Family Hapalogastridae

Taxon Authority Brandt, 1850

Species list

Acantholithodes hispidus (Stimpson, 1860) spiny lithode crab Dermaturus mandtii Brandt, 1850 striped crab Hapalogaster grebnitzkii Schalfeew, 1892 northern hairy crab Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 hairy crab Oedignathus inermis (Stimpson, 1860) paxillose crab Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew, 1892 scaled crab

Morphology carapace: dorsoventrally flattened, carapace as long as or wider than long; carapace with linea anomurica; outer orbital spines absent; rostrum: overreaching distal corneal margin, or not overreaching bases of corneas. eye: cornea well developed; ocular acicles absent. antenna 1: flagellum biramous. maxilliped 3: bases widely separated; crista dentata present; accessory tooth present; dactylus simple. pereopod 1: chelate; cheliped right largest. Pereopods 2 to 4 pereopods 2 to 4 all of similar form; 2-4 with basis and ischium fused; dactyli of pereopods 2 to 3 simple. Pereopod 3 about the same length as pereopod 2; pereopods 3 dactyli and propodi of right and left similar. Pereopod 4 simple. sternum: partially divided; sternite of pereopod 5 reduced, contiguous with preceding sternite; somite of pereopod 5 not fused with first abdominal somite, or somite of pereopod 5 fused with first abdominal somite. abdomen: reduced, carried under thorax, abdomen with distinct somites. Epimera (pleura) absent. male pleopods 3-5 absent; none modified as gonopods. Male with no other sexual modifications; female with first pleopods paired and modified as gonopods. Uropods: absent. Telson: present, entire. References basis of record: McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Komai, Tomoyuki; Lemaitre, Rafael; Dwi Listyo Rahayu, (2010). Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement No. 23: 5-107

Patsy A. McLaughlin, Tomoyuki Komai, Rafael Lemaitre & Dwi Listyo Rahayu (2010). Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. In Martyn E. Y. Low and S. H. Tan. "Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea)". Zootaxa Suppl. 23: 5–107. McLaughlin, P., S. Ahyong & J.K. Lowry (2002 onwards). 'Anomura: Families.' Version: 2 October 2002. http://crustacea.net'. ACANTHOLITHODES HISPIDUS

Taxon Authority (Stimpson, 1860)

Common Names spiny lithode crab

Geographic Range Off Morovskoy Bay, Alaska, to Monterey, California; Distribution in British Columbia-Recorded mostly from the Strait of Georgia but probably widespread in localities where shrimp are abundant.

Habitat Intertidal to 135 m; Rocky or muddy areas. Predator of shrimp and often caught deep-water prawn traps.

Morphology eyestalk: small, cone-shaped and cornea oval. rostrum: prominent, ending in strong spines. carapace: flattened, with numerous short setose spines; broadly pear-shaped, widest just past midlength; branchial regions with slight depressed area, sharp narrow cleft between cardiac and gastric regions. chelipeds and ambulatory legs armed with numerous spines. abdomen: short, broad and soft. Calcified anteriorly and bearing many small setose spines

Size Carapace length: male to 62X64 mm; female 49X50 mm

Coloration Body yellowish to tan, spines darker, sometimes with faint bands of red on legs; hands of chelipeds with tinge of red, fingers bright red with white teeth and black tips.

Synonyms Dermaturus hispidus Stimpson, 1860

Remarks Until recently, Lithodidae comprised two subfamilies, Hapalogastrinae Brandt, 1850, and Lithodinae Samouelle, 1819. McLaughlin et al. (2007) raised Hapalogastrinae and Lithodinae each to family level, within a superfamily Lithodoidea References basis of record: McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Komai, Tomoyuki; Lemaitre, Rafael; Listyo Rahayu, Dwi. (2010). Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement No. 23: 5-10

Hart, J.F.L. 1982 Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia. Handbooks British Columbia Provincial Museum. 40:1-266 + figures 1-102

McLaughlin, P. A., Lemaitre R., & Sorhannus U. (2007). Hermit crab phylogeny: a reappraisal and its “fall out”.. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 21(1), 97-115

Wicksten, M.K. 2009. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. UC San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sk9t2dz DERMATURUS MANDTII

Taxon Authority Brandt, 1850

Common names wrinkled crab

Geographic range Northern Pacific: Alaska and Japan. Pribilof Islands; Aleutian Islands and Alaska

Habitat Inhabits mainly stony bottoms from littoral to a depth of 72 m.

Morphology

Size Size of carapace. 23,0 x 23,0 mm (length x width).

Coloration reddish-brown

References basis of record: Mclaughlin, P. A.; Komai, T.; Lemaitre, R.; Listyo, R. (2010). Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea. Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement No 23, 5-107

Ahyong, S. (2015). Dermaturus mandtii Brandt, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=590106 on 2017- 03-07 HAPALOGASTER GREBNITZKII

Taxon Authority Schalfeew, 1892

Common Names northern hairy crab

Geographic Range North Pacific Ocean from Sea of Japan to Alaska and south to southeast side of Winter lnlet, Pearse Island, British Columbia 30°27.5’W; Distribution in British Columbia-known only from the above record.

Habitat Well adapted to secrete themselves between loose rocks and in rocky crevices

Morphology eyestalk: short and stout. antenna: base spined. maxillipeds: inner margin of last 2 segments of third maxilliped not inflated. carapace: relatively flat, covered with short, soft, capitate setae as well as tufts of longer, stiff, clavate setae. Margin of carapace behind cervical 'groove cut into stout teeth, which decrease in size posteriorly. rostrum: broadly triangular with a sharp tip and longer than orbital and antero-lateral teeth which are subequal in length with tips curved toward each other. pereopods: right cheliped stout with dactyl slightly more than half length of palm. Palm with 3 longitudinal rows of spines, the stout upper row being separated from the other 2 by a flat smooth surface. Fingers stout, spoonshaped, with finely toothed margins. Ventrally mostly naked with an elongated membranous area at base of fixed finger. Smaller left cheliped similar but without membranous area. Walking legs flattened; all dorsal margins (except those of dactyls) are serrate with stout teeth as are the ventral margins of the meri. Chelipeds and walking legs setose, like the carapace, but with the addition of many long, soft setae on the outer margins. abdomen: setose.

Size Carapace of male 23 X 24 mm.

Coloration Preserved specimen similar to H. mertensii. Colour of surface masked by light brown setae. Carapace red and orange; marginal spines with white tips. Branchial area pale blue-grey. Abdomen pale brown. Fingers of chelipeds red with yellow tips and white teeth. Walking legs with patches of red dorsally and orange ventrally, with dactyls red proximally and orange distally; claw dark brown. Antenna! flagellum uniform brown. Sternum orange with some red spots Remarks Until recently, Lithodidae comprised two subfamilies, Hapalogastrinae Brandt, 1850, and Lithodinae Samouelle, 1819. McLaughlin et al. (2007) raised Hapalogastrinae and Lithodinae each to family level, within a superfamily Lithodoidea

References Hart, J.F.L. 1982 Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia. Handbooks British Columbia Provincial Museum. 40:1-266 + figures 1-102

McLaughlin, P. A., Lemaitre R., & Sorhannus U. (2007). Hermit crab phylogeny: a reappraisal and its “fall out”.. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 21(1), 97-115

McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Komai, Tomoyuki; Lemaitre, Rafael; Listyo Rahayu, Dwi. (2010). Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement No. 23: 5-107 HAPALOGASTER MERTENSII

Taxon Authority Brandt, 1850

Common Names hairy crab

Geographic Range Atka, Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound, Washington. Widespread in British Columbia in suitable habitats

Habitat To 55m Usually occur under loose rocks, especially wll covered with seaweeds. The animals are adept at clinging tif undersurface of rocks and squeezing into narrow crevices parasitized by the rhizochephalan[i] Briarosaccus tennellus[/i]

Morphology eyestalk: long and slender antenna: base spiny rostrum: narrow pointed, and longer than orbital. Antero-lateral teeth straight ai and much longer than orbital. carapace: relatively flat with soft capitate setae and elongate clavate setae and stiff bristles on tips of spines. Margin of carapace behind cervical groovescut into long slender teeth decreasing in size posteriorly. maxillipeds: Inner margin of last 2 segments of 3rd maxilliped distinctly inflated. pereopods: Right cheliped like that of [i]H. grebnitzkii[/i] but usually has 4 longitudinal rows of spines on palm. Dactyl about 1/4 length of palm. Walking legs also similar but marginal teeth Ionger and more slender and with stiff setae near tips of spines. abdomen: narrow plates on 2nd segment

Size Carapace: male 25X25mm; female 22X24mm

Coloration Carapace brown ánd red, with a few white spots, with pale yellowish tan or dark brown setae and bristles. Tips of chelipeds orange and teeth white; other surfaces like the carapace. Walking legs with a dark red band and 2 white bands on the propodus. Dactyl red-brown and pale brown with black claw. Sternurn red. Eyestalk pale brown; cornea black with orange flecks. Flagellum of antenna banded with wide brown sections and narrow translucent ones.

Hart, J.F.L. 1982 Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia. Handbooks British Columbia Provincial Museum. 40:1-266 + figures 1-102

McLaughlin, P. A., Lemaitre R., & Sorhannus U. (2007). Hermit crab phylogeny: a reappraisal and its “fall out”.. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 21(1), 97-115 OEDIGNATHUS INERNIS

Taxon Authority (Stimpson, 1860)

Common Names paxillose crab

Geographic Range Korea, Japan; Dutch Harbor, Alaska to Pacific Grove, California. Type locality Puget Sound.

Habitat Rocky subtidal zones, especially in areas with strong currents. Rarely intertidal, to 15 m.

Morphology rostrum: triangular, with frontolateral teeth and small teeth just mesial to them. carapace: widest behind midlength, with abrupt angle at anterior edge of widest point; covered with scale-like plates; pereopods: Chelipeds unequal, covered by wart-like granules; hand of larger cheliped large and swollen, fingers with gape at base. Walking legs with tubercles; stiff setae on dactyls. abdomen: of female somewhat hardened on left side.

Size Carapace length to 30 mm

Coloration Brown. Tubercles darker; tubercles on major cheliped of adult blue.

Synonyms Hapalogaster brandtii Schalfeew, 1892 Hapalogaster inermis Stimpson, 1860 Oedignathus gilli Benedict, 1895

Hart, J.F.L. 1982 Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia. Handbooks British Columbia Provincial Museum. 40:1-266 + figures 1-102

McLaughlin, P. A., Lemaitre R., & Sorhannus U. (2007). Hermit crab phylogeny: a reappraisal and its “fall out”.. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 21(1), 97-115 PLACETRON WOSNESSENKII

Taxon Authority Schalfeew, 1892

Common Names scaled crab

Geographic Range Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to Puget Sound, Washington. Distribution in British Columbia- Widespread.

Habitat Subtidal in rocky area. Very quick moving; therefore, rarely caught in dredges. SCUBA divers can chase them so more have been caught in recent years. Often associated with sea anemones, Metridium senile. The spines on the tips of the walking legs may be an adaptation to life in such a habitat. Intertidal to 110m.

Morphology eyestalk short and protected by rostrum rostrum: triangular and curved downward. carapace: flattened, wider posteriorly than long, with curved protuberances bordered anteriorly with short bristles giving the impression of scales. pereopods: Chelipeds slender, subequal and slightly shorter than walking legs, scaled, with forward-pointing sharp teeth on inner margin of merus and carpus. Hand with spoon-shaped fingers. Walking legs long and stout, scaled, and dorsal margin of merus irregularly serrate with sharp teeth. Ventral distal propodus with needle-like movable spines; dactyl with a row of strong movable and curved sharp claws. abdomen: Anterior dorsal part of abdomen flat with some thin calcareous plates which are scaled. The rest of the abdomen is rounded and soft except for a calcareous telson. In the female there is a calcified area on the left side supporting the pleopods.

Size Carapace: male 61 X 72 mm; female 50 X 53 mm

Coloration Carapace medially red-brown and laterally grey with dark brown scales. Chelipeds with red-brown or orange scales and grey or turquoise teeth with white tips. Hand orange and tan with dark red-brown area on dorsal palm and some turquoise streaks on fingers. Walking legs: ischium red-brown; merus orange-brown with red-brown and turquoise bands distally and a small patch of scarlet at junction of carpus which is pale turquoise dorsally and orange ventrally with a dark red band medially; propodus similar but with two dark red bands, and a terminal orange band with black ventral spines; dactyl dark red to orange with spines and claw black. Calcified parts of abdomen light brown, the rest olive green. Eyestalk dark brown; cornea brick red. Antenna! flagellum red. Synonyms Lepeopus forcipatus Benedict, 1895

References basis of record: McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Komai, Tomoyuki; Lemaitre, Rafael; Listyo Rahayu, Dwi. (2010). Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement No. 23: 5-107

Hart, J.F.L. 1982 Crabs and their relatives of British Columbia. Handbooks British Columbia Provincial Museum. 40:1-266 + figures 1-102.

McLaughlin, P. A., Lemaitre R., & Sorhannus U. (2007). Hermit crab phylogeny: a reappraisal and its “fall out”.. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 21(1), 97-115