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The Socio-Economic Impact of Amphetamine Type Stimulants in New Zealand

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The Socio-Economic Impact of Amphetamine Type Stimulants in New Zealand The Socio-Economic Impact of Amphetamine Type Stimulants in New Zealand Final Report Dr. Chris Wilkins James Reilly Emily Rose Debashish Roy Dr. Megan Pledger Arier Lee Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation Massey University P O Box 6137 Wellesley St, Auckland September 2004 Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation 2 Te Runanga, Wananga, Hauora me te Paekaka Preface This report presents the findings of research on the socio-economic impact of Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) in New Zealand. The work presented draws on a number of innovative research approaches and methodologies, many of which were tried for the first time in New Zealand during the project. The central aim of the research was to inform the policy response, best practice and strategic planning by New Zealand Police and other relevant government agencies with regard to the recent rise in the use and manufacture of ATS drugs. However because many agencies other than the Police deal with drug problems, the findings reported here have relevance for any organisations responding to ATS problems. Two other reports, produced around the same time as this work was being carried out, also provide information relevant to New Zealand’s response to ATS. The first was the full report of the secondary analysis of ATS drug use from the 2001 National Drug Survey (Wilkins et al. Amphetamine Type Stimulant Drug Use in New Zealand) (Wilkins et al., 2004c). This was presented to Police earlier this year as part of the ATS project. The second piece of research was the full report of the one-site pilot of the New Zealand Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring System (Wilkins et al., A Local Pilot of the New Zealand Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring System (NZ-ADAM) (Wilkins et al., 2004b). Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation 3 Te Runanga, Wananga, Hauora me te Paekaka Contents Preface...................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................. 6 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 7 Key findings......................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................15 Background ......................................................................................................................... 15 Approach ............................................................................................................................. 16 Organisation of this report................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) in New Zealand: Secondary Analysis of the 2001 National Drug Survey ........................................................................................ 21 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 21 Method................................................................................................................................. 21 Results................................................................................................................................. 23 Demographics ..................................................................................................................... 38 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 3: ATS in Australia ................................................................................................. 48 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 48 Results................................................................................................................................. 49 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 4: The dollar value and seizure rates of the illicit markets for ecstasy and amphetamine in New Zealand .............................................................................................. 57 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 57 Method................................................................................................................................. 58 Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 61 Results................................................................................................................................. 61 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 64 Chapter 5: A survey of frequent methamphetamine users in Auckland......................... 66 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 66 Method................................................................................................................................. 66 Results................................................................................................................................. 67 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 6: Recent trends in drug treatment in New Zealand: The impact of amphetamine.......................................................................................................................... 86 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 86 Method................................................................................................................................. 86 Results................................................................................................................................. 87 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 89 Chapter 7: Trends in methamphetamine use in New Zealand: Findings from key informant surveys of drug enforcement officers, drug treatment workers and methamphetamine users ...................................................................................................... 91 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 91 Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation 4 Te Runanga, Wananga, Hauora me te Paekaka Method................................................................................................................................. 92 Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 93 Results................................................................................................................................. 94 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 118 Chapter 8: A Local Pilot of the New Zealand Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (NZ- ADAM) System..................................................................................................................... 122 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 122 Method............................................................................................................................... 123 Discussion: Implications for ATS....................................................................................... 140 Chapter 9: Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 144 References ........................................................................................................................... 148 Appendices .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation 5 Te Runanga, Wananga, Hauora me te Paekaka Acknowledgements This preparation of this report was funded by the New Zealand Police with money received from the Cross Departmental Research Pool (CDRP), which is administered by the Ministry of Research Science and Technology (MoRST). We acknowledge the assistance and collaborative efforts of officials from the Office of the Commissioner of Police, and Police staff at the Papakura watch-house in South Auckland. The SHORE research team was led by Dr Chris Wilkins. The statistical analysis for the report was largely conducted by James Reilly. Debashish Roy completed the logistical regression analysis. Dr. Megan Pledger and Arier Lee completed the statistical analysis
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