VOLUNTARY PRINCIPLES SECURITY VPSHR AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PLATFORM FOR DIALOGUE GUARDIÃO DA DEMOCRACIA I www.cddmoz.org Sunday, Murch th21, 2021 I Year 1, Number 9 I Director: Prof. Adriano Nuvunga I English

PEMBA WORKSHOP Respecting human rights means giving back peace, dignity and hope to the victims of the conflict

NneNne Iwuji-Eme, Alta Comissária Britânica para Moçambique, Armindo Ngunga, Secretário de Estado da Província de Cabo Delgado, Valige Tauabo, Governador da Província de Cabo Delgado

he Secretary of State for Cabo Delga- bloodthirsty group, see justice done in the fra- do Province said that condemning the mework of crimes against humanity”. Armin- Tblatant violation of human rights in the do Ngunga was speaking on Wednesday 17 context of violent extremism is, above all, to March at the opening of the Pemba workshop condemn the terrorist actions and to ensure on promoting and facilitating the effective im- that the “defenseless populations, victims of plementation of the Voluntary Principles on heinous and inhuman acts perpetrated by that Security and Human Rights in Cabo Delgado. and appropriate equipment for patrolling, for the protection and defense of the homeland and in combating threats to territorial integri- ty.” But, he explains, this transaction occurs in the legitimate pursuit of the most noble public interest which is the defense of sove- reignty and territorial integrity, “because so- vereignty resides in the People and it is from them that the need to guarantee the defen- se of the homeland, of independence and of their conquests naturally emerges”. Regarding the need to protect the popu- lations displaced by the attacks, the Secre- tary of State of Cabo Delgado said that a Plan for the Management of Displaced Peo- ple was designed which, besides identifying, marking out and allocating plots to families ARMINDO NGUNGA, Secretary of State of in new villages, includes the restitution of li- Cabo Delgado velihoods with the opening of farms to en- sure agricultural production. The objective is not to perpetuate humanitarian dependency In a clear reaction to the most recent report in the form of donations, food and shelter, by Amnesty International which accuses the “received from charitable hands that rob the Defense and Security Forces (FDS) of viola- self-esteem and confidence in the future ba- ting human rights in Cabo Delgado, the Se- sed on the work culture”. cretary of State of Cabo Delgado said that In the list of priorities of the State bodies in the population of the province and the Mo- , Ngunga highlights zambican State are being assaulted in the the need to return peace, dignity and hope face of “the complicit silence of some well-k- to displaced communities that “desperately nown institutions in the international arena.” need to get back on their feet to find new “There are not a few times when such institu- opportunities to sleep, dream and wake up tions try to turn the aggressor into a victim, without nightmares” in the places where they inverting, to everyone’s dismay, the meaning are hosted. of the truth.” For Armindo Ngunga, it is contradictory and of no logical sense to believe in infor- mation conveyed on the violation of human rights that attribute to the SDS the criminal acts perpetrated by terrorists, “purposely For Armindo Ngunga, it is ignoring the antecedents, the repeated cri- contradictory and of no logical minal conduct and record of the real aggres- sense to believe in information sors”. conveyed on the violation of In the context of combating terrorism, human rights that attribute to the Ngunga says the inherent demands of natio- SDS the criminal acts perpetrated nal security cannot be seen merely as a bu- siness dependent on the laws of the market, by terrorists, “purposely ignoring demand and supply and its sole orientation the antecedents, the repeated to generate profit. “It may even entail a pe- criminal conduct and record of the cuniary transaction to access some necessary real aggressors”.

2 VPSHR I IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN The United Kingdom reiterates their support for the creation of an enabling environment for the implementation of the Voluntary Principles

of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights for the Government, private sector and civil society. For the public sector, the Voluntary Principles provide a platform to discuss expectations on responsible busi- ness conduct, integrating emerging human rights issues, as well as identify opportunities for implementation. “The Voluntary Principles enable governments to clearly promote res- ponsible business practices, in addition to supporting other public policy objectives re- lated to promoting sustainable development, strengthening and improving the business environment and preventing social conflict.” For the private sector, the Voluntary Prin- ciples enable companies to reduce reputa- NNENNE IWUJI-EME, tional risks and contribute to the stability of UK High Commissioner in business operations, including reducing pro- duction delays - which are often caused by social conflict and political instability. “Private The project that aims to promote and facili- sector participation can also help bring local tate the effective implementation of the Volun- government to the dialogue table, as well as tary Principles on Security and Human Rights leverage their commitment to human rights in Mozambique, with particular focus on Cabo protection.” Delgado Province, is an initiative of the Cen- The UK High Commissioner in Mozambique tre for Democracy and Development (CDD) explained that for civil society and commu- supported by the Government of the United nities, the Voluntary Principles offer a collec- Kingdom. The central aim of the project is to tive learning platform to better support all minimize the risk of human rights abuses and stakeholders through their work on human ri- security related incidents in communities and ghts, peace and security. “We emphasize our to promote transparency and good corporate commitment to supporting the policies of the social responsibility practices. Government of Mozambique to provide an Speaking at the opening ceremony of the environment in which these principles can be Pemba workshop, the UK High Commissioner implemented, especially education at various in Mozambique highlighted the importance levels.”

IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN I VPSHR 3 Private sector says security is a priority condition for improving business environment in Cabo Delgado

ensuring security and the full observance of human rights. “The Universal Declaration of Human Ri- ghts states in Article 3 that every individual has the right to life, liberty and security. The fact is that some of our fellow citizens have lost these rights means that it is up to all of us to do everything in our power to ensure that these rights are restored. It goes without saying that in such a situation, the business environment cannot and could not be good. Many of our small and medium business colleagues join the list of displaced people, they have lost everything, and others are in debt and in a desperate situation.

GULAMO ABOOBAKAR,President of the Business Council of Cabo Delgado “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states in Article 3 that every individual has the The private sector was represented by the right to life, liberty and security. President of the Business Council of Cabo The fact is that some of our fellow Delgado, Gulamo Aboobakar. The busines- citizens have lost these rights sman defended that security is a priority is- means that it is up to all of us to do sue in Cabo Delgado, as it constitutes the everything in our power to ensure necessary condition for the improvement of that these rights are restored. the business environment and the protection of human rights. In fact, the business leader It goes without saying that in argued that the construction of an effective such a situation, the business development requires the consolidation of environment cannot and could not peace and prosperity for all, which implies be good.

4 VPSHR I IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN Osman Yacob, president of the Muslim Community in Cabo Delgado “The communities in Cabo Delgado are intertwi- ned and have been living in communion for cen- turies. Muslims and Christians live together. The Muslim community does extraordinary work in helping communities, especially those displaced by the armed conflict. We will always continue to support the communities. We had the insurgents 25 kilometers from Pemba City, but today they are no longer here. And the turning point star- ted when a favorable environment of cooperation was created between the people and the Defen- se and Security Forces. But the scourge of Cabo Delgado does not come only from the war, it also comes from the lack of clear local content policies capable of leveraging local business and creating jobs for young people, thus reducing their vulne- rability to violent extremism”. OSMAN YACOB, President of the Muslim Representatives of the districts affected by the Community in Cabo Delgado conflict talk about the current challenges

Representantes dos distritos afectados pelo conflito falam dos desafios actuais

The workshop in Pemba was attended by representatives of the districts directly and indirectly affected by violent extremism. On the second and last day of the event, Permanent Secretaries (PS) from these districts spoke about the suffering of the people who lost relatives, the trail of destruction of public and private properties (including thousands of houses) and the challenges the respective governments face in providing assistance to the displaced. Instituto Migrações e Direitos Humanos Instituto Migrações e Direitos Créditos:

IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN I VPSHR 5 “Meluco borders three dis- vernment. By February this tricts affected by the terro- year we had already welco- rist attacks. In our district, med more than nine (9) thou- we recorded attacks in one sand people. 150 families administrative post, where live in the accommodation terrorists vandalized a health center that we set up, we center and forced the aban- have extended power and donment of 11 villages and drilled two boreholes in the closure of 11 schools. In Mar- area. The communities have ch 2020, when the insurgen- been mobilized to become cy was at its peak, we were involved in the surveillance GUILHERME DOS SANTOS, SP unable to supply the district. and security of their villages: Today we have supplies, but they have been instructed the cost of living is high. The to take all people arriving in purchasing power of families the village to the local lea- has been greatly affected. ders. We are having difficul- We received fellow citizens ties dealing with displaced coming from Quissanga, people who, in addition to Macomia and Nangade. We having lost their posses- were not prepared to recei- sions, have seen their relati- ve thousands of displaced ves murdered. These are to- people in our district, it was tally demoralized and need a big challenge for the Go- psychosocial support.”

“It was in Mocímboa da Cabo Delgado. Young peo- Praia where the terrorist at- ple are unemployed. To re- tacks began on 5 October duce youth involvement, we 2017. In March last year we must create opportunities for had the second attack on the professional training and em- municipal village and in July ployment. We must occupy there was the third attack. the youth. We must provide We had to totally abandon professional training so that the District of Mocimboa da young people can have jobs Praia. Commerce and public and be self-supporting. Only and private services are all in this way can we reduce the SÉRGIO MÁRIO, Substitute of the SP of Mocímboa da Praia paralyzed. Civil servants are vulnerability of young peo- scattered in other districts of ple.”

6 VPSHR I IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN “I think we should involve mia District Government is communities, especially you- working to raise awareness th, in this human rights issue. among young people who In fact, it is the youth who are have not yet joined violent leaving the communities to extremist groups as a way to join the terrorist groups. Many reduce their vulnerability to have no idea what human ri- recruitment. But we need su- ghts are - they get involved pport from national and inter- in violent extremism without national partners working in considering the effects. They the area of human rights. They kill their own parents, siblin- should help us raise aware- MARIA JUSTINO, SP of gs and relatives. The Maco- ness among young people.”

“Muidumbe is one of the we had. The health staff aban- districts hard hit by terrorism. doned the district and we had Many villages have been to create mobile brigades to abandoned, the mills have assist the population that re- been burnt, 803 shops have mains in Muidumbe. We in- been burnt, eight (8) boar- troduced a kind of census in ding houses have been burnt, the communities, and paren- five (5) warehouses have been ts tell us where their children burnt. Our people used to are. We are broken, the dis- produce beans and sell them trict is broken. Despite this to traders who came from atmosphere of insecurity, we Pemba and Nampula. But to- always try to sensitize com- BENEDITO VALERIO, SP day this does not exist. Today munities to respect human we only have two (2) health rights, handing over suspects posts, out of the seven (7) that to the authorities.

IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN I VPSHR 7 “Nangade has great poten- are functioning, even though tial in cashew production in some civil servants have left the province. Like many nor- the district. I want to thank thern districts, Nangade is the Defense and Security also plagued by terrorism. In Forces for their efforts in pro- late 2020, many traders who tecting the population. In had left the district started each village we have a local returning to Nangade. But force that protects the area. since February this year we The road from Mueda to Pal- have again registered cases ma and through Nangade of abandonment of the dis- is closed due to the attacks ARNALDO MUEHA, SP of trict, not only by traders, but and this has left the district also by the population. Es- without supplies of food and sential Government services fuel.

“Mueda is regarded as a can our Defense and Securi- welcoming district for the ty Forces avoid using force displaced. We have a social to contain terrorist attacks in catastrophe, we have various a context where the enemy social groups living in the kills and beheads people same space: Defense and indiscriminately. What shou- Security Forces, displaced ld the attitude of our forces people and the native popu- be to solve this problem? lation itself. The difficulties As Government representa- in assisting the displaced tives we have informed our are enormous. On the issue communities of the need to ALBERTINO LOURENÇO, SP of of human rights, I would like be tolerant and forgiving of to ask for clarification: How each other.”

8 VPSHR I IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN Alexandra Sheppard, vice-Alta Comissária Britânica em Moçambique, Valige Tauabo, Governador da Província de Cabo Delgado, Coronel Carlos Mucamissa, Director Nacional da Educação Cívico-Patriótica

Promoting local (Cabo Delgado) content and professional training of youth to reduce their vulnerability to recruitment

The Governor of Cabo Delgado Province the Rovuma basin and the mining companies has argued that it is imperative to work on that explore minerals and precious stones the promotion of local content (meaning local aiming at ensuring employment opportu- content of Cabo Delgado) and other initiati- nities for young people. Investing in youth, ves aimed at professional training of youths giving them opportunities for professional and social integration of vulnerable fami- training, employment and entrepreneurship lies, particularly those headed by the elder- is a valuable way to reduce their vulnerability ly and children. Valige Tauabo was speaking to recruitment by extremist movements that on Thursday, 18 March, at the closing of the terrorize Cabo Delgado. Pemba workshop, an event organized by After two days attending debate sessions CDD as part of the project to facilitate and on “business, security and human rights” promote the effective implementation of the and on Voluntary Principles, Valige Tauabo Voluntary Principles on Security and Human said that the exercise of human rights is an Rights in Mozambique, with particular focus imperative for the realization of the popula- on Cabo Delgado. tion’s well-being. “We will continue to mobi- Besides the promotion of local content, the lize organizations, cooperation partners and Governor of Cabo Delgado considers impor- the population at large to engage in actions tant an advocacy work with small and medium that make the exercise of human rights pre- enterprises, the oil companies operating in vail over all trends.”

IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN I VPSHR 9 The Governor of Cabo Delgado praised He also welcomed the active participation the CDD project, stating that it is an initiati- of representatives of the Government, diplo- ve that reinforces the conviction that it is ne- matic missions, SDFs, private sector, civil so- cessary to guarantee citizen participation in ciety and academics “for the openness and development programmes to strengthen the frankness with which they raised their con- confidence and legitimacy of State bodies, cerns”. “In fact, this space was reserved for “in order to provide a good business envi- us to deepen our understanding of the path ronment and the mobilization of investments we should follow so that the wealth we have necessary for economic and social develop- in Cabo Delgado does not bring misfortune, ment”. but prosperity,” explained Valige Tauabo.

“The creation of a local platform to discuss the Voluntary Principles would be very interesting”.

speech, the British diplomat recalled that the role of each of the intervening parties, namely Government, private sector and civil society, is fundamental for the achievement of the main objective of the initiative: “mini- mizing the risk of human rights abuses and the occurrence of security related incidents in the communities, as well as promoting trans- parency and good practices of corporate so- cial responsibility”. Based on the various discussions promoted within the project (webinars and workshops) recommendations will be made on the next steps, always with the aim of ensuring the participation of more national and internatio- nal actors. Some have already expressed in- ALEXANDRA SHEPPARD, British Deputy terest in being part of the initiative to promo- High Commissioner in Mozambique te and facilitate the effective implementation of the Voluntary Principles in Cabo Delgado. “In this way, it would be very interesting to Representing the UK Government, the pro- create a local platform to discuss the issue ject donor, the Deputy High Commissioner, in order to ensure its appropriation,” sugges- Alexandra Sheppard, attended the closing ted the British Deputy High Commissioner ceremony of the Pemba workshop. In her for Mozambique.

10 VPSHR I IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN “When human rights are put at risk, the State is obliged to act to protect them”

the main purpose of protecting the popula- tions, their property, as well as the protection of public and private material assets, and this includes the oil companies operating in Cabo Delgado.” It is an intervention of a “ complex nature”, in which the military are obliged to comply with national laws and international stan- dards, namely the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Humanita- rian Law. In their actions, the military must assume a posture that results from a series of institutional mechanisms established, “such as the role of the military educational and training institutions, as well as the operatio- nal training of the military, whose activities are also circumscribed in the Civic-Patriotic COLONEL CARLOS MUCAMISSA, Education”. National Director of Civic-Patriotic Education Colonel Carlos Mucamissa recalled that the regulatory framework in the country de- termines that the natural resources in the soil and the subsoil are the property of the Sta- Speaking at the closing ceremony of the te and that the projects for their exploration Pemba workshop and in representation of the represent a priority within the socio-econo- Ministry of National Defense (MDN), Colonel mic development strategy of Mozambique. Carlos Mucamissa, National Director of Civic- In this context, argued Colonel Mucamissa, -Patriotic Education, remarked that when hu- the protection of these resources should be man rights are put at risk, the State is obliged a priority, since “in some regions where pros- to act in order to protect them through the pecting and/or exploration projects take pla- application of all the instruments of power ce, the security environment is challenging, that the law provides. “Within these instru- with direct implications on the observance of ments, as the situation requires, the Armed human rights, as is the case in northern Cabo Forces can be called upon to intervene, with Delgado province.

IN CABO DELGADO BULLETIN I VPSHR 11 EDITORIAL INFORMATION

Property: CDD – Centro para Democracia e Desenvolvimento Director: Prof. Adriano Nuvunga Editor: Emídio Beula Author: Emídio Beula Team: Emídio Beula , Ilídio Nhantumbo, Isabel Macamo, Julião Matsinhe, Janato Jr. e Ligia Nkavando. Layout: CDD

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