Toheroa

PRESENTATION BY LAURIE AUSTEN

“Imagination will often carry us to worlds that never were. But without it we go nowhere”. Carl Sagan Not your usual conservationist Not your usual conservationist INTRODUCTION

TOHEROA – Paphies Ventricosa

Māori History, which I am not an expert, I advise you seek expertise from local Kaumātua and Kuia.

Recent History: I have sourced this through multiple written and verbal accounts; research and data I have read, complemented by information I have gathered personally. DEPLETION Theories:

-Commercial harvesting -Forestry and Pingao -Locals ate ‘em -Birds -Vehicles and Buses -The Father In law Canning Factory and Recreational Harvest Forestry and Pingao The Locals Ate ‘Em/Birds Poachers are blamed

Birds Vehicles and Buses Vehicles

Buses Commercial Vehicles The Father In law Sam Sharp spent a majority of his life on the ocean as a seaman and a fisherman. His theory was that weather patterns had changed over his lifetime.

“It is likely that the early onset of easterlies winds in 1938 caused the death of some 20 million Toheroa on 90 mile beach, and probably the whole west coast was affected. These mass mortalities have been quite common, the last occurring in 1971”. New Zealand Geographic – Number 9 January – March 1991 Article written by Glenys Stace Whether it is Weather?

Site 1041 Kaitaia Observatory North 1-Dec-1948 to 31-Dec-1950

8 m/sec Percent

10 10.7 +

5.4-10.6

3.1-5.3 5 0.3-3.0

Calm 0 North North Site 1041 Kaitaia Observatory Site 1041 Kaitaia Observatory

1-Jan-1951 to 31-Dec-1960 1-Jan-1961 to 31-Dec-1970

7 5 m/sec Percent m/sec Percent

10.7 + 10.7 + 10

5.4-10.6 5.4-10.6 5 3.1-5.3 3.1-5.3 5 0.3-3.0 0.3-3.0

Calm Calm 0 0 North North Site 1041 Kaitaia Observatory Site 1041 Kaitaia Observatory

1-Jan-1971 to 31-Dec-1980 1-Jan-1981 to 30-Apr-1985

12 19 m/sec Percent m/sec Percent 10 10.7 + 10 10.7 +

5.4-10.6 5.4-10.6

3.1-5.3 3.1-5.3 5 5 0.3-3.0 0.3-3.0

Calm Calm 0 0 Site 1024 Kaitaia Aero Site 1024 Kaitaia Aero North North 16-Apr-1985 to 31-Dec-1990 1-Jan-1991 to 31-Dec-2000

16 7 m/sec Percent m/sec Percent

10.7 + 10.7 + 15 15 5.4-10.6 5.4-10.6 10 3.1-5.3 3.1-5.3 10

0.3-3.0 5 0.3-3.0 5 Calm Calm 0 0 Site 1024 Kaitaia Aero North 1-Jan-2001 to 12-Dec-2010

2 m/sec Percent

10.7 + 20

5.4-10.6 15 3.1-5.3 10 0.3-3.0 5 Calm 0

Temperature Global Winds How do you prove the link between Toheroa, Temperature and Wind Change?? Is it possible?

I found the explanation, on a mountain 9,000 kilometres away in the northern hemisphere. The Pinatubo Effect Report from National University of Australia Research lead by Dr. Nerilie Abraham

QEII Research Fellow

ANU College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences

http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate- change/wilder-winds-less-rain-as-roaring-forties- become-furious-fifties-20140511-zr9b1.html 90 Mile Beach – Te Oneroa a Tohe: Dune Erosion “You have to know the past to understand the present”. Carl Sagan American astronomer, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, science popularizer, and science communicator in astronomy and other natural sciences.

“Ma muri ka tika a mua”. Learn from the past to prepare for the future. Whakatauki – Sir James Carroll First Maori Minister of Native Affairs, Acting Prime Minister of New Zealand in 1909 and 1911. We can not get the sand dune build from this type of weather pattern. Speculation “As you probably know New Zealand is currently receiving a sever blast of cold energy sweeping up from the Antarctic Region with temperatures at record lows. This is pure speculation on my part but after reading reports of your study I wonder if this should not have been expected at some time. With the concentration of polar winds and cold energy in the Antarctic region being constrained by warming of upper latitudes is it not logical that as Winter peaks and the warm retreats, this restrained focused cold energy would at some time be released. This would be very similar to Super Storms releasing and dissipating the heat energy built up in the Pacific Ocean during an El Nino Event. I suppose that if sufficient energy is released from the Antarctic it is possible that for a time the concentration effect will abate reducing winds allowing warming of the region and ice melt to resume”.

Laurie Austen, 24 June 2015 – Letter to Dr Nerilie Abraham, ANU College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Kaipara Harbour Pupu Harakeke – Flax Snail Kauri Paua Atriplex hollowayi Insideclimatenews.org

Losing Arctic Ice and Permafrost Will Cost Trillions as Earth Warms, Study says