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ORCHID CONSERVATION NEWS the Newsletter of the Orchid Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission

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ORCHID CONSERVATION NEWS the Newsletter of the Orchid Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission ORCHID CONSERVATION NEWS The Newsletter of the Orchid Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Issue 3 December 2015 The Many Faces of Conservation North American Orchids: Editorial An assessment of global status When we digitize herbaria, bank seeds or DNA, and Jyotsna Sharma make orchid-related data and literature universally Texas Tech University available through networks such as the GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility (www.gbif.org) , we <[email protected]> are making wise use of what has already been recorded, reported, studied, and preserved from the past, thus A team led by Dr. Jyotsna Sharma (Texas Tech favouring future conservation initiatives. We cannot University) recently completed the global status recreate the past but without knowledge of the past, and assessment of 27 additional orchid taxa native to North a baseline of what is presently known about species America based on the IUCN (International Union for conservation status, we could be hampered when Conservation of Nature) assessment criteria. The addressing future conservation issues. recently added species include: Basiphyllaea corallicola, Calopogon multiflorus, Corallorhiza In this issue, we read about Global Status Assessment bentleyi, Eulophia ecristata, Galeandra bicarinata, of 27 North American orchid taxa by a team led by Dr. Hexalectris revoluta, Hexalectris warnockii, Isotria Jyotsna Sharma, Texas Tech University, USA, and medeoloides, Malaxis bayardii, Malaxis wendtii, about some of the challenges they faced. We also learn Oncidium ensatum, Peristylus holochila, Platanthera about one of the latest reintroduction successes from chapmanii, Platanthera integrilabia, Platanthera Singapore where Dr. Tim Wing Yam, Singapore leucophaea, Platanthera yadonii, Platanthera Botanic Gardens, beginning with a single plant of yosemitensis, Platanthera zothecina, Spiranthes Robiquetia spathulata discovered on the island in 2006. brevilabris, Spiranthes delitescens, Spiranthes These two projects and others recently published (see diluvialis, Spiranthes infernalis, Spiranthes parksii, Food for Thought) demonstrate how we can move Spiranthes torta, Triphora amazonica, Triphora forward, learning from past experience, and sharing our craigheadii, Triphora yucatanensis. collective knowledge toward more effective orchid Members of the Orchidaceae remain some of the least conservation. represented in the IUCN Red List Database. To remedy Marilyn H. S. Light, Editor [email protected] this situation, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK, had recently taken the initiative to conduct assessments of an _______ increasing number of orchid species. Toward this end, assessments of all Cypripedium species were completed ____________ in 2014, however, the orchids of North America remained some of the least represented overall. In our latest set of assessments, all taxa listed under the US 1 Endangered Species Act and all species currently ranked G1 or G2 by NatureServe were included. Hexalectris revoluta, Brewster County, Texas Like many other plant taxa, orchids present some unique challenges when they are evaluated against the Red List Assessment Criteria, which are quantitative in nature to preclude subjectivity and bias. It was evident that even the rare plant species are not tracked regularly over time, nor at each sub-population. Considering that regularly collected data on the area occupied by the species and number of reproductive individuals at each Platanthera yadonii, Monterey County, California location are necessary to calculate percentage decline and other measures, lack of quantitative data from a large number of sub-populations can hinder meaningful assessment of the status of a species. Further, it is also necessary to document the specific threats to each sub- population. While the sub-population level data for orchid taxa are somewhat better organized in the United States, this is not the case when evaluating taxa with range extensions into other countries. Despite the challenges listed above, the Assessment process allowed us to compile available data, clarify taxonomic ambiguities, and to identify the gaps in data. The latter will likely fuel efforts to fill such gaps to facilitate the assessment of the remaining taxa and to allow updates to the previously assessed species. We encourage orchid scientists and enthusiasts to utilize and submit the population survey forms compiled by their respective state and regional agencies to populate orchid Spiranthes brevilabris, San Jacinto County, Texas biology databases in North America. All photos by the author 2 This collaborative project funded by the National Fish wind and sunlight in a multitude of microclimates. and Wildlife Foundation through the Native Plant During the severe droughts in 2014 and 2015, we Conservation Initiative program included personnel worked with Parks and Streetscape managers to ensure from Texas Tech University (Jyotsna Sharma and that the plants were not under excessive water stress. We Kirsten Poff), NatureServe (Anne Frances and Amanda were very glad to find that most of our plants managed Treher), NOAA (Theresa Goedeke), Royal Botanic to get through the drought and are thriving. The species Gardens, Kew (Mike Fay and Hassan Rankou), and has very effective mechanisms to reduce water stress. IUCN (Catherine Sayer). We gratefully acknowledge These mechanisms include the extensive and healthy the support for this project from Marilyn Light (North fleshy root system and the thick leathery leaves. Such American Region, Orchid Specialist Group), Phil mechanisms enable the species to conserve water under Delphey (US Fish and Wildlife Service), Kathryn water stress. The recent abnormal weather conditions are Kennedy (Center for Plant Conservation), Native raising concerns about the pace of climate change in the Orchid Conference Inc., and Gary Krupnik (Plant region. In order to prepare for climate change, we need Conservation Unit, Smithsonian National Museum of to look out for plants that can survive the extreme Natural History). weather conditions. Robiquetia spathulata is certainly an excellent choice. Link to publications (please use taxon name to access the respective assessment): http://www.iucnredlist.org/search (Assessments will become publicly available on 19 November 2015) _______________ Successful reintroduction of Robiquetia spathulata in Singapore Tim Wing Yam Singapore Botanic Gardens <[email protected]> Robiquetia spathulata was rediscovered in Pulau Ubin in June 2006. It was growing on a Vitex pinnata, next to a bird nest fern. The plant was propagated by the Singapore Botanic Gardens’ micropropagation laboratory, and eventually reintroduced successfully into many areas all over the island. From 2012 to 2015, more than 900 plants have been planted at the following locations: Gelang Park Connector, Pasir Ris Park, Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West, Pulau Ubin, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, MacRitchie Nature Reserve, Bukit Batok Nature Park, Zhenghua Nature Park, Faber Heights, Fort Canning Park and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Robiquetia spathulata rediscovered at Pulau Ubin More than 90% of the reintroduced plants survived, with strong root systems and healthy leaves. We are very happy that some of these plants have flowered in 2015. The high survival rate of this species makes it a suitable choice for reintroduction into Singapore’s urban environment, as it is able to withstand the extremes of 3 Food for Thought Cruz-Higareda, J. B., Luna-Rosales, B. S., & A. Barba- Alvarez (2015). A novel seed-baiting technique for the epiphytic orchid Rhynchostele cervantesii, a means to acquire mycorrhizal fungi from protocorms. Lankesteriana 15: 67–76. Kalyan K. De & Sujit Sil (2015). Protocorm-like bodies and plant regeneration from foliar explants of Coelogyne flaccida, a horticulturally and medicinally important endangered orchid of eastern Himalaya. Lankesteriana 15: 151–158. Lin, W., Downing, J. L., Liu, H., Ma, X.,Ying, T. Zhang, Z- B., Wang, Z. S. & Y-B. Luo. (2015). Reproductive biology and conservation implications for the endangered orchid Reintroduction in the secondary forest in Pulau Ubin Geodorum eulophioides and its sympatric congeners in Southwestern China. Lindleyana in Orchids 84 (9): 562–569. Liu, H., Ren, H., Liu, Q.,Wen, X. Y., Maunder, M. & J. Y. Gao. (2015). Translocation of threatened plants as a conservation measure in China. Conservation Biology 29: 1537–1551. doi: 10.1111/cobi.12585 Ospina-Calderón, N. H., Duque-Buitrago, C. A., Tremblay, R. L., & J. Tupac Otero (2015). Pollination ecology of Rodriguezia granadensis (Orchidaceae). Lankesteriana 15: 129–139. Pandey, M., Richards, M. & J. Sharma. (2015). Microsatellite- based genetic diversity patterns in disjunct populations of a rare orchid. Genetica 143: 143:693–704. Tìšitelová, T., Kotilínek, M., Jersáková, J., Joly, F.-X., Košnar, J., Tatarenko, I. & M.-A. Selosse (2015). Two widespread green Neottia species (Orchidaceae) show mycorrhizal preference for Sebacinales in various habitats and ontogenetic stages. Molecular Ecology 24(5) : 1122–1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13088 Reintroduced plant flowered at MacRitchie Nature Reserve Photos by the author ___________________ 4 Meetings Mark you Calendars! International Orchid Conservation Congress IOCC6 - Hong Kong May 16-20, 2016 Four days of conference sessions in downtown Hong Kong, plus one day for visiting Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (http://www.kfbg.org/eng/) to learn about challenges for conservation in the region. ___________________ Call for conservation news Members are asked to provide news of their recent conservation activities for publication in the OSG Conservation News. Please submit material in Microsoft Word, and illustrations, if any, as separate jpeg files (not embedded), including a caption and photographic credit. Changes to contact information? To maintain effective communication, we need to know of any changes in contact information. Please inform the OSG Chair, Dr. Mike Fay ([email protected]) 5.
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