•.

• Report and Management Plan

for

Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area

at Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge

Prepared by

Division of Nature Preserves Natural Heritage Program Indiana Department of Natural Resources

1990 • United States • Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Final Report

The following report was undertaken to determine the management needs of the threatened and endangered species and the natural community within the Research Natural Area, Muscatatuck Seep Springs, located within Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, in southern Indiana .

• Acknowledgements

This study was initiated in 1988 through the efforts of Jim Aldrich, former Heritage Program coordinator for the Division of Nature Preserves, and Donna Stanley, project coordinator for Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge. Without their perseverance, this study would not have been completed. A special thanks goes to The Nature Conservancy, who provided initial interest in designation of the site as a Research Natural Area, and partial funding for this project. We especially thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who provided most of the funding .

•

• Table of Contents

A. Introduction ...... 1 1. General Description-.. -:-: ...... 1 2. Local History ...... 1 3. Additional Information ...... 1

B. Justification ...... 1 1. Outstanding Features ...... 1 2. Significance ...... 2 3. RNA Program ...... 2 4. Past Interest ...... 3

C. Location . . ·...... 3 1. Administrative Units ...... 3 2. Latitude and Longitude ...... 3 3. Legal Description ...... 3 4. Watershed ...... 3 5. Area Size ...... 5 6. Ownership ...... 5 7. Access ...... 5

D. Cover Type ...... 5 • 1. Natural Community Dominants and SAF Equivalents ...... 5 E. Present Conditions ...... 8 1. Physiography ...... 8 2. Climate ...... -...... 8 3. Geology ...... 8 4. Soil ...... 8 5. Vegetation Types ...... 8 6. Fauna...... 9 7. Flora ...... 10

F. Management Guidelines ...... 12 1. Purpose ...... 12 2. Conflicts ...... 13 3. Management Direction ...... 13 4. Management Prescription ...... 13 5. Specific Management Guidelines ...... 13 6. Monitoring ...... 13 7. Posting ...... ·...... ·...... 14 • e G. Administrative Records ...... 14 H. References ...... 14

I. Appendices -:--. -~ .- .-: ..... -:-:- ...... 15 • Appendix A: Species list for plant species occurring within Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area as of 19 July, 1990 ...... 16

Appendix B: Black and White Photographs of Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area ...... 19

J . Personnel Involved in this Report ...... 21

• ii List of Figures and Tables

Figures _ Figure 1. Location of Muscatatuck Seep Springs within the Muscatatuck National • Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Indiana...... 4 Figure 2. Black and white aerial photograph of Muscatatuck Seep Springs RNA (1988) and distribution of vegetation types within the area...... 6

Figure 3. Location of state-listed plant species found within the Muscatatuck Seep Springs RNA...... ~ ...... 10

Tables Table I. State-listed plant species that occur in Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area...... 2

Table II. Natural communities, SAF equivalents, acreage and percent cover for Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area...... 5

Table Ill. Bird species heard or seen in Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area, summer, 1988 and 1990...... 9

Table IV. Estimated population sizes for state-listed plant species that occur in Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area...... 11

•' iii Report and Management Plan for Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area

A. Introduction 1. General Description Muscatatuck Seep Springs (MSS) Research Natural Area (RNA) is within the Scottsburg Lowland Section of the Bluegrass Natural Region (Homoya 1985). This region is named not for the predominance of bluegrass (Poa spp.), but for similarities of the physiography and natural communities to the Bluegrass region of Kentucky. The Scottsburg Lowland Section consists of wide alluvial and lacustrine plains that border the major streams, particularly the Muscatatuck River, the East Fork of the White River, Silver Creek and their tributaries. The MSS contains an acidic seep spring natural community which occurs on a muck substrate that is saturated by a continuous, diffuse flow of acidic groundwater. The groundwater emerges at the base of a wooded slope onto the stream bottom. These conditions produce a lush, tropical-looking wetland.

2. Local History The Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge is one of the newer units in the national system. Much of the area now included in the Refuge was used for agricultural purposes prior to establishment of the Refuge. Many of the frequently flooded bottomlands were farmed and only the wettest, muckiest sites were left as unusable. Thus the MSS is left relatively undisturbed today, a surviving remnant in a largely modified landscape.

3. Additional Information The primary purpose for establishing the Refuge was to provide lands and protection for migrating ducks and geese. However, as is true of many such protected lands, other forms of plant and animal life have benefitted. MSS, with its diverse seep spring flora, are among the beneficiaries.

B. Justification 1. Outstanding Features MSS is a very good example of an acid seep spring natural community. It contains more than 80 vascular plant species. Six of these are state-listed (Table 1) .

• 1 'i'

Table I. State-listed plant species (Indiana Natural Heritage Program, IDNP, 1990, unpubl.) that occur in Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area. Species indicated by (*) were discovered as a result of this study.

Scientific Name Common Name State Status

* Panax quinquefolius American ginseng watch list Platanthera clave/lata club spur orchid rare * Platanthera f/ava var. flava + southern rein orchid endangered Poa paludigena bog bluegrass threatened Triadenum walteri Walter's St. Johnswort rare * Viola blanda Smooth white violet rare

+ This species was tentatively identified based on vegetative characters only. Although identification is nearly certain, positive identification is impossible without flowering condition.

The cold, acidic groundwater yields a unique assemblage of plant species; this is not just any wetland. Many of the plants which occur here are restricted to these exact environmental conditions. These conditions are extremely uncommon in the landscape, especially in southern Indiana.

2. Significance In Indiana, acid seep springs are documented from only seven locations. One of these, Baxter's Bog, was destroyed with the creation of Monroe Reservoir. This community is also ranked G3 (Globally Rare) in the Natural Heritage system, an international network of biological and conservation data bases, coordinated by The Nature Conservancy. Poa paludigena (bog bluegrass) is a U.S.F.W.S. Category 2 species (Federal Register 1990), is ranked as globally rare in the Heritage system, and is listed as threatened in Indiana. Platanthera flava var. flava (southern tubercled orchid) is endangered in Indiana and known definitively from only one site in the state. Platanthera clave/lata (club spur orchid), Viola blanda (smooth white violet) and Triadenum walteri (Walter's St. Johnswort), are listed as rare in Indiana. Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) is on the watch list.

3. RNA Program The acid seep springs community was not represented in the RNA program prior to the designation of the MSS in 1987. RNA designation will help to protect the unique features included in the MSS. Also, the location of MSS RNA within the larger Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, which is in itself a protected landscape, will help to insure maintenance of the hydrological conditions necessary for the continued good health of the acid seep springs and its rare • 2 floristic elements. It will be necessary to conduct basic inspections of the community and rare plant populations every two to three years to determine their general condition and health. As was mentioned in the RNA designation documentation, unnatural flooding and drainage should be avoided. Since groundwater is the controlling environmental factor for this natural community, maintenance of this natural hydrological regime should serve to maintain the community. It would also be useful at some time to conduct at least three research projects in the MSS RNA: 1) long-term monitoring of flooding and its effect on the vegetation of the MSS; 2) determine the hydrology of the seep springs; and 3) describe the population biology of the Poa paludigena. Results from each of these projects would yield substantial insight into seep spring ecology, including the relationship between hydrology and Poa paludigena survival.

4. Past Interest Prior to its assessment in 1985 by IDNR biologists, the significance of the MSS was unknown. The area was nominated for RNA designation and was so designated in July, 1987.

C. Location 1. Administrative Units The MSS is located within the Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge in Jackson County in southern Indiana (Figure 1). The Refuge is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is within the Department of the Interior.

2. Latitude and Longitude The approximate center of MSS RNA lies at latitude 38° 57' 30" North and longitude 85° 49' 0" West.

3. Legal Description Muscatatuck Seep Springs RNA occurs on the Chestnut Ridge U.S.G.S. 7.5' Quadrangle, and lies wholly within Section 23, Township 6 North, Range 6 East. More specifically, the RNA occurs in most of the southeast quarter and part of the south half of the northeast quarter of Section 23.

4. Watershed Although MSS RNA appears to drain into a small tributary which flows northward into Mutton Creek Ditch, it actually drains south and east into Mutton Creek Ditch. Mutton Creek Ditch drains southward, through the Refuge, into the Vernon Fork of the Muscatatuck River, which is within. the Muscatatuck River watershed .

• 3 Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge Jackson County, Indiana Legend

Wildlife Refuge Boundary Seep Springs Boundary

0 1/2 miles

Figure 1. Location of Muscatatuck Seep Springs within the Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Indiana . • 4 5. Area Size The MSS RNA is a 97 acre (39 hectare) wetland complex (Figure 1) located • within the 7,724 acre (3, 106 ha) Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge. 6. Ownership --- The MSS RNA is owned, protected and managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

7. Access From the Seymour exit on 1-65, take U.S. 50 east for approximately 1.8 miles to the entrance road to the Refuge. Proceed south on this road to the Refuge Headquarters to obtain permission for access to the RNA. Continue south to a crossroad, then further south for 1 mile to a t-junction. Turn west and continue for 0.5 miles and park along the road. The MSS RNA is on the north side of the road. There are no trails within the RNA.

D. Cover Type 1. Natural Community Dominants and SAF Equivalents The MSS RNA is characterized by three natural community types (Table II), as classified by the Division of Nature Preserves, IDNR. Distribution of these vegetation types is shown on a black and white aerial photograph (1988, Figure e 2). .

Table II. Natural communities, SAF equivalents, acreage and percent cover for Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area.

Natural SAF Type Acreage (ha) Percent Community

Acid Seep Spring Black ash - American 18 (7.2 ha) 18% elm - Red maple Mesic Floodplain Forest Pin oak - Sweetgum 52 (21.3 ha) 55%

Mesic Upland Yellow poplar · 26 (1 0.5 ha) 27% Forest

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Figure 2. Black and white aerial photograph of Muscatatuck Seep Springs RNA (1988) and distribution of vegetation types within the area: A) mesic upland forest; B) acid seep spring; C) mesic floodplain forest. • 6 . \..

E. Present Conditions 1. Physiography • The physiography of the region is described as rolling hills and low ravines. Minimum elevation is 540 feet and maximum elevation is 583 feet above sea level.

2. Climate The regional climate can be described as continental and comparatively humid. However, the constant supply of cold groundwater, the presence of a low-lying topography, and the vegetative cover produce a slightly cooler, moister microclimate in the RNA.

3. Geology There is no exposed bedrock in the area due to glaciation during the pre­ Wisconsinan glacial period. The Wisconsin glacier did not advance as far south as the RNA. As a result, the current landscape is highly weathered and/or buried with moderately thick loess deposits.

4. Soil Although the Soil Conservation Service soil survey for Jackson County has not yet been completed and published, regional and local soil conditions have been included here. Some detailed soil information for the MSS site was available via the Jackson County Soil and Water Conservation Office (U.S.D.A,. SCS, unpubl. map, sheet #32). Information regarding the muck substrate of the MSS, however, is unavailable at this time. Soils which underlie the MSS area are of variable thickness, formed in generally less than 100 feet of unconsolidated material in moderately thick loess deposits over weathered loamy pre-Wisconsinan glacial till. Regional soil types present are Cincinnati, Avonburg, Vigo and Ava (U.S.D.A., SCS with Purdue 1973). Parent material is Wisconsin loess and pre-Wisconsinan till or buried soils from pre-Wisconsinan till. Soils are in the Cincinnati-Rossmoyne Association and are well-drained. Rossmoyne soils occur on upland shoulder slopes; Cincinnati soils occur on steeper side slopes. Both have a light-colored silt loam A horizon, silty clay loam B horizon with fragipans, and clay loam paleosols. Soils which underlie the seep springs are Negley loam (U.S.D.A SCS, unpubl. map, sheet #32), which is deep and well drained and moderately permeable (U.S.D.A. SCS 1976). Soils which underlie the wetland portion of the RNA are Birds silt loam, which is a light-colored soil of bottomlands. Birds silt loam is frequently flooded, deep, poorly drained, and has slow permeability and low organic matter content.

5. Vegetation Types Vegetation types present in the MSS RNA include mesic upland forest, mesic and wet-mesic floodplain forest and seep. Tree species, size and abundance varies significantly between community types . • 7 . ;

The forest on the slope above the seep is a mesic upland forest with Fagus grandifolia (American beech) and Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip poplar) as codominants. This area of the RNA contains the largest trees, some measuring as large as 36.5" dbh (F. grandifolia) and 23.4" dbh (L. tulipifera). The floodplain forest here varies in composition depending on proximity to the road which forms the southern boundary of the RNA. Nearest to the road is a young successional forest containing many trees that are dying andjor dead, such as Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash) and Acer rubrum (red maple). Trees increase in size and number as one proceeds northward within the RNA. Dominant tree species in the floodplain include many species (largest dbh measurements are listed): Acer rubrum, 19.3", Betula nigra (river birch), 20.7", Fagus grandifolia, 26.8", Fraxinus pennsylvanica, 11.1", Quercus bicolor (swamp white oak), 25.3", Liriodendron tulipifera, 19.1", and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), 16.2". Woody vegetation in the acid seep spring is primarily the tall shrub Alnus serrulata (alder) and some good-sized trees of Fraxinus nigra (black ash) and Acer rubrum. The dominant seep vegetation, however, is herbaceous, and consists of a unique assemblage of wetland species typical of seep communities (Homoya 1984). Species common to both the northern and southern parts of Indiana co-occur here. Ferns dominate in some portions of the seep and form a distinctive sub-canopy, particularly Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern) and 0. regalis (royal fern). Hummocks formed at the base of these ferns provide substrate for many species, including mosses and liverworts, bog bluegrass and several sedge species. Characteristic among these sedge species are Carex bromoides, C. crinita and C. lurida. Characteristic grasses include Glyeria striata and Leersia oryzoides. Herbaceous species include Aster puniceus, Boehmeria cylindrica, Impatiens biflora, Platanthera clave/lata, Polygonum arifolium and Solidago patula. Woody plants, which usually occur on the hummocks or at the periphery of the seep, include Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry), /lex verticillata (winterberry), Lindera benzoin (spicebush) and Cephalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush).

6. Fauna No survey has yet been done for the fauna of the acid seep springs community. Some species observed or heard were Rana pipiens (leopard frog), and Ophedrys aestivus (rough green snake). Bird species heard or seen are listed in Table Ill. The wet, mossy substrate should also provide good habitat for salamanders. This would be a good project for further inventory work .

• 8 Table Ill. Bird species heard or seen in Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area, summer, 1988 and 1990.

.Common Name Scientific Name

red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus red bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus eastern pewee Contopus virens acadian flycatcher Empidonax virescens Carolina chickadee Parus carolinensis tufted titmouse Parus bicolor Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus gray catbird Dumetella carolinensis wood thrush Hylocichla mustelina red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus white-eyed vireo Vireo griseus common yellowthroat Geothlypis thrichas northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis American goldfinch Carduelis tristis indigo bunting Passerina cyanea song sparrow Melospiza melodia

7. Flora The generalized flora of acid seep springs natural communities is described by Homoya (1984). The MSS RNA is an excellent floristic representation of this community. The species list for the site (Appendix A) compares well with Homoya's list. State-listed plant species that were found in MSS RNA are listed in Table IV; approximate location of populations of these species is noted in Figure 3. The most notable species in the MSS RNA is Poa paludigena due to its globally rare status. Although this rare status may largely be due to the difficulty that many botanists have with identifying grasses, P. paludigena is still noteworthy because of its strict fidelity to a very specific habitat, the seep spring. Currently this site contains a healthy population which is of typical vigor for this grass. Platanthera clave/lata occurs at the border between the seep and the upland mesic forest communities. The population is small but of standard vigor. Approximately 20 plants were observed in flower in 1990. Triadenum walteri occurs in the seep spring community, near the border of the floodplain forest community. In this restricted area, this species appears to be vigorous and in good condition. Panax quinquefolius occurs in the mesic upland forest community, on the • 9 ... ' e e

J

M

Figure 3. Location of state-listed plant species found within the Muscatatuck Seep Springs RNA: a) Panax quinquefolius; b) Platanthera clave/lata; c) Platanthera flava var. flava; d) Poa paludigena; e) Triadenum walteri; f) Viola blanda . • 10 ·.:·

lower slopes of the upland. Several small scattered populations occur in the upland forest, and most plants were young (2-3 years old). Few mature, flowering plants were found. Viola blanda occurs at the border of the seep and the upland forest communities. One large and several small populations were found. Although positive identification is impossible without a flowering stem, what appeared to be Platanthera flava var. flava was discovered in the floodplain forest. Its location was confined to the relatively undisturbed area of the floodplain bottom, in the northern end of the RNA. Floristic evaluation of this site may also involve an assessment of alien or non-native species. The MSS flora is again noteworthy due to the presence of only one alien, Lysimachia nummularia (moneywort). It is possible, however, that a second, very aggressive alien, Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), could become established in the MSS RNA.

Table IV. Estimated population sizes for state-listed plant species that occur in Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area.

Scientific Location Population State Name (see Figure 3) Estimate Status

Panax quinquefolius lower slope of upland >50 watch list Platanthera clave/lata seep and border of upland and seep <50 rare Platanthera f/ava var. flava * floodplain <50 endangered Poa paludigena seep 100s threatened Triadenum walteri seep, near border of 100s rare floodplain and seep Viola blanda lower slope of upland >100 rare

• tentatively identified based on vegetative characters only (see Table I and text for details).

F. Management Guidelines 1. Purpose The primary purpose of the RNA designation is to protect the acid seep spring community as well as the populations of rare plant species that occur within it.

• 11 2. Conflicts e According to a cover letter from the Acting Regional Director, Region 3, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "The possibility of conflicts with other management options which might result from this action have been considered. There are no • significant conflicts and none are anticipated". 3. Management Direction Given this purpose, the management direction for the MSS RNA is to maintain existing conditions (especially hydrological conditions), thereby maintaining the integrity of the acid seep spring natural community and the rare species populations located therein.

4. Management Prescription As stated in the MSS RNA designation document: "Unnatural flooding and drainage will be avoided, as will timber harvesting and soil disturbing activities". This may be accomplished by deepening the existing ditch that parallels the road on its north side, or possibly by lowering the water level of the pond immediately south of the road, and directing the pooled seepage immediately to the south via a culvert. Regardless of the approach, great care must be taken so as not to excessively drain the seep spring proper. Utilization of an engineer, in consultation with refuge personnel and DNP staff is recommended.

5. Specific Management Guidelines i. Avoid planting or otherwise introducing non-native plant species in the RNA. ii. Remove Phalaris arundinacea (canary grass), an agressive species that occurs near the road. iii. ·The road is slowing natural drainage from the seep and the resultant flooding is killing trees. This area, a floodplain forest prior to creation of the road, is being changed from floodplain forest to an open swamp and marsh. With continued impeded flow, this area may become dominated by Typha latifolia (cattail) and Leersia oryzoides (cutgrass), two aggressive species that could outcompete native species in the seep. To avoid this threat, we recommend that measures be taken to restore natural drainage patterns. (See Management Prescription, above). iv. An old crop field located at the northwest end of the RNA has been abandoned and is now covered with clover and other old field species. To prevent silt runoff from this field into tl:le RNA, we suggest that this field remain uncultivated.

6. Monitoring i. Conduct a general inspection of the MSS RNA to determine changes in the overall site every two to three years . • 12 . (

ii. Conduct an inspection of the acid seep spring community to assess its e condition on the same schedule. iii. Monitor the occurrences of rare plant species on the same schedule. If obvious changes in vigor or numbers of individuals is observed, e -increase monitoring to an annual schedule. iv. Monitor populations of any non-native plant species, e.g. Lysimachia nummularia and Lythrum salicaria, as presence of and subsequent increases in populations of these species could lead to competition with the native rare species.

7. Posting Post the boundaries of the RNA so that all Refuge personnel will be aware of its presence and significance.

G. Administrative Records 1. Memorandum from Director, U.S.F.W.S. to Regional Director, Region 3, approving the RNA. 2. Memorandum from Acting Regional Director, Region 3, nominating the RNA. 3. RNA Information Form, Reference 8, Room 10, Exhibit 1 and attached map, showing RNA boundary.

H. References

Federal Register, 1990. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; review of plant taxa for listing as endangered or threatened species; notice of review. Vol. 55, No. 35, 21 February, 1990. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service p. 6220.

Homoya, M.A. 1984. A floristic survey of acid seep springs in Martin and Dubois Counties, Indiana. Ind. Acad. of Sci. 93:323-331.

Indiana Natural Heritage Program, Division of Nature Preserves. (30 May, 1990; unpubl.) Rare plants of Indiana. 13 pp.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Unpubl. Soil map of Jackson County, Indiana, Sheet Number 32.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service with Purdue Experimental Station and Cooperative Extension Service. 1976. Soil survey for Jennings county, Indiana. 91 pp + maps . • 13 ...

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service with Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. 1973. Soil • Associations of Indiana (map) .

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Appendix A: Species list for plant species occurring within Muscatatuck Seep Springs e Research Natural Area as of 19 July, 1990.

Status1 Scientific Name Common Name Year e - --- Acer rubrum Red maple 1988 Alisma subcordatum Common water plantain 88 Alnus serrulata Alder 90 Apios americana Ground nut 88 Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry 88 Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed 88 Boehmeria cylindrica False nettle 88 Cardamine bulbosa Bulbous cress 88 Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bittercress 88 Carex bromoides Sedge 88 Carex comosa Bristly sedge 88 Carex crinita Fringed sedge 88 Carex granularis Sedge 88 Carex grayii Bur sedge 88 Carex lurida Sedge 88 Carex prasina Sedge 88 Carex stipata Sedge 88 Carex vulpinoidea Fox sedge 88 Cephalanthus occidentalis Button bush 90 Chelone sp. 88 Cicuta maculata Water hemlock 88 Comus sp. Dogwood 88 Cuscuta sp. Dodder 88 Decodon verticillatus Swamp loosestrife 88 Dryopteris carthusiana 88 Dryopteris cristata Crested shield fern 88 Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye 88. Eupatorium sp. Thoroughwort 88 Fraxinus nigra Black ash 88 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Red ash 88 Fraxinus tomentosa Pumpkin ash 88 Galium sp. Bedstraw 88 Galium tinctorium Stiff bedstraw 88 Glyceria striata Fowl meadow grass 88 /lex verticillata Winterberry 88 Impatiens biflora Touch-me-not 88

1Status: X=extirpated, E=endangered, T=threatened, R=rare, W=watch, A=alien . • 16 .,..

2pending positive identification, i.e. flowering condition (see text for details) . • 17 ..,.. e Appendix A (can't).

Status Scientific Name Common Name Year ------

Senecio glabellus Butteweed 8e Sium suave Water parsnip 88 Solidago patula Swamp goldenrod 88 Sphenopholis sp. Wedgegrass 88 Stachys tenuifolia Smooth hedge-nettle 88 Stellaria longifolia Stitchwort 88 Teucrium canadense Wild germander 88 Thelypteris palustris Marsh fern 88 r Triadenum walteri Triadenum 88 Typha latifolia Broad-leaved cattail 88 r Viola blanda Smooth white violet 90 Viola missouriensis Missouri violet 88 Vitis sp. Grape 88

TOTAL= 84

• 18 Appendix 8: Black and White Photographs of Muscatatuck Seep Springs Research Natural Area (July 1990).

Figure A. Boundary area between seep (left) and mesic upland forest (right).

Figure B. Seep vegetation with hummocks and wet depressions.

19 Figure C. Cinnamon fern near seepjmesic upland forest boundary area.

Figure D. Sedge hummocks in seep area.

20 .. ~.

J. Personnel Involved in this Report 1. The Administrator and protector of this area is: Refuge Manager Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge

Contact: Donna Stanley

2. Community and rare species data is maintained by: Indiana Natural Heritage Program, Division of Nature Preserves Indiana Department of Natural Resources 605 B State Office Building Indianapolis, IN 46204 (317) 232-4052

Contact: Cloyce Hedge, Director, Indiana Natural Heritage Program Others: Michael Homoya, Botanist, Ecologist, Indiana Natural Heritage Program; Cheryl LeBlanc, Ecologist, Indiana Natural Heritage Program; Jim Aldrich, Director, The Nature Conservancy, Kentucky Field Office .

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