As of October 18, 2019, all manuscripts are now submitted through the Research Exchange (REX) Submission Portal. For submissions started prior to October 18, 2019, including revised submissions or invited submissions, please visit ScholarOne to manage your submission. If you have any questions about the submission portals, please email [email protected] or [email protected]. Editorial Process Overview Journal Aim and Scope The Journal of Neuroscience Research (JNR) publishes novel research results that will advance our understanding of the development, function and pathophysiology of the nervous system, using molecular, cellular, systems, and translational approaches. The journal focuses on uncovering the intricacies of brain structure and function. Research published in JNR covers all species from invertebrates to humans, and the reports inform the readers about the function and organization of the nervous system, with emphasis on how disease modifies the function and organization.

The acceptance criteria for all papers are the quality and originality of the research, and its significance to the journal’s readership. Except where otherwise stated, manuscripts are single-blind peer reviewed. Papers will only be sent to review if the Editor-in-Chief determines that the paper meets the appropriate quality and relevance requirements. The Journal does not consider Case Reports or studies using herbal remedies/natural compounds derived from plants as these are difficult to reproduce. In addition, studies involving immortalized cell lines that are not accompanied by primary cultures, slice or in vivo work will not be considered as it is difficult or impossible to extrapolate results to normal neuronal populations.

Peer Review by two to three external reviewers will be made after editorial prescreening. Submitted manuscripts are assigned to the Editor-in-Chief for prescreening, and then distributed among the Handling Editors (either Executive Editors or Associate Editors) based on expertise.

All submissions to JNR are subject to stringent evaluation first by the Editor-in-Chief. Submissions are assessed to ensure they fall within the scope of the journal and meet its requirements for transparency, scientific rigor and novelty. If deemed suitable for peer review, the Handling Editor will send the manuscript to external reviewers with expertise in the topic and methods. This manuscript triage is essential to avoid undue burden on the peer review system. Referee exclusions by the authors will be honored as long as the total number of excluded referees are reasonable (i.e., total number of exclusions reflecting the size of expert pool for a given topic). Referee suggestions from the authors may be considered.

JNR operates using a transparent review process. We make peer review documentation (referees' de-anonymized reports, authors' responses and editors' comments) available alongside the published articles. Unblinding will occur only after a manuscript is accepted for publication; reviews will remain anonymous until this point (reviewers' names will not be disclosed for manuscripts that are ultimately rejected). We believe that this will result in a more transparent and accountable process.

To highlight the skill and importance of reviewing, Wiley has partnered with Publons to give reviewers formal recognition for their contribution. In this partnership, reviewers can elect to have their transparent reviews automatically added to their reviewer profile on Publons. This is an optional service to reviewers. Click here for additional details.

Peer reviewers are selected for their technical expertise and overview of their specific fields of research interest. If you wish to recruit a colleague to review with you for reasons of mentorship or complementary technical knowledge, please contact the editor before sharing access to the manuscript. Undeclared co-reviewing is incompatible with transparent peer review and prevents us from giving credit to your colleague’s important contribution to open research.

Appeals Authors may appeal the journal’s rejection decisions. While there is no limit to the number of appeals, the Journal editors will do their utmost to minimize the submitted paper being re-reviewed multiple times unless substantive changes are made to the submitted manuscripts. Because the reviewer’s time and effort cannot be taken for granted and editorial resources are finite, the Journal will deny appeals on -review rejection without formal re-review unless the editors view the revision to be convincing and substantive.

1 Manuscript Categories Original Research Research articles are full-length reports of quality current research within any area covered by the journal. Such contributions report new research findings or conceptual analyses that make a significant contribution to the scientific knowledge. There are no strict word or figure limits on this type of article. Authors should present the material clearly and completely, in the most concise and direct form possible. The introduction should be brief, and the discussion should be restricted to issues directly relevant to the results. The authors should provide sufficiently detailed information in the Materials and Methods section for the observations to be critically evaluated and, if necessary, repeated. Original research articles will be peer reviewed and every attempt will be made to bring the acceptable research article to a rapid publication. Editors will evaluate the submission and compare against the existing literature to determine what was shown before and what does the new submission add.

Technical Report While JNR does not publish papers of a purely technical or methodological nature (so-called “methods papers”), certain research articles may include, as a major component of the work, a novel technological development not previously reported, and presented as a crucial part of the methods and results. Such papers will follow the usual layout of a standard research paper (see above) with an extended Materials and Methods that provides all of the necessary details of the novel technology, including description of algorithms and validation experiments, to make it accessible to the readership. Such papers will be marked as Technical Report papers to reflect their particular contents. Note that simple improvements on established methodologies do not befit this format.

Registered Reports Registered Reports are designed to eliminate publication bias and incentivize best scientific practice. Registered Reports are a form of empirical article in which the methods and proposed analyses are pre-registered and reviewed prior to research being conducted. This format is designed to minimize bias, while also allowing complete flexibility to conduct exploratory (unregistered) analyses and report serendipitous findings. The cornerstone of the Registered Reports format is that authors submit as a Stage 1 manuscript an introduction, complete and transparent methods and the results of any pilot experiments (where applicable) that motivate the research proposal, written in the future tense. These proposals will include a description of the key research question and background literature, hypotheses, experimental design and procedures, analysis pipeline, a statistical power analysis and full description of planned comparisons. Submissions, which are reviewed by editors, peer reviewers, and our statistical editor, meeting the rigorous and transparent requirements for conducting the research proposed, are offered an in-principle acceptance, meaning that the journal guarantees publication if the authors conduct the experiment in accordance with their approved protocol. Following data collection, authors prepare and resubmit a Stage 2 manuscript that includes the introduction and methods from the original submission plus their obtained results and discussion. The manuscript will undergo full review; referees will consider whether the data test the authors’ proposed hypotheses by satisfying the approved outcome-neutral conditions, will ensure authors adhered precisely to the registered experimental procedures, and will review any unregistered post hoc analyses added by the authors to confirm they are justified, methodologically sound and informative. At this stage, authors must also share their data (see also Wiley’s Data Sharing and Citation Policy) and analysis scripts on a public and freely accessible archive. Additional details, including template reviewer and author guidelines can be found by clicking the link to the Open Science Framework from the Center for Open Science (see also Chambers et al. 2014) or in our Registered Reports Author Guidelines.

Review and Mini-Review JNR publishes two types of Review articles: full-length reviews and mini-reviews. Focused, critical reviews of a wide range of forefront areas of neuroscience will be considered for publication. The preferred format for Reviews is that of a focused, topical paper that helps specialists remain up to date with the information published in their subject while being informative for the non-specialist. As such, reviews should focus on recent developments in a given field, describe current trends and as applicable methodologies, and provide a critical opinion intended for broad readership. Authors of reviews should avoid concentrating solely or preferentially on their own work. There are no limits to the number of pages or figures for a review, but mini-reviews must be less than 5,000 words and no more than 3 figures. References should be carefully and critically chosen and kept to a logical minimum. Reviews, whether author-initiated or solicited by the Journal, will be peer reviewed. Please email the Editor-in-Chief prior to submitting an unsolicited Review.

2 Commentary/Letter to the Editor Commentaries and Letters to the Editor provide focused viewpoints from field leaders on specific topics of interest and can call attention to papers of particular note or provide critical comments on previous work. The format of commentaries allows a challenge or correction of the main scientific conclusion(s) published in a recent JNR paper. If the Commentary submission has additional data to support its case, it must have results section for peer reviewers to technically vet the material. These manuscripts should be kept to a maximum of 2000 words and may include no more than 1 Figure/Table.

Initial Submissions Submit It Your Way Initial submissions do not need to be formatted to JNR’s style. However, submissions are required to conform to our standards on transparency and rigor. JNR promotes transparency in research by requiring authors to include all relevant information about their studies, including detailed experimental procedures and a full description of statistical (see our Transparency and Rigorous Reporting Section and our editorial "Improving Transparency and Scientific Rigor in ” for details). Initial manuscript submissions can be uploaded as a single text file (containing the main text document, tables and figures) with figures embedded within the text, at the end of the manuscript, or as separate files. Revisions must adhere to the format listed below. Please note that with the new submission portal, papers must be submitted as word documents.

Authors should note that submission implies that the content has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere except as a brief abstract in the proceedings of a scientific meeting or symposium, or as a preprint in a community-utilized, non-commercial server.

New submissions should be made via the Research Exchange (REX) submission portal. Please note that if you are submitting a revised paper or were invited to submit a paper, you should submit through our ScholarOne submission system. For technical help with the submission system, please review our FAQs or contact [email protected].

Cover Letters Cover letters are not mandatory. However, they are a good opportunity to express your enthusiasm for your work and help the editor to put it into context. We encourage authors to submit a cover letter that indicates the rationale for the study and how the research will provide an advance to the community. Cover letters are not shared with reviewers; they will remain confidential between authors and editors.

Initial Editorial Evaluation Initial File Check: When a submission is made via online system, we will check the submission files to ensure that the necessary information has been entered to the system. If there are missing materials, we will contact the corresponding author. Once cleared from file checks, the manuscript is assigned to the Editor-in-Chief for pre-evaluation. During our editorial assessment, we will focus on transparency and rigor of the experimental design, statistical approaches and the main findings. We will also ask: • What is the experimental scope of the study and do the research, methods or topic fit within the aims of this? • What is the conceptual advance and how do the main claims of this study relate to benchmark prior publications? • Have the authors clearly reported in detail their experimental design and are the appropriate samples and conditions described? • Are conclusions supported by multiple lines of evidence? • What new insight is offered by the current submission?

Revision and Format Guidelines The manuscript should contain a Title Page, Abstract, Significance Statement, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conflict of Interest Statement, Author’s Contributions, Other Acknowledgments, Data Accessibility links, Literature Cited, Footnotes, and Figure Legends, in that order. The file should be named with the last name of the first author-text. Text files should be in Word (.doc or .docx) format. At this stage, authors are required to fill out the Transparent Science Questionnaire and submit it with their revised manuscript.

3 Title Page The title page should contain the title of the paper. The title should be a short informative title that contains the major key words. The title should not contain abbreviations (see Wiley's best practice SEO tips). Please include names of species and sex used when possible. Additionally, the title page should contain the following: • Full names (First, middle and last) of all authors and affiliations. For details on eligibility for author listing, authors should refer to the journal’s Authorship Policy. • Institutional Affiliation. These should be in the same order as the numbers in the authors’ superscripts, and should include Department, Institution, City, State or Province if applicable, Mail Code, and Country. • Key words, including 3–6 words or phrases that are included in the text but not in the title of the paper that identify its content. Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) must also be listed as keywords as mentioned above in the section entitled "Resource Identification Initiative". Keywords should be taken from those recommended by the US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) browser list at www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh • Support or grant information should be provided and should include the grant sponsor and number • Corresponding author, address, phone, fax, and email addresses.

Abstract The abstract should be concise, consisting of 250 words or less. It should frame the biological problem that the paper addresses, indicate the method of approach and species (and sex) of animals used, and provide a brief summary of the results and conclusions. An abstract should contain the major keywords (see Wiley's best practice SEO tips), and it should be intelligible without reference to the rest of the paper. Abbreviations should be used sparingly in the abstract and should be spelled out the first time they are used. References to the literature and statistical values should be avoided in the Abstract. In addition, abstracts should be written as a single, continuous paragraph.

Significance Statement All articles except Commentaries/Letters to the Editor must include a statement of significance in the main text of the document. This is a 100-word-maximum statement about the significance of the paper written at a level that is understandable to the general public and to scientists outside their field of specialty. This statement will be distinct in purpose from the abstract, with the primary goal of broadly explaining the relevance and importance of this work and how this work contributes to different diseases.

Introduction The introduction should frame the scientific issues that motivate the study. It is not enough simply to identify a known pathway or its neurotransmitter in a different species. For papers to reach a publishable level of priority, the authors must provide sufficient scientific background (including relevant references) to understand the motivation, context and rationale for the study. Authors must make clear what is not known about the subject and hence what the study intends to examine.

Methods and Materials The methods and materials section provide the details of how the study was conducted. At JNR, a full account of your experimental design, procedures and statistical approaches is critical during our evaluation of the study. This section should be written with as much detail as possible so that others can reproduce your findings. Details about what needs to go into the methods section can be found below in our section on Transparency and Rigor. The section must include the following information in order: • Experimental Subjects: A complete description of the subjects must be presented. Animal studies must include species, strain, sex, age, supplier, and numbers of animals used (as well as distribution of animals across groups). Human studies must include complete summary of demographics. • Ethical Approval: All manuscripts employing animals or humans must report that the institutional animal care and use committee or internal review board at the site of the work approved the study. Any work that is done without such approval, or which is judged by the referees or the editors to involve cruelty or abuse of animals will not be published. • Experimental Design and Procedures: Precise details of all procedures (including sequence of manipulation, measurement procedures) must be described. We expect authors to explicitly state whether the study is exploratory or confirmatory and clearly report what was measured and manipulated and the planned comparisons. Authors must also take into account and address biological and technical variables and any changes to protocols or adjustments to hypotheses. 4 • Materials: The sources of all materials and equipment must be identified. • Statistical and Data Reporting Guidelines: The Journal of Neuroscience Research follows the “Core set of standards for rigorous reporting of study design (Adapted from Landis et al., 2012)” issued by the NIH. These standards have been designed so that studies adequately report the design, conduct, and analysis of the experiments with a specific goal of improving how the results of animal research are reported. o Note: Statistical computations produced using Excel, regardless of version, must be thoroughly double- checked against another software. • Transparent Science Questionnaire: Authors must submit this questionnaire either at the initial submission or with their revised research manuscript. This questionnaire will indicate where in the manuscript critical details describing the methods and results can be found and will expedite reviewer/editor monitoring of these factors.

Results The results of the study clearly summarize the main findings and point the readers to the relevant data in the text, figures and/or tables. All figures and tables must be cited in the text and must be numbered in the order of their text citation. The Results section should not include long passages about the rationale for each experiment (which belong in the Introduction) or the methods used (which belong in the Materials and Methods), nor should it include justification or discussion of the results (which belong in the Discussion section). Articles containing statistical analyses should clearly state the name of the statistical test, the n value for each statistical analysis, the comparisons of interest, and justification for the use of the test. It must be clear what statistical test was used to generate every statistical finding reported. Moreover, the authors must include the values from the appropriate statistical test (e.g., F(x,x) = xx; n = x; P = x). Importantly, if covariates are assessed, authors must report the outcomes prior to controlling for a specific variable.

Supporting Information Supporting information should be reserved for data that provide secondary support to the primary findings in the main manuscript. If the data presented therein are deemed important for the points made by the paper, these materials should be integrated within the manuscript itself. However, exceptions are made in some instances, for example: for red-green copies of magenta-green figures, extensive lists of genes or sequences, extensive tabular datasets or raw quantitative materials that authors wish to make available to the scientific community, very large photographic documentation of results that is necessary for the study and cannot be summarized in the photographic plates included in the article, and movie files. Supporting information is hosted online and appears without editing or typesetting. Authors must include any legends to supporting information in the main text of the manuscript. Click here for Wiley’s FAQs on Supporting Information.

Discussion The Discussion must begin with a statement of the important findings of the paper. Subsequent sections can address technical issues, analysis of the results, and the implications of the work. The discussion allows for a synthesis of how the results provide answers to the testable hypothesis and its context with the larger community. Authors should consider how the results of other studies may be combined to derive a new or perhaps better and more substantiated understanding of the problem. It is proper to include a section that draws together the results and expands upon conclusions that may be drawn from the work. The discussion section should be concise.

Graphical Representation of the Data JNR does not allow the use of bar and line graphs for continuous data, as many different data distributions can lead to the same bar or line graph, and representation of the full data may suggest different conclusions (Weissgerber et al., 2017). The following are the new guidelines that authors should take into consideration when graphically illustrating data: • For continuous data, JNR requires authors to use univariate scatterplots, violin plots or boxplots. o If boxplots are used, their component parts need to be clearly identified in the caption. Use dotplot overlays if sample size is small. • For paired or non-independent data, authors must illustrate the differences between matched pairs where appropriate • Report medians for non-parametric statistical tests. Report the median difference rather than the median value for each condition when reporting nonparametric statistics for paired or matched data

5 • Inside the graphic, if statistical differences are to be shown, provide the actual P-value as reported in the narrative or, only if there is insufficient space for those numeric values, asterisks (*, **, ***) but then explicitly provide the meaning of those asterisks in the figure caption. • Bar graphs are encouraged only when presenting categorical or count data • Gels and blots should be presented with molecular weights noted. Cropping of images for clarity and conciseness purposes is acceptable, but at least several bandwidths should be kept above and below the cropped band and important bands must be shown. Authors must supplement these data with images of the entire blot. Merging images from different experiments is not acceptable. If splicing of data from a single experiment is necessary to reorder the samples, this should be clearly indicated on the figure and in the figure legend. The method of normalization of results must be explicitly stated in the figure legend. • Consider the use of color judiciously and only as it adds actual value to the graphic (see Post Acceptance Publication Process for publication charges). Avoid use of pale colors, multiple colors too similar to one another and arbitrarily colored backgrounds. Make necessary text within figures fully legible. Avoid tabular material within a graphic image.

Conflict of Interest Statement JNR requires that all authors disclose any potential sources of conflict of interest. See our Conflict of Interest policy. The existence of a conflict of interest does not preclude publication. If the authors have no conflict of interest to declare, they must also state. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to review this policy with all authors and collectively to disclose with the submission ALL pertinent commercial and other relationships.

Author Contributions All authors listed on the paper must have contributed significantly to the elaboration of the paper and/or to the research that led to preparation of the manuscript. The contribution of each author must be described in a paragraph after the Acknowledgements and the Conflict of Interest disclosure. JNR has implemented the “CRediT” taxonomy of contributor roles. We require authors to use this taxonomy when writing the Author Contributions section for research papers and reviews.

Acknowledgments Acknowledgments may include special thanks to technicians or colleagues who have helped with the work or provided materials. All who are acknowledged must be informed of that fact by the authors and agree to be listed. Authors should list all funding sources in the Acknowledgments section. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of their funder designation. If in doubt, authors should check the Open Funder Registry for the correct nomenclature: www.crossref.org/fundingdata/registry.

Data Accessibility Statement All accepted research manuscripts are required to publish a data accessibility statement to confirm the presence or absence of shared data. When sharing data, this statement will describe how the data can be accessed, and include a persistent identifier (e.g., a DOI for the data, or an accession number) from the repository where you shared the data. Authors will be required to confirm adherence to the policy. If you cannot share the data described in your manuscript, for example for legal or ethical reasons, or do not intend to share the data then you must provide the appropriate data availability statement. Authors can find a link to our Data Sharing policy here.

If new data have been put in a data repository, the data availability statement cites a persistent identifier (such as a DOI) to the data that is placed within the References section of the journal article. The reference should explain briefly what the data resource is and credit its authors. Cited links to data are checked to ensure they link to the data that the authors intended. Existing accessible datasets are also cited in the References in addition to any manuscripts that describe their creation.

For example: Jagadeesan, A. et al. MDS/PCA plots within West Africa, ://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5640931 (2017)

References As with the main body of text, the completeness and content of your reference list is more important than the format chosen. A clear and consistent, generic style will assist the accuracy of our production processes and produce the highest quality published work, but it is not necessary to try to replicate the journal's own style, which is applied during the 6 production process. If you use bibliographic software to generate your reference list (e.g., Endnote), you can use our endnote style by clicking here or select a standard output style and check that it produces full and comprehensive reference listings. We recommend using a style that uses a Name-Year system (i.e. CSE system), as this facilitates the work of the reviewers. The final journal output will use the APA style of reference citation, though we are happy to receive your manuscript referenced in any style. We will perform the conversion from one system to the other during the production process.

Graphical Abstract The Graphical Abstract feature appears in the online Table of Contents of each issue of the journal (for examples, see the Current Issue). The Graphical Abstract provides readers with a visual representation of the conclusions, and an efficient way to appreciate the key finding and main message of the work. A short statement of 50 words or less (1-2 sentences) should be uploaded as the “Graphical Abstract Text” file (Microsoft Word or RTF) and an illustration describing the context and significance of the findings for the broader journal readership should be uploaded (TIFF or EPS) to attract the attention of non-specialists.

Tables Tables should be self-contained and complement, but not duplicate, information contained in the text. They should be numbered in order of appearance in the text and presented in numerical order. Each table should be identified by number and should have a title (e.g., Table 1. Percentage of retrogradely labeled cells in each site that contained enkephalin immunoreactivity). They should be supplied in the main document, not pasted as images. Legends should be concise but comprehensive—the table, legend and footnotes must be understandable without reference to the text. All abbreviations must be defined in footnotes. Footnote symbols: †, ‡, §, ¶, should be used (in that order). Statistical measures such as standard deviation (SD) should be identified in the headings.

Figures and Figure Legends Only during the revision stage, should each figure be submitted in a separate electronic file, and the file should be named the figure number (i.e., Figure_1.tiff, Figure_2.tiff, etc.). Final figures must be provided in either TIFF (.tif) or EPS (.eps) format only, at a resolution of 300 dpi. Figures should be presented in a plain and unadorned style, on a white background. Panels should not be set off by boxes or other edging or effects such as shading. Line drawings should use a professional quality graphics program capable of providing smooth, clean lines that are not jagged. Where possible, figures should consist of black lines and lettering against a white background. Background shading, horizontal and vertical lines or frames around the plots should be removed. Simply importing graphics from Excel is not acceptable as the quality of raw Excel graphs is insufficient. Text within a figure should be kept to a minimum, with details preferably placed in the figure legend. Lettering for panel designators should be in lowercase (i.e., a, b, etc.).

Figure Legends should be concise but comprehensive—the figure and its legend must be understandable without reference to the text. Include definitions of any symbols used and define/explain all abbreviations and units of measurement.

For digital photography, it is necessary to identify what forms of digital manipulation were employed in preparing the images (e.g., adjusting brightness, contrast, sharpness, evenness of illumination, etc.). The purpose of figures is to present to the audience an overview of the observations, not to provide a faithful recreation of artifacts. Thus, images can be adjusted and even retouched, but if they are manipulated in any way, it is important to identify those changes in the Methods section (or in the figure legend if it applies to a single image).

For all photomicrographs, a scale bar should be included in the figure and defined in the figure legend. It is not necessary to include the size of the scale bar in the figure if it is included in the figure legend. Photomicrographs should be framed and cropped to show the material to its best advantage. The brightness, contrast, sharpness, and evenness of illumination may be adjusted, although this must be indicated in either the Materials and Methods section of the manuscript or in the figure legend. Color should be used in photomicrographs when scientifically necessary, but plates containing only monochromatic images should be reproduced in black and white.

For purely red-green images, authors are asked to convert these to magenta-green. It will make the work accessible to the approximately 6-10% of male readers who have red-green color blindness. Magenta-green pictures can be easily produced using Photoshop: on the Layers palette, click on Channels. Click on the Red channel, then Select All, then Copy. Then click on the Blue channel, and Paste. When clicking on the RGB image, the red will be replaced by magenta, and the overlap will 7 be in white. Either use magenta-green images in the main text figures, or prepare a separate set of copies of the red-green figures, and upload them as Supporting Information. If the latter, refer in the manuscript (i.e., figure legends and in the main text) to the corresponding magenta-green copy, giving the supplementary figure number, and vice versa. If providing these as supplementary figures, a single file should be provided containing all figures and legends exactly as an author wishes it to be displayed online. PDF is recommended.

Authorship Prior to submitting the article all authors must agree on the order in which their names will be listed in the manuscript. The list of authors should accurately illustrate who contributed to the work and how. All those listed as authors should qualify for authorship according to all of the following criteria: • Have made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; • Been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; • Given final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content; and • Agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. • Joint first or senior authorship: In the case of joint first authorship a footnote should be added to the author listing, e.g. ‘X and Y should be considered joint first author’ or ‘X and Y should be considered joint senior author.’

When submitting your revised manuscript, the submission system will prompt the author to use an ORCID ID (a unique author identifier) to help distinguish their work from that of other researchers. ORCID is a non-profit, community-based effort to uniquely identify authors and link articles and other research activities to specific individuals. Once you provide your ORCID identifier, it will be tied to your profile and automatically available for future submissions. Additional information can be found here or at ORCID.

Transparent and Rigorous Reporting in Research Manuscripts Experimental Subjects The methods section should begin with a clear and detailed description of the experimental subjects. This section must include the following: • For animal studies, species, strain, age/sex/weight, supplier, and the total numbers of animals used (as well as distribution of animals across groups and the number of animals excluded). If genetically modified mice are used, it is critical to specify the genetic background, including the generation since the founder and the number of backcrosses (if applicable) to an inbred strain . Housing and husbandry must be clearly described. Please include light cycle, room temperature and humidity, how often cages are cleaned, whether animals are handled, the number of animals per cage and whether physical enrichment is provided. • Human Studies must be conducted in accordance with recognized standards, for example: Declaration of Helsinki; US Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects; or European Medicines Agency Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice and with appropriate institutional ethics committee’s prior approval and informed written consent from all human subjects involved in the study. Authors must report sex/gender or both for all human subject, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the total number of subjects prior to and after exclusion criteria are included, and attrition rates, if applicable. . Without revealing identification information, studies involving human subjects must contain a full description of the participants’ demographics as variations in the demographics and lead to confounding variables if not appropriately controlled. • Authors must include randomization procedures. Please state whether samples/subjects are assigned randomly to various experimental groups, the specific method of randomization, and whether the data collected was processed randomly and appropriately blocked. If randomization was not possible, please state this in the study • Authors must include blinding procedures. Please state whether experimenters were blind to group assignment and outcome assignment. If blinding was not possible, please state this in the study. • All manuscripts employing animals or humans must report that the institutional animal care and use committee or internal review board at the site of the work approved the study. Any work that is done without such approval, or which is judged by the referees or the editors to involve cruelty or abuse of animals will not be published.

8 Sex as a Biological Variable The National Institutes of Health now mandates the inclusion of sex as a biological variable. To conform with this mandate, JNR has an established policy (see our Editorial) requiring all authors to ensure proper consideration of sex as a biological variable. These are as follows: • Any paper utilizing subjects (cells, animals, humans) of only one sex must state the sex of the samples in the title and abstract of the paper, with the obvious exception of sex-specific issues (e.g., prostate or ovarian function). Authors must also state the rationale for using samples from one sex rather than from both. • All papers must clearly state in the methods section the number of samples/subjects of each sex used in the research. For cellular work, the sex of origin of cells used should be reported in most cases. If cells or tissue from both sexes were used without regard to sex, this fact should be indicated. • JNR is particularly interested in experiments involving both male and female subjects studied at the same time, and with sufficient sample size to ensure meaningful statistical comparisons. The inability for any reason to study sex differences where they may exist should be discussed as a study limitation. • Manuscripts reporting exploratory analyses of potential sex differences in studies not explicitly designed to address them are encouraged. JNR understands the real risk of false-positive errors associated with subgroup analysis, but that risk is balanced by the equal or greater risk of false-negative errors resulting from a failure to consider possible sex influences. JNR also understands that false negative results may result from underpowered analyses, but given the dearth of such analyses in neuroscience to date, and the now clear imperative to change the status quo on this issue, explicitly exploratory analyses are called for in many circumstances. • Clinical work should be designed with stratified randomization by sex. Post hoc analyses may also be useful, again perhaps explicitly designated as exploratory.

Experimental Design and Procedures Authors must clearly and completely explain how the experiment(s) is/are planned to meet the specific objectives, including describing all the factors that are to be tested in an experiment, the order of testing and the experimental conditions. The Experimental Design section should consist of the following components: • A list of the experimental procedures that were used to conduct the study, including the sequence and timing of manipulations • An explanation of the questions being tested; whether this is a parameter estimation, model comparison, exploratory study, etc.; the dependent and independent variables; replicates (both biological and technical replicates); type of study design considered • An open discussion of any deviations made from the original design • Precise descriptions of how methodological tools and procedures are prepared and the step-by-step procedures of the experimental protocol • Authors are encouraged to include a timeline diagram or flowchart to illustrate any complex study designs

Materials The sources of all materials and equipment must be identified. For chemical probes, it is important to include the exact sequence of the nucleic acids or peptides against which the probe was raised. Otherwise, the work is inherently not repeatable. The journal mandates data sharing, including data, materials, research instruments, and other artifacts supporting the results in their study, by archiving them in an appropriate public repository. JNR recognizes the many benefits of archiving research data. The Journal expects its authors to archive all the data from which the previously published results are derived in a public repository.

Resource Identification JNR supports the Resource Identification Initiative, which aims to promote research resource identification, discovery, and reuse. This initiative provides unique identifiers for antibodies, model organisms, cell lines, and tools such as software and . These IDs, called Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs), are machine-readable and can therefore be used to search for all papers in which a particular resource was used and to increase access to critical data to help researchers identify suitable reagents and tools.

Authors are required to use RRIDs to cite the resources used in their research where applicable in the text, similar to a regular citation or GenBank Accession number. For antibodies, authors must also include a four-column table listing the following information for each antibody used: • the name of the antibody; 9 • the exact structure of the immunogen against which the animal was immunized (note that a vague reference to a part of the molecule is not acceptable); • the manufacturer, catalog or lot number, the RRID, the species it was raised in, and whether it is a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody; • the concentration at which the antibody was used.

Authors must also explain how an antibody was characterized and provide appropriate controls. Characterization includes information that assures the reader that the antibody specifically recognizes its supposed target. This can include Western blots (for which it is necessary to indicate the species and tissue examined, and the pattern of bands stained and their molecular weight), radioimmunoassay or ELISA, or other types of experiments. Controls may include reabsorption with the original antigen; attempts to stain tissue from knockout animals; comparisons with the in-situ hybridization pattern, etc. For antibodies used as tissue markers (rather than to establish a novel and unique localization of the antigen), it is sufficient to indicate that the antibody stains the appropriate pattern of cellular morphology and distribution as demonstrated in previous publications, which should be cited. Authors should note that evidence for characterization and specificity must be included in the manuscript. Simple references to other papers where characterization has been done are not acceptable.

To Obtain Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs), authors should: Use the Resource Identification Portal, created by the Resource Identification Initiative Working Group Search for the research resource (for more information, see the section therein entitled “Search Features and Tips”) Click on the “Cite This” button to obtain the citation and insert the citation into the manuscript text If a resource cannot be found within the Portal, authors are encouraged to register the resource with the appropriate resource authority. Information on how to do this is provided in the “Resource Citation Guidelines” section of the Portal

If an author experiences any difficulties obtaining identifiers, they should contact rii-help@.org for assistance.

Example Citations: • Antibodies: "Wnt3 was localized using a rabbit polyclonal antibody C64F2 against Wnt3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2721S, RRID: AB_2215411)" • Model Organisms: "Experiments were conducted in c. elegans strain SP304 (RRID:CGC_SP304)" • Cell lines: "Experiments were conducted in PC12 CLS cells (CLS Cat# 500311/p701_PC-12, RRID: CVCL_0481)" • Tools, Software, and Databases: "Image analysis was conducted with CellProfiler Image Analysis Software, V2.0 (www.cellprofiler.org, RRID: nif-0000-00280)"

Statistical and Data Reporting Guidelines To reduce errors in statistical output, authors must provide a full account of their data reporting and statistical analyses. JNR is taking a novel approach to reporting statistical approaches and are now asking authors to provide more detail than merely describing what test they used. Within this section, we now require authors to include the following: • Explain whether data are independent (no subjects/specimens are related to each other) or whether conditions are non-independent or paired. Authors must report all experimental conditions, including failed manipulations. Note that if observations are eliminated, authors must report what the statistical results are if those observations were to be included • Approaches to choosing a statistical test, including the rationale for choosing each test • A statement about the factors tested, types of analyses and what post hoc comparisons were made (and how the post hoc tests were chosen) • A description of the assessment of assumptions, whether normal distribution parameters are obtained and a statement how violations of these assumptions were handled, including whether this influenced changes to statistical approaches • Report how often each experiment was performed and whether the results were substantiated by repetition under a range of conditions. Sufficient information about sample collection must be provided to distinguish between independent biological data points and technical replicates • Statement of how outliers were determined and handled and data point exclusion criteria. Any data removed before analysis must be reported. Authors must also describe how the outcomes changed prior to and after removing outliers (this can be submitted as supporting material) • If an analysis includes a covariate, authors must report the statistical results of the analysis without covariates • Description of raw data, including transformation procedures

10 • State the name and version of the statistical software that was used (also company, city, state, country and RRID)

Power Analysis and Sample Size Estimation Authors must report how a sample size was predetermined based on power analyses conducted during the experimental design stage. If no power analysis was used, include how the sample size was determined. Please note that re-running analyses after each additional data point (the “run-and-check” approach) or simply using the same sample sizes as other papers without justification (the “I’ll have what she’s having” approach) to determine sample sizes are insufficient as different conditions can result in different power (see Simmons, Nelson & Simonsohn, 2011, Psych Sci, Ching et al., 2014, RNA, and Allison et al., 2006, Nat Reviews Genetics). Sample sizes should be pre-determined prior to the onset of data collection. Authors must include the following in this section: • Statistical method of computation, including from where you obtained effect sizes and the power value (usually set at 80%) • The stopping rule for data collection • Exclusionary rules for invalid data

Statistical Methods • Statistical methods should be described with enough detail to enable one with access to the original data to verify the reported results. When writing this section, please provide a clear description of the justification of the statistical approaches and selection of statistical tests. Define all within- and between-subject factors, and planned comparisons. For multiple comparisons and multiple correlations define measures taken to reduce Type 1 errors. For ANOVAs, and other multivariate analyses, define measures taken to control for violation of the sphericity assumption and be explicit about how degrees of freedom terms were corrected. • Descriptive statistics, such as confidence intervals, effect sizes, means and standard deviations (SD) need to be represented graphically or numerically in the text. Please note that JNR no longer accepts standard error of the mean. We require authors to include SD, which expresses how widely scattered measurements are or the variability within the sample. • All statements concerning significance must be quantified numerically. • Authors must report the appropriate statistical analysis and provide rationale for using that statistical tool. For tests involving 1 degree of freedom, state the directionality. To avoid ambiguities, all statistical variables should be italicized (F, t, P). P-values should be reported as P = 0.XXX or P < 0.001 or equivalent according to a uniform level of decimal precision, and neither as asterisks alone or in e-notation even if generated by a statistical program. Ensure that all P-values defined in Figure Legends and Table footnotes are linked to the corresponding data. . For traditional statistical analyses, the format of the description of the statistical results should follow these examples: • F1,32 = 22.32; n = 33; P = 0.008 • t27 = 7.85; P = 0.171 2 • χ2 = (20.32) (n = 62), P = 0.354 • r28 = 0.73, P = 0.040

Author Contributions Term Definition Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims Conceptualization Development or design of methodology; creation of models Methodology Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of Software existing code components

Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall Validation replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs

Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the Investigation experiments, or data/evidence collection

11 Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal Formal Analysis techniques to analyze or synthesize study data

Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, Resources animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools

Management activities to annotate (produce ), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for Data curation interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically Writing – Original Draft writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision Writing – Review & Editing including pre- or post-publication stages

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically Visualization visualization/data presentation

Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and Supervision execution, including mentorship external to the core team Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning Project Administration and execution

Funding acquisition Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication Reproduced from Brand et al. (2015), Learned Publishing 28(2), with permission of the authors

Original: All authors had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: T.B. and J.D.B. Acquisition of data: G.B., S.G., T.B. and J.D.B. Analysis and interpretation of data: B.M.C. and J.M.H. Drafting of the manuscript: T.B., B.M.C., and J.D.B. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: T.B., B.M.C., D.M. and J.D.B. Statistical analysis: T.B and J.D.B. Obtained funding: D.M. Administrative, technical, and material support: T.B and J.D.B. Study supervision: D.M.”

Revised: All authors had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Conceptualization, T.B. and J.D.B.; Methodology, T.B., J.D.B.; Investigation, G.B., S.G., T.B. and J.D.B.; Formal Analysis, B.M.C. and J.M.H.; Resources: J.D.B. and D.M.; Writing – Original Draft, T.B., B.M.C., and J.D.B.; Writing – Review & Editing, T.B., B.M.C., D.M. and J.D.B.; Visualization, J.D.B.; Supervision, D.M.; Funding Acquisition, D.M.

Open Research Practices JNR promotes transparency in research by requiring authors to include all relevant information about their studies. Specific reporting criteria must be incorporated into manuscripts to improve transparency practices in research manuscripts. See our manuscript "Improving Transparency and Scientific Rigor in Academic Publishing". Among these requirements, authors must submit a complete description of the study design, a detailed description of the statistical analysis including software and software versions used, as well as power calculations or reference to previous work indicating that the number of independent biological replicates used in the study is adequate to detect the effect of the treatment of study.

Transparent Science Questionnaire Authors are required, when submitting original research articles to complete the Transparent Science Questionnaire and submit it with their manuscript. This questionnaire will indicate where in the manuscript critical details describing the methods and results can be found and will expedite reviewer monitoring of these factors. If the paper is accepted and contains all the necessary information, a declaration of transparency will be included at the end of the manuscript.

12 Open Science Initiatives Preprint The Journal of Neuroscience Research strongly urges authors to make their study available online, either on a preprint server like arXiv, bioRxiv, or PeerJ PrePrints, or on the authors’ own website. However, any such submissions must not have been published in a , book or other venue that could be considered formal publication. Authors are requested to update any pre-publication versions with a link to the final published article if accepted for publication at JNR. Authors may also post the final published version of the article immediately after publication. Wiley’s global preprint policy is noted here. Authors of accepted papers that were made available as preprints must be able to assign copyright to JNR or agree to the terms of the Wiley agreement and pay the associated fee.

Open Science Badges In partnership with the non-profit Center for Open Science (COS), JNR offers all submitting authors access to the following three open science practices — Open Materials, Open Data, and Preregistered Research Designs. We also award all qualifying authors open science badges recognizing their contributions to the open science movement. The open science practices and associated award badges, as implemented by the Center for Open Science and supported by JNR, can be found by clicking here: Open Science Badges.

Authors will have an opportunity at the time of manuscript acceptance to determine whether they wish to participate. Applying and qualifying for Open Science badges is not a requirement for publishing with JNR, but these badges are further incentive for authors to participate in the open science movement and thus to increase the visibility and transparency of their research. More information about the Open Practices badges is available from the Open Science Framework wiki.

Data Sharing Please review Wiley’s policy here. The Journal of Neuroscience Research expects data sharing and authors must include a Data Availability Statement (see below). For certain types of datasets, the journal mandates data sharing, including data, materials, research instruments, and other artifacts supporting the results in their study, by archiving them in an appropriate public repository. JNR recognizes the many benefits of archiving research data. The Journal expects its authors to archive all the data from which the previously published results are derived in a public repository. The repository that you choose should offer you guaranteed preservation (see the Registry of Research Data Repositories to find which can host the types of datasets) and should help you make it findable, accessible, interoperable, and re-useable, according to FAIR Data Principles.

Data Accessibility Statement All accepted manuscripts are required to publish a data accessibility statement to confirm the presence or absence of shared data. If you have shared data, this statement will describe how the data can be accessed, and include a persistent identifier (e.g., a DOI for the data, or an accession number) from the repository where you shared the data. Authors will be required to confirm adherence to the policy. If you cannot share the data described in your manuscript, for example for legal or ethical reasons, or do not intend to share the data then you must provide the appropriate data availability statement. JNR notes that FAIR data sharing allows for access to shared data under restrictions (e.g., to protect confidential or proprietary information) but notes that the FAIR principles encourage you to share data in ways that are as open as possible (but that can be as closed as necessary).

Below is a list of standard templates for the text that will appear in the "Data Accessibility Statement" portion of your article.

Accessibility of data Template for data availability statement

Data openly available in a The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in public repository that issues [repository name e.g “figshare”] at http://doi.org/[doi], reference number datasets with DOIs [reference number].

Data openly available in a The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in public repository that does not [repository name] at [URL], reference number [reference number]. issue DOIs

13 The data that support the findings of this study are available in [repository Data derived from public name] at [URL/DOI], reference number [reference number]. These data were domain resources derived from the following resources available in the public domain: [list resources and URLs]

The data that support the findings will be available in [repository name] at Embargo on data due to [URL / DOI link] following an embargo from the date of publication to allow commercial restrictions for commercialization of research findings.

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from Data available on request due the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy to privacy/ethical restrictions or ethical restrictions.

The data that support the findings of this study are available from [third Data subject to third party party]. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used restrictions under license for this study. Data are available [from the authors / at URL] with the permission of [third party].

Data available on request from The data that support the findings of this study are available from the the authors corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Data sharing not applicable – Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or no new data generated analyzed in this study.

Required Datasets for Sharing In line with the community practices, the following datasets are required to be deposited to the databases listed below. The accession codes to access these datasets should be included at the time of submission. The final publication will require the accession code to be included in the main text.

Nucleotide sequence data • DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ): www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp • EMBL Nucleotide Archive: ebi.ac.uk/ena • GenBank: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank

Proteins sequence data • Protein Information Resource (PIR): http://pir.georgetown.edu • SWISS-PROT: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/uniprot

Molecular Structural Data For papers describing structural data, atomic coordinates and the associated experimental data should be deposited in the appropriate databank (see below). Please note that the data in databanks must be released, at the latest, upon publication of the article. We trust in the cooperation of our authors to ensure that atomic coordinates and experimental data are released on time.

Organic and organometallic compounds: • Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC; https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/deposit)

Inorganic compounds: • Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe (FIZ; fiz-karlsruhe.de).

Proteins and nucleic acids: • Protein Data Bank (http://rcsb.org/pdb)

NMR spectroscopy data:

14 • BioMagResBank (http://bmrb.wisc.edu)

Next generation sequencing data Functional Genomics: RNA-seq, Arrays, epigenomic-seq (ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, DNA methylation). Includes single-cell functional genomic data • GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). • ArrayExpress (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/)

Reviewer link should be provided for review even if the public availability of the data is delayed until publication

Other types of high-throughput sequencing data Members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) that includes the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA), the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), and the DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ). Data submitted to any of the three organizations are shared among them. • SRA (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) *GEO submissions include SRA submission of raw data

Strongly Encouraged Datasets for Sharing Data, methods used in the analyses and materials used to conduct the research must be clearly and precisely documented and available to any researcher for purposes of reproducing the results or replicating procedures. In cases where certain data or materials cannot be shared for legal or ethical reasons, authors must inform the editors at the time of submission. To maintain the highest standards of research reproducibility and allow the reuse of findings, JNR strongly encourages authors to make the following available:

Suggested Data • Code used to analyze data, including software version for all software packages. We encourage the use of open source software • Processed data not deposited in a database but necessary to reproduce the findings of the manuscript • Procedures used to collect, pre-process, clean or generate the data • Large images or movie files that support the findings for the manuscript

Trusted Repositories Data must be deposited into a trusted repository that adheres to policies that make data discoverable, accessible, usable and preserved. These repositories also assign unique and persistent identifiers. Visit re3data or Fair Sharing to help identify registered and certified data repositories, including the Center for Open Science, GitHub, or Zenodo.

Editorial Policies and Ethical Considerations Personal Information Protection By submitting a manuscript to or reviewing for this publication, your name, email address, and affiliation, and other contact details the publication might require, will be used for the regular operations of the publication, including, when necessary, sharing with the publisher (Wiley) and partners for production and publication. The publication and the publisher recognize the importance of protecting the personal information collected from users in the operation of these services and have practices in place to ensure that steps are taken to maintain the security, integrity, and privacy of the personal data collected and processed. You can learn more at Wiley’s Data Protection Policy.

Ethical Considerations Wiley’s global policies surrounding human studies, animal studies, clinical trial registration, biosecurity, ethics and research reporting guidelines can be found here. JNR adheres to these Wiley policies. Below are policies of interest to the Journal.

Publication Ethics This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Note this journal uses iThenticate’s CrossCheck software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. Read Wiley’s Top 10 Publishing

15 Ethics Tips for Authors here. Wiley’s Publication Ethics Guidelines can be found here. Wiley's policy on the confidentiality of the review process is available here.

All articles must comply with Wiley's Best Practice Guidelines on Publishing Ethics. Authors are required to declare that the work submitted to JNR has been done in accordance to these guidelines and that it has been performed in an ethical and responsible way, with no research misconduct, which includes, but is not limited to data fabrication and falsification, plagiarism, image manipulation, unethical research, biased reporting, authorship abuse, redundant or duplicate publication, and undeclared conflicts of interest.

Similarly, reviewers are required to maintain the confidentiality of the peer review process and declare any competing interests.

Scientific Misconduct Issues Alleged violations of any of the rules of scientific publishing ethics as defined by the Committee on Publication Ethics will be investigated confidentially in accord with standard Wiley procedures as outlined in our best practices guide. If the violations are found to be sufficiently serious, the Editor-in-Chief will request that the authors provide a written explanation. If the authors do not provide an explanation or the explanation is unsatisfactory, such that the journal's Editorial Team finds that the evidence clearly shows that a violation of our publishing ethics policy has occurred, the manuscript will be rejected or retracted, depending on current status. In such cases the Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to both notify the authors' institution of the violation of the journal's scientific ethics policy and impose punitive actions, e.g., a ban on publishing in the journal. The above course of action will also take effect if it is established that authors have violated any of the basic rules of ethical scientific conduct.

Conflicts of Interest JNR requires that all authors disclose any potential sources of conflict of interest. Any interest or relationship, financial or otherwise that might be perceived as influencing an author's objectivity is considered a potential source of conflict of interest. These must be disclosed when directly relevant or directly related to the work that the authors describe in their manuscript. Potential sources of conflict of interest include but are not limited to the following: patent or stock ownership, membership of a company board of directors, membership of an advisory board or committee for a company, and consultancy for or receipt of speaker's fees from a company. The existence of a conflict of interest does not preclude publication. If the authors have no conflict of interest to declare, they must also state this at submission and in the published manuscript. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to review this policy with all authors and collectively to disclose with the submission ALL pertinent commercial and other relationships. The existence of a conflict of interest does not preclude publication.

If you are not sure whether or not you have a conflict of interest, please ask our editorial team for advice by emailing [email protected]

Research on Human Subjects For manuscripts reporting studies involving human participants, JNR requires a statement identifying the ethics committee that approved the study, and that the study conforms to recognized standards, for example: Declaration of Helsinki; US Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects; or European Medicines Agency Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice.

Images and personal information from individual participants, including participants from patient registries and databases, will only be published where the authors have obtained each individuals’ written and informed consent. In order to publish image or information relating human subjects in a Wiley publication, authors need to provide to the Publisher either 1/ a copy of institutional consent forms for this purpose or 2/ signed copy of Wiley’s Patient Consent Form. This requirement to obtained informed consent applies irrespective of whether patients are identifiable from the information presented in the submission.

The journal refers to the World Health Medical Association Declaration of Taipei on Ethical Considerations Regarding Health Databases and Biobanks on matters related to Human subject information in databases.

Clinical Trial Registration: JNR requires that clinical trials are prospectively registered in a publicly accessible database and clinical trial registration numbers are included in all papers that report their results. In addition to the main text, authors are

16 asked to include the name of the trial register and the clinical trial registration number at the end of the abstract. If a trial is not registered, or was registered retrospectively, authors should explain the reasons for this.

Research on Animals For submissions based on animal studies, the journal requires a statement indicating that the protocol and procedures employed were ethically reviewed and approved, and the exact name of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee giving approval. Authors should also state whether experiments were performed in accordance with relevant institutional and national guidelines and regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals. This statement must be included in the Methods section of the article.

Authors must adhere to animal research reporting standards, for example the ARRIVE reporting guidelines for reporting study design and statistical analysis; experimental procedures; experimental animals, and housing and husbandry. Authors should also state whether experiments were performed in accordance with relevant institutional and national guidelines and regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals: • US authors should cite compliance with the US National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the US Public Health Service's Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. • UK authors should conform to UK legislation under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Amendment Regulations (SI 2012/3039). • Authors outside the US and UK should conform to Directive 2010/63/EU.

For studies involving live animals, the Journal requires adherence and declaration of animal research reporting standard. The final submission must include a statement of compliance to ARRIVE reporting guidelines for reporting study design and statistical analysis, experimental procedures, experimental animals and housing and husbandry and/or include the Transparent Science Questionnaire. JNR also encourages authors to adhere to all relevant research reporting standards, when possible. Examples include: • Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) • PRISMA Protocols (PRISMA-P) for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols • The EQUATOR Network: an author's one-stop-shop for writing and publishing high-impact health research • FORCE11: Recommended reporting guidelines for life science resources (see also the Resource Identification Initiative) • The Gold Standard Publication Checklist from Hooijmans et al. (ATLA (2010) 38: 167–182) • Biosharing Standards

Author Licensing If a paper is accepted, the author identified as the formal corresponding author will receive an email prompting them to log in to Author Services, where via the Wiley Author Licensing Service (WALS) they will be required to complete a copyright license agreement on behalf of all authors of the paper.

Authors may choose to publish under the terms of the journal’s standard copyright agreement, or Hybrid Open Access under the terms of a Creative Commons License.

General information regarding licensing and copyright is available elsewhere. The Creative Commons License options offered under Hybrid Open Access can be viewed here: www.wileyauthors.com/OAA. (Note that certain funders mandate that a particular type of CC license has to be used; the Wiley Author Compliance Tool assists authors in checking for any open access mandates from their funder.)

Self-Archiving Definitions and Policies: Note that the journal’s standard copyright agreement allows for self-archiving of different versions of the article under specific conditions. For more detailed information about self-archiving definitions and policies, visit www.wileyauthors.com/self-archiving.

Open Access Fees: If an author chooses to publish using Hybrid Open Access, they will be charged a fee. A list of Article Publication Charges for Wiley journals is available here.

17 Funder Open Access: For more information on Wiley’s compliance with the open access policies of specific funders, visit www.wileyauthors.com/funderagreements.

Post Acceptance Publication Process Publication Charges There are no mandatory charges to authors publishing in JNR. Color figures may be published online free of charge. However, JNR charges for publishing figures in color in print. If an author supplies color figures, they will be sent a Color Work Agreement (aka, Color Charge Form) once the accepted paper moves into the production process. If the Color Work Agreement is not returned by the specified date, figures will be converted to black and white for print publication.

Accepted Article Received in Production When an accepted article is received by Wiley’s production team, the corresponding author will receive an email asking them to login or register with Wiley Author Services. They will be asked to sign a publication license at this point.

Accepted Articles Accepted Articles are indexed by PubMed; submitting authors should therefore carefully check the names and affiliations of all authors provided in the cover page of the manuscript so it is correct for indexing. Subsequently the final copyedited and proofed articles will appear in an issue on Wiley Online Library; the link to the article in PubMed will automatically be updated.

Proofs Once the paper has been typeset, the author will receive an email notification of the URL from where to download the typeset page proofs of the article in PDF format; associated forms and full instructions on how to correct and return the file are also provided.

Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work, including changes made during the editorial process and thus the proofs must be checked carefully. Note that proofs should be returned within 72 hours from receipt.

Early View JNR offers rapid publication via Wiley’s Early View service. Early View articles (first online Version of Record) are published on Wiley Online Library before inclusion in an issue of JNR. Note there may be a delay after corrections are received before the article appears online, as the proofs are carefully reviewed. Once the article is published in Early View, no further changes to the article are possible. The Early View article is fully citable using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and carries an online publication date.

Access and Sharing When an article is published online: • The author will receive an email alert (if requested). • Authors can share a link to their published article through social media. • Authors have free access to their paper (after accepting the Terms & Conditions of use, the article can be viewed). • The corresponding author and co-authors can nominate up to ten colleagues to receive a publication alert and free online access to their article. • Authors can order print copies of their article using this form: https://caesar.sheridan.com/reprints/redir.php?pub=10089&acro=jnr

Promoting an Article For ideas and guidance on how to self-promote a research article, authors should visit www.wileyauthors.com/maximize.

Measuring the Impact of an Article Wiley helps authors to measure the impact of their research through specialist partnerships with Kudos and Altmetric.

18 Additional Information Referrals to the Open Access Journal, Brain and Behavior JNR will provide authors of good quality research that is outside the Journal's scope or that will not be published in the Journal with a referral and option to transfer their manuscript to Wiley’s Open Access Journal, Brain and Behavior. Authors will be offered the option of having the paper, along with any related peer reviews, automatically transferred for consideration by the Editor of Brain and Behavior. The transfer will occur on-line and guarantee the anonymity of the peer review process. Authors will not need to reformat or rewrite their manuscript at this stage, and publication decisions will be made a short time after the transfer takes place. The Editor of Brain and Behavior will accept submissions that report well- conducted research, which reaches the standard acceptable for publication. Accepted papers can be published rapidly, typically within 20 days of acceptance. Brain and Behavior is a Wiley Open Access journal and article publication fees apply. For more information please go to www.brain-behavior.com/info.

NPRC The Journal of Neuroscience Research is a member of the Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium. The Consortium is an alliance of neuroscience journals that have agreed to accept manuscript reviews from each other. If you submit a revision of your manuscript to another Consortium journal, we can forward the reviews of your manuscript to that journal, should you decide this might be helpful. You can find a list of Consortium journals and details about forwarding reviews at http://nprc.incf.org.

Author Services For additional tools, visit Author Resources - an enhanced suite of online tools for Wiley Online Library journal authors, featuring Article Tracking, E-mail Publication Alerts and Customized Research Tools.

Manuscript Preparation: Wiley has a range of resources for authors preparing manuscripts for submission available at www.wileyauthors.com/prepare. In particular, authors may benefit from referring to Wiley’s best practice tips on Writing for Search Engine Optimization.

Editing, Translation, and Formatting Support: Wiley Editing Services can greatly improve the chances of a manuscript being accepted. Offering expert help in English language editing, translation, manuscript formatting, and figure preparation, Wiley Editing Services ensures that a manuscript is ready for submission.

Contact Details A complete list of contacts for JNR is available on the journal’s contact page

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