Features of the Political Class, Transition, Elite Status and Parliament
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Political Ideas and Movements That Created the Modern World
harri+b.cov 27/5/03 4:15 pm Page 1 UNDERSTANDINGPOLITICS Understanding RITTEN with the A2 component of the GCE WGovernment and Politics A level in mind, this book is a comprehensive introduction to the political ideas and movements that created the modern world. Underpinned by the work of major thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Marx, Mill, Weber and others, the first half of the book looks at core political concepts including the British and European political issues state and sovereignty, the nation, democracy, representation and legitimacy, freedom, equality and rights, obligation and citizenship. The role of ideology in modern politics and society is also discussed. The second half of the book addresses established ideologies such as Conservatism, Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism and Nationalism, before moving on to more recent movements such as Environmentalism and Ecologism, Fascism, and Feminism. The subject is covered in a clear, accessible style, including Understanding a number of student-friendly features, such as chapter summaries, key points to consider, definitions and tips for further sources of information. There is a definite need for a text of this kind. It will be invaluable for students of Government and Politics on introductory courses, whether they be A level candidates or undergraduates. political ideas KEVIN HARRISON IS A LECTURER IN POLITICS AND HISTORY AT MANCHESTER COLLEGE OF ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY. HE IS ALSO AN ASSOCIATE McNAUGHTON LECTURER IN SOCIAL SCIENCES WITH THE OPEN UNIVERSITY. HE HAS WRITTEN ARTICLES ON POLITICS AND HISTORY AND IS JOINT AUTHOR, WITH TONY BOYD, OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION: EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION? and TONY BOYD WAS FORMERLY HEAD OF GENERAL STUDIES AT XAVERIAN VI FORM COLLEGE, MANCHESTER, WHERE HE TAUGHT POLITICS AND HISTORY. -
Social and Political Attitudes of People on Low Incomes
Social and political attitudes of people on low incomes Authors: Allison Dunatchik, Malen Davies, Julia Griggs, Fatima Husain, Curtis Jessop, Nancy Kelley, Hannah Morgan, Nilufer Rahim, Eleanor Taylor, Martin Wood Date: 30.08.2016 Prepared for: The Joseph Rowntree Foundation Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Politics 3 Welfare and Worklessness 4 Key Concerns and Front of Mind Issues 5 Feeling in Control 6 Taking Action 7 Conclusions Appendix A Method Appendix B Panel sample profile Appendix C Case study sample profile Appendix D Variables included in the cross sectional analysis Executive Summary People living on low incomes have historically been excluded from politics and policy debates, even when the question at hand is how poverty can be reduced or its impacts mitigated.1 The aim of this research was to explore how people on low incomes perceive politics, understand how far they feel they can control or influence the impact of politics and policy on their lives, and provide a platform for them to speak out on the issues that most concern them. This report draws on three complementary projects: secondary analysis of Understanding Society and NatCen’s British Social Attitudes survey uncovering the social and political attitudes of people on low incomes, findings from a new high quality random web probability panel, and a deep dive case study with people living on low incomes in an Outer London borough. Politics Despite experiencing significant and persistent inequalities in living conditions and life-chances2, people living on low incomes have social and political attitudes that are broadly similar to their higher income peers. -
Class and Ocupation
Theory and Society, vol. 9, núm. 1, 1980, pp. 177-214. Class and Ocupation. Wright, Erik Olin. Cita: Wright, Erik Olin (1980). Class and Ocupation. Theory and Society, 9 (1) 177-214. Dirección estable: https://www.aacademica.org/erik.olin.wright/53 Acta Académica es un proyecto académico sin fines de lucro enmarcado en la iniciativa de acceso abierto. Acta Académica fue creado para facilitar a investigadores de todo el mundo el compartir su producción académica. Para crear un perfil gratuitamente o acceder a otros trabajos visite: http://www.aacademica.org. 177 CLASS AND OCCUPATION ERIK OLIN WRIGHT Sociologists have generally regarded "class" and "occupation" as occupy- ing essentially the same theoretical terrain. Indeed, the most common operationalization of class is explicitly in terms of a typology of occupa- tions: professional and technical occupations constitute the upper-middle class, other white collar occupations comprise the middle class proper, and manual occupations make up the working class. Even when classes are not seen as defined simply by a typology of occupations, classes are generally viewed as largely determined by occupations. Frank Parkin expresses this view when he writes: "The backbone of the class structure, and indeed of the entire reward system of modern Western society, is the occupational order. Other sources of economic and symbolic advantage do coexist alongside the occupational order, but for the vast majority of the population these tend, at best, to be secondary to those deriving from the division of labor."' While the expression "backbone" is rather vague, nevertheless the basic proposition is clear: the occupational structure fundamentally determines the class structure. -
The Public Intellectual in Critical Marxism: from the Organic Intellectual to the General Intellect Papel Político, Vol
Papel Político ISSN: 0122-4409 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia Herrera-Zgaib, Miguel Ángel The public intellectual in Critical Marxism: From the Organic Intellectual to the General Intellect Papel Político, vol. 14, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2009, pp. 143-164 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=77720764007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative The Public Intellectual in Critical Marxism: From the Organic Intellectual to the General Intellect* El intelectual público en el marxismo crítico: del intelectual orgánico al intelecto general Miguel Ángel Herrera-Zgaib** Recibido: 28/02/09 Aprobado evaluador interno: 31/03/09 Aprobado evaluador externo: 24/03/09 Abstract Resumen The key issue of this essay is to look at Antonio El asunto clave de este artículo es examinar los Gramsci’s writings as centered on the theme escritos de Antonio Gramsci como centrados en of public intellectual within the Communist el tema del intelectual público, de acuerdo con la experience in the years 1920s and 1930s. The experiencia comunista de los años 20 y 30 del si- essay also deals with the present significance of glo XX. El artículo también trata la significación what Gramsci said about the organic intellectual presente de aquello que Gramsci dijo acerca del regarding the existence of the general intellect intelectual orgánico, considerando la existencia in the current capitalist relations of production del intelecto general en las presentes relaciones de and reproduction of society. -
The End of Middle Class Politics?
The End of Middle Class Politics? The End of Middle Class Politics? By Sotiris Rizas The End of Middle Class Politics? By Sotiris Rizas This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Sotiris Rizas All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0654-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0654-1 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 What makes the middle classes? ............................................................ 8 The middle classes in mass politics: the lower middle classes as a bone of contention ................................................................... 10 Chapter One ............................................................................................... 23 Emergence of the Middle Classes and Middle Class Politics in America and Europe, 1890–1914 The middle classes and the Progressive Movement in America, 1900–14 .......................................................................................... 28 The public policies of Progressivism ................................................... 29 Middle-class -
The Political Class and Redistributive Policies
The political class and redistributive policies Alejandro Corvalan - Universidad Diego Portales Pablo Querubin - New York University Sergio Vicente - Universidad Carlos III de Madrid LSE-Stanford-Universidad de los Andes Conference on Long-Run Development in Latin America, London School of Economics and Political Science, 16-17 May 2018 The political class and redistributive policies⇤ Alejandro Corvalan† Pablo Querubin‡ Sergio Vicente§ June 16, 2017 Abstract We study the relationship between the composition of the political class and the size of government. First, we use a citizen-candidate model to show that the extension of su↵rage is inconsequential for government spending when stricter eligibility requirements are in place. The removal of eligibility requirements, on the other hand, leads to the election of less wealthy politicians and the enactment of more redistributive policies. We test these predictions empir- ically using data from the 13 U.S. original states. We find no robust correlation between the extension of the franchise and government spending or the composition of the political class. However, the subsequent elimination of eligibility restrictions is associated with an increase in government spending and the election of state senators with a less elite background. ⇤We thank Felipe Balcazar, Antonella Bandiera, Pedro Rodriguez, Mateo Uribe, Alessandro Vecchiato, Waldo Vila and Richell Wee for outstanding research assistance. Scott Ashworth (discussant), Filipe Campante (dis- cussant), Pedro Dal Bo (discussant), Emilio Depetris-Chauvin (discussant), Elena Esposito (discussant), Garance Genicot (discussant), Bill Easterly, Je↵Frieden, Sebastian Lavezzolo, Antoine Loeper, Suresh Naidu, Ken Shepsle, David Stasavage and Stephane Wolton provided very valuable feedback. Joe Ferrie kindly gave us access to the full count file of the 1850 Population Census. -
The Great Middle Class Revolution: Our Long March Toward a Professionalized Society Melvyn L
Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University KSU Press Legacy Project 1-2006 The Great Middle Class Revolution: Our Long March Toward a Professionalized Society Melvyn L. Fein Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ksupresslegacy Part of the Social Psychology and Interaction Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Recommended Citation Fein, Melvyn L., "The Great Middle Class Revolution: Our Long March Toward a Professionalized Society" (2006). KSU Press Legacy Project. 5. http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ksupresslegacy/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in KSU Press Legacy Project by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GREAT MIDDLE-CLASS REVOLUTION Our Long March Toward A Professionalized Society THE GREAT MIDDLE-CLASS REVOLUTION Our Long March Toward A Professionalized Society Melvyn L. Fein 2005 Copyright © 2005 Kennesaw State University Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without prior written consent of the publisher. Kennesaw State University Press Kennesaw State University Bldg. 27, Ste. 220, MB# 2701 1000 Chastain Road Kennesaw, GA 30144 Betty L. Seigel, President of the University Lendley Black, Vice President for Academic Affairs Laura Dabundo, Editor & Director of the Press Shirley Parker-Cordell, Sr. Administrative Specialist Holly S. Miller, Cover Design Mark Anthony, Editorial & Production Assistant Jeremiah Byars, Michelle Hinson, Margo Lakin-Lapage, and Brenda Wilson, Editorial Assistants Back cover photo by Jim Bolt Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fein, Melvyn L. -
SOCI 101 Introduction to Sociology
SOCI 101 Introduction to Sociology Professor Kurt Reymers, Ph.D. (DR. K) WWW.morrisville.edu/SOCIOLOGY STRATIFICATION = LAYERING G. Social Stratification 1.a. Social Stratification is the categorization of people into a social hierarchy. b. Stratification is defined materially by access to resources that relate to standard of living and social position (status). c. Stratification is represented symbolically through socially constructed rankings of social status (for example, by “occupational prestige”) d. Stratification is culturally universal. All human societies develop stratification systems, although they don’t always look the same. 1 G. Social Stratification 2. The Structure of Stratification a. How is it Measured? “SES” = Socio-Economic Status The idea behind SES comes from Max Weber’s famous essay on Class, Status and Party (1893). || || || (Property, Prestige, Potential) ~ or ~ (Money, Respect, Power) G. Social Stratification 2. Structure: Measuring Stratification a. SES = Socio-Economic Status: Money, Power, Respect i. Income and wealth (Money) • Income: occupational wages and earnings from investments • Wealth: the total value of money and other assets, minus any debt ii. Political position of authority (Power) • Power is “the ability to control your fate and the fate of others, even in the face of resistance.” (Weber, 1893) • Examples: - Parents have authority over children; - Police officers have authority to use force when necessary; - A Supreme Court Justice has authority to interpret the law. iii. Social prestige (Respect) • Educational level – PhD, JD, MD, MBA, MA, BS, BA, AA, GED • Job-related status – “occupational prestige” • Honor; fame; celebrity – “positive sanctions” G. Social Stratification 2.b. Different Structures of Social Stratification i. Caste System A system based on ascribed status: birth determines social position. -
The Post-Slavery Caribbean Plantation Complex∗
Franchise Extension and Elite Persistence: The Post-Slavery Caribbean Plantation Complex∗ Christian Dippely July 20th 2011 Preliminary - Comments Welcome Abstract What determines the extension of the franchise to the poor? This paper studies the 19th century development of parliamentary institutions in the 17 British Caribbean slave colonies. After abolition, freed slaves began to obtain the franchise as small- holders. I document that the elite’s response was a series of constitutional changes in which local parliaments voted to restrict their own powers or abolish themselves altogether in favor of direct colonial rule. This “defensive franchise contraction” hap- pened later or not at all where the franchise expanded less and political turnover re- mained lower, suggesting it was aimed at excluding the new smallholder class from the political process. Against its stated aim, direct colonial rule led to increases in coercive expenditure and decreases in public good provision, suggesting it did not reduce planter elites’ insider access to the colonial administration. A new data-set on the identity of all elected and nominated politicians in the colonies from 1838 to 1900 confirms that planter interests continued to dominate the reformed legislatures under direct colonial rule. Keywords: Economic Development, Elite Persistence, Political Inequality, Institutions, Fran- chise Extension. ∗I thank Toke Aidt, Dwayne Benjamin, Loren Brandt, Mauricio Drelichman, Gilles Duranton, Peter Morrow and Dan Trefler and participants of the 2011 CEGE conference for valuable discussions and insightful comments yDepartment of Economics, University of Toronto (email: [email protected]) 1 Introduction The 19th century is generally viewed as the century in which the franchise was for the first time extended to broad segments of society. -
The Role of the Middle Class in the Emergence and Consolidation of a Democratic Civil Society
Ankara Law Review Vol.2 No.2 (Winter 2005), pp.95-107 The Role of the Middle Class in the Emergence and Consolidation of a Democratic Civil Society Prof. Dr. Ergun Özbudun* ABSTRACT Emphasizing the importance of the middle classes in the emergence and consolidation of democratic societies may well be regarded as an overall tendency in modern social sciences. This affirmative approach to the middle class dynamics primarily rests on the assumptions that a highly developed middle class would temper conflicts in a pluralistic society by rewarding moderate and democratic choices, and that a highly developed middle class would contribute to the endeavors for transition to democracy. Nevertheless, despite the considerable weight of these interpretations in contemporary political thinking, one should also pay attention to several examples, in which the middle classes did not take active part in the democratization processes or even actively supported authoritarian rule under certain circumstances. Therefore, it seems vital to ask what types of middle classes under what kind of circumstances prefer to play an active role in the transition to and the consolidation of democracy. Consequently, this article aims to provide an answer to these questions by distinguishing certain paths of socioeconomic developments and pointing out the fact that it would be misleading to accept middle classes as apriori democratic forces under all circumstances. ÖZET Demokrasilerin ortaya çıkışında ve pekişmesinde orta sınıfların rolüne vurgu yapılması, günümüz sosyal bilimlerse hâkim bir eğilim olarak belirmektedir. Orta sınıf dinamiklerine bu olumlu yaklaşım, orta sınıfların ılımlı ve demokratik politikaları ' Bilkent University, Professor of Constitutional Law. 96 Ankara Law Review Vol.2 No.2 desteklemek suretiyle toplumsal gerilimleri azalttıkları ve demokrasiye geçiş sürecini yaşayan toplumlarda bu yöndeki çabalara destek verdikleri yönündeki görüşlere dayanmaktadır. -
The Emerging Latino Middle Class Explanation of Findings
Pepperdine University Institute for Public Policy and AT&T with support from the Catellus Development Corporation present The Emerging Latino Middle Class by Gregory Rodriguez October 1996 Acknowledgments Edited by Joel Kotkin John M. Olin Fellow Pepperdine University Institute for Public Policy Pepperdine University's Institute for Public Policy wishes to thank the following corporate sponsors of the research report: Catellus Development Corporation Pepperdine University's Institute for Public Policy wishes to thank the following individuals and corporate sponsors for their support of the research: Mary Salinas Durón First Interstate Bank/Wells Fargo Bank David Friedman Linda Griego Hispanic Advisory Council Pepperdine University La Opinión José de Jesús Legaspi The Legaspi Company McDonald’s Corporation Steve Moya Moya, Villanueva & Associates Parking Company of America Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Danny Villanueva Morley Winograd The Emerging Latino Middle Class Explanation of Findings T his report examines the extent to which Latinos in Southern California have begun creating a stable middle class. It reevaluates the social mobility of a group that has been, more often than not, defined by its deficits or dysfunctions. The statistics herein provide the first portrait of this dynamic but still largely unrecognized sector of Southern California society. The data, derived primarily from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), reveal the existence of a substantial and steadily growing Latino middle class in the five-county Southern California region. 1 Viewed as a group, the Latino middle class constitutes a largely young, hard-working, family- oriented population, increasingly adaptive to the changing economic conditions of Southern California. -
Political Inequality Why British Democracy Must Be Reformed and Revitalised
REPORT POLITICAL INEQUALITY WHY BRITISH DEMOCRACY MUST BE REFORMED AND REVITALISED Mathew Lawrence April 2014 © IPPR 2014 Institute for Public Policy Research ABOUT IPPR IPPR, the Institute for Public Policy Research, is the UK’s leading progressive thinktank. We are an independent charitable organisation with more than 40 staff members, paid interns and visiting fellows. Our main office is in London, with IPPR North, IPPR’s dedicated thinktank for the North of England, operating out of offices in Newcastle and Manchester. The purpose of our work is to conduct and publish the results of research into and promote public education in the economic, social and political sciences, and in science and technology, including the effect of moral, social, political and scientific factors on public policy and on the living standards of all sections of the community. IPPR 4th Floor 14 Buckingham Street London WC2N 6DF T: +44 (0)20 7470 6100 E: [email protected] www.ippr.org Registered charity no. 800065 This paper was first published in April 2015. © 2015 The contents and opinions in this paper are the author’s only. BOLD IDEAS for CHANGE CONTENTS Summary ............................................................................................................3 Introduction ........................................................................................................5 1. Political inequality in the UK: Causes, symptoms and routes to renewal ......7 1.1 The first-past-the-post electoral system ..........................................................