Modern edition of texts and maps of the cadastral land survey of Swedish 1692-1709 on the internet with help of WebGIS and Content Management System

Prof. Dr. Reinhard Zölitz Department of Cartography and GIS Institute of Geography and Geology University, Land Survey of Swedish Pomerania

First complete Cadastre on German Territory:

„Swedish Maps “ 1692-1709

„Swedish-Pomerania“: 8 700 km2 (= 3359 sq miles) and the land register

1648: Sweden acquires as a result of the 30 year war in Europe

The region was in a bad shape after the war: demographic and economic crisis, parts of the land were depopulated, many villages and farms were deserted

Government in Stockholm aimed at a new tax basis

Swedish national surveying was already on a high level at that time: Since 1628: national land surveying office in Stockholm, practicing „geometric survey“ of land property

Urkarte Ahlbeck Surveying

Work began in spring (May). Surveyors travelled with an assistant, carried out the surveying, drew sketches and original maps

Surveying method: local triangulation of each single village district

Equipment: plane-table, diopter sight, compass, measurement chain

Result: fairly precise maps , in most cases 1 map sheet for 1 village sydaby.eget.net/map/Image1.jpg Interviews / Text volumes

Surveyors interviewed landlords, renters, farmers, pastors and other locals able to give information about …

property relations taxes, services soil properties seed and yield of arable lands, meadows and pastures, forests and fish ponds Text volumes, draft and final version, 74 of etc. them remained

Language is „older modern Swedish“ Results Colored village maps (always 2: original map and final map)

Map scale approx 1 : 8000, in some cases smaller scale

remained:

646 original maps 857 final maps (contemporary copies for official use)

+ 110 (later) copies of original maps

Final map of Redebas (1695) Precision

Geometric precision of the land survey mostly is quite high

But: Areas, which were not in use, have been surveyed less precisely:

Particularly littoral zones, wetlands and large forests were difficult to survey, e.g. regarding accessibility or visibility

Here we find lower precision of the maps

Final map of Darß with Prerow (1696) Layout plan of villages evident from positioning of Details farmyards

Final map of Wolfshagen (1696) Link to the texts Capital letters for fields

Lower-case characters differenciate these more, e.g. soil properties

Final map Langenhanshagen (1696) The source matters to:

•Historians • Geographers • Landscape Ecologists •Cartographers • Linguists, Philologists • Archeologists • Landscape Planners • Coast Protectionists • Forest Historians • Local Historians, Genealogists

It´s still not enough processed and analyzed. Main barriers for general use are: • Older modern of the texts, missing translation, missing scientific edition • One village - one map (no contiguous larger region on one map) • Missing geo-reference, no easy overlay with recent maps and air photos • Missing digital processing Landuse near Greifswald 1695 Landuse near Greifswald 1998 First step towards the Internet: DHM project

Digital Historical Maps Access to historical cartographic information from public archives • EU project • Grant: 1.1.1999 – 30.6.2001 • Partners in Sweden and • > 7000 maps on the web • Homepage was closed in 2003 German Contribution: Greifswald University contributed with maps of Swedish Landsurvey of Pomerania (1692-1709) available at the map collection of the Department of Geography Next step: GeoGreif

DFG funding for University Computer Center (2004 – 2006): Project „Greifswald Information System for the Swedish Land Survey of Pomerania – Digital Archive“

Development of a Content Management System for storage , administration, and retrieval of digital ressources in different formats

Completion: end of 2006; sustainability assured by long term warranty given by the University Computer Centre GeoGreif: Section Swedish Land Survey Map of ”Aalgraben” Map view, zoom in Page turning in text volume DFG project 2008 – 2012

• Maps and texts of the Swedish Land Survey of Pomerania 1692-1709

• GIS-supported edition of the first German cadastre on the internet

Partners: • Historians from neighboring Rostock University (Prof. Kroll) • Geographers of Greifswald University (Prof. Zölitz)

Advisory Board: o Historical Commission for Pomerania (Prof. Olesen) o State Archive Greifswald (Dr. Schoebel)

Text products

 Digital facsimiles of the originals (final and draft version)

• Transkriptions of the texts, digital text format

• German translation of the swedish texts, digital text format

Transcriptions and translations get additional thematic and critical annotations

Transcription

Transcriptions of texts (final version, but complete collation with draft version) in digital text format which can be browsed (html and pdf)

Det går inte att v isa bilden för tillfället. Translation

German translation of the Swedish texts, in digital text format which can be browsed (html, pdf) and tagged (xml)

Examples for tagging: professions Map products

 Digital facsimiles of map originals (draft and final original map)

• Georeferenced (geocoded) maps

• Vectorized maps in widespread vector format (shape, for GIS analysis and as input for the WebGIS)

Facsimiles of the maps

Digital facsimiles of texts originals already available in GeoGREIF

http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/geogreif Georeferencing

Distortion grid of final map Modern topogaphic map of Tribohm, when ground 1:10.000 control points are set carefully

Lars Voigtländer, Master thesis Georeferencing

Method used:

2D-Helmert-Transformation (affine T.) 4 Parameters: - Scaling (1) - Rotation (1) - Translation (2) Georeferencing of large numbers of map sheets 1st step: „one-point-referencing“

Village

North

Scale Georeferencing Scaling 1000 „Ellen“ = 584 meters Georeferencing Rotation: Declination

T. L. Hansen, Tromsø Geophysical Observatory, http://geomag.usgs.gov/models/models/ Reference: Ludwigsburg (13°50'E / 54°06‚N, 0 m asl) -6° for 1700 ad (British Geological Survey, Global) +2° für 2004 ad (International Geomagnetic Reference Field, Global) 2nd step: Precise adjustment, tuning

Geo-data sources DOP 2003/2007, TK-10, ETRS, 2x2km DHDN, 2.5x2.5km

We are looking more for lines than for points: e.g. borderlines of fields and village borders

Precise adjustment by shift of the one-point- referenced map, until best fitting placement is achieved Example: final map of Rubenow Rubenow, Digital Orthophoto 2003 Rubenow, zoom, map + DOP 2003 Qualitative grading of ground control corridors

Re f e r e nz e n unbefNot sufficient r i edi gend ausrSufficient ei chend genügendQuite satisfactory gutGood sehrVery gutgood Georeferencing

Conclusion: Method of One-Point-Referencing, with additional precise adjustment by fit to lines (borders), is appropriate for an efficient geocoding of Swedish Land Survey Maps 1:8,000 Precision: 10-40 m

Equivalent / Analogy: (referring to modern maps)

1:25,000 (to 1:50,000) Georeferencing Problems – example of Kemnitz village

ca. 45m Vectorising: points Vectorising: lines Vectorising: polygons, 2 versions WebGIS

• Relational database with standardized text content, extracted from text volumes; for retrieval on the web, for download by public users, and as precondition for the WebGIS

• Web-GIS with basic query functionality: linking of map objects (polygons) with textual information

Link GIS - Database

How to link translated text and GIS ? Database model, relational

Administrative unit, parish Place name

Persons index & subject index

Field description Meta data (Dublin Core, ISO 15836) List of places, e.g. Kemtz (hist_name) today Kemnitz (name)

Field description, e.G. for Kemtz "Aa .. loamy, humous, some sand, mostly quite good arable soil“ Database List of all symbols, e.g. ID=4711 is "Aa"

Aa GIS Map of Kemtz SVEA-Pommern: Query in WebGIS http://www.svea-pommern.de SVEA-Pommern: Query in WebGIS http://www.svea-pommern.de [] SVEA-Pommern: WebGIS technique

• Link between GIS and database made possible by consistent codes in database and in attribute tables of vector maps • Links to GeoGREIF system (with facsimiles of maps and texts) realized by references in the database and in XML files of the texts (and derivated PDF or HTML files ) • MapClient for WebGIS and database queries are based on Web 2.0 techniques (OpenLayers, Javascript, AJAX[, PHP) • MapServer is UMN Mapserver (open source) • Webserver is Apache • DBMS is MySQL Link to text transcriptions Link to text translations Link Database - GIS -> search for places

click http://www.svea-pommern.de Link Database - GIS -> search for places http://www.svea-pommern.de Link Database - GIS -> search for places

http://www.svea-pommern.de

click Link Database - GIS -> search for places http://www.svea-pommern.de Link Database - GIS -> thematic index http://www.svea-pommern.de

„Apple trees“ Free text search (in text edition ) http://www.svea-pommern.de

„Mill“ Base map could be modern topo map from a WMS Base Layers and Overlays

Overlays: • Highlighting of polygons after selection wanted? • Name of surveyor • Parish • Land use (before revision) • Land use (after revision) • Facsimile of original map • State of our project work progress (GIS) • State of our work progress (texts) Base Layers: • No background wanted • Topographic map • Air photo, labeled • Air photo • Overview map Visit us on the web

Thanks a lot for your patience

http://www.svea-pommern.de