AN ANALYSIS OF PERSONIFICATION FOUND IN WILLIAM SELECTED POETRIES

Cindi Claudia Steffany1, Sesmiyanti2, Dian Noviani Syafar2 1Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat 2Dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected]

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe majas personifikasi beserta arti majas personifikasi secara umum di dalam puisi-puisi pilihan karangan yang berjudul (Mad Song, Laughing Song, , , Earth’s Answer). Berdasarkan penggunaan majas personifikasi dalam puisi William Blake, maka peneliti mengetahui tipe personifikasi yang paling dominan. Majas personifikasi memiliki 2 tipe yakni prosopographia dan prosopopopeia. Data penelitian ini berupa dokumen dari puisi-puisi William Blake yang berjudul (Mad Song, Laughing Song, Night, The Echoing Green, Earth’s Answer). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan analisis dokumen sebagai metode dalam dan teknik analisis data. Dari hasil penelitian, peneliti menemukan 20 personifikasi. Kemudian peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa dari kedua tipe majas personifikasi yang ditemukan dalam puisi-puisi Blake terdapat 7 prosopographia dan 13 prosopopopeia. Dari data ini dapat terlihat bahwa tipe yang dominan digunakan adalah prosopopopeia. Blake menggunakan majas personifikasi untuk membuat puisinya lebih menarik dan imajinatif dengan menggunakan ungkapan serta menyampaikan makna tersirat yang terkandung dalam puisi tersebut yang memberikan nilai- nilai kehidupan.

Katakunci: Personifikasi, Prosopographia, Prosopopopeia dan Puisi

language is used in a manner that is felt by INTRODUCTION its user and audience to differ from ordinary Poetry is the arrangement of the prose. words those are become one unit of the Talking about the poetry one of beautician, poetry fulfill with meaning of great poets like William Blake (28 the world, living things and feeling. Poetry November 1757 – 12 August 1827). (ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo) = I create) is William Blake was an English poet, painter, an art form in which human language is and printmaker in the renascence era he is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, unrecognized during his lifetime but now or instead of, its notional and semantic he was known as seminal figure of the content. In general, poetries, like other history of the poetry and visual arts of the literary texts, focus on interesting and romantic age. motivating topics open to multiple The common aspect to build up interpretation (Akyl:1995). It consists poetry is a figurative language but, it is also largely of oral or literary works in which used in prose and nonfiction writing as

1 well. Figurative language is language that meaning of a word, expression, or gesture is uses words or expressions with a meaning the thing or idea that it refers to or that is different from the literal represents. Thus the meaning, of what interpretation. When a poet uses literal someone says is what they intend to language, he or she is simply stating the express. According to Hill (2002: 9) facts as they are. Figurative language, in meaning are also often indicated by the comparison, uses exaggerations or verb “to mean” used or usable, in such alterations to make a particular linguistic expressions as “square means.” or “your point. One kind of figurative languages is coming means”. However, this clue to personification. Personification is a meaning situations must be employed with figurative language, technique where an caution, for the verb “to mean” is often object or idea is given human preceded by a reference to a person or characteristics or qualities. In other words, persons, and followed by a reference to an the poets make an object or idea do object or an intended action without as has something that usually is only done by been noted, referring to anything. It’s people. With personification the poets sometimes distinguished by use of such make the object or idea resembles a person nouns as “significance”, “signification”, and, hence, they personify the poetry. and “import” and by corresponding verbs. It Personification is not exactly people, but it means that every meaning is a meaning of sure think and act like us. something, is meant or eventually Definition of Poetry determined in some way or through some Poetry is any kind of verbal or function, and within some setting. written language that is structured Personification rhythmically and is meant to tell a story, or According to Mezo (1999:11) express any kind of emotion, idea, or state personification is a comparison of of being (Olila and Jantas: 2006), the words something not human to a human being in poetry have power for it reader and it with this example my car decided not start carefully selected for sound, accent and this morning, this personification sounds meaning to express imaginatively ideas and funny how. There will be no time to a car emotions. start by itself if it not starts by human; here Meaning the reader know personification can be a Meaning in general, describing that joke. which is intended to be, or actually is Type of personification expressed: the meaning of a statement. The 1) Prosopographia

2 Personification is where human either describes or represents people. It can characteristics or human qualities are given be assumed that prosopopopeia can be to something that is NOT human. object (inanimate). For example, the moon Prosopographia is included one of part the winked at me through the clouds above. In type of personification, in which this example, the word moon is included prosopographia is described about object (inanimate) which is personified as if something abstract that can do the human having the capability to wink through the activities and have the human clouds. characteristics or have feeling like a human. RESEARCH METHOD According to Erasmas (in Hamilton, This research was descriptive study. 2002:1), prosopographia is the Descriptive determined and described personification of something abstract. In something. According to Laurantina and this case, something abstract can be an Melchor (2007:70) in descriptive design, unreal object or idea. For example, Inflation the study focuses at the present condition, robbed me of my saving.This example is descriptive design has many types. This included prosopographia because the word research used qualitative research method Inflation is something abstract, but it is because the sources of data were texts. personified as is having the human action to Qualitative research does not give the rob. numeral or statistics but it depends on how 2)Prosopopopeia is the knowledge of the researcher in Prosopopopeia is a figure of speech analyzing the data. The research method in in which the human characteristic is given this study will be focused on some aspects, to something or not human as if they are such as; research design, source of data, human. For example, “the star danced technique of data collection and technique playfully in the sky”. According to Izzo of data analysis. (2001:121), prosopopopeia is the trope of personification, whereby a face, a voice or FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION subjectivity is attributed to an absent, dead, Research finding is important part or inanimate entity. It means that of this research because it is the result of prosopopopeia is the attribution life to data analyzed activities. The finding must something is not human like inanimate be suit with research questions. Research objects as if they can act or speak like the question was closed in general meaning and human. Then, Erasmas (in Hamilton, 2002: type of personification found in William 1) states that prosopopopeia is a figure that

3 Blake’s selected poetries. In 5 poetries positive aspects of each. Poet wrote pretty researcher found 7 type of prosopographia much about angle and divinity in this poetry and 13 type of prosopopopeia. Each of resercher found 2 prosopopopeia. them can be seen on below as a reserch The Echoing Green analysis would finding. There are: be incomplete if the resercher fail to NO. Poetry prosopographia prosopopopeia understand the idea of the , as 1 Mad 3 5 song conveyed throughout the poetry. The 2 Laughing 2 3 song radiance of the sun and the florid sky sets 3 Night _ 2 4 The _ 2 the smell of April. Only a poet of Blake’s echoing green poetity can create such a wonderful 5 Earth’s 2 1 answer background in simple verse, yet preserving Each poetry in in this resarch has the substantial theme of the poetry. This different style and type of personification. poetry consists of 2 prosopopopeia without Mad song is poetry about the poet no prosopographia found. confusion in the young age bacause Blake And the last one is Earth’s Answer is a poet genius since his young and mad It is the response to the previous poetry in song is one of his effort when he was about The Songs of Experience. Introduction 14 years old in this poetry the poet tells (Blake, 1794). In the Introduction, the bard about the brittle mind of the young age. The asks the Earth to wake up and claim resercher found 3 prosopographia and 5 ownership. In this poetry, the feminine prosopopoeia type of personification in this Earth responded this poetry of one poetry. prosopographia and 2 prosopopopeia. Next, The poetry Laughing Song can be considered as a rhapsodic outburst of REFERENCES rural festivity. Nature seems to be in perfect Akyl, Ayse.1995. Stylistic Analysis of Poetry : A Perspectve from an tune. Looking at the lively green woods, the Initial Training Course in TEFL . poet found total ecstasy and this makes him Canada : Canada Journal. say, “voice of joy” and this poetry consists Hamilton, Cralg A. 2002. Mapping The of 2 prosopographia and 3 prosopopoeia. Mind and The Body: On W. H Auden’s Personifications. Night is the poetry draws on Pennsylvania: Penn State University pastoral imagery, looking at harmony Press. between nature and human beings. The Hill, Thomas E. 2002. The Concept of contrasts of day, followed by night, Meaning. London: Humanities Press Inc followed by eternal day, stress only the

4 Izzo, Donatella. 2001. Portraying The Melchor.A.Calmorin & Lady: Technologies of Gender in Laurentina.2007.Research Methods The Short Stories of Henry James. and Thesis Writing.Book store.Inc. United States of America: University of Nebraska Press. Ollila, Barnie & Joe Jantas.2006. The Defenition of Poetry. Kothari, C. R., (2004). Research www.joejantas.wordpress.com:retri Methodology: Methods and ved on : February 13,2017. Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International.

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