Offshore Wind Energy in Germany Status 31.12.2018 and Prospects Until 2030 WHITE PAPER

Offshore wind energy in Germany Status 31.12.2018 and prospects until 2030 WHITE PAPER

Status and prospects for offshore wind energy in Germany

An overview of the current state of offshore wind energy in Germany as of 31 December 2018 is presented in this article, including an outlook for the expected development until 2030.1.

Status of offshore wind energy in Germany

As of 31 December 2018, 1,309 wind turbines (WT) with a total capacity of 6,380.2 MW were in operation. A further 42 WT for 252 MW of capacity have been installed in 2018, but not yet put into operation by this date. Fig. 1 illustrates the development of offshore wind energy in Germany in the last decade.

7000MW 6632,2 MW 6500 Status Offshore Wind 6380,2 MW 6000 ‐ MW installed / errichtet 5500 ‐ MW in operation / in Betrieb 5387,4 (cumulated / kumuliert) 5000 © 2019 UL International 4500 4231,0 4000 4108,3 3541,3 3500 3295,3 3000

2500 2352,3 MW 2000 in operation / in Betrieb MW 1500 installed errichtet 1000 914,9 1016,1 500 320,3 185,3 215,3 520,3 72 280,3 0 42 92,0 200,3 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Fig. 1: Overview of the development of offshore wind energy in Germany since 2008

In 2018, six offshore wind farms (OWF) off the German coast were under construction. Fig. 2 gives an overview of the construction progress in the realization of the German OWF in the period 1 January to 31 December 2018. The OWF Arkona was built in the Baltic Sea, while all other projects are being realized in the North Sea. The OWF Borkum Riffgrund 2 (56 MHI Vestas V164-8.0 with power upgraded to 8.3 MW) and the OWF Arkona (60 Siemens SWT-6.0-154 with power upgraded to 6.4 MW) were installed and commissioned in 2018. Furthermore, all 66 GE Haliade 150-6 MW for the OWF Merkur Offshore were erected, but only 24 WT were operational by 31 December 2018.

1 The data are based on a survey of project developers, as well as data from the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA), the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) and own research.

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At the OWF EnBW Hohe See, Trianel 80 Windpark Borkum II and Deutsche 60 Bucht, most of the foundations were Status31.12.2018 Wind turbines planned/ © 2019 UL International WEA geplant installed by the end of the year (see 40 66 Fig. 2), with the WT scheduled to 60 56 be installed and put into operation 20 in 2019. In addition, the complete construction and commissioning of 0 32 29 the OWF EnBW Albatros is planned, 20 36 which will be realized together with 63 the OWF EnBW Hohe See and will 40 20* Foundations planned/ include another 16 wind turbines. Fundamente geplant 60 Like for the OWF Deutsche Bucht, * Suction Bucket Jackets the offshore substation for the OWF 80 Merkur Arkona Borkum EnBW Trianel Windpark Deutsche EnBW EnBW Albatros is also due to be Offshore Riffgrund 2 Hohe See Borkum II Bucht Albatros installed in 2019. Monopiles installed / Monopiles installed / Wind turbines installed / In 2018, a total of 182 WT with a Monopiles installiert Monopiles installiert WEA installiert total capacity of 1,244.8 MW were (Status 31.12.2017) (01.01.‐31.12.2018) (01.01.‐31.12.2018) installed off the German coast, of Fig. 2: Overview of the construction progress of German offshore wind farms in 2018 which 140 WT with 992.8 MW had 600 already started energy production GE 8‐8,3 MW MHI Vestas Other 1,8% by the end of the year. In addition, 4,3% 0,2% 500 6‐6,4 MW 180 foundations were built, including Bard 160 monopiles and 20 suction bucket 6,1% 5‐5,1 MW Senvion jackets. 400 9,6% 3,6‐4,2 MW Total: Fig. 3 shows the types of the WT Adwen 1309 WT/WEA* 2,3‐2,5 MW 15,0% classes used, as well as their different Siemens 300 Gamesa manufacturers, and the average 63,0% Ø 4,9 MW size of the German offshore WT in *incl. 2 Neashore Number of Wind Turbines operation. Anzahl Windenegrieanlagen 200 In 2018, wind turbines from MHI

Vestas and GE were installed in 100 German OWF for the first time. © 2019 UL International Moreover, with a rated power of 8.3 MW, the most powerful WT ever 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 went online in the OWF Borkum Fig. 3: German offshore wind turbines with grid connections – WT classes and their manufacturers Riffgrund 2.

Outlook on the grid connection systems are available to DolWin Alpha (grid connection development until 2020 in the North Sea. DolWin1). The commissioning Via DolWin3, the OWF Borkum of BorWin3 is scheduled for the In the German North Sea, the Riffrund 2 was fully connected to summer of 2019. In autumn 2018, the completion of the DolWin3 and the grid in 2018, and the feed-in of BorWin Gamma offshore converter BorWin3 grid connections is crucial the first 24 WT in the OWF Merkur station manufactured in Dubai was for the realization of the planned Offshore could be realized. Fig. 4 successfully installed in the North expansion of offshore wind energy shows the associated converter Sea. The onshore converter station by 2020. After the commissioning of station DolWin Gamma, which was Emden/East could also be completed DolWin3 and BorWin3, a total of 12 installed in the summer of 2017 close in 2018.

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capacity of almost 7.7 GW will be online by 2020 in the German North and Baltic Seas.

Development in the period 2021–2025

For offshore WT to be commissioned beginning 2021, the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) awarded the first tenders on 1 April 2017 and on 1 April 2018 for the entitlement of OWF projects and the value from electricity generated from OWF. With a tendering volume of 3,100 MW in total, the 2017–2018 tenders shall achieve the addition of 500 MW in 2021 (exclusively in the Baltic Sea), of 500 MW in 2022, and of 700 MW annually in the years 2023–2025 for Fig. 4: Converter stations DolWin Gamma (left) and DolWin Alpha (right) the so-called „transitional phase“ (Photo: TenneT TSO GmbH). between 2021 and 2025. Only „existing projects“ at sites in the territorial sea or in clusters 1 to By the summer of 2019, the complete operation, a connection capacity of 8 in the North Sea or in clusters 1 to connection of the OWF EnBW Hohe 539 MW would not be used in the 3 in the Baltic Sea according to the See to BorWin Gamma is scheduled. year 2020 and beyond. federal offshore plan (BFO) were able Afterwards, the transfer of the OWF The grid connection system to participate in the tender rounds. Global Tech I grid connection from Ostwind 1 is currently under Another prerequisite for participation BorWin 2 to BorWin 3 is planned. For construction in the German Baltic in the tenders was that a permit this purpose, the connection of the Sea. Ostwind 1 comprises the 3 (or plan approval) had already been OWF Global Tech I to the offshore three-phase alternating current granted for the projects before 1 converter platform BorWin Beta is (AC) systems OST-1-1, OST-1-2 and August 2016, or at least a public to be cut off and replaced by a new OST-1-3 with a connection capacity hearing date had been carried out. connection to the converter station of 250 MW each. The first energy Fig. 6 gives an overview of the OWF BorWin Gamma. production of the OWF Wikinger and awarded in the 2017 and 2018 Fig. 5 gives an overview of the grid Arkona started in 2018 via the grid tenders, which can, therefore, be connections in the German North connection, which was realized with realized by 2025. The overview Sea and the offshore wind farms 220 kV technology for the first time also shows the grid connection connected there, with all OWF in Germany. systems required for the transition marked in colors expected to be in After the completion of Ostwind 1, a phase, which were determined in operation by 2020. total of five grid connection systems the offshore grid development plan After completion of the 12 grid in the Baltic Sea with a total capacity (O-NEP). connection systems, a total of 1,074 MW are available, with 15 In the period from 2021 to 2022, capacity of 7,132 MW is available MW remaining unused until 2020. the AC connections OST-2-1, OST-2-2 in the German North Sea. Fig. 5 Taking into account the two near- and OST-2-3, each with a capacity shows, however, that if all the OWF shore wind turbines in Rostock and of 250 MW, shall be available in the described above were put into Emden, an offshore wind energy Baltic Sea, while in the North Sea, the

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O-NEP Grid connection system Availability Capacity Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) OWF completion Project Netzanbindungssystem Betriebsbereitschaft Leistung Offshore Windpark (OWP) OWP Fertigstellung NOR-2-1 alpha ventus (AC) - 62 MW 05/2009 62 MW alpha ventus (04/2010)

NOR-6-1 BorWin 1 - 400 MW 12/2010 400 MW Bard Offshore 1 (09/2013)

NOR-0-1 Riffgat (AC) - 113 MW 02/2014 113 MW Riffgat (07/2013)

400 MW Veja Mate (05/2017)

269 MW Deutsche Bucht (+ 2 Pilot WT / WEA) (2019 pl.) NOR-6-2 BorWin 2 - 800 MW 01/2015 117 MW EnBW Albatros (2019 pl.)

14 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

288 MW Meerwind (04/2014) NOR-4-1 HelWin 1 - 576 MW 02/2015 288 MW Nordsee Ost (12/2014)

288 MW DanTysk (09/2014)

NOR-5-1 SylWin 1 - 864 MW 04/2015 288 MW Butendiek (08/2015)

288 MW Sandbank (01/2017)

303 MW Amrumbank West (10/2015) NOR-4-2 HelWin 2 - 690 MW 06/2015 387 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

200 MW Trianel Windpark Borkum (06/2014)

312 MW Borkum Riffgrund 1 (05/2015) NOR-2-2 DolWin 1 - 800 MW 07/2015 200 MW Trianel Windpark Borkum II (2019 pl.)

88 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

252 MW Gode Wind 02 (04/2016)

NOR-3-1 DolWin 2 - 916 MW 04/2016 332 MW Gode Wind 01 (05/2016)

332 MW Nordsee One (09/2017)

NOR-0-2 Nordergründe (AC) - 111 MW 12/2017 111 MW Nordergründe (12/2017)

450 MW Borkum Riffgrund 2 (08/2018)

NOR-2-3 DolWin 3 - 900 MW 2018/19 400 MW Merkur Offshore (09/2018)

50 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

400 MW Global Tech I (Interim BorWin 2) (08/2014) NOR-8-1 BorWin 3 - 900 MW (2019 pl.) 500 MW EnBW Hohe See (2019 pl.) 6593 MW Utilized capacity / genutzte Kapazität North See / Nordsee 539 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

OST 3-1 Baltic 1 - 51 MW 05/2011 51 MW EnBW Baltic 1 (05/2011)

OST 3-2 Baltic 2 - 288 MW 09/2015 288 MW EnBW Baltic 2 (09/2015)

OST-1-1 Ostwind 1 - 250 MW 2018/19 250 MW Wikinger (12/2017)

OST-1-2 Ostwind 1 - 250 MW 2018/19 250 MW Arkona (10/2018)

235 MW Wikinger / Arkona (100/135 MW) (12/2017 - 10/2018) OST-1-3 Ostwind 1 - 250 MW 2019 pl. 15 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

Baltic Sea / Ostsee 1074 MW Utilized capacity / genutzte Kapazität Source / Quelle: BNetzA, O-NEP 2030, Vorentwurf FEP 2019 - Status: 31.12.2018 Fig. 5: Grid connections and OWF realized by 2020

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Availability grid connection O-NEP Grid connection system Award Capacity Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) OWF Permission Betriebsbereit- Project Netzanbindungssystem Zuschlag Leistung Offshore Windpark (OWP) OWP Genehmigung schaft Netzan- schluss still pending / 06/2015 2018 325 MW Kaskasi II NOR-4-2 HelWin 2 - 690 MW steht noch aus 62 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

2017 110 MW Gode Wind III 22.12.2016 (14 WT / WEA)

NOR-3-3 DolWin 6 - 900 MW (2023 pl.) 2018 132 MW Gode Wind 04 31.07.2013 (42 WT / WEA)

658 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität still pending / 2017 240 MW Borkum Riffgrund West 2 steht noch aus NOR-1-1 DolWin 5 - 900 MW (2024 pl.) 2017 240 MW OWP West 15.04.2014 (41 WT / WEA)

2018 420 MW Borkum Riffgrund West 25.02.2004 (77 WT / WEA)

NOR-7-1 BorWin 5 - 900 MW (2025 pl.) 2017 900 MW EnBW He Dreiht 20.02.2010 (119 WT / WEA)

North See / Nordsee 2367 MW Awarded capacity / bezuschlagte Kapazität still pending / 2018 10 MW Wikinger Süd OST-1-1 250 MW (2019 pl.) steht noch aus 5 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

2018 247 MW Arcadis Ost I 09.09.2014 (58 WT / WEA) OST-2-1 250 MW (2021 pl.) 3 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität still pending / OST-2-2 250 MW (2021 pl.) 2018 250 MW Baltic Eagle (476 MW) steht noch aus still pending / 2018 226 MW Baltic Eagle OST-2-3 250 MW (2022 pl.) steht noch aus 24 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

Baltic Sea / Ostsee 733 MW Awarded capacity / bezuschlagte Kapazität

Source / Quelle: BNetzA, O-NEP 2030, Vorentwurf FEP 2019 - Status: 30.06.2018

Fig. 6: Grid connections and OWF planned by 2025 availability of the high voltage direct As a result of the two 2017 and OST-1-1, which is already under current (HVDC) systems DolWin 6, 2018 tender rounds, six previously construction, will be reduced from 15 DolWin 5 and BorWin 5 with 900 MW approved OWF and four projects MW to 5 MW by connecting the OWF each is expected for the period without permit (or plan approval) Wikinger Süd (10 MW). 2023–2025. For the construction of were accepted. By 2022, the OWF Arcadis Ost I and DolWin6, the transmission system The OWF Kaskasi II can be Baltic Eagle with a total capacity of operator TenneT has already awarded connected to the already existing 723 MW are to be connected in the in July 2017 the contract to Siemens grid connection HelWin 2 with the Baltic Sea, leaving a spare connection for the technology for the HVDC added power of 325 MW, reducing capacity of another 27 MW. transmission, and to Nexans for the the unused connection capacity of By the current state, an increase in supply and installation of the DC HelWin 2 from 387 MW to 62 MW. In offshore wind power in the German cables. the Baltic Sea, the unused connection North and Baltic Seas of a total of capacity of the grid connection only 1,058 MW is possible in the

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Sandbank

Dan Tysk

Butendiek

GlobalTech I

Albatros Amrumbank West

EnBW Hohe See Kaskasi II

Bard Offshore 1 Nordsee Ost Veja Mate Borkum Riffgrund West 2 Meerwind Süd/Ost Deutsche Bucht Borkum Riffgrund West EnBW He Dreiht OWP West Gode Wind 04 Trianel WP Borkum Gode Wind III Trianel WP Borkum II Gode Wind 02 Merkur Offshore Gode Wind 01 Borkum Riffgrund 2 Alpha Ventus

Borkum Riffgrund 1 Nordsee One Riffgat Nordergründe

construction in 2021-2025 (pl.)

Source: Map: BSH (modified) Project data: UL International

Fig. 7: Overview of the deployment of offshore wind energy in the North Sea until 2025 period from 2020 to 2023, which is be realized until further notice, planning and approval, the central a considerable decrease in added because of the general uncertainty model only becomes effective after capacity compared with the previous as to whether the sea area may be the transition phase described above expansion development. As the designated for offshore wind energy (commissioning 2021-2025). permission for most of the OWF due to potential bird protection The so-called „area development developments is still missing, a very conflicts. Fig. 7 shows an overview plan“ (FEP) serves as a central low annual growth of offshore wind of the development of offshore wind planning tool for the use of offshore power may be expected, especially energy in the North Sea by 2025. wind energy, which specifies the for the years 2020-2022. areas at sea where OWF will be built. In the North Sea, the full utilization By 30 June 2019, the FEP is to be of the 900 MW HVDC systems Tenders for the offshore conceived for the first time by the DolWin 5 and BorWin 5 is planned. construction from 2026 Federal Maritime and Hydrographic For the DolWin 6 grid connection, on Agency (BSH) in agreement with the other hand, only 342 MW were For the commissioning of offshore the Federal Network Agency, which awarded in the OWF Gode Wind III wind farms from 2026, the tender determines how and when these and Gode Wind 04, meaning that will take place in the so-called areas will be connected to the grid. over 70% of the 900 MW connection „central model“. In one bidding date In May 2018, the BSH submitted capacity will remain unused for the per year, an average of 700-900 the „Preliminary Design of the Area time being. MW will be tendered in order to Development Plan 2019 for the Finally, it should be noted that fulfill the EEG 2017 target of 15 GW German Exclusive Economic Zone of the planned 900 MW HVDC grid offshore wind energy until 2030 the North and Baltic Seas“. connection SylWin 2, which should (EEG: Renewable Energy Sources For the central model, the bidders be operational by 2025, will not Act). Due to the long lead times for compete in the tender for the

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N‐8 N‐4

N‐1 N‐2

Quelle: Vorentwurf FEP 2019 – Stand: 31.01.2019 (Kartendarstellung bearbeitet)

Fig. 8: Designated Areas in the North Sea for tenders for OWF

O-NEP Grid connection system Availability grid connection Tender Expected Capacity Offshore Area Project Netzanbindungssystem Betriebsbereitschaft Netzanschluss Ausschreibung Vorauss. Leistung Offshore Fläche

225 MW N-3.7 NOR-3-3 DolWin 6 - 900 MW (2023 pl.) 2021 375 MW N-3.8

NOR-7-2 BorWin 6 - 900 MW (2027 pl.) 2022 900 MW N-7.2

420 MW N-3.5 NOR-3-2 DolWin 4 - 900 MW (2028 pl.) 2023 480 MW N-3.6

(2029 pl.) 2024 630 MW N-6.6 NOR-6-3 BorWin 4 - 900 MW (2030 pl.) 2024 270 MW N-6.7

NOR-9-1 900 MW (2030 pl.) 2025 391 MW N-9.1 TF 1

North See / Nordsee 3691 MW

OST-1-4 300 MW (2026 pl.) 2021 300 MW O-1.3

OST-7-1 300 MW (2029 pl.) 2024 160 MW O-7.1

Baltic Sea / Ostsee 460 MW

Quelle: Vorentwurf FEP 2019 - Stand: 31.01.2019

Fig. 9: Time sequence and capacity for designated areas for OWF in the North Sea

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For further information please contact: [email protected] Phone :+49 4421 4808-0 UL International GmbH, Wilhelmshaven (Germany)

construction of an OWF on a previously investigated area. Only successful bidders with the required tender award can build WT in this area, and are entitled to the market premium and the use of the grid-connection capacity. Fig. 8 illustrates the location of areas in the North Sea designated for OWF in the preliminary draft of the FEP 2019 for which tenders will be issued between 2021 and 2025. Fig. 9 gives an overview of the time sequence of the grid connections and the expected capacities that can be connected in the areas shown. The information is based on the data in preliminary draft of the FEP 2019 as of 31 January 2019.

References: • Preliminary draft of the area development plan (FEP) 2019 for the German exclusive economic zone of the North and Baltic Seas; Editor: Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Status 31 January 2019 • Offshore grid development plan (O-NEP) 2017-2030 as revised on 2 May 2017; Confirmation from the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) dated 22 December 2017 • Federal offshore plan (BFO) for the German Exclusive Economic Zone of the North Sea 2016/2017 and BFO for the German exclusive economic zone of the Baltic Sea 2016/2017; Editor: Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), 22 December 2017

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