluation host/server on the network providing aof the many comments we've received

USCInfollohn Waiblinger 79 14 via the online "Suggestion Box" featureshare the results of our Work with [Figure 7]) to both improve and add other institutions. We welcome oppor- new features to the USCInfo interface. tunities to discuss relevant methods for The Center for Scholarly Technology, sharing and applying our work to University Computing Services, and related development efforts at other University Library at USC would like toinstitutions.*

~~Appeedix~~

~~Available Periodkal Databases on USCInfo~~

~~The periodical databases available on USCInfo, each updated regularly, cover a wide variety of topics. Available databases are listed below in alphabetical order:~~

Applied Science & Technology Index - 1983 to present Art Index - 1984 to present Computer Database - 1986 to present (includes Abstracts) General Science Index - 1984 to present Humanities Index - 1984 to present library Literature - 1984 to present Magazine Index - 1983 to present Management Contents - 1986 to present (includes Abstracts) MEDLINE - 1980 to present (includes Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature, and International Nursing Index abstracts). Offered jointly by the Central library System and Health Sciences Libraries National Newspaper Index - 1981 to present for the following 5 newspapers: Christian Science Monitor, Los Angeles Times, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post PAIS 1972 to present (includes Public Affairs Information Service abstracts) PsycINFO1984 to present (includes Psychological Abstracts) Social Sciences Index - 1984 to present Trade & Industry Index - 1982 to present

John Waib linger is the Assistant University Librarian for Academic Information Services and Associate Director, Center for Scholarly Technology at the University of Southern California. He has primary overall responsibility for

~~management of the USCInfo Development process.~~

~~John can be reached as follows: Other principal managers of the USCInfo Project are: Karl Geiger, Manager of Decision & Information System, University Computing Services~~

University of Southern California Internet [email protected] Doheny Memorial library, DML-300 Bill Scheding, Director Software Development, Center for Scholarly Technology Los Angeles, CA 90089-0182 Internet: [email protected] Phone: (213) 740-2930 Chris Sterback, Manager, Bibliographic Information Services, University library Fax: (213) 749-1221 Internet: [email protected] Bitnet: [email protected] Lucy Wegner, Head library Automation Development, Center for Scholarly Technology Internet: [email protected] Internet: [email protected]

~~80 11.111RARIES 9) VENDOR INDEX~~

~~The following is a listing of the vendors of hardware and software products mentioned in these pages:~~

ABC News Interactive Apple Link Optical Data Corp. Apple Share 30 Technology Drive, P.O. Box 4919 AppleTalk Warren, NJ 07060 Communications Toolbox (800) 524-2481 Image Writer II Election 88 LaserWriter LaserWriter II Aldus Corp. LaserWriter IINT 411 First Street South LaserWriter Plus Seattle, WA 98104-2871 Lisa (206) 622-5500 Lisa Office PageMaker LocalTalk Macintosh American Airlines Macintosh 512K P.O. Box 619616, Mail Drop 1373 Macintosh Classic Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, TX 75261 Macintosh II (817) 540-6950 Macintosh Ilcx (800) 331-2690 Macintosh Ilfx Easy SAAbre Macintosh Plus Macintosh Portable American Psychological Association Macintosh SE 1400 N. Uhle St. Macintosh SE/30 Arlington, VA 22201 MacTerminal (703) 247-7829 (800) 336-4980 Aries Systems Corp. PsycINFO 79 Boxford Street North Andover, MA 01845 Apple Computer, Inc. (617) 689-9334 20525 Mariani Avenue Knowledge Server Cupertino, CA 95014 (408) 996-1010 Association for Educational Apple II Communications and Technology Apple Ilc 1126 16th St., N.W. Apple Ile Washington, DC 20036 Apple Ilgs (202) 466-4780 Apple Personal Modem AECT Apple Scanner AppleCD SC Broderbund Software, Inc. Dialog Information Services, Inc. 17 Paul Drive 3460 Hillview Dr. San Rafael, CA 94903 Palo Alto, CA 94304 (415)492-3500 (415)858-2700 (800)521-6263 (800)334-2564 Print Shop Dialog

BRS Information Technologies Digital Equipment Corp. A division of Maxwell Online, Inc. Maynard, MA 01754-2571 1200 Route 7 (800) 343-4040 Latham, NY 12210 VAX (518) 783-1161 VAX Server (800) 345-4277 BRSSearch Dream Maker Software 7217 Foothill Blvd. Caspr Tujunga, CA 91042 2011 Stevens Creek Blvd., Ste.270 (800) 876-5665 Cupertino, CA 95014 Mac Gallery (800) 852-2777 Mac Library System (MLS) Fox Software, Inc. 118 W. South Boundary Claris Perrysburg, OH 43551 5201 Patrick Henry Drive (419) 874-0162 Box 58168 FoxBase+/Mac Sani.a Clara, CA 95054 (800) 544-8554 Freesoft Corp. (408) 987-7000 105 McKinley Road AppleWorks Beaver Falls, PA 15010 File Maker ll (412) 846-2700 File Maker Plus Red Ryder HyperCard Mac Draw II GCC Technologies, Inc. MacWrite ll 580 Winter St. Waltham, MA 02154 Compaq Computer Corp. (800) 422-7777 20555 State Highway 249 Ultra Drive Houston, TX 77070 (713) 370-0670 General Electric Information Servi-!s (800) 231-0900 401 N. Washington St. Compaq Desk Pro Rockville, MD 20850 Compaq Portable (301) 340-4000 (800) 638-9636 CompuServe, Inc. GEnie 5000 Arlington Centre Blvd. Columbus, OH 43220 (800) 848-8199 (614) 457-0802 Navigator

82 97 UBRARIES IBM -orp. National Education Association 1133 Westchester Ave. 1201 16th Street, NW White Plains, NY 10604 Washington, DC 20036 (800) IBM-2468 (202) 833-4000 IBM 3090 NEA Bulletin Board IBM PC IBM PS/2 National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Information Access Co. Bethesda, MD 20209 362 Lakeside Drive (301) 496-6193 Foster City, CA 94404 MEDLINE (415) 378-5000 MeSH (800) 227-8431 Computer Database Novell, Inc. Trade & Industry Index 122 East 1700 South Magazine Index Provo, UT 84606 Management Contents (801) 379-5900 National Newspaper Index (800) 526-5463 Novell Kinetics Fast Path Informix Software, Inc. 4100 Bohannon Dr. OCLC Online Computer Library Menlo Park, CA 94025 Center, Inc. (415) 322-4100 6565 Frantz Road (800) 331-1763 Dublin, OH 43017-0702 Wingz (614) 764-6000 OCLC Library Interface Systems, Inc. 7900 International Drive, Suite 632 Pacer Software, Inc. Bloomington, MN 55425 7911 Herschel Avenue (612) 854-2189 La Jolla, CA 92037 (800) 234-5183 (619) 454-0565 Mac Book II Plus PacerLink

~~Lotus Development Corp. Platinum s.a. 55 Cambridge Parkway 90, rue de Miromesnil Cambridge, MA 02142 75008 Paris, France (617) 253-9150 (1) 45 63 36 62 Lotus 1-2-3 Biblio-Tech~~

Microsoft Corp. Prodigy Services, Inc. One Microsoft Way 445 Hamilton Ave. Richmond, WA 98052-6399 White Plains, NY 10601 (206) 882-8080 (800) 822-6922, ext.205 Microsoft Excel Prodigy Microsoft Power Point Microsoft Windows Microsoft Word Microsoft Works

Vendor Index 83 98 Public Affairs Information Service, Serenity Partners Inc. P.O. Box 3058 521 West 43rd St. 2201 Oyster Bay Lane New York, NY 10036-4396 Gulf Shores, AL 36542 (212) 736-6629 (205) 968-8165 (800) 288-PAIS Computer Assisted Library Management PAIS (CALM)

~~Quantum Computer Services, Inc. Shiva Corp. 8619 Westwood Center Dr. 1 Cambridge Center Vienna, VA 22182 Cambridge, MA 02142 (800) 227-6364, ext.5276 (617) 252-6300 America Online Net Modem~~

Quark, Inc. Silicon Beach Software 300 S. Jackson St., #100 9770 Carroll Center Rd., Suite J Denver, CO 80209 San Diego, CA 92126 (800) 356-9363 (619) 695-6956 (303) 934-2211 Super Paint QuarkXPress Silver Platter Information, Inc. Radio Shack 37 Walnut St. 700 One Tandy Center Wellesley Hills, MA 02181 Ft. Worth, TX 76102 (617) 239-0306 (817) 390-3549 MacSpirs TRS-1 00 Software Design Radius, Inc. P.O. Box 12016 1710 Fortune Drive Des Moines, IA 50312-2016 San Jose, CA 95131 (515) 279-9650 (408) 434-1010 Copernicus Radius Full Page Display System Software Ventures Corp. The Research Libraries Group, Inc. 2907 Claremont Ave., Suite 220 1200 Villa St. Berkeley, Cl. 94705 Mountain View, CA 94041-1100 (800) 336-6477 (415) 962-9951 Micro Phone RUN Sony Corp. Richmond Software Corp. Sony Drive P.O. Box 1744 Park Ridge, NJ 07656 Roswell, GA 30077 (800) 222-SONY (800) 222-6063 Videodisc players Mac the Librarian Telebase Systems, Inc. Right On Programs 763 W. Lancaster Ave. 755-S New York Ave. Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 Huntington, NY 11743 (215) 296-2000 (516) 424-7777 (800) 841-9553 On-Line Mac Catalog EasyNet

$14 macintoshedriTrrrr-nnt Texas Instruments TheWELL P.O. Box 202230 27 Gate Five Road Austin, TX 78720 Sausalito, CA 94965 (800) 527-3500 (415) 332-4335 Texas Instruments terminals The WELL (Whole Earth lectronic Link)

Ungermann-Bass, Inc. H.W. Wilson Co. 3900 Freedom Circle 950 University Ave. Santa Clara, CA 95054 Bronx, NY 10017 (408) 496-0111 (212) 697-8400 (800) 873-6381 (800) 367-6770 Net One Applied Science & Technology Index Art Index U.S. Department of Education General Science Index Office of Educational Research and Humanities Index Improvement Library Literature ERIC Processing and Reference Facility Social Sciences Index 2440 Research Blvd., Suite 550 Rockville, MD 20850 WordPerfect Corp. (301) 656-9723 1555 N. Technology Way ERIC Orem, UT 84057 (801) 225-5000 Upper Broadway Bodega (800) 451-5151 c/o Ann Bevilacqua WordPerfect Box 855 Manchester, CT 06040 Zenith Data Systems (203) 647-8104 1501 Feehanville Dr. Research Assistant Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 (708) 699-4800 Voyager Corp. (800) 553-0331 1351 Pacific Coast Highway Zenith computers Santa Monica, CA 90401 (800) 443-2001 (800) 446-2001 Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD Companion National Gallery of Art

~~Vendor Index 85 100 INDEX~~

A LaserWriter Plus2 Aarhus School of Business33, 37 Lisaxiii, xiv Economics Faculty33 Lisa Officexiii Faculty of Modem Languages33, 34 LocalTalk2, 5, 6, 9 Department of Computational Macintoshxiii, xv, 33, 34, 37, 92 Linguistics34, 37 Macintosh 512K65 Libraryii,ix, 33, 37 Macintosh Classic6 ABC News Macintosh II2,5,14 Election 88x, 45, 46 Macintosh IIfx17 academic libraries 1,11, 19, 23, 32, Macintosh Plus 2,6,66 33, 37, 64, 67, 74, 80 Macintosh Portable93 AccuWare Business Solutions Macintosh SEx, xi, 2, 3, 8, 20, 22, Resource Librarian25 42, 44, 46, 50, 65 acquisitions41, 57 Macintosh SE/30xii, 66, 79 administrative computing20 MacTerminalxiv Adobe Systems, Inc. TrueType 93 PostScript93 Apple Library Users Groupxiii, xiv, 62 Type 193 Apple Teaching Fellows92, 93 .Albretsen, Jurgen33, 37 Applied Science & Technology Index80 Aldus Corp. Aries Systems Corp. Page Maker50, 93 Knowledge Server4, 7 America Online69, 71 Art Index80 Apple Computer, Inc. art libraries19, 23 Apple IIxiii ASCII5 Apple Ile40 Association for Educational Apple He39, 55, 56, 65 Communications and Tech45 Apple IIgs65 Atex39, 40, 42 Apple Libraryviii, 12, 18, 61 Apple Personal Modem 42 B Apple Scanner35 banners55 AppleCD SC2, 5, 14 Bell Communications Research6 Apple Link69, 72, 92 Bellamy, Lois M.1, 11 Apple Share13, 14 Bellcore 6 AppleTalk27 Bercik, Mary Ellen12, 18 Communications Toolboxxi, 72 beta testing12, 17 Hyper Scan35 bibliographic instructionxi, xiv, 3, 7, Image Writer II2, 13, 20, 22 20, 60, 62, 78 importance of stopping at Apple booth bibliographies20, 45, 76 in exhibits49, 50 Big, Mr.66 LaserWriter27 Bitnet75 Izser Writer II2, 5 Bloom, Stephen19, 23 LaserWriter IINT20 Bonham, Carol24, 28

86 UBRARIES2-S. 101 book order reconciliation21 D Boston & Maine Railroad39 Danville Public Library, Danville, VA 24 British Columbia Ministry of Tourism49 Darwin, Charlesxiii Broderbund Software, Inc. data conversionix, 40, 41 Print Shopx, 45, 55 database developmentix, x, 29, 30, Brodie, Kay29, 32 32, 57 Broun, Kevin18 database searching6, 16, 18 BRS Search76 speed of searches5, 16, 17 budget preparation21, 66 desktop publishingix, x, 32, 40, 50, bulletin boardsx, 58, 59, 75 58, 93 as source of software for libraries25 Dialog69 Byskov, Lene33, 37 Digital Equipment Corp. VAX6, 7, 9 C VAX Serverix, 27 Caspr dinosaurs92 Mac Library System (MLS)25 Directory of Upper Shore Community catalog cards55 Servicesix, 29, 32 catalogingix, 7, 26, 27, 38, 42 discard reports57 CD-ROM4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 18 DOCLINE 7 Chesapeake College, Wye Mills, MD document deliveryviii, 7, 8, 16 Learning Resource Centerix, 29, 32 documentation, lack of42 Chicago Public Library, The Dream Maker Software Conrad Sulzer Regional Library93 MacGallery57 circulationix, 3, 27, 39, 41, 46, 55 Drexel University52 Claris Drury, George H.38, 42 AppleWorks55 FileMaker II9 E FileMaker Plus8, 59 Eastern Shore Regional Library, MD 32 FileMaker Pro93 Easy SAAbre69 HyperCaniv, viii,ix, x, xi, xii, xiv, xv, EasyNet20 3, 5, 6, 20, 21, 22, 25, 28, 34, electronic mailxi, 7, 15, 16, 68, 72 37, 45, 46, 48, 53, 59, 60, 62, ERICviii, 14, 16, 17 77, 79, 93 Ertel, Monicaii, xiv HyperTalk21, 35 Ethernet2, 13, 14, 17 MacWrite56, 65, 66 community college libraries32 F community-library relationsix, 32 FDDI79 Compaq Felch, Carol44, 46, 47 Compaq DeskPro65 Fidonetxi, 68, 72 Compaq Portablexi, 65, 66, 67 file servers CompuServe59, 69, 71, 75 usage statistics5, 6, 16 Navigator70, 72 Firesign Theater93 Computer Database80 Fox Software, Inc. computer-aided instruction3 FoxBase+/Mac20, 22 computer-aided reference2, 3, 4, 6 free text searching 5

Index 87 102 Freesoft Corp. junior high school librariesx, 44, 46 Red Ryder xiv, 9 Justie, Kevinxiv G K GCC Technologies, Inc. Kalmbach Publishing Co., Waukesha, WI UltraDrive42 Libraryix, 38, 42 General Science Index80 knowbotsxv, 72 GEnie69, 71 graphicsx, 57, 66 L GTE Government Systems, Research Lancaster Junior High School, Triangle Park, N.0 Lancaster, TX Libraryix, 24, 28 Libraryx, 44, 46 LCD. See liquid crystal display H library administrationviii, 19, 20, HardCard65 21, 34 Holmboe, Henrik34 Library Interface Systems, Inc. HOMER 76 MacBook II Plus25 Humanities Index80 Library Literature80 HyperCard Library Instruction Library Management25, 28 Projectxi, 60, 62 library promotions hypermedia 11 with HyperCardx, 48, 53 licensing agreements14 I liquid crystal display7 IBM local area networks2, 12, 18, 20 IBM 309076 Lotus Development Corp. IBM PC65, 66 Lotus 1-2-366 IBM PS/265 Selectric39 M ICE Engineering Maantashed Librariesv, vii, 92, 93 uAccess 72 MacTCP 77 Index Medicus4 Magazine Index80 Information Power 45 Management Contents80 Informix Software, Inc. MARC 28 Wingz 66 marketing Integrated Services Digital Network6 with HyperCard 48, 53 interface design61, 77, 79 Mattscheck, Barbara48, 53 interlibrary loans7, 8, 26 McLuhan, Marshall Herbert48 Internet7, 69, 75, 77, 92 medical libraries1, 11 ISDN6, 7 MEDLINEviii, 4, 6, 7, 11, 14, 16, 17, 80 Merriam Center for Public Administration J Library92 Jennings, Tom 69 MeSH 5 Jewell, Claudia29, 32 Microsoft Corp. John, Nancyii Microsoft Excel20, 21 Microsoft Windows 67 Microsoft Wordix, x, 20, 21, 30, 40, 42, 45, 50, 66

88 macintoshedUBRARIES Z 103 Microsoft Worksix, x, 10, 20, 30, Philadelphia College of Art and 31, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 57 Design19 MIDI21 Philadelphia College of Performing Model Railroader 38 Arts 19 multimediaviii, 19, 21, 22 Platinum s.a. Biblio-Tech25 N Point69 National Education Association Prodigy71, 72 NEA Bulletin Board58 PsycINFO 80 National Library of Medicine7 National Newspaper Index80 a National Research and Education Quark, Inc. Networkxi, 72, 75 QuarkXPress 40, 42 network standards79 Quick Card55 New Jersey Teacher's Recognition Program56 R newsletter production50 Radio Shack Nielsen, Ellen34 TRS-10069 North Carolina State26 Radius Inc. Novell, Inc. Radius Full Page Display System42 Novell Kinetics FastPath2, 5, 6 Railfan Guide to Austria40 NREN. See National Research and Railfan Guide to Switzerland40 Education Network Reding, Bill18 0 referenceviii, 3, 12, 17, 20, 34, 36, 78 OCLCvi, 7, 20 resource sharing2 °karma, Mary E.54, 59 Richmond Software Corp. online catalogsxii, 4, 7, 76 Mac the Librarian25 online searchingviii, 8, 10, 19, 20, Right On Programs 26, 36, 74, 80 On-Line MacCatalog41 optical fiber13 RLIN20 OSH-ROMviii, 14, 16 Rowoth, Alan68, 72 overdue reports57 S San Francisco State University61 Pacer Software, Inc. J. Paul Leonard Library60 PacerLink7, 9 Sandiego, Carmen65 PAIS80 scams92 Parker, Joan60, 62 scanning35, 36, 40, 42 Parker, Sara51 scheduling45 Passoff, Barbara64, 67 school librariesx, 44, 46, 55, 59 Pennsylvania Serenity Partners Commissioner of Libraries51 Computer Assisted Library Management Governor's Conference on Library & (CALM)25 Information Seryx, 49, 52 serials control periodical databasesxii, 80 using HyperCard 45 Petersen, Nancy71 sharewareix, 24, 28 Library Management 25, 28

Index 89 104 Shiva Corp. typewriters Net Modem2, 6, 9 Royal39 Shongum School, Randolph, NJ Selectric39 Media Centerx, 54, 59 Silicon Beach Software Super Paint57 Ungermann-Bass Silver Platter Information, Inc. NetOne2,5, 6 MacSpirsviii,12, 18 University of North Carolina, Chapel Simmons College, Boston, MA Hill26 Libraryxi, 64, 67 University of Southern California, Los slide collectionsviii, 22 Angeles Social Sciences Index80 Center for Scholarly Software Design Technology78, 80 Copernicusxi, 69, 72 University Computing Services78, 80 software development61 University Libraryvi, xii, 74, 80 software fairies66 University of Tennessee, Memphis Software Ventures Allied Health Sciences 1 Micro Phone 72 Biomedical Information Transfer Sonderkxri, Birgitte34 Center2, 6 Sony Corp. Dentistry 1 videodisc players 21 Graduate Health Sciences 1 special librariesix, x, 12, 18,24,28, Health Science Libraryviii,1, 11 48, 53 Medicine 1 Special Libraries Association Nursing 1 Philadelphia Chapterx, 49,53 Pharmacy 1 statistics7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 20,27,41 Radiology Department6 Steiner, Mike25 Social Work 1 student wage reports 21 Stollerman Libraryviii,1, 2, 6, 7 subject authority files21 University of the Arts, Philadelphia Subtleties of Macintosh Typesetting42 University Librariesviii,19, 23 Switzerland40 USCInfoxii, 80 UUCP69, 72

Talan, Harriet60 V TCP/IP77, 79 Vaccaro, Billii, v, 50, 93 Tegler, Patricia ii Valauskas, Edward J. ii,vii, xiii, xv, telecommunicationsxi, 68,72, 74, 80 49, 50, 92 templates61 virgins42 Texas Instruments Voyager Corp. terminal8 Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD text editing39 Companion21 Trade & Industry Index80 National Gallery of Art21 Trains38, 40 transparencies57 typesetting 42

~~90 105macintoshedUBRARIES w z Waiblinger, John74, 80 Z39.5079 WELL, The 69 Zazzara, Chris71 word processingx, 2, 7, 19, 30, 31, Zenith 56, 57 Zenith computers65 WordPerfect Corp. WordPerfect65, 66~~

~~Index 91 106 ABOUT THE EDITOILS~~

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Edward J. Valauskas,shown collects Macintosh computers and their above recently dodging maniacal bus descendants as well as anything drivers on the streets of Leningrad, is dinosaur-like. You can almost always founder, co-editor and chief bottle- find him lurking electronically on washer of Mactntoshed Libraries. He AppleLink and the Internet.* does the major editing and indexing chores for this publication and is You can reach Ed at the following always on the lookout for a good address: manuscript. He was recently named an Apple Teaching Fellow and leads a Library of the Merriam Center for series of workshops on the Mac at his Public Administration library. In his spare time, he can be 1313 E. 60th Street seen in his familiar role as Assistant Chicago, IL 60637 Director of the Merriam Center Library Phone: (312) 947-2161 for Public Administration in the heart Fax: (312) 947-2164 of the University of Chicago campus. Applelink: G0094 Besides thinking up great scams, he Bitnet: U25112@UICVM

92 LIBRARIES 107 Bill Vaccaro,shown right in an When not on his backyard deck with intimate moment with friends (that's Macintosh Portable in tow (he claims to him in the center just in case you're use it for weight training), he can be wondering), is co-editor and chief found at the Chicago Public Library's bottle dryer for Macintoshed Libraries. Sulzer Regional blanch in his disguise as Bill's chief role in this cosmic design is Assistant Head of the Social Sciences and to put all the finished manuscripts and History Unit. He collects PostScript Type graphics into the delightful display of 1 and TrueType fonts as a hobby.* desktop publishing pyrotechnics that you, gentle reader, are holding loving- 1. First postulated by Firesign Theater In the early 1970s. ly in your hands at this very moment. While doing all this, he simultaneously designs and scripts an electronic Fan mail addressed to Bill can be sent to: edition of this tome (published in HyperCard 2.0 format), putting to rest Conrad Sulzer Regional Library the age-old question "How can you be4455 N. Lincoln Avenue two places at once when you're really Chicago, IL 60625 nowhere at all." Also an Apple Teach- Phone:(312) 728-8652 ing Fellow, he's been known to give Fax: (312) 878-0860 an occasional workshop or two on Applelink: VACCARO.B such topics as HyperCard, Page Maker CompuServe: 76266,147 and File Maker Pro. Internet: vaccaro.b©applelink.apple.com

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~~About the Editors 93 .108 0.~~

ziardware. . .Macintosh Poitable ii/2 Mb RAM; MaiintoshlkiW/5.146 RAM; MairitoshlIfir w/4 MI 04; Apple Poitrad Displiry monitor W/APple Portrait Display card (11a); AppleColor RGB 13 in;Colet.bleniter..- (11(x); (fawn 45 Removable HardDriie;Ap Pie Portable 2400. MadenS(Patehle); Apple Personal Moderif(llfx);IpPle Scanner; APPli4OHDSC Internal Portable Hard Disk (Portable), Apple 130.1.1.0% Internal Half Oisks.(11cx'and 114); AppleCrig-Drive:.(Pciffable) :'::

. . Softivotee. System 6,8.5 and System 6:0J (operating system), Claris MacWrite 1111, CE Software MixlsWrite, and Microsoft Word 4.0 (Word 'praieiiing);41Olink.,-:SaftWare'Ventarei MO** 3.0; and ' frieieft Corp"; MVO )(night 11.10 (telecornintiniiations); 80.00 disk accessory (File ianterilon - shinier-e); FlaShlf v 21' and 2.241.' central' device **(Screen' *Clain- PageAk4er 44 (page layout), Fifth Generation: Sugiosi ApPle. tirierii.i1111T; 'Adokrip.O. h4ntragef2.0 and Type Ain 14 (font handling, Special hip'. treatments), CE SaftWare. Oak/0(4s 2.0 (macro Akitiiiiii111.1' and Silicon fleach-SifirerPoini 2.0 .(bitriniiiind PICT graphic editing and touchup), Apple Appkkan (grayscele TIFF scans of photagraphs);Adobc.-

~~illustrator-34 (cover art). . -~~

~~Type .~~

~~. Body text fares (Adobe) ITC Garamond 11/14 pt (body twit); ITC Gaillard 16/18 pt (leed paragraph); Courier 9/12 at~~

~~. (HyperCard kalifs); Future Condensed 11/14 pt (captions and author biographies); ITCGartord .Itakc 18/auto (puN antes); FlituriGndenied Bold 11/14 Pt (body text subheads); Copperplates~~

. 31AB 12/14 pt Ititlefof articles in Table °ICI...intents); Hehntka Light 12/14 a (subtitles of articles in Table of Contents); Futura Book 12/16 pt (author names in Table of (intents); ITC Garamond 9/12 Pt (abstracts in Table of Contents); Futurci Heavy 16/18 (lead paragraph subheads); ITC Goranond. 9/12 pt (footnotes); and.Garamand 10/12 pt (body text for inserts).

~~Display Text Facer :Covet Art: Copperplate 31AB, Futura Extra Bold, and lithos Bold (Adobe). Head and Arsants:kdlited (freeform 1TrueType); Biffo MT (Manotype TrueType); CarrickCaps~~

. (frown); Century Old Style (Adobe); Charter IT (MonotypeTrueType); Copperplate 31AB (Adobe); DrogonwiCk (firmware); Embassy BT (Monotype - TrueType); Future Bold, Future Extra Bold,Futirra Candensed.Extra Bald; .Faara Condensed light, Futura Heavy (Adobe); Goadyllundrixl (freavare);IITC.Gariinte6411old {Abate); IsadorigapS.(freeifOne); LightsOut Warman); Manta- nita (frieViari);-Mintallighti (freaVare); Middleton (fineware); New Century Schoolbook (Adobe); :

~~. Old Style Bold (MonotypeTrneTyPe); Peignot Derni (Adobe), PiichedelkSmokelfrieware); Rariseraioti(shareWate); Rhyalite (shareware); Riverside (freeware)i Sans Said (Monotype :~~

Trinann); Showboat.(True Typefreaitare);SlabFrice lfreavare); Stunl OT (Monotype TrueTnie); UnierWestSide (freitware);Wiridsortlemi (fieeware); and Zapf Dingbats (Adobe). All freeWareishorewari fonts used in this publication are available (or your downloading pleasure on compuServes.'1.1doc and Desktop Publishing Firiorns: ..': :'

Mired laneout Theiniago of Mary Bien Bercik was captured on a RasterOps video board installed on a Macintosh II series computer. The digitized image was then touched up by the author using Adobe Photoshop and transmitted to the editors electronically via ApPlelink:The image Of Alan Rowoth isa giayscale.

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~~AVAILABLE 10S Apple Library Users Group Apple Computer, Inc. 10381 Band ley Drive MS: SC Cupertino, CA 95014 ViZT COPY MILAN~~