Med. Hist. (2012), vol. 56(4), pp. 562–584. c The Author 2012. Published by Cambridge University Press 2012 doi:10.1017/mdh.2012.74 ‘Fibre Body’: The Concept of Fibre in Eighteenth-century Medicine, c.1700–40 HISAO ISHIZUKA∗ Department of English, School of Literature, Senshu University, 2-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tamaku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan Abstract: This paper attempts a comprehensive account of ‘fibre medicine’ elaborated by iatromechanists from c. 1700 to c. 1740. Fibre medicine, a medical theory informed by the notion of the fibre, has been neglected by medical historians despite the pivotal role played by the fibre in animal economy. Referring to a wide range of medical fields such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, therapeutics and life sciences, this paper elucidates the ways that the fibre serves as an indispensable concept for iatromechanists to establish their medical theories. This paper also highlights the metaphorical dimension of the fibre as an integral part of fibre medicine. In re-evaluating the concept of the fibre, this paper seeks to redress the neuro-centric view of eighteenth-century medicine, and attempts to locate the fibre body amidst the fundamental shift from humoralism to solidism. Keywords: Fibre, Nerves, Tone and Elasticity, Stamina, Iatromechanism, Solidism Introduction Medical historians have not paid due attention to the crucial place of fibre in eighteenth- century medical theory.1 Discourse on the concept of fibre played a pivotal role in an emerging vision of the secular (modern) body in eighteenth-century medicine. The present article deals with this important aspect of British medical theory in the anatomy, physiology, pathology, therapeutics and biology of the first half of the eighteenth century.2 ∗ Email address for correspondence:
[email protected] This research was aided in part by Grant, ‘18seiki keimoki no igaku ni okeru fibre riron no tenkai’ (Heisei 22), from Senshu University.