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LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Indigenous Learning Institute for Community Empowerment (ILI) Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) October 2011 LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Produced and Published For the Indigenous Learning Institute for Community Empowerment (ILI) By Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) and Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) With Support From International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Inter-Church Organisation for Development Cooperation (ICCO) Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) 55 Ferguson Road, 108, Moo 5, Soi 6 A. Bonifacio Barangay Tambon Sanpranate, Amphur Sansai Baguio City 2600, Philippines Chiang Mai – 50210, Thailand Telephone Number: 63 74 3044239 Telephone Number: +66 (0)53 380 168 Fax Number: 63 74 4437159 Fax Number: +66 (0)53 380752 Email address: [email protected] Email address: [email protected] Website: www.cpaphils.org Website: www.aippnet.org International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) Classensgade 11E DK-2100 Copenhagen O Telephone Number: +45 35 270 500 Fax Number: +45 35 270 506 Email address: [email protected] Website: www.iwgia.org Printed in Baguio City, Philippines, October 2011 ISBN: 978-616-90611-8-2 Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the following whose contributions were essential for the completion of this training manual: • The CPA network for the original training content and design on which this manual was based; and for writing, finalizing, editing, and doing the lay-out and design of this ILI training manual • Indigenous peoples’ organizations in Asia, including IMPECT, KALUMARAN, PACOS and BIRSA, whose experiences, case studies, exercises, stories, examples and suggestions served to enrich the training material • Joan Carling, Jill Cariño, Chris Erni, Atina Gangmei, Elvira Taguba, Sanjay Bosu Mullick and Chupinit Kesmanee for their contributions and constructive comments on improving and finalizing the content of the training manual. • AIPP, IWGIA, CPA and PACOS who worked together from the start in the conceptualization, piloting and implementation of the Indigenous Community Organizing and Leadership Training (ICOLT) Project that has now evolved into the Indigenous Learning Institute for Community Empowerment or ILI. • IWGIA, Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Inter-Church Organisation for Development Cooperation (ICCO) for their generous financial support for the development and publication of the training manual • Photos and drawings are courtesy of Chris Erni, AIPP, Jill Cariño, Kalumaran, the James Balao collection and the CPA photo collection. The Indigenous Learning Institute for Community Empowerment (ILI) is a collaboration among several indigenous peoples’ organizations in Asia that aims to build the capabilities of indigenous peoples’ leaders and organizations in advocating and asserting indigenous peoples’ rights. It was established as a learning institute where indigenous peoples can come together to learn from each other and share their experiences towards empowering their own organizations and communities. ILI is not based in one building or a centralized structure; rather it is found in the numerous local communities, villages and grassroots organizations where indigenous peoples live. ILI is an indigenous term of the Igorot peoples of the Cordillera, Philippines meaning people, identity and community. Among the Ho people of India, ILI means the sacred rice wine that is offered to the gods or spirits of the ancestors in prayer and thanksgiving. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT OF THE TRAINING................................. 23 LEADERSHIP ............................................................................. 37 ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT ................................................... 63 ADVOCACY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS .................................... 95 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS ..............................................................................121 FACILITATION SKILLS AND METHODS..............................................141 ANNEXES................................................................................153 Annex 1: India Context: Ideology of the Indigenous Peoples’ Struggle for Autonomy and Identity ................................................................... 154 Annex 2: Philippines: Basic Indigenous Peoples Orientation and Situation (Mindanao context)........................................................................ 173 Annex 3: Case Study: Traditional Leadership of the Dap-ay System of Sagada ................................................................................................. 184 Annex 4: Sample Structures ............................................................ 186 Annex 5: Types of Indigenous Peoples’ Organizations ........................... 191 Annex 6: Campaign against Open Pit Mining in Itogon, Benguet, Philippines ................................................................................................. 194 Annex 7: Community Forest Governance ............................................ 199 Annex 8: A Campaign Against Distortion of Indigenous Culture ............... 209 INTRODUCTION Introduction This leadership training (LT) manual is intended to build the capacity of indigenous peoples’ leaders, communities and organizations to lead and manage their organizations. The training focuses on leadership principles and organizational management. It provides knowledge and skills needed by indigenous peoples in leading and running their organizations. It also includes skills on advocacy for the recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights, on community development and management of projects and activities and facilitation skills. Included at the end of the training manual are annexes containing particular context papers, specific case studies, actual experiences and samples of organizational structures, which may be used as references, models or examples by the facilitators giving the training. The papers included in the annexes are by no means complete or representative of the overall situation and experiences of indigenous peoples in the whole of Asia. Rather, they provide models and good practices to guide the facilitators and participants in conducting the training. Local facilitators would need to localize and enrich the training material using their own stories, examples and cases appropriate to the particular context and situation of the participants. Other special topics and skills needed by leaders, such as conducting education and information, are not included in this manual, and may be taken up in other courses and specific trainings. There are also special leadership trainings for youth, women, and other sectors that may be taken separately. Before going into the main components of the leadership training, it is necessary to do a presentation or conduct a workshop to discuss the particular situation, issues and needs of the indigenous peoples organizations or communities of the participants. This is necessary in order to provide the wider social context within which their organizations operate, which should always be considered in leading, managing and running an organization. This part should be based on and suited to the particular background and situation of the participants. The methodology of this training is inter-active — through the conduct of workshops, role-playing and practicum to develop certain leadership skills of the participants. The facilitators will provide the basic inputs of the training, but the participants will learn from their own practice and experiences during 2 LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Introduction the training. The duration of the training is flexible, depending on the level of experience, literacy, needs and expectations of the participants. Each sub- topic can be shortened or lengthened as needed. The estimated total number of days needed to conduct this basic training is 3-4 days or around 24 - 36 hours. This training module was originally developed by the Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) and its allied members. It was revised several times based on the feedback, assessment and evaluation by the CPA network throughout the process of its leadership training program through the years. It was further enriched as a result of a national workshop on leadership attended by indigenous participants from different regions of the Philippines. The Basic Leadership Training module developed by CPA was later adopted in the implementation of the Indigenous Community Organizing and Leaders Training (ICOLT) Project Pilot Phase (October 2005 - July 2007), which was a collaboration among different indigenous peoples organizations in Asia, namely, the Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), PACOS of Sabah, Malaysia, the Cordillera Peoples Alliance, and Kalumaran of Mindanao, Philippines. The generic training modules were then translated into local languages and localized to suit the indigenous participants, which contributed to the further enrichment of the module. The experiences and lessons learned during the ICOLT Project Pilot Phase have been helpful in improving the Leadership Training module and the overall conduct of the trainings. Finally, a workshop to refine the module was held in