REPORT DOCUMENTATION FORM WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER University of Hawai'i at Manoa

1SERIES 2COWRR NUMBER Project Report PR-2002-07 FIELD-GROUP 05-C 3TITLE 4 REPORT DATE March 2002 Regional Monitoring of Benthic Fauna in 5 NO. OF Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, August 2001 PAGES xi + 158 6 NO. OF 7NO. OF TABLES 30 1 FIGURES 36 8 AUTHORS 9 GRANT AGENCY Richard C. Swartz City and County of Honolulu Julie H. Bailey-Brock Department of Environmental Services William J. Cooke E. Alison Kay

10 CONTRACT NUMBER C54997 11 DESCRIPTORS: wastewater outfall, benthic fauna, water pollution, mollusks, polychaetes, oligochaetes, crustaceans, amphipods, isopods, marine sediments, statistical analysis IDENTIFIERS: Mamala Bay, benthic sampling, impacts to benthic community, Oahu, Hawaii

12 ABSTRACT (PURPOSE. METHOD, RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS) Benthic fauna in Mamala Bay was sampled on 8-17 August 2001 at 22 stations with a modified van Veen grab sampler and at 18 stations with diver-operated sediment corers. Station locations were selected according to a random probabilistic sampling design. The depth range of the stations was 0.9 to 79.6 m. Baseline conditions in Mamala Bay in 2001 are described with respect to the range in sediment and biological parameters; the spatial distribution ofsamples with minimal values oftaxa richness; cluster analysis ofstations based on faunal similarity; dominant species composition; quantitative changes in the abundance and taxa richness ofnonmollusks, crustaceans, and mollusks in relation to water depth; and the frequency distribution of areal taxa richness. Sediments were predominantly (>85%) sand at all stations. Total organic carbon in the sediments ranged from 0.21 % to 0,76%. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen ranged from 59 to 665 mg/dry kg. Values for oxidation-reduction potential showed no evidence ofreducing conditions at the surface ofsediments at any station. A total of?,053 nonmollusk individuals from 234 taxa were collected. Nematodes represented 29.6%, polychaetes 28.4%, crustaceans 24.0%, oligochaetes 7.9%, and nemerteans 3.6% oftotal nonmollusk abundance. Total nonmollusk abundance ranged from 3 individuals/ sample (661/m2, at Station 62) to 594 individuals/sample (130,939/m2, at Station 92). The number of nonmollusk taxa ranged from 2 (at Stations 62, 74, and 88) to 67 (at Station 67). Crustacean abundance ranged from 0 (at Station 98) to 215 (47,394/m2, at Station 77). The number of crustacean taxa ranged from 0 (at Station 98) to 29 (at Station 67). Mollusks were analyzed separately because they represent time-averaged collections of live and dead shells. Mollusk abundance ranged from 30 individuals/15 cmJ (at Station 95) to 798 individuals/15 cm3 (at Station 82). The number of mollusk taxa per 15 cm3 ranged from 9 (at Station 96) to 64 (at Station 100), Index values for diversity and evenness were quite variable for both nonmollusks and mollusks. Correlation and cluster analyses indicated that the differences in the nonmollusks ofMamala Bay were associated primarily with depth. The data were therefore di vided according to eight 10-m depth ranges. The abundance and taxa richness of both nonmollusks and the crustacean component of the nonmollusks were highest at depth ranges between 30 and 60 m and lower in deeper and shallower water. Most low values of nonmollusk taxa richness were recorded for shallow waters and were widely distributed along the bay. The frequency distribution ofnonmollusk taxa richness reflected the dichotomy between the taxa-rich sites of intermediate depths and the taxa-poor sites in shallow and deep water. The relation to depth was less obvious for mollusks, which were more evenly distributed in the bay, especially in terms oftaxa richness. However, the highest mean abundance for mollusks was recorded for the two deepest depth ranges between 60 and 80 m. Most low values of mollusk taxa richness were recorded at sites with rocks or thin sand layers. The frequency distribution for mollusk taxa richness reflected the relatively uniform distribution of mollusks in the bay. The results ofthis study establish a baseline for benthic conditions in Mamala Bay in 2001. This baseline was used to assess previously reported conditions at the zone ofinitial dilution (ZID) ofthe Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls the last time they were surveyed in 1998 and 2001, respectively. Nonmollusk and mollusk abundance and taxa richness at the outfall ZIDs were close to expected values for comparable depths in Mamala Bay. Crustacean abundance and richness at the ZIDs were somewhat less than expected, a conclusion consistent with the historic evidence for a slightly diminished crustacean assemblage at the ZIDs. The frequency distributions for mollusk taxa richness for the ZID surveys fell within the frequency distribution for the bay survey. The frequency distributions for nonmollusk taxa richness for the ZID surveys followed the taxa-rich segment of the distribution for the bay, i.e., they did not include taxa-poor samples found inshore and offshore of the ZIDs. Comparison with the Mamala Bay 2001 baseline confirms the presence of a diverse and abundant macrobenthos in the immediate vicinity ofthe Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls.

2540 Dole Street • Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822· U.S.A. • (808) 956-7847 AUTHORS: Dr. Richard C. Swartz Environmental Consultant P.O. Box 397 Placida, Florida 33946-0397 Tel.: 941/697-3612 Email: [email protected] Dr. Julie H. Bailey-Brock Professor (Invertebrate Zoology) Department of Zoology University of Hawai'i at Manoa 2538 The Mall, Edmondson Hall 357 Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 Tel.: 808/956-6149 FAX: 808/956-9812 Email: [email protected] Dr. William J. Cooke Ecological Consultant Marine Environmental Research 705 Nunu Street Kailua, Hawai'i 96734 Tel.: 808/254-0203 Email: [email protected] Dr. E. Alison Kay Professor (Malacology) Department of Zoology University of Hawai'i at Manoa 2538 The Mall, Edmondson Hall 351 Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 Tel.: 808/956-8620 FAX: 808/956-9812 Email: [email protected]

$20.00/copy

Please make remittance in U.S. dollars from a U.S. bank or international money order to: RCUHI002

Mail to: Water Resources Research Center University ofHawai'i at Manoa 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 283 Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 • U.S.A. Attn: Publications Office

NOTE: Please indicate PR-2002-07 on check or money order for our reference. REGIONAL MONITORING OF BENTIDC FAUNA IN MAMALA BAY, 0'AHU, HAWAI'I, AUGUST 2001

Richard C. Swartz Julie H. Bailey-Brock William J. Cooke E. Alison Kay

Project Report PR-2002-07

March 2002

PREPARED FOR City and County ofHonolulu Department of Environmental Services Project Report for "A Five-Year Biological and Sediment Monitoring Program on the Marine Communities Near the City's Ocean Sewer Outfalls" Project No.: C54997 Project Period: 1 January 1997-30 September 2002 Principal Investigator: James E.T. Moncur

WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 The taxa abundance and richness counts for benthic organisms and the data calculations in this publication are the responsibility of the authors. The Water Resources Research Center staff is responsible for publication production activities. ABSTRACT

Benthic fauna in Mamala Bay was sampled on 8-17 August 2001 at 22 stations with a modified van Veen grab sampler and at 18 stations with diver-operated sediment corers. Station locations were selected according to a random probabilistic sampling design. The depth range of the stations was 0.9 to 79.6 m. Baseline conditions in Mamala Bay in 2001 are described with respect to the range in sediment and biological parameters; the spatial distribution of samples with minimal values of taxa richness; cluster analysis of stations based on faunal similarity; dominant species composition; quantitative changes in the abundance and taxa richness of nonmollusks, crustaceans, and mollusks in relation to water depth; and the frequency distribution of areal taxa richness. Sediments were predominantly (>85%) sand at all stations. Total organic carbon in the sediments ranged from 0.21 % to 0.76%. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen ranged from 59 to 665 mg/dry kg. Values for oxidation-reduction potential showed no evidence of reducing conditions at the surface of sediments at any station. A total of 7,053 nonmollusk individuals from 234 taxa were collected. Nematodes represented 29.6%, polychaetes 28.4%, crustaceans 24.0%, oligochaetes 7.9%, and nemerteans 3.6% of total nonmollusk abundance. Total nonmollusk abundance ranged from 3 individuals/sample (661/m2, at Station 62) to 594 individuals/sample (130,939/m2, at Station 92). The number of nonmollusk taxa ranged from 2 (at Stations 62, 74, and 88) to 67 (at Station 67). Crustacean abundance ranged from 0 (at Station 98) to 215 (47,394/m2, at Station 77). The number of crustacean taxa ranged from 0 (at Station 98) to 29 (at Station 67). Mollusks were analyzed separately because they represent time-averaged collections of live and dead shells. Mollusk abundance ranged from 30 individuals/15 cm3 (at Station 95) to 798 individuals/ 15 cm3 (at Station 82). The number of mollusk taxa per 15 cm3 ranged from 9 (at Station 96) to 64 (at Station 100). Index values for diversity and evenness were quite variable for both nonmollusks and mollusks. Correlation and cluster analyses indicated that the differences in the nonmollusks of Mamala Bay were associated primarily with depth. The data were therefore divided according to eight lO-m depth ranges. The abundance and taxa richness of both nonmollusks and the crustacean component of the nonmollusks were highest at depth ranges between 30 and 60 m and lower in deeper and shallower water. Most low values of nonmollusk taxa richness were recorded for shallow waters and were widely distributed along the bay. The frequency distribution of nonmollusk taxa richness reflected the dichotomy between the taxa­ rich sites of intermediate depths and the taxa-poor sites in shallow and deep water. The relation to depth was less obvious for mollusks, which were more evenly distributed in the bay, especially in terms of taxa richness. However, the highest mean abundance for mollusks was

v recorded for the two deepest depth ranges between 60 and 80 m. Most low values of mollusk taxa richness were recorded at sites with rocks or thin sand layers. The frequency distribution for mollusk taxa richness reflected the relatively unifonn distribution of mollusks in the bay. The results of this study establish a baseline for benthic conditions in Mfunala Bay in 2001. This baseline was used to assess previously reported conditions at the zone of initial dilution (ZID) of the Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls the last time they were surveyed in 1998 and 2001, respectively. Nonmollusk and mollusk abundance and taxa richness at the outfall ZIDs were close to expected values for comparable depths in Mfunala Bay. Crustacean abundance and richness at the ZIDs were somewhat less than expected, a conclusion consistent with the historic evidence for a slightly diminished crustacean assemblage at the ZIDs. The frequency distributions for mollusk taxa richness for the ZID surveys fell within the frequency distribution for the bay survey_ The frequency distributions for nonmollusk taxa richness for the zm surveys followed the taxa-rich segment ofthe distribution for the bay, i.e., they did not include taxa-poor samples found inshore and offshore of the ZIDs. Comparison with the Mfunala Bay 2001 baseline confirms the presence of a diverse and abundant macrobenthos in the immediate vicinity of the Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls.

vi CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...... 1

PROJECT ORGANIZAnON 1

MATERIALS AND METHODS...... 2 Station Positioning ., '.' ...... 2 Sampling Methods ...... 2 Sample Processing 3 Data Analysis ...... 4

RESULTS...... 5 Depth and Sediment Parameters ...... 5 Biological Parameters ...... 7

DISCUSSION ...... 15 The 2001 Mamala Bay Regional Benthic Survey...... 15 Benthic Conditions Near the Sand Island and Barbers Point Outfalls I in the Context of the Mamala Bay Survey ...... 21

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS...... 23

REFERENCES CITED...... 25

TEXT FIGURES...... 29

TEXT TABLES...... 59

APPENDIXES...... 75 Appendix A. Sediment Data and Sample Locations...... 77 Appendix B. Basic Statistics and Variances for Nonmollusk Data ...... 83 Appendix C. Basic Statistics and Variances for Mollusk Data...... 89 Appendix D. Taxon Abundance for Nonmollusks...... 95 Appendix E. Taxon Abundance for Mollusks...... 127

TEXT FIGURES

1. Mamala Bay regional study sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 31 2. Sediment grain-size characteristics, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 32 3. Number of nonmollusk individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 33

vii 4. Number of nonmollusk taxa per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 34 5. Shannon-Weiner H' diversity index and evenness index for nonmollusks, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 35 6. Dendrogram for double square root transformed nonmollusk data showing cluster codes and similarity among Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 36 7. Number of polychaete individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 37 8. Number of polychaete taxa per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 38 9. Percentage of total polychaete individuals in four trophic categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 39 10. Percentage of total polychaete taxa in four trophic categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 40 11. Percentage of total polychaete individuals in three motility categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 41 12. Percentage of total polychaete taxa in three motility categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 42 13. Number of crustacean individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 43 14. Number of crustacean taxa per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 44 15. Number of mollusk individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 45 16. Number of mollusk taxa per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 46 17. Shannon-Weiner H' diversity index and evenness index for mollusks, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 47 18. Dendrogram for double square root transformed mollusk data showing cluster codes and similarity among Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 48 19. Mean number of nonmollusk individuals per sample in relation to lO-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 49 20. Mean number of nonmollusk taxa per sample in relation to lO-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 49 21. Mean number of crustacean individuals per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 50 22. Mean number of crustacean taxa per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 50 23. Mean number of mollusk individuals per sample in relation to lO-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, a'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001...... 51

viii 24. Mean number of mollusk taxa per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 " 51 25. Location of stations where ten or fewer nonmollusk taxa were sampled, Mamala Bay, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 52 26. Location of stations where twenty-six or fewer mollusk taxa were sampled, Mamala Bay, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 53 27. Frequency distribution for the number of nonmollusk taxa at Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 54 28. Frequency distribution for the number of mollusk taxa at Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 54 29. Mean number of nonmollusk individuals relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001 ...... 55 30. Mean number of nonmollusk taxa relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001...... 55 31. Mean number of crustacean individuals relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001...... 56 32. Mean number of crustacean taxa relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001...... 56 33. Mean number of mollusk individuals relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001...... 57 34. Mean number of mollusk taxa relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001...... 57 35. Frequency distribution for the number of nonmollusk taxa at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with the distributions for the ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001 ...... 58 36. Frequency distribution for the number of mollusk taxa at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with the distributions for the ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001 ...... 58

ix TEXT TABLES

1. Abundance of numerically dominant nonmollusk taxa, Mamala Bay sampling stations, 0'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 61 2. Mean abundance of numerically dominant taxa in nonmollusk station clusters, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 66 3. Abundance of numerically dominant mollusk taxa, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 67 4. Mean abundance of numerically dominant taxa in mollusk station clusters, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 72 5. Mean abundance of numerically dominant nonmollusk taxa in relation to 10-m depth ranges Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 73

APPENDIX TABLES

A.l. Position and depth for sediment samples, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 79 A.2.. Sediment chemical characterization of Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 80 A.3. Sediment grain-size analysis of Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 81 B.l. Abundance, taxa richness, diversity, and evenness of nonmollusks, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 85 B.2. Depth, sediment, and biological conditions for nonmollusk station clusters, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 86 B.3. Abundance, taxa richness, diversity, and evenness of crustaceans, Mamala Bay sampling stations,O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 87 BA. Sediment and nonmollusk conditions in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 88 C.l. Abundance, taxa richness, diversity, and evenness of mollusks, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 91 C.2. Depth, sediment, and biological conditions for mollusk station clusters, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 92 C.3. Sediment and mollusk conditions in relation to lO-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 93 0.1. Taxon abundance from nine stations for nonmollusk components (excluding crustaceans), Mamala Bay sampling stations 61 through 69, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... •...... 97 0.2. Taxon abundance from nine stations for nonmollusk components (excluding crustaceans), Mamala Bay sampling stations 70 through 78, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 101

x D.3. Taxon abundance from nine stations for nonmollusk components (excluding crustaceans), Mamala Bay sampling stations 79 through 87, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 105 DA. Taxon abundance from nine stations for nonmollusk components (excluding crustaceans), Mamala Bay sampling stations 88 through 96, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 109 D.5. Taxon abundance from four stations for nonmollusk components (excluding crustaceans), Mamala Bay sampling stations 97 through 100 and regional total, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 113 D.6. Taxon abundance from nine stations for crustacean components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 61 through 69, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 117 D.7. Taxon abundance from nine stations for crustacean components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 70 through 78, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 119 D.8. Taxon abundance from nine stations for crustacean components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 79 through 87, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 121 D.9. Taxon abundance from nine stations for crustacean components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 88 through 96, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 123 D.1 O. Taxon abundance from four stations for crustacean components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 97 through 100 and regional total, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 125 E.1. Taxon abundance from nine stations for mollusk components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 61 through 69, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 129 E.2. Taxon abundance from nine stations for mollusk components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 70 through 78, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 ...... 135 E.3. Taxon abundance from nine stations for mollusk components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 79 through 87, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 141 EA. Taxon abundance from nine stations for mollusk components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 88 through 96, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 147 E.5. Taxon abundance from four stations for mollusk components, Mamala Bay sampling stations 97 through 100 and regional total, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 153

Xl INTRODUCTION

The Sand Island Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a primary treatment system. Wastewaters of mainly domestic origin are treated at the WWTP prior to discharge in Mamala Bay through an 84-in. (2.13-m) diameter outfall located off the southern coast of O'ahu, Hawai'i. The renewal of a waiver of secondary treatment for sewage discharge through the Sand Island Ocean Outfall was granted to the City and County of Honolulu (CCH) in September 1998 by the Region IX office of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The permit specifies that regional monitoring activities be conducted in Mamala Bay during years three and five ofthe renewal period. Thus, after 13 surveys of the macrobenthic, soft-bottom community in the vicinity ofthe discharge were conducted over the 15-year period from 1986 to 2000, the first regional monitoring survey was conducted in 2001. The regional monitoring effort involved a broader sampling of 40 stations randomly selected throughout Mamala Bay. This report describes the extent and magnitude of spatial changes in the structure of the benthic community in the bay. The samples on which this report is based were collected on 8-17 August 2001.

PROJECT ORGANIZATION

General coordination for this project is provided by James E.T. Moncur, director of the Water Resources Research Center of the University of Hawai'i at Manoa and project principal investigator. The principal members of the project team (listed in alphabetical order) and their contributions to this study are as follows: Julie H. Bailey-Brock Polychaete, oligochaete, and sipunculan analysis and report William J. 'Cooke Crustacean analysis and report E. Alison Kay Mollusk analysis and report Richard C. Swartz Statistical analysis and final report preparation Ross S. Tanimoto City and County of Honolulu project representative and coordinator for sediment grain-size, total organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and oxidation-reduction potential analyses MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specific locations of the sampling stations are provided in Figure 1, which also indicates the location of the diffusers of the Sand Island WWTP and the Honouliuli (Barbers Point) WWTP which also discharges primary treated wastewaters into Mamala Bay. The 40 stations were selected according to a random probabilistic sampling design, in accordance with the EPA Coastal Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program.

Station Positioning

The position of each of the 40 stations was determined using the Garmin differential global positioning system. Approximate station locations in relation to latitude and longitude are shown in Figure 1. Positions for the sample collected at each station are given in Appendix Table A. 1.

Sampling Methods

The sampling methodology used in this study generally follows the recommendations of Swartz (1978) and guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1987a, 1987b), hereafter referred to as EPA procedures. A 0.16-m2 modified van Veen grab sampler deployed from a stern-mounted A-frame on the CCH research vessel Noi I Kai was used to obtain bottom samples, mostly in deep water (7.9 to 79.6 m). Divers used corers to collect bottom samples, mostly in shallow water (0.9 to 23.2 m). Sampling dates were 8-17 August 2001. Penetration of the sampler was adequate for all samples. The minimum penetration depth was 6.0 cm, and the maximum was 15.0 cm (Appendix Table A.2). One grab sample was taken at each of 22 stations. From each sample, a subsample 7.6 cm in diameter by 5 cm deep was taken for analysis of nonmollusks (fauna excluding mollusks) and a subsample 4.8 cm in diameter by 5 cm deep for analysis of mollusks. Subsampling was necessary because the epifauna and infauna in the area are known to be both small and abundant (Nelson 1986; Russo et al. 1988). Diver-collected core samples 7.6 cm in diameter by 5 cm deep for nonmollusk analysis and 4.8 cm in diameter by 5 cm deep for mollusk analysis were taken at each of 18 other stations. Biological samples for nonmollusk analysis were processed on a O.5-mm mesh screen. Organisms retained on the sieve were preserved as appropriate for subsequent identification. Samples for geochemical analyses (total organic carbon [TOC] , total Kjeldahl nitrogen [TKN], and oxidation-reduction potential [ORP]) and for grain-size analyses were obtained

2 from the grabs from which the biological subcores were taken because each grab contained more than enough sediment for both purposes (methods established by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit no. HI0020877). A subsample 7.6 cm in diameter by 5 cm deep was taken for the analyses at each station. At the diver-sampled stations, an additional core was taken for geochemical and grain-size analyses. The top 2 cm of sediment from each sample were used for geochemical analysis. Samples for Toe and TKN analyses were put in screw-cap jars, which were placed on ice, and taken to the laboratory. Sediment ORP was done immediately after the samples were brought aboard the ship. Laboratory analyses of sediment grain size, ORP, and TKN followed EPA procedures. Analysis of Toe followed ASTM method D4129-82M.

Sample Processing

Handling, processing, and preservation of the biological samples followed EPA procedures. Nonmollusk samples were fixed in 15% buffered formalin for a minimum of 24 hours. The fixed samples were elutriated using the technique of Sanders et al. (1965). This method successfully removes from the sediment all organisms that are not heavily calcified (Nelson et al. 1987). The samples were washed several times, and the water from each was poured through 0.5-mm-mesh sieves. Polychaetes and other invertebrates retained on the sieve were transferred to alcohol, stained with rose bengal solution, and stored in 70% ethanol. Mollusk samples were placed in labeled jars in the field, then transported on ice to the laboratory where they were refrigerated. Samples were washed in freshwater (to minimize loss of fine sediments), fixed in 75% isopropyl alcohol for 48 hours, and then air dried. Aliquot portions (15 cm3) were then sorted following the methods of Kay (1980) and Kay and Kawamoto (1983). The picked shells were identified and counted using Kay (1979a) as the primary taxonomic reference. When large rubble fragments were collected in the samples, the rubble fragments were carefully washed and visually examined to ensure that any organisms on the external surfaces were removed. The fragments were then placed in a nitric acid bath for 24 hours to recover organisms living in burrows. The acid dissolution technique used was modified from the methods of Brock and Brock (1977), as described in Nelson (1986). In the 2001 samples, nonmollusks were collected from the rubble fragments at Stations 64 (2 taxa, 2 individuals), 67 (17 taxa, 50 individuals), 73 (4 taxa, 7 individuals), 75 (25 taxa, 59 individuals), 76 (17 taxa, 44 individuals), 77 (19 taxa, 243 individuals), 80 (2 taxa, 4 individuals), 81 (3 taxa, 34 individuals), and 94 (3 taxa, 3 individuals).

3 An accidental spill of part of the nonmollusk sample from Station 84 resulted in about a dozen specimens being lost. However, a large number of taxa (32) and individuals (161) were found in the remaining portion of the sample. This collection was treated as if it represented a complete sample. Because the biological subcores had to be processed using two different procedures, one for mollusks and the other for all other organisms, the two components of the fauna were not directly comparable and thus were analyzed separately. Because the mollusk specimens were not separated into living and dead shell fractions, they represent time-averaged samples. Mollusks have been extensively analyzed by Kay (1975, 1978, 1979b, 1982), Kay and Kawamoto (1980, 1983), Nelson (1986), and Russo et al. (1988). All specimens were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. A selected bibliography for the identification of marine benthic species in Hawai'i is provided in Nelson et al. (1987, appendix D). An additional source used for the identification of polychaetes in Hawai'i is Blake et al. (1995). Voucher specimens were submitted to taxonomic specialists for verification when necessary. All specimens were archived and will be maintained for six years at the University ofHawai'i. The following nonmollusk taxa collected in the 2001 Mfunala Bay survey had not been found in previous surveys at any of the O'ahu outfall sites (Barbers Point, Sand Island, Wai'anae, and Mokapu): the polychaetes Capitellidae sp. E, Capitellidae sp. F, Dispio uncinata, Hesionidae sp. G, Hydroides crucigera, Mesochaetopterus sp. A, Nerilla antennata (Bailey-Brock 1999), Ophryotrocha sp. B, Serpulidae sp. A, Sphaerosyllis sp. H, Typosyllis microoculata, and Typosyllis sp. E; the sipunculans Sipuncula sp. Q and Sipuncula sp. R; the kinorhynch Cyclorhagida sp. A; the amphipod Paramoera (?) sp. A; and the isopod Anthuridae sp. A.

Data Analysis

Statistical comparisons of mean benthic community parameters among the 40 stations were not possible because of the lack of replicate samples. The number of individuals and number of taxa were calculated for each station for all nonmollusks, polychaetes, crustaceans, and mollusks. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') (In) and evenness index (1) were calculated for each station for all nonmollusks, crustaceans, and mollusks. Calculations of these diversity parameters were carried out using Microsoft Excel software. Overall comparisons of taxa composition among stations were carried out using cluster analysis (Pielou 1984). The Bray-Curtis similarity index (Bloom 1981) on double square root transformed data was performed using the group-average sorting strategy. Separate cluster

4 analyses were conducted for the nonmollusk and mollusk faunal fractions because of differences in sample collection and processing. To make analysis more manageable, only those taxa that contributed at least 0.05% to the total abundance were included. Using this criterion, only nonmollusk taxa represented by a total of more than three individuals were included in the data set, which was reduced from 234 to 118 taxa. Also, only mollusk taxa represented by a total of more than five individuals were included in the data set, which was reduced from 266 to 147 taxa. The similarity matrices were computed with BioDiversity Pro software. Benthic community structure in Mfunala Bay changes substantially among depth strata (Swartz et al. 2000, 2001a). Stations were therefore pooled within eight lO-m depth ranges (0 to 9.9 m, 10.0 to 19.9 m, 20.0 to 29.9 rn, 30.0 to 39.9 m, 40.0 to 49.9 rn, 50.0 to 59.9 m, 60.0 to 69.9 m, and 70.0 to 79.9 m) prior to statistical analysis. Parameters of benthic community structure (abundance, taxa richness) were compared statistically among the eight depth intervals and also among station clusters identified in the similarity matrices. These comparisons were made separately for the nonmollusk and mollusk assemblages. All data were tested for assumptions of normality (Kolmogorov-Smimov test; Sokal and Rohlf 1995) and heterogeneity of variances (Fmax test) prior to statistical analysis. Where data sets failed tests of assumptions, square root or loglO transformation was applied. Comparisons of mean values among stations were made with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Following a significant result using ANOVA, a posteriori Student-Newman-Keuls tests were used to determine which differences in means among stations were significant. All statistical analyses were performed using Prophet and Microsoft Excel software. Detailed statistical results are provided in Appendixes Band C. Biological data from the 2001 Mfunala Bay survey were compared with those from the most recent surveys of the ZID and ZID-boundary stations at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall (Stations B3, B4, Z, and B5; sampled in August 1998; Swartz et al. 1999) and Barbers Point Ocean Outfall (Stations HB2, HB3, HB4, and HZ; sampled in January 2001, Swartz et al. 2001 b). In this report the ZID and ZID-boundary stations are collectively referred to as ZID­ area stations.

RESULTS Depth and Sediment Parameters

The depth range among the 40 stations was 0.9 to 79.6 m (Appendix Table A.l). Notes in the survey log indicate several of the shallower stations were in the surf zone (e.g., Stations 62, 80, and 88), had large waves present (e.g., Stations 64, 69, 71, 74, and 83), and had near-zero visibility (Station 85). There were significant, positive correlations between depth and the

5 number of nonmollusk taxa (r = 0.505**), crustacean taxa (r = 0.401 **), and mollusk individuals (r = 0.505**). Correlations between depth and the number of nonmollusk (r = 0.294) and crustacean (r =0.266) individuals were not significant because the highest values of these parameters were recorded for intermediate depths. Results of the sediment grain-size analysis are given in Appendix Table A.3. The sediment compositions at the sampling stations, based on four grain-size categories, are compared in Figure 2. The grain-size categories (Folk 1968) are as follows: coarse sediment, retained on a +I-phi sieve; medium sand, passed through a +1-phi sieve but retained on a +2­ phi sieve; fine sand, passed through a +2-phi sieve but retained on a +4-phi sieve; and silt and clay, passed through a +4-phi sieve. There were differences among stations in sediment grain-size distribution (Appendix Table A.3, Figure 2). The silt-and-clay fraction was the least variable (range: 1.4% to 8.0%, except for 14.1 % at Station 85). Much greater ranges were recorded for the fine-sand fraction (0.3% to 79.6%), medium-sand fraction (1.4% to 92.6%), and coarse-sediment fraction (0.6% to 97.8%). Qualitative remarks in the survey log reflect the diversity of sediment conditions: e.g., "lots of rocks" at Station 67, "minimal sand" at Station 78, "hard substrate" at Station 95, and "extensive sea grass" at Station 72. The numbers of nonmollusk individuals, nonmollusk taxa, crustacean individuals, and crustacean taxa were significantly and positively correlated with the silt-and-clay fraction (r = 0.384*, 0.363*, 0.437**, and 0.435**, respectively). In contrast, the numbers of nonmollusk individuals, nonmollusk taxa, crustacean individuals, and crustacean taxa were significantly and negatively correlated with the medium­ sand fraction (r = 0.347*, 0.401 *,0.332*, and 0.362*, respectively). There were no significant correlations between the nonmollusk and crustacean structural parameters and either the coarse­ sediment or fine-sand fraction (range in correlation coefficients, r, from 0.009 to 0.227). The number of mollusk individuals and number of mollusk taxa were not significantly correlated with any of the four grain-size categories (range in correlation coefficients, r, from 0.003 to 0.225). Analysis of duplicate samples at Stations 68, 79, 87, and 98 indicated consistency of analytical techniques. Direct electrode measurements of ORP ranged from +15 to +240 mV (Appendix Table A.2). ORP was less than +100 mV only at Stations 85 (+15 mY, the same station with a relatively high proportion of silt and clay) and 40 (+70 mY). Even these two relatively low readings show no evidence of strongly reducing conditions in the surface sediment. ORP was not significantly correlated among the 40 stations with the number of nonmollusk (r =0.288), crustacean (r =0.270), and mollusk (r = 0.090) individuals or with the number of nonmollusk (r = 0.166), crustacean (r = 0.081), and mollusk (r = 0.067) taxa.

6 Values of TKN ranged from 59 to 665 mg/dry kg (Appendix Table A.2). The highest TKN value was recorded at Station 76. TKN at all other stations was less than 480 mg/dry kg. TKN was not significantly correlated among the 40 stations with the number of nonmollusk (r = 0.049), crustacean (r = 0.073), and mollusk (r = 0.050) individuals or with the number of nonmollusk (r = 0.137), crustacean (r = 0.094), and mollusk (r = 0.006) taxa. Total organic carbon in the sediments was low at all stations (range: 0.21 % to 0.76%, Appendix Table A.2). TOC was significantly and positively correlated among the 40 stations with the number of nonmollusk taxa (r = 0.403**) and with the number of crustacean individuals (r =0.358*) and taxa (r = 0.446**). There was no significant correlation between TOC and the number of nonmollusk individuals (r = 0.282) or with the number of mollusk individuals (r =0.190) and taxa (r = 0.113).

Biological Parameters

Nonmollusks The nonmollusk fraction of the benthic fauna included polychaetes, oligochaetes, nematodes, platyhelminths, echinoderms, a poriferan, anthozoans, hydrozoans, kinorhynchs, chaetognaths, hemichordates, nemerteans, sipunculans, insects (not marine in origin), arachnids, priapulids, bryozoans, chordates, a cephalochordate species, a fish, mites, pycnogonids, copepods, ostracods, cumaceans, tanaids, amphipods, isopods, and decapods. The 7,053 nonmollusk specimens counted and identified for all stations represent 234 taxa. Nematodes, which were not identified to the species level, were the dominant nonmollusk taxon in terms of abundance (2,091 individuals, 29.6%). Polychaetes, the dominant nonmollusk taxon in terms of taxa richness (140 taxa, 59.8%), ranked second in abundance (2,003 individuals, 28.4%). Crustaceans constituted 24.0% (1,695 individuals) of numerical abundance, oligochaetes contributed 7.9% (557 individuals), and nemerteans contributed 3.6% (257 individuals). The 67 crustacean taxa, 22 of which were amphipods, represented 28.6% of the total number of nonmollusk taxa. Abundance estimates for each taxon from each sample are given for each ofthe 40 stations in Appendix D. The basic nonmollusk data are provided in Appendix Table B.l (number of individuals, number of taxa, diversity (H'), and evenness (J)). Nonmollusk abundance ranged from 3 individuals/sample (661/m2, at Station 62) to 594 individuals/sample (130,939/m2, at Station 92) (Figure 3). The number of nonmollusk taxa ranged from 2 (at Stations 62, 74, and 88) to 67 (at Station 67) (Figure 4). Composite station diversity (H') and evenness (1) for the nonmollusks are shown in Figure 5. Values for both parameters varied substantially among stations. Values for diversity

7 ranged from 0.50 (at Station 88) to 3.84 (at Station 67), and values for evenness ranged from 0.40 (at Station 83) to 0.92 (at Station 62). Thirty-one taxa ranked among the three most abundant nonmollusk taxa at one or more stations (Table 1.) The tanaid Leptochelia dubia was the most abundant species in the survey, with a total of 322 individuals found among 17 stations (mean: 8.0 individuals/sample; 1,763/m2). This tanaid was very abundant at Stations 77, 92, 95, 96, and 99, with more than 25 individuals/sample (5,511/m2) at each of these stations. The polychaete Pionosyllis heterocirrata ranked second in total abundance (271 individuals, mean: 6.8 individuals/sample; 1,499/m2) and was the most ubiquitous species. It was present at 31 stations and qualified as a dominant at 13 stations. No other taxa was present at more than 23 stations or a dominant at more than 8 stations. Other dominants with a mean abundance exceeding 500 individuals/m2 included the amphipod Eriopisella sechellensis; the polychaetes Synelmis acuminata, Micropodarke sp. A, Myriochele oculata, and Sphaerosyllis sp. G; the cephalochordate Branchiostoma sp. A; and the isopod Munna acarina. The results of cluster analysis indicating the relative similarity of stations based on the 118 most abundant nonmollusk taxa are shown in Figure 6. Five station clusters (A through E) are evident in the dendrogram. Mean number ofnonmollusk taxa ranged from 10.2 taxa/sample in cluster C to 52.6 taxa/sample in cluster A (Appendix Table B.2). Mean nonmollusk abundance ranged from 57.5 individuals/sample (l2,675/m2) in cluster D to 355.1 individuals/sample (78,277/m2) in cluster A. There were significant differences among clusters in abundance and taxa richness. The mean number of individuals and mean number of taxa were significantly greater in cluster A than in all of the other clusters. Cluster B had significantly more taxa than clusters C, D, and E. Cluster D, which only included two stations, formed at the highest final similarity value (63.8%). Cluster A (11 stations) formed at 56.3%, cluster C (11 stations) at 51.1 %, cluster B (8 stations) at 49.7%, and cluster E (8 stations) at 34.5%. Cluster E was not well defined. It included a number of unrelated stations that linked together at the end of the cluster computation in a chaining pattern (Figure 6). The stations of cluster A were characterized by several very abundant species, including Leptochelia dubia, Eriopisella sechellensis, Pionosyllis heterocirrata, and Synelmis acuminata (Table 2). Each of these species had a mean abundance of 10.0 individuals/sample (2,200/m2) or more among the cluster A stations. The taxa composition for clusters B and D was similar to that for Cluster A, although the dominant taxa were usually less abundant. One difference among these three clusters was the distribution of the polychaetes Myriochele oculata and Sphaerosyllis sp. G, which were absent in cluster D and slightly more abundant in cluster B than in cluster A. The amphipod Paramoera (?) sp. A was a dominant in clusters C and E but

8 absent in clusters A, B, and D. The ubiquitous Pionosyllis heterocirrata was the only species classified as a dominant in cluster C or E that was also a dominant in cluster A, B, or D.

Polychaetes A total of 2,003 polychaetes representing 140 taxa in 37 families were collected; they comprised 28.4% of total nonmollusk abundance. The largest abundance and taxa richness occurred at Station 92, where 251 individuals from 41 taxa were collected (Figures 7 and 8). No speciments were collected at Stations 62, 74, and 88. Polychaetes were the most taxa-rich nonmollusk group at 24 stations (Appendix D). They tied with crustacean taxa at 2 stations (Stations 79 and 85) and were exceeded by crustacean taxa at 4 stations (Stations 62, 74, 83, and 88). Polychaetes accounted for 19 of the 31 taxa that ranked among the three most abundant nonmollusk taxa at individual stations (Table 1). The ten most abundant taxa, which represent 55.2% ofthe polychaete individuals collected this year, were Pionosyllis heterocirrata (13.5%), Synelmis acuminata (8.1 %), Micropodarke sp. A (8.0%), Myriochele oculata (6.6%), Sphaerosyllis sp. G (5.3%), Prionospio cirrifera (4.4%), Ophiodromus angustifrons (2.7%), Euchone sp. B (2.4%), Pisione sp. A (2.3%), and Polyophthalmus pictus (2.1 %). The polychaete Ophryotrocha adherens (formerly Ophryotrocha sp. A) is of particular .interest as it has been cited as an indicator of organic enrichment (Bailey-Brock 1996). It was abundant at ZID and ZID-boundary stations near the Barbers Point wastewater discharge in .January 2001 and at ZID and ZID-boundary stations near the Sand Island wastewater discharge the last time they were sampled in 1998 (Swartz et al. 1999, 2001b). No specimens of 0. adherens were collected at any of the 40 MIunala Bay sampling stations in August 2001. None of these stations is located near the ZID ofeither wastewater discharge. We looked for evidence ofreproduction in all taxa and noted reproductive events such as developing larvae or attached embryos, maturing gametes in the coelom of organisms, and presence of specialized setae (indicative of swarming/spawning behavior). At 14 stations evidence of reproduction was found in specimens of the family Syllidae: the syllids Grubeosyllis mediodentata, Sphaerosyllis sp. G, and Exogone longicornis had embryos or juveniles attached to the external body wall. Specimens of Pionosyllis heterocirrata, Exogone sp. C, Sphaerosyllis sp. G, Phyllodoce madeirensis, Amphicteis gunneri, Micropodarke sp. A, and Prionospio cirrifera had eggs in the coelom. A number of Sphaerosyllis riseri, Sphaerosyllis sp. G, Exogone sp. E, and Odontosyllis sp. B showed characteristics of a swimming stage. These characteristics include enlarged eyes and elongated capillary setae that are used during a spawning behavior in the water column (Schroeder and Hermans 1975). Trophic categories. Trophic categories are based on Fauchald and Jumars (1979) and are summarized in Figures 9 and 10. Omnivores were the most abundant trophic group with 36.0%

9 of all polychaete individuals, followed by detritivores (35.1%), canuvores (21.7%), and suspension feeders (7.2%). Detritivores represented the most speciose group with 43.6% of all polychaete taxa, followed by omnivores (22.1%), carnivores (21.4%), and suspension feeders (12.9%). 1. Detritivores. Detritivores were absent at Stations 62, 74, 79, 80, and 88 but were the most abundant trophic group at 18 of 40 stations. They shared this position with omnivores at Station 91. Detritivores were the most speciose trophic group at 27 of 40 stations, sharing this position with omnivores at Stations 66,83,87,89, and 91 and with carnivores at Stations 65, 77, 83, and 100. Dominant detritivorous taxa include Myriochele oculata (at Stations 76, 77, 94, and 100), Capitella sp. A (at Stations 69 and 91), Spio blakei (at Stations 81 and 85), Saccocirrus sp. A (at Station 64), Questa caudicirra (at Station 66), Pisione sp. A (at Station 68), Protodrilus sp. A (at Station 83), Armandia intermedia (at Station 81), Magelona sp. A (at Station 98), Questa sp. A (at Station 98), and Dispio uncinata (at Station 98). 2. Omnivores. Omnivores were absent at Stations 62, 74, 88, and 98 but were the most abundant trophic group at 14 of 40 stations. They shared this position with detritivores at Station 91. They were the most speciose trophic group at 12 of40 stations, sharing this position with detritivores at Stations 66, 83, 87, 89, and 91 and with carnivores at Stations 79, 80, and 83. Dominant omnivorous taxa include Pionosyllis heterocirrata (at Stations 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 78,79,86,87,90,91, 93, and 94), Synelmis acuminata (at Stations 61, 65, 77, 95, 97, and 99), Sphaerosyllis sp. G (at Stations 71, 81, and 92), Typosyllis microoculata (at Station 69), Pionosyllis spinisetosa (at Station 81), Exogone sp. C (at Station 89), and Exogone sp. E (at Station 99). 3. Suspension feeders. Suspension feeders were absent at 19 of 40 stations and were never the most numerous trophic group. The highest percent abundance of suspension feeders was 15.7% (at Station 95). The highest percent taxa richness of suspension feeders was 22.7% (at Station 77). The only suspension feeding taxa to dominate a station was Euchone sp. B (at Station 96). Other abundant suspension feeders include the sabellids Amphicorina sp. B, Augeneriella dubia, Fabricia sp. A, Laonome sp. A, and Megalomma intermedium; the chaetopterids Mesochaetopterus sagittarius and Spiochaetopterus sp. A; the spionid Aonides sp. A; and the serpulid Salmacina dysteri. 4. Carnivores. Carnivores were absent at Stations 62, 69, 74, 85, 88, and 98 but were the most abundant trophic group at 6 of40 stations. They were most speciose at 9 stations, sharing this position with omnivores at Stations 79, 80, and 83 and with detritivores at Stations 77, 83, and 100. Dominant carnivores were Micropodarke sp. A (at Stations 75, 82, 84, and 94), Microphthalmus sczelkowii (at Stations 71 and 80), and Ophiodromus sp. B (at Station 63). Other abundant carnivores include Hesionidae sp. D, Hesionidae sp. G, Linopherus

10 microcephala, Lumbrineris tetraura, L. latreilli, Microphthalmus aberrans, Nematonereis unicornis, and Progoniada sp. A. Motility categories. Motility categories are based on Fauchald and Jumars (1979) and are summarized in Figures 11 and 12. Motile taxa represented the greatest percentage of total polychaete abundance with 70.5%, followed by discretely motile taxa with 15.8% and tubicolous taxa with 13.7%. The order was the same for taxa richness: motile taxa with 61.4%, followed by discretely motile taxa with 22.1 % and tubicolous taxa with 16.4%. 1. Tubicolous polychaetes. Tubicolous polychaetes were absent at 17 stations and were never the most abundant motility group. They ranked second to motile polychaetes at Stations 77,92,94,95,96,99, and 100 and shared the second position with discretely motile polychaetes at Stations 68, 76, 78, and 97. Tubicolous polychaetes were the least speciose at 36 of 40 stations and shared this position with discretely motile polychaetes at Stations 68 and 78. They were never the most speciose motility group at any station and ranked second at Stations 77 and 100. Dominant tubicolous polychaetes include Myriochele oculata (at Stations 76 [tied with Synelmis acuminata] and 100) and Euchone sp. B (at Station 96). 2. Motile polychaetes. Motile individuals were absent at Stations 62, 74, and 88 and were never the least abundant motility group at the other 37 stations. Among all three motility categories the motile group was the most speciose at 36 stations and second most speciose to discretely motile polychaetes at the one other station-namely, Station 98-where polychaetes ,were collected. The greatest number ofmotile taxa was collected at Station 67 (25 taxa, 73.5%). Pionosyllis heterocirrata (at Stations 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93, and 94), Synelmis acuminata (at Stations 61, 65,77,95,97, and 99), Micropodarke sp. A (at Stations 75, 82,84, and 94), Sphaerosyllis sp. G (at Stations 71, 81, and 92), Capitella sp. A (at Stations 69 and 91), Microphthalmus sczelkowii (at Stations 71 and 80), Ophiodromus sp. B (at Station 63), Saccocirrus sp. A (at Station 64), Questa caudicirra (at Station 66), Pisione sp. A (at Station 68), Typosyllis microoculata (at Station 69), Armandia intermedia (at Station 81), Pionosyllis spinisetosa (at Station 81), Protodrilus sp. A (at Station 83), Exogone sp. C (at Station 89), Questa sp. A (at Station 98), and Exogone sp. E (at Station 99) were the more abundant motile taxa. 3. Discretely motile polychaetes. Discretely motile polychaetes were the most numerous (66.7%) and most speciose (66.7%) motility group at Station 98. They were absent at Stations 62,63,69,71,74,79,83,88, and 89; least abundant at Stations 77, 92, 94, 95, 96, 99, and 100; and lowest in taxa richness at Stations 77 and 100. In addition, discretely motile taxa shared with tubicolous taxa the lowest abundance rank at Stations 68, 76, 78, and 97 and the least speciose rank at Stations 68 and 78. Spio blakei was the dominant species at Station 85 and a co-dominant species with three motile taxa (Armandia intermedia, Pionosyllis spinisetosa, and

11 Sphaerosyllis sp. G) at Station 81. Magelona sp. A and Dispio uncinata shared dominance with the motile taxa Questa sp. A at Station 98. Other abundant discretely motile taxa collected include Prionospio cirrifera, Prionospio steenstrupi, Aonides sp. A, Samythella sp. A, and Nematonereis unicornis.

Crustaceans The basic crustacean data are provided in Appendix Table B.3 (number of individuals, number of taxa, diversity (H), and evenness (J». A total of 1,695 crustaceans, mites, and pycnogonids representing 24.0% oftotal nonmollusk abundance were collected. Abundance for each taxon is provided for each station in Appendix D. Abundance (no./sarnple) ranged from 0 (at Station 98) to 215 (47,394/m2, at Station 77) (Appendix Table B.3, Figure 13). A total of 67 crustacean, mite, and pycnogonid taxa (copepods were not identified to the species level) were collected; of these, 22 taxa (32.8%) were amphipods. The number of taxa ranged from 0 (at Station 98) to 29 (at Station 67) (Appendix Table B.3, Figure 14) Only one crustacean taxon each was collected at Stations 62, 63, 64, 66, 69, 71, 74, and 88. Composite station diversity (H') and evenness (1) for the crustaceans varied substantially among stations (Appendix Table B.3). Among stations where more than one crustacean taxon was collected, values for diversity ranged from 0.29 (at Station 89) to 2.98 (at Station 67), and values for evenness ranged from 0.41 (at Station 89) to 0.95 (at both Stations 65 and 93). Copepods, arnphipods, and tanaids were the numerically dominant taxa, making up 29.0%, 28.0%, and 21.8%, respectively, of total crustacean, mite, and pycnogonirl abundance. No taxon was uniformly most abundant at all stations. Copepods, the tanaid Leptochelia dubia, and the amphipod Eriopisella sechellensis were often among the more abundant crustaceans. Other crustaceans that were particularly abundant at least at one station include the ostracods Myodocope sp. A and Myodocope sp. B (at Stations 61 and 91, respectively), the isopod Anthuridae sp. A (at Station 77), the isopod Munna acarina (at Stations 85 and 96), and the amphipod Paramoera (?) sp. A (at Stations 68 and 69). Ten crustacean species ranked arnong the three most abundant nonmollusk taxa at any station (Table 1). Two taxa that had not been found in previous surveys at any of the O'ahu outfall sites were collected in the Mfunala Bay 2001 survey. The most interesting of these was a gammaridean arnphipod (in the Eusiridae) recorded as "Paramoera (?) sp. A." It differs from both Eusiroides diplonyx and Pontogeneia pacifica (Barnard 1970). While it appears similar, except for its well-developed eyes, to the several Paramoera species described by Barnard (1977), the unsettled state of the Eusiridae (Barnard and Karaman 1991) precludes a definitive generic assignment. Another interesting taxa was a small anthurid isopod, different from the

12 commonly collected Apanthura inornata and Paranthura ostergaardi. Twenty-nine specimens of this anthurid, recorded as "Anthuridae sp. A", were collected at Station 77. The true number of crustacean taxa present in the study area is certainly higher than 67. No single collection or even a series ofsurveys will include all taxa at a site. Also, copepods are enumerated in our identifications as a single taxon, although several different taxa are certainly present. Cumaceans and mysids are similarly enumerated. Larger (2 cm and up) shrimps and crabs have very low probabilities of being collected, given the small areal coverage (7.6 cm diameter) ofthe sampling device.

Mollusks A total of 10,284 mollusks representing 266 taxa were collected. The basic mollusk data are provided in Appendix Table C.l (number of individuals, number of taxa, diversity (H), and evenness (1)). Abundance for each taxon is given for each of the 40 stations in Appendix E. Mollusk abundance ranged from 30 individuals/sample (at Station 95) to 798 individuals/sample (at Station 82) (Figure 15). The number of mollusk taxa per sample (no./ 15 cm3) ranged from 8 (at Station 96) to 64 (at Station 100) (Figure 16). Composite station diversity (H') and evenness (J) for the mollusks are shown in Figure 17. Values for both parameters were relatively low at Station 74 (H =0.70, J =0.28). Among the other 39 stations, values were similar, ranging from 1.76 (at Station 96) to 3.11 (at Station 64) for diversity and from 0.57 (at Station 85) to 0.88 (at Station 95) for evenness. Thirty-three species ranked among the three most abundant mollusk taxa at one or more stations (Table 3). Diala scopulorum, with a total of 1,166 individuals found at 22 stations (mean: 29.2 individuals/sample), was the most abundant species in the survey. D. scopulorum was very abundant at Stations 73, 75, 76, 78,82,84, and 87, having 39 to 285 individuals/sample at these stations. Tricolia variabilis ranked second in total abundance (881 individuals, mean: 22.0/sample). This most ubiquitous species was present at 36 stations and qualified as a dominant at 20 ofthese stations. No other mollusk taxon was present at more than 31 stations or a dominant at more than 15 stations. The other dominants with a mean abundance exceeding 7 individuals/sample include Cerithidium perparvulum, Pusillina marmorata, Diala semistriata, Styliferina goniochila, Diala sp., and Merelina granulosa. The results of cluster analysis indicating the relative similarity of stations based on the 147 most abundant mollusk taxa are shown in Figure 18. Four station clusters (A through D) are evident in the dendrogram. Cluster B was further divided into three subclusters (B 1, B2, and B3). Mean mollusk abundance ranged from 125.8 individuals/sample (at cluster D) to 583.5 individuals/sample (at subcluster B2). Mean number of mollusk taxa ranged from 30.2 taxa/sample (at cluster D) to 49.5 taxa/sample (at subcluster Bl) (Appendix Table C.2). Among

13 clusters, there were significant differences in abundance but not in taxa richness. The mean number ofindividuals was significantly greater in the three B subclusters and cluster C than in clusters A and D (Appendix Table C.2). The three B subclusters (11 stations total) fused at a similarity value of 47.5%. Cluster C (8 stations) formed at 45.8% similarity and cluster A (13 stations) at 44.8%. Cluster D was not well defined. It included a number of unrelated stations that linked together at the end of the cluster computation in a chaining pattern (Figure 18). Cluster B was characterized by several very abundant species whose relative abundance differed among the three subclusters (Table 4). Pusillina marmorata was abundant in all three subclusters; Cerithidium perparvulum, Diala semistriata, and Scaliola spp. in subclusters B 1 and B2; Diala scopulorum in subclusters B2 and B3; Styliferina goniochila, Diala sp., and Caecum sepimentum just in subcluster B3; and Finella pupoides just in subcluster B2. Each of these taxa had a mean abundance of at least 20.0 individuals/sample in one of the B subclusters. Cluster A dominants included Tricolia variabilis (mean abundance: 28.4 individuals/sample) and P. marmorata (25.2 individuals/sample). Tricolia variabilis was also the top dominant in cluster C (45.9 individuals/sample), along with Merelina granulosa (33.1 individuals/sample) and D. scopulorum (29.4 individuals/sample). None of the dominant taxa in clusters A, B, and C had a mean abundance exceeding 20.0 individuals/sample in cluster D, although F. pupoides was close (19.5 individuals/sample). The abundance of all other taxa in cluster D was less than 10.0 individuals/sample. Some of the most abundant taxa in cluster D, like Rissoina cerithiiformis and Benthonella sp., were relatively rare in the other clusters. The mollusk specimens collected in these surveys were not separated into living and dead shell material and therefore represent time-averaged collections that integrate conditions over a longer period. The living component of the mollusk fauna may respond more quickly to changes in environmental conditions than is evident in the time-averaged collections. Thus, the similarity of the mollusks among sampling stations may have been enhanced by the inclusion of empty shell counts in the cluster analysis. The Mamala Bay collection in 2001 (67 crustacean, 234 nonmollusk, and 266 mollusk taxa in 40 samples) was much more diverse than previous collections near the Sand Island (e.g., 42 crustacean, 174 nonmollusk, and 152 mollusk taxa in 42 samples in 1998) and Barbers Point (e.g., 51 crustacean, 186 nonmollusk, and 129 mollusk taxa in 35 samples in 2001) wastewater discharges (Swartz et al. 1999, 2001b). The higher diversity of the Mfunala Bay collections resulted from the samples being obtained from a much greater range in depth and habitat types.

14 DISCUSSION

The 2001 Miimala Bay regional benthic survey The design of the 2001 Mamala Bay survey was completely different from that of previous monitoring surveys in the vicinity of the Sand Island and Barbers Point wastewater discharges. Earlier surveys were spatially restricted to station transects along depth contours that passed through the mixing zone of the discharge sites. Replicate samples were collected at all stations, and statistical comparisons were made of ecological conditions at mixing zone and. reference sites. The Mamala Bay survey was based on stations randomly distributed throughout the bay but not in the immediate vicinity of the wastewater outfalls, and samples were not replicated at any station. The 2001 survey was designed to assess ecological conditions on a broad spatial scale and to define the range of natural variability of the macrobenthos throughout the bay. A great diversity of habitats was encountered in Mamala Bay, including stations characterized by extensive coverage of algae, rubble, and rocks; sites in the surf zone; areas with thin sediment coverage; as well as more typical soft-bottom habitats. Slope orientation varied from the south orientation of the Sand Island and Barbers Point sites to southwesterly and southeasterly orientations of sites at other stations in Mamala Bay. Slope orientation can influence the structure of benthic communities through differences in current regimes and susceptibility to large ocean swells. In particular, the depth range (l to 80 m) of the Mamala Bay stations was much greater than that of stations in previous, smaller-scale surveys. The range in sediment conditions was also greater, although it was relatively narrow for some parameters (e.g., TOC, 0.21 % to 0.76%; silt and clay, 1.4% to 14.1 %). The increased diversity of habitat conditions resulted in increased taxonomic diversity for the macrobenthos. More nonmollusk, crustacean, and mollusk taxa were collected in the regional survey than in any of the previous 26 surveys at the Sand Island and Barbers Point sites. There was also a much greater range in structural parameters (abundance, taxa richness, and diversity expressed on a per-sample basis) than in any previous survey. This was especially true for the nonmollusk and crustacean assemblages. Correlation analyses of the relations between depth, sediment parameters (grain size, TOC, TKN, ORP), and biological conditions among the 40 stations often gave statistically significant results. There were significant, positive correlations between depth and the numbers of nonmollusk taxa, crustacean taxa, and mollusk individuals. The numbers of nonmollusk individuals, nonmollusk taxa, crustacean individuals, and crustacean taxa showed significant, positive correlations with the silt-and-clay fraction and significant, negative correlations with the medium-sand fraction. Sediment TOC was significantly and positively correlated with the

15 numbers of nonmollusk taxa, crustacean individuals, and crustacean taxa. These data suggest that the Mamala Bay benthos is strongly influenced by depth, sediment conditions, or related factors. These relationships are typical of other benthic communities (Bergen et al. 2001). Cluster analysis of the nonmollusk benthos resulted in four reasonably well-defined station clusters (A through D) in terms of dominant species and community structure, plus a fifth cluster (E) that included several unrelated stations (Figure 6, Appendix Table B.2, Table 2). There were differences among clusters in mean water depth, which was significantly greater for clusters D (60.2 m), B (50.0 m), and A (39.3 m) than for clusters C (17.1 m) and E (7.7 m) (Appendix Table B.2). Comparison of sediment parameters among station clusters showed no significant differences in the mean proportion ofthe silt-and-clay fraction and the medium-sand fraction. However, the mean percent TOC in the sediments was significantly higher for cluster A (0.54%) than for cluster C (0.36%) or cluster D (0.23%). Thus, cluster A was characterized by intermediate depths (mean: 39.3 m, range: 32 to 55 m), the significantly highest TOC (mean: 0.54%), and the highest mean number of nonmollusk individuals (355.lIsample, significantly greater than all other clusters) and taxa (52.6/sample, significantly greater than all other clusters). Cluster B had the second highest mean nonmollusk abundance (186.6 individuals/sample) and the second highest mean nonmollusk taxa richness (34.4 taxa/sample, significantly greater than that of clusters C, D, and E); it was also characterized by intermediate depths (mean: 50.0 m), although over a broader range (18 to 74 m) than that of cluster A. Clusters C and E had the shallowest mean depths (17.1 m and 7.7 m, respectively) and relatively few individuals (mean: 66.1 and 101.5/sample, respectively) and taxa (mean: 10.2 and 12.9/sample, respectively). The deepest cluster (D, mean depth: 60.2 m) also had relatively fewer nonmollusk individuals (mean: 57.5/sample) and taxa (mean: 20.5/sample) than intermediate-depth clusters A and B. Pionosyllis heterocirrata ranked as a dominant species in all five station clusters (Table 2). The dominant species of clusters A, B, and D were very similar. Eight of the nine species that ranked as a dominant at least in one of these clusters was also found in the other two. Paramoera (?) sp. A was a dominant only in the shallow-depth clusters, C and E. This amphipod was not found at any stations deeper than 20 m. The disparate samples in cluster E were characterized by unique dominants like Munna acarina, Pisione sp. A, and Saccocirrus sp. A. All of the dominant taxa in clusters A and B had a mean abundance exceeding 7.0 individuals/sample. In contrast, the mean abundance of none of the dominants in clusters C, D, and E exceeded 5.0 individuals/sample. Thus, there are both quantitative and qualitative faunal differences among clusters. Clusters A, B, and D differ primarily in relative abundance. Clusters C and E differ from the others in terms ofthe presence of some unique dominants and in terms of reduced abundance relative to clusters A and B.

16 Both the correlation and cluster analyses indicate that the structure of the benthic community differs substantially with water depth. Highest abundance and taxa richness were usually recorded for stations at inte1TI1ediate depths (30 to 60 m), whereas lower values of both parameters typically were found at shallower and deeper stations. The relation between water depth and the benthos is not perfect. Some of the rich benthic samples included in cluster B came from relatively shallow (18 m) and deep (74 m) stations. Interestingly, the deepest station (80 m) in the survey combined with 10 shallow stations (4 to 24 m depth) to f01TI1 cluster C. Nonetheless, factors associated with water depth clearly influence the benthos. To examine the relation of the benthos to depth more directly, the 40 stations were divided among eight lO-m depth ranges (0.0 to 9.9 rn, depth range code "DRO"; 10.0 to 19.9 Ill, "DR1"; 20.0 to 29.9 rn, "DR2"; 30.0 to 39.9 rn, "DR3"; 40.0 to 49.9 rn, "DR4"; 50.0 to 59.9 m, "DRS"; 60.0 to 69.9 m, "DR6"; and 70.0 to 79.9 m, "DR?"). The spatial patterns of changes in nonmollusk abundance and nonmollusk taxa richness were very similar with respect to depth. Among depth ranges, there were highly significant differences in the mean number of nonmollusk individuals (F = 5.61**, p = 0.0003, Appendix Table BA, Figure 19). It was significantly less at DRO (shallowest) than at DR3, DR4, and DR5 and significantly less at DR7 (deepest) than at DR4 and DRS. Mean abundance, which ranged from 279.1 to 403.0 individuals/sample at inte1TI1ediate depths (30 and 60 m), was less at deeper depths (60 to 80 rn, 78.0 to 110.7 individuals/sample) and at shallower depths (1 to 30 rn, 67.8 to 133.0 individuals/sample). The minimum value occurred in the shallowest depth range (1 to 10m). Among depth ranges, there were also highly significant differences in nonmollusk taxa richness (F = 12.32**, p <0.0001, Appendix Table B.4, Figure 20). The results of the Student-Newman-Keu1s test showed that the eight depth ranges were perfectly discriminated with respect to the number of nonmollusk taxa, i.e., all of the 28 possible pairwise contrasts were significant. The highest mean number of taxa (at DR4) was significantly greater than the mean numbers at all other depth ranges, the second highest mean number was greater than the mean numbers at all except that at DR4, and so forth down to the seventh highest mean being significantly greater than the lowest mean. The highest mean number of taxa per sample, 56.0, was recorded for DR4, followed by 47.4 at DR3, 43.7 at DRS, 31.7 at DR6, 23.3 at DR7, 21.0 at DR2, 16.7 at DR1, and 9.8 at DRO. These data confi1TI1 the influence of depth on the benthos that was indicated by the correlation and cluster analyses. Nonmollusk taxa richness peaked at depths between 40 and 50 m and then declined in shallower and deeper waters. Relatively high taxa richness occurred when the depth range for peak richness was extended to 30 to 60 m (intermediate depths). Nonmollusk richness at depths between 60 and 80 m was less than at intermediate depths but greater than at depths less than 30 m. Richness declined with decreasing

17 depth even among the shallower stations, reaching a minimum mean value of 9.8 taxa/sample in areas less than 10 m deep. An analysis ofchanges in abundance and taxa richness in relation to depth range was also made for the crustaceans because of their sensitivity to environmental stress. Essentially the same results as for all nonmollusks were obtained (Appendix Table B.4, Figures 20 and 21). There were highly significant differences in crustacean abundance and taxa richness in relation to depth. Maximum values of both parameters were recorded for samples taken in the three depth ranges between the 30 and 60 m depths (range in means: 63.6 to 146.7 individuals/sample, 9.3 to 15.3 taxa/sample). Lower values were recorded for samples from the two deeper (means: 15.0 to 19.0 individuals/sample, 5.3 to 8.3 taxa/sample) and three shallower (means: 12.9 to 27.6 individuals/sample, 2.3 to 4.5 taxa/sample) depth ranges. The lowest mean crustacean abundance and taxa richness were recorded for the shallowest depth range. There were qualitative shifts in taxa composition among depth ranges. Twenty nonmollusk taxa qualified as dominants at one or more of the eight depth ranges, although no single taxon was a dominant at more than four depth ranges (Table 5). Pionosyllis heterocirrata, Micropodarke sp. A, and Munna acarina were the only three taxa collected at all depth ranges. Aspidosiphon muelleri was the only species that was most abundant at depths exceeding 60 m. Anthuridae sp. A was the only taxa restricted to a single depth range. In fact, it was collected only at Station 77 (43.9 m), so it was not representative of most samples at DR4. Twelve ofthe 20 dominant taxa were most abundant at either DR4 or DR5. Taxa with relatively high mean abundance (>7 individuals/sample) at both DR4 and DR5 include Leptochelia dubia, Pionosyllis heterocirrata, Synelmis acuminata, Micropodarke sp. A, Branchiostoma sp. A, and Myriochele oculata. The dominants at DR3 and, with the exception of A. muelleri, at DR6 and DR7 were typically members of the DR4/DR5 assemblage, but less abundant. Pionosyllis heterocirrata reached its maximum abundance at DR2 (25.5 individuals/sample). The other dominants at DR2 were uncommon (::;:3.5 individuals/sample). Three dominants (Paramoera (?) sp. A, Protodrilus sp. A, and Saccocirrus sp. A) were collected primarily at shallow depths «20 m), although none achieved very high abundance (all <3.1 individuals/sample). In summary, the nonmollusks at intermediate depths (30 to 60 m) were most characteristic of Mfunala Bay. A couple of species appeared in deeper and shallower water, but they were not very abundant. There were no statistically significant differences among the eight depth ranges in sediment TOe, the medium-sand grain-size fraction, and the silt-and-clay grain-size fraction (all F < 1.2, all p > 0.35, Appendix Table B.4). Those results do not mean that sediment characteristics do not affect the Mfunala Bay benthos. However, the data show clearly that factors associated with depth are more strongly related to nonmollusk abundance and taxa

18 richness on the spatial scale of the present survey. Depth as a variable may best represent the cumulative net effect of complex interactions among multiple environmental variables. It is beyond the scope of a monitoring survey to identify these interactions, but they may include factors such as the pattern of sediment scouring by wave action, primary production, predator distribution, current regimes, and sediment characteristics. Cluster analysis of stations based on mollusk abundance and species composition resulted in three reasonably well-defined clusters (A, B, and C), plus a fourth cluster (D) that includes several unrelated stations (Figure 18, Appendix Table C.2, Table 4). The three B subclusters share a common letter code to indicate their relatively close similarity to each other in the dendrogram. Statistical comparisons among clusters of water depth, TOC, silt-and-clay grain-size fraction, and medium-sand grain-size fraction showed that all except 2 of the 60 potential pairwise comparisons were not significantly different (Appendix Table C.2). The two significant differences were the greater depth for subcluster B2 (67.5 m) than for cluster A (18.3 m) and the greater proportion of medium sand (43.4%) for cluster A than for cluster D (10.0%). There were highly significant differences among clusters in mean number of mollusk individuals (F = 6.61 **, p = 0.0002). Mean mollusk abundance was significantly greater for subclusters B2 (583.5 individuals/sample), B3 (379.6), and Bl (379.0), and cluster C (313.9) than for clusters A (168.2) and D (125.8). Mollusk abundance was the only quantitative biotic or abiotic parameter that effectively discriminated among the clusters. Mean number of mollusk taxa ranged from 30.2 taxa/sample for cluster D to 49.5 taxa/sample for subcluster Bl; however, the differences among clusters/subclusters were not significantly different (F = 2.17ns, p =0.0807). Qualitative shifts in species composition and differences in abundance at the species level separate the mollusk station clusters (Table 4). The three B subclusters were characterized by a number of abundant species, especially Pusillina marmorata, which was also abundant in cluster A, absent in cluster C, and relatively rare in cluster D. Tricolia variabilis was the most abundant species in clusters A and C but ranked no higher than fifth in abundance in any of the other clusters. Except for Finella pupoides, none of the dominants in cluster D was very abundant. The correlation and cluster analyses provided less evidence of the importance of depth in the distribution ofmollusks than was the case for the distribution of nonmollusks. Nonetheless, for consistency of presentation, mollusk abundance and taxa richness were compared among the depth ranges. There were no significant pairwise contrasts for either abundance or taxa richness among the eight depth ranges (Appendix Table C.3, Figures 23 and 24). If anything, the mollusks have a very different relation to depth than the nonmollusks. The two highest values of both mean mollusk abundance (445.3 and 529.3 individuals/sample) and taxa richness

19 (45.3 and 56.3 taxa/sample) were found at DR7 and DR6, respectively, the two deepest depth ranges. The lowest values of mean mollusk abundance (159.3 individuals/sample) and taxa richness (22.3 taxa/sample) were found at DR5. The preceding analyses of nonmollusks and mollusks have compared station groups on the basis of faunal similarity and depth range. A different, qualitative assessment of station grouping is to examine the spatial distribution in Mfunala Bay of samples whose faunal characteristics show evidence of possible stress effects. Areal taxa richness, expressed as the number of taxa collected per sample, is probably the best structural indicator for benthic communities. Taxa richness typically declines during benthic degradation caused by various kinds of pollution. Between 2 and 67 nonmollusk taxa/sample were collected at the 40 Mfunala Bay stations. Figure 25 shows the spatial distribution of the eight stations (62, 69, 74, 79, 83, 88, 89, and 98) where fewer than 10 nonmollusk taxa were collected. Sites of substantial pollution stress might be indicated if these taxa-poor stations were concentrated in a particular area of Mfunala Bay. This was not the case because the eight stations were widely distributed across the bay. The restriction of these eight stations to shallow water depths between 3.0 and 14.9 m was also not an indication of pollution stress because reduced taxa richness of nonmollusks in shallow waters appears to be a natural characteristic of the entire bay. A similar analysis for the mollusks showed that the eight stations with the lowest taxa richness (Stations 74, 76, 80, 91, 92, 94, 95, and 96; taxa range: 8 to 26 taxa/sample) were not so uniformly distributed in Mfunala Bay (Figure 26). Five of the stations with the lowest mollusk richness were located in waters off the region between Sand Island and the mouth of the Ala Wai Canal, an area of commercial activity. The eight stations with fewest mollusk taxa did not differ substantially from other stations in mean values for depth or sediment parameters. However, the diver's notes indicate that most ofthese stations, including four of the five between Sand Island and the Ala Wai Canal, were characterized by "lots of rocks" or a "thin sand layer"-i.e., not an optimal soft-bottom infaunal habitat. The diversity ofbenthic conditions in Mfunala Bay makes it difficult to establish baselines for future comparisons. Certainly, mean values of biological variables like abundance and taxa richness have little meaning for the bay as a whole. Identification of dominant species, mean abundance and richness (especially with respect to depth ranges for the nonmollusks) will facilitate comparison of conditions in 2001 with results of future surveys. In addition, the frequency distribution of areal taxa richness offers a simple graphical baseline for the range of benthic conditions within the survey area where sampling was conducted randomly and without replication. For the nonmollusks, this distribution shows a pronounced shift from the relatively taxa-poor samples with 24 or fewer nonmollusk taxa (60% of all samples; collected primarily at shallow and deeper stations) to the taxa-rich samples with 43 or more taxa (30% of all samples;

20 collected primarily at intermediate depths; Figure 27). For the mollusks, this distribution is much more gradual, reflecting the generally more uniform distribution of mollusk taxa in the bay (Figure 28). Comparison of the 2001 distributions with those of future surveys could be used to assess changes in the bay as a whole. Benthic conditions near the Sand Island and Barbers Point outfalls in the context of the Miimala Bay survey One application ofthe results of the 2001 Mamala Bay regional survey is an assessment of conditions near the Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls in relation to that of the entire bay. Since no samples were collected in the immediate vicinity of the outfalls as part of the regional survey, results of the most recent core surveys at the outfalls were used in the assessment. The design of the outfall surveys was different from the Mamala Bay survey, with the former based on fixed stations with replicate samples and the latter based on randomly located stations without replicates. The samples themselves were essentially identical, except that the mollusk counts for Barbers Point were based on smaller samples than that for Sand Island or Mfunala Bay. The Barbers Point counts ·were adjusted (proportional 50% increase in abundance, estimated 25% increase in taxa richness) to make them comparable. The most recent survey at the Barbers Point outfall was conducted in January 2001 and included four stations located on the boundary or within the zone ofinitial dilution (ZID) of the outfall, each with five replicates, for a total of 20 "ZID-area samples" (Swartz et al. 2001b). The most recent survey of the Sand Island zm was conducted in August 1998 and included four stations located on the boundary or within the ZID, each with six replicates, for a total of 24 "ZID-area samples" (Swartz et al. 1999). The mean number ofnonmollusk individuals and the mean number of nonmollusk taxa in the Sand Island and Barber Point ZID-area samples in relation to mean values recorded for the eight depth ranges in the Mfunala Bay survey are shown in Figures 29 and 30, respectively. The ZID-area data have been placed in position according to depth range on the x-axis of these figures. Despite differences in survey dates and design, mean nonmollusk abundance and mean nonmollusk taxa richness for the Barbers Point and Sand Island ZID-area samples are very close to expected values, based on the relation between depth and the nonmollusk community established in the Mfunala Bay survey. These data do not indicate any adverse alteration of the nonmollusk benthos at the ocean outfall mixing zones. There was an important qualitative difference in nonmollusk species composition between the Mfunala Bay survey and earlier surveys near the outfalls. Ophryotrocha adherens, an indicator species for organic conditions near outfalls, has often been very abundant at the ZID­ area stations (Bailey-Brock 1996; Bailey-Brock et al. 2001; Swartz et al. 2001). For example, the mean abundance of O. adherens at the Sand Island ZID-area stations in August 1998 was

21 61.5 individuals/sample {13,557 individuals/m2) (Swartz et al. 1999). More recently, it was 5.8 individuals/sample 0,279 individuals/m2) at the Barbers Point ZID-area stations (Swartz et al. 2001b). However, in August 2001, no specimens of O. adherens were collected at any of the 40 Mamala Bay sampling stations. The mean number of crustacean individuals and the mean number of crustacean taxa in the Sand Island and Barber Point ZID-area samples in relation to mean values recorded for samples collected from the eight depth ranges in Mamala Bay are shown in Figures 31 and 32, respectively. Mean crustacean abundance at both ZID areas was more than that at Mamala Bay depths less than 30 m or greater than 60 m but was less than that at depths between 30 and 60 m. Mean crustacean taxa richness at both ZID areas was less than at DR5 and DR6, indicating the possibility of a slight reduction near the outfalls. This is consistent with the historic pattern of a diminished crustacean assemblage at some of the ZID-area stations (Swartz et al. 1999, 2001b). The mean numbers of mollusk individuals and taxa in the Sand Island and Barber Point ZID-area samples in relation to mean values recorded for the eight depth ranges in the Mamala Bay survey are shown in Figures 33 and 34, respectively. As was the case for the nonmollusks, mean mollusk abundance and taxa richness for the Barbers Point and Sand Island ZID-area samples are very close to expected values based on the analysis of mollusk community established in the MamalaBay survey. These data do not indicate any adverse alteration of the mollusks at the ocean outfall mixing zones. The frequency distribution for nonmollusk areal taxa richness in the Mamala Bay survey is compared with the distributions for the Sand Island and Barbers Point ZID-area samples in Figure 35. The three distributions are very similar for the 30% of the samples with the highest number oftaxa. The two ZID-area distributions do not show the sharp decline in the number of nonmollusk taxa per sample seen for the Mamala Bay distribution. This difference reflects the location of the ZID-area stations in the taxa-rich habitat found at intermediate and slightly deeper depths in Mamala Bay. The ZID-area stations do not extend into shallow or very deep water where fewer taxa are naturally present. Nonmollusk taxa richness in the ZID areas was therefore determined to be at the higher end of natural variability in Mamala Bay. The frequency distribution for mollusk areal taxa richness in the Mamala Bay survey is compared with the distributions for the Sand Island and Barbers Point ZID-area samples in Figure 36. The two ZID-area distributions are centrally located within the range of natural variability established in the Mamala Bay distribution. Both ZID-area distributions do not include the lowest or highest values of the Mamala Bay distribution. As in the case of the nonmollusks, these differences reflect the location of the ZID-area stations in the bay. Their locations do not include the rocky or thin sand-layer sites where fewer mollusks were collected

22 in the bay survey, nor do they include the very deep sites where·the greatest number of mollusk taxa were collected in the bay survey. Mollusk taxa richness in the ZID areas was therefore determined to be toward the middle ofthe range for the entire bay.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

A broad-scale spatial survey of benthic assemblages and sediment conditions was conducted at 40 stations throughout Mfunala Bay in August 2001. A variety of benthic conditions were encountered, including extensive coverage by rocks, rubble, algae, thin-layer sediments, as well as typical soft-bottom benthic habitats. Despite this diversity, some sediment parameters were relatively constant. All ORP values were positive, indicating the absence of anaerobic conditions throughout the bay. All measurements of sediment TOC were in the narrow range between 0.21 % and 0.76%, providing little evidence for the high sediment organic enrichment seen elsewhere in depositional areas where TOC concentrations typically exceed 1%, e.g., 1.2% to 10.9% for sediments ofthe Kattegat (Pearson et al. 1985); 0.6% to 8.9% for sediments off the coast of Maine (Bader 1954); 1.4% to 4.1 % for stations near the Los Angeles ocean sewage outfalls (Swartz et al. 1986); and 4.0% to 10.7% in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, a semi-enclosed bay subject to organic pollution (Wade 1972; Wade et al. 1972). Muddy sediments with a high silt-and-clay fraction were not collected. There was greater variability in the proportion of the grain-size distribution represented by the different sand fractions, but all samples were composed of at least 85% sand. The total number ofbenthic taxa found in the Mfunala Bay survey exceeded that collected in any previous survey near the Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls. This is attributable to the greater diversity of habitats in the bay. Differences in abundance and taxa richness of the nonmollusks and crustaceans were associated primarily with water depth. High mean nonrnollusk abundance and taxa richness were recorded for intennediate depths (30 to 60 m), whereas lower means were recorded for shallower and deeper depths. Cluster analysis confIrmed the relation between depth and faunal similarity. Differences in dominant nonmollusk taxa were reflected in the few taxa present only in shallow or deep water, as compared to the many taxa present in intermediate-depth water. The mollusks were more uniformly distributed in Mfunala Bay, although cluster analysis showed that stations with the highest mollusk abundance were located in deeper water. All statistical comparisons of mollusk taxa richness among station clusters or depth ranges were not signifIcant. The results of the Mfunala Bay survey are similar to those of a recent benthic survey in southern California. Bergen et al. (2001) collected benthic samples at 175 uncontaminated sites

23 on the continental shelf (10 to 200 m) from Point Conception, Califomia, to the United States-Mexican border. The southern California survey was much larger in scope in terms of number of samples, depth range, and latitudinal extent. Bergen et al. (2001) identified four infaunal assemblages in their study area: a shallow-water (10 to 32 m), a mid-depth (32 to 115 m), and two deep-water (115 to 200 m) assemblages, one in fine sediment and another in coarse sediment. Water depth was the principal factor in discriminating among benthic faunal conditions in both Mfunala Bay and southern California. Abundance and taxa richness were lower in shallow water «30 m) relative to intermediate depths in both investigations. Sediment parameters did not clearly discriminate among faunal conditions in shallow and intermediate depths in both study areas. Only at deeper sites (>115 m), which were not sampled in Mfunala Bay, were sediment conditions in southern California clearly associated with biological differences. One difference between the two investigations is that the faunal differences between shallow and intermediate depths in southern California were characterized to a greater extent by differences in dominant species composition rather than differences in relative abundance. Another difference is that the overlap in dominant species composition between depths was less prevalent in southern California than in Mfunala Bay. The results of the 2001 Mfunala Bay survey establish a baseline or reference for future comparisons to assess natural changes or potential effects of pollution. The range in sediment and biological conditions or "range of natural variability" is one element of this baseline. Ranges have limited utility for comparisons because they are often based on a diversity of conditions that are not relevant to a site-specific assessment. This is especially true for biological conditions in Mamala Bay, where depth could be a confounding factor if it were ignored. The minimal values of biological ranges have utility because they· establish a lower bound, below which conditions may be unacceptable. Sites reflecting minimal values of parameters like areal taxa richness may indicate areas of special concern. Low values of nonmollusk taxa richness were recorded for sites which appear to be naturally limited to the shallow waters of Mamala Bay. Most low values of mollusk taxa richness were recorded for sites with rocks or thin sand layers. Species composition is an important part of the Mamala Bay 2001 baseline. Dominant species have been identified in relation to station clusters and depth ranges. At least one species, Ophryotrocha adherens, is a reliable indicator of sites under the influence ofthe two ocean outfalls in the bay. The most statistically rigorous component of the 2001 baseline is the calculation of mean abundance and taxa richness for nonmollusk, crustacean, and mollusk assemblages in relation to station clusters or depth ranges. These data can be used to assess spatial or temporal changes in the structure of the benthos. Finally, the frequency distribution of areal taxa richness is suggested as a baseline parameter. This distribution is representative of the entire bay and is independent of depth or other stratifying

24 factors in random sampling designs. The distribution for mollusk richness reflects relative uniformilty throughout the bay. The distribution for nonmollusk richness reflects the dichotomy between the taxa-rich sites at intermediate depths and the less taxa-rich sites in shallow and deep water. An immediate application of the Mamala Bay baseline is to assess conditions described in earlier outfall surveys in the context of conditions found throughout the bay in 2001. Mean abundance and mean taxa richness of the nonmollusks and mollusks sampled in the most recent surveys of the ZID areas at the Sand Island (in 1998) and Barbers Point (in 2001) outfalls were close to expected values for comparable depths in Mamala Bay, whereas the mean values for crustaceans were somewhat less than the expected values. This is consistent with the historic evidence for a slightly diminished crustacean assemblage in ZID areas (Swartz et al. 1999, 2001b). The frequency distributions ofnonmollusk taxa richness for the ZID surveys followed the taxa-rich segment ofthe distribution for the bay, i.e., they did not include taxa-poor samples found inshore and offshore of the ZIDs. The frequency distributions of mollusk taxa richness for the ZID-area surveys fell within the frequency distribution for the bay survey. Comparison of recent ZID-area surveys with the Mamala Bay 2001 baseline confirms the presence of a diverse and abundant macrobenthos within and near the ZIDs of the Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls.

REFERENCES CITED

Bader, R.G. 1954. The role of organic matter in determining the distribution of pelecypods in marine sediments. J. Mar. Res. 13:32-47.

Bailey-Brock, J.H. 1996. Definition of indicator species for pollution monitoring in Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Project MB-9 in vol. 2 of "Mamala Bay Study Final Report." Mamala Bay Study Commission, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Bailey-Brock, J.H. 1999. Nerillidae ofHawaii: Two new records of interstitial polychaetes. Pac. Sci. 53:299-304.

Bailey-Brock, J.H., B. Paavo, B.M. Barrett, and J. Dreyer. 2001. Changes in pollution indicators in the Sand Island sewage outfall, in Oceans 2001 MTSIIEEE Conference Proceedings "An Ocean Odyssey," a conference and exposition held on November 5-8, 2001, at the Hilton Hawaiian Village in Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 1401-1407. MTS 0­ 933957-28-9, Oceans 2001 MTSIIEEE Conference Committee.

Barnard, J.L. 1970. Sublittoral Garnrnaridea (Amphipoda) ofthe Hawaiian islands. Smithsonian Contr. Zoology 34: 1-286.

Barnard. J.L. 1977. The caverincolous fauna of Hawaiian lava tubes. Pac. Insects 17:267-299.

25 Barnard, J.L., and G.S. Karaman. 1991. The families and genera of marine gammaridean amphipoda (except marine gammaroids). Rec. Australian Museum Supplement 13(Parts 1 and 2: 1-866.

Bergen, M., S.B. Weisberg, RW. Smith, D.B. Cadien, A. Dalkey, D.E. Montagne, J.K. Stull, RG. Velarde, and J.A. Ranasinghe. 2001. Relationship between depth, sediment, latitude, and the structure of benthic infaunal assemblages on the mainland shelf of southern California. Mar. Bio!. 138:637-647.

Blake, J.A., B. Hilbig, and P.H. Scott. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 5, the Annelida Part 2, Polychaeta: Phyllodocida (Syllidae and scale-bearing families), Amphinomida, and Eunicida. Santa Barbara Museum ofNatural History, Santa Barbara, California. 378 pp.

Bloom, S.A. 1981. Similarity indices in community studies: Potential pitfalls. Mar. Eco!. Prog. Ser.5:125-128.

Brock, RE., and J.H. Brock. 1977. A method for quantitatively assessing the infaunal community in coral rock. Limno!. Oceanogr. 22:948-951.

Fauchald, K., and P.A. Jumars. 1979. The diet ofworms: A study of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanogr. Mar. Bio!. Ann. Rev. 17:193-284.

Folk, RL. 1968. Petrology ofsedimentary rocks. Austin, Texas: Hemphills. 170 pp.

Kay, E.A. 1975. Micromolluscan assemblages from the Sand Island sewer outfall, Mamala Bay, Oahu. Interim Prog. Rep. (Proj. F-322-74 for City and County of Honolulu), Water Resources Research Center, University ofHawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. 19 pp.

Kay, E.A. 1978. Interim progress report. Summary of micromolluscan data. Biological monitoring at Sand Island outfall. Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Kay, E.A. 1979a. Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii, Section 4: Mollusca. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 64(4). Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. 653 pp.

Kay, E.A. 1979b. Micromolluscan assemblages in Mamala Bay, 1977. Prog. Rep., Water Resources Research Center, University ofHawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Key, E.A. 1980. Micromollusks: Techniques and patterns in benthic marine communities. In Environmental Survey Techniques for Coastal Water Conference Proceedings, Water Resources Research Center and Sea Grant, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Hawaii Water Pollut. Contr. Assoc., January, Honolulu, pp. 93-112.

Kay, E.A. 1982. Micromolluscan assemblages in Mamala Bay, Oahu: Preliminary summary of 1982 report. Spec. Rep. 6:22:82, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Kay, E.A., and R Kawamoto. 1980. Micromolluscan assemblages in MamalaBay, Oahu, 1979. Prog. Rep., Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. 20pp.

26 Kay, B.A, and R Kawamoto. 1983. Micromolluscan assemblages in Mamala Bay, Oahu, 1974-1982. Tech. Rep. No. 158, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. 73 pp.

Nelson, W.G. 1986. Benthic infaunal sampling in vicinity of the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii. Spec. Rep. 6:20:86, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. 117 pp.

Nelson, W.G., J.H. Bailey-Brock, E.A. Kay, D.A. Davis, M.E. Dutch, and RK. Kawamoto. 1987. Benthic infaunal sampling near Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii. Spec. Rep. 4:02:87, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. 85 pp.

Pearson, T.H., A.B. Josefson, and R Rosenberg. 1985. Peterson's benthic stations revisited. Is the Kattegat becoming eutrophic? J. Exp. Mar. Bio!. Eco!. 92: 157-206.

Pielou, E.e. 1984. The interpretation of ecological data: A primer on classification and ordination. New York: John Wiley. 253 pp.

Russo, A.R, E.A Kay, J.H. Bailey-Brock, and W.J. Cooke. 1988. Benthic infaunal sampling in vicinity of Sand Island Ocean Outfall, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Spec. Rep. 6.12:88, Water Resources Research Center, University ofHawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. 95 pp.

Sanders, H., R Hessler, and G. Hampson. 1965. An introduction to the study of deep-sea benthic faunal assemblages along the Gay Head-Bermuda transect. Deep Sea Res. 12:845-867.

Schroeder, P.e., and e.O. Hermans. 1975. Annelida: Polychaeta. In Reproduction of marine invertebrates, ed. Ae. Giese and J.S. Pearse, vol. 3, 1-213. New York: Academic Press.

Sokal, RR, and F.J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. 3rd ed. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. 887 pp.

Swartz, Re. 1978. Techniques for sampling and analyzing the marine benthos. Doc. No. 600/3-789-030, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.

Swartz, Re., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, and B.A. Kay. 1999. Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Sand Island Ocean Outfall, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 1998. Proj. Rep. PR-99­ 10, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu. 172 pp.

Swartz, Re., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, and E.A Kay. 2000. Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Sand Island Ocean Outfall, O'ahu, Hawai'i, September-October 1999. Proj. Rep. PR-2000-06, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu. 209 pp.

Swartz, Re., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, and E.A Kay. 200la. Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Sand Island Ocean Outfall, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2000. Proj. Rep. PR­ 2001-08, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu. 225 pp.

27 Swartz, Re., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, and E.A. Kay. 2001b. Benthic faunal sampling adjacent to Barbers Point Ocean Outfall, O'ahu, Hawai'i, January 2001. Proj. Rep. PR­ 2001-09, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu. 189 pp.

Swartz, Re., J.H. Bailey-Brock, W.J. Cooke, and E.A. Kay. 2001c. Macrobenthos monitoring near the Sand Island and Barbers Point ocean outfalls, O'ahu, Hawai'i, in Oceans 2001 MTSIIEEE Conference Proceedings "An Ocean Odyssey," a conference and exposition held on November 5-8, 2001, at the Hilton Hawaiian Village in Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 1408-1416. MTS 0-933957-28-9, Oceans 2001 MTSIIEEE Conference Committee.

Swartz, Re., F.A. Cole, D.W. Schults, and W.A. DeBen. 1986. Ecological changes in the Southern California Bight near a large sewage outfall: Benthic conditions in 1980 and 1983. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 31:1-13.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987a. Quality assurance and quality control (QAlQC) for 301(h) monitoring programs: Guidance on field and laboratory methods. EPA 430/9­ 86-004, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 267 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987b. Recommended biological indices for 301(h) monitoring programs. EPA 430/9-86-002, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 17 pp.

Wade, B.A. 1972. A description of a highly diverse soft-bottom community in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. Mar. BioI. 13:57-69.

Wade, B.A., L. Antonio, and R. Mahon. 1972. Increasing organic pollution in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 3:106-111.

28 TEXT FIGURES

21° 27'

21° 24'

21° 21'

21° 18' 6668 e e e 73 67ee ee76 ~ 7e ee78 21° 70 72 75 15'

Mamala Bay e Station 21° c;::::::l Zone of initial dilution 12'

158°06' 158°0~' 158°00' 157°57' 157°54' 157°51'

FIGURE 1. Mamala Bay regional study sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

31 120

100 I Coarse ~ sediment C) 1 .~. jjj Medium sand 1< s: 80 / >- / 1< Fine sand CD / ~~~ Z / Silt and clay 0 V '~~ ~' ~ i= / V VVV en V ~ ~ V /// 0 60 / / a. / '/ / ~ V ~ ~ ~ V / ~ 1/ v / 0 ~ / YV V/ Y ~ c.> ~ Y VV v 1/ v V / / ;/ y V l,- ~ / Y V // VVVVV u.> Y YY 1/ //// N W 40 ~ v ~ c.> / / // Y ~ ~VV ~ a: V ~ w ~ ~ ~Y V ~ // 1/ v V /// a. / VV Y I,- // :I Y ~ /VV Y ~ / ~~ /// 1/ v V // V ///1// V Y Y ~ VV Y / '/ //// :I /VVV y Y //// VVVVVV ~ /1/1/ // Y 1/ 1/ / ~ / VV // Y /// V y 20 :I V /// VV // /VVV //// VVV ~ V V //// 1/ 1/ ~ ~ v ~ ~ ~ ~ ~V ~ / VVVVYVVV j j ~~~ ~/Y // 1/ // V /// VVV :I VV ~ v v ~~ ~ ~ ~~VVV ~ ~ :I 1/ 1/ V / / ~ ~ ~ ~ C :I V v v ~ '.. k IL v v VV ~ 1/ 1/ V l..-' 1/ V VVVVVV 1£, V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j..:: i-" o ~ I-' IL ~~~~~IL ~ .1 .I.IIII 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85" 86.' 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE 2. Sediment grain-size characteristics, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 700

600 I- W ...J a.. w. " ~~: ~~

::i: ~ ~ ~'f 500 ~: ~ I- i , ...J :)« ~ I Ii. ~: ~ ~! o ~:i ..,., rJ' :> I:? ~'l~ l'* ~,~, is 400 I- ~{ ~~ .~5I~.~~ r~i! z it: ~~ !~ ~;~f;~, ~ <;; 1,,- ,'it ,;/ ~1 13;1 en (~ ;~~1 ~~ ;;{ :~: F~~ :) ,";,{ f~j jJ ~.,!.w,~". ~I~ ...J '1', .,.. "., ,,".\' ii':' ,'''. '~I ~. ~;~ ~~ ;t~ ...J 300 '~~i ~,'" 1 i:1t w (-.l ~~~ .z. ~:l, j[f': 'rUi, !;~!~:~ ~~ w o ':;' '7''1 Jr, ~~~ ~'i?;~ .ti~: ~:~.i; .~~ ::i: '''' "",;,', I:;l ?4' ,,~ t' ,.!< '1: I,ll z o }g ~ ii. ~1~ ~ I ~I~ ~ I~~, I~I~, ~ ~I~I~ Z ,;; l:i\~'1'1', ..." ~ ~ ~ ~~:~:i ~ I~'(!~ ~ ?C~. lL 200 \}~ I t': .P ~,n;,I Wi $fi~,I~ r?\l w; 11;'i~~~ o IJ~: tl1 i~. '1:1. ,~.i1.-r;,~'I' ~ I. ~r~ ~. m;l ~4~' r'l

'II~ ~Ii~ I~~i~l~~I oz ;(; ~~:~

~ ,~~~~ I~'~ I~ ~" I~~~I~ I~~' ~:; ! :1: ~ I~~;~I~ ~l: ~ !P,'~rl~, ~ ~ ~J,~ 100 '~g 'i Ii ,. ,i ,'; Ii ~ t~ '~~ ~li -p iii: ;~\:1~ ~ I~~ ~ ""'~,. ~ iif!', ". ,,~ *' Ii ~ ~ '~ffi!,;~ ~, .~ !J; ~ ,', w ~ w I~~ .!il, r.n:, ~ r~ ,~;;>~J!j \Jl ',ro, f,~,

~i ~i~;~~l~ ~"."~ ~ ~f~ I~'~~~it,~~ I~~~ ~,ffi~.:~ ~i:~, Ji: "" ;iQ . ",: ~. ,~}. ''l!'''~ ~,~ ~ ,~:.~ r;.~ I"'. ,,;,' .W :I': '!J Pit: 1t<.4 ." 'm I" ". ;,'1· iJ$, ,\!' .' " ~ ~~ ~ ~~I~,~1:~t~ ~ ~ ~;~:~,~ o I ~~ II III .,..I il I Iii I f1 I II If i! I I III 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99100 STATION

FIGURE 3. Number of nonmollusk individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 100 I i

80 I- W-l a.. ;; 60 ~I- 'f~

~ I:~: (J) =>-l I o-l ~ ~ I ~ :!: ~ ~ z 40 ~~I w o .j::.. z ~,,, u. ~~ ~I

.;.~

o ;~~;' t~~

. ~ -:1\1', o II\~r z ti ~, ., i.~., I• I:'ii1 ~~ 20;1', ~:; ~ ~ I;,: r~~'I"l,,,'

~~~!t:.~'.I\'~ ~ ~ ~'

~ ~ ~.. ti 4~ ! ~. <, I<- ~ -... ': ~ , 1 , ~ ~I ~~i t) !, ~ ,;.,~ ""'~~~,....,...,..,."Y-'",j, ~ o Wi: iSi "...... 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 $5 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 STATION

FIGURE 4. Number of nonmollusktaxa per sample, Mamala Bay samplingstations,O'ahu, Hawai'i, August2001 4, I 1.0 0.918 3.835 0.912 0.845 ,.... /3.177 0.8 3

-~ -:::;. 0.6 (J) (J) ~ w (J) z a: 2 z w w > > 15 w 0.4 w VI I ~ 1.120

0.873 0.2 V • Diversity 0.637 0.530 0.500 o Evenness I 0 ,,,!!,! I I I I 1 I I ! IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I '0 61 6263 6465 666768 69 7071 727374 7576 77 78 7980 81 828384 85868788899091 92939495 9697 9899100 STATION

FIGURE 5. Shannon-Wiener H' diversity index (In) and evenness index (J) for nonmollusks, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 01 1

201-

w>< 0z 34.5 56.9 ~ 401- 0: 51.9 497. 54.7 543 :5 56.5 ~149.9 I 55 4 ~3_3. Q~ QA ~5 ~ I . Ci5 I en ,.....:.:.:....=~c:5=4=.7::::i:""-..., 51.1 51 .9 i= 58.2 56.9 a: 59.5 :::> 60.1 60 l~8I 61.3 63.8 ~ w a: 67~.5 0\ a:l 73.9

BollI

100 ~ ~~ :::j~~ ~~Cl~~~~lSo~Ol~~jffi~ m~~~~~

STATION (Cluster Code)

FIGURE 6. Dendrogram for double square root transformed nonmollusk data showing cluster codes and similarity among Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 300 I I

W ..J ~I a.. ~t, ~

"\~I1.,~t:l·

~~ ~ Loof- '~ ::::> o I~I :> fj is ~,r ~ ~'L w *~ t1i ~l « Jfr I W -.l ~I ~ .~ o ~ a.. 100 n,f, t ~;. I u. f.':; ~1~ o ~> \.:" ~: 'l€ o ~.:, z .f~ ~~.; ~¥.~ ~%·'~

r; 1~ I",.'

'41;:~~ . J ~ ~,~} i

~: ~~ ~':: ~ ~I~. ~rf~ .~' """'j .f.' ~ ,.~ ,~).j~1~1 ~ """ 1''' ,1, I~ I~\}!I ~1:' 0 I liiJ I.\'Y,;I 'm1; 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE 7. Number of polychaete individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 50 I I

40 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ m a.. ~.f.' "{ ~ ;:$ ~t~ ~f. c( r '~~ ,i, C/) ~. lti ;l!:J ~'?;

~ ~i ~i~ ;,~

X f,~ ~~ .~ f)~1

c( 30~ \~ ~!~ r.~

~ ~; 1.~-~!;ci!~ w !;:s ~~g:~: :~ -i;'w:,,~1..' r.':!" I- :f; ;~l~1 l;j[

W "~li"'i' ;,'. t~~ ;:, ~..~ ,'<~ I· ~~ _~ ~il ~ « 1.;:. "','i lV, - ,~"ri J: '" :.' lOt "" ,", 'J .ll~ I ':t"':l' "; ' I.e,.. '-' 'I t'i(!: ., ~, ~ f~ ~ I~,~~ '~'~~'~ ~ Z ~ >'. :.:£ ~\j ;;; I, lti. I I ~E, ~ 'It; ~'~ ~ ?or ~~. ~l. ~ ". ~ !i~ l 1f. 4,', lti! r;m ~ ~ 10 I~ I ~- 'I~I• f I I,: •_ i I ~' ~ ~ I~ ,\ lB. 1,>! MI. rn t,·, !S' '}" w· ft',l II M ... ~f¥ r~~~ ¥~ ~ ~ i~ ~~ I"@III~~'~ 1i!I l" :li:, . 'u V,\l" ' ~' I~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ?\~,. ~. ~ !~ I. ltif: ,"";if .:1: ..-.1 '. 11.', ,"( . IIn: ' '

~r~I~,~I~i ~~i>!1~'"',~"~ ~ ~ I'~ ~~ 1; '", 1<"I..'i f;t 'j '" I' .', ({....d : I, I '~, ~' 1/,;~'~ ~ I~' ~ I~ rS1 ~ ~.~ ~ ~' ~ ~ ~..,~ r~ ~~fujl~_~:t~l~,./i ~ l~f,~ .' ,'" .... wm' : Ii' ,'. . II ,- •,•\ I&'i Th; ".~'~, ~.,:~g~",j.",~,II,jI~i'. ~ ~~','Iii; II" 1 ' I' .,. 11, ,," ,!i!, "",., 11-,,~' liW ~ ;, , ' ,'> I~ ' Ii·m1 .. , i\!l; , II'• ~ ~ :f~' 1~1 ~ I','it ;Iii,: Iff. ,. •, l'J. r, 'I@ ,' •• I, . lill . .' ." "" I~. ~ lr~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I~ .11 l~ t: . ;;-l -, .. '''. "• -. ;. ~ ~ ~ ,J ~ ~ o ,", I II 11iiI, I M tI &, I" I II I II I.I " Iii. IT 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE8. Number of polychaetetaxa per sample, Mamala Bay samplingstations,O'ahu, Hawai'i, August2001 100 '/ '/ '/ '/ . en ~ '/ ..J < '/ ~ ::> .' ~ '/ ~ ~ f-" '/ Q 80 1/ > V '/ V '/ Detritivores is '/ .. V '/ ~ '/ Suspension '/ 1/ V W ~ '/ '/ '/ feeders I- '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ ~ W '/ ~ '/ '/ '/ < ~ '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ Carnivores '/ '/ '/ '/ 1/ '/ [5 60 ~ '/ '/ '/ '/ Omnivores '/ '/ '/ '/ ~ '/ ~ '/ '/ '/ '/ ~ ~ '/ 0 '/ '/ '/ '/ ~ '/ . c.. '/ '/ '/ '/ ~ ~ '/ '/ '/ '/ L ~ ~ ..J '/ '/ '/ ~ 1/ 1/ '/ '/ '/ '/ -'- '/ ~ ~ < '/ ~ 1/ '/ '/ I- '/ '/ '/ ~ ~ '/ '/ ~ IL '/ '/ 0 ~ '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ UJ I- 40 '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ '/ \0 U. '/ '/ '/ ~V '/ '/ ~ '/ '/ '/ ~~ '/ 0 '/ '/ '/ V L .J. '/ -'- ~ '/ '/ '/ ~ '/ '/ W V ~ '/ -'- V ~~ I '/ ~ -'- '/

o I 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99100 STATION

FIGURE 9. Percentage of total polychaete individuals in four trophic categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 100 - / / ~ / / .,1 / ;". / / <: / / / / r 80 / ., / Oetritivores Sw / / I- / / Suspension w / / <: / / feeders J: / / / 1/ 1/ () / / / 1/ Carnivores ~ / / / / / / / 1/ ~ o 60 / / / / / / / 1/ 1/ Omnivores 0- / / / .. 1/ 1/ 1/ / V / ~ / / / 1/ ...J / ~ / 1/ 1/ / ~ / ~ V / / / 1/ 1/ / ~ / / V ~ / 1/ 1/ / / g /V ~ V / y // / /V / / / / / / 1/ 1/ / l- 1/ /V // V / // / / / / / / 1/ 1/ ~ LL. / /V / ""- V y / / / / / 0 / / ~ ~ V v / 40 / / ~~ / VV / 1/ / / ~ / / w / ~ / / / / / / / V V / ~~ V / L ~~~ ""- / / / .j:::. / / / V 1/ / / / V / H ~ / y / / / / / 0 / / / V 1/ / / / / 1/ / ~ ~ Z / / / ~ V V / / V / / w / / 1/ / ~ / / () ""- ""- V / / / / f-' / / / / ~ / L/ II: / / / / L / ""- ,I w / / t. / 0- 20 ~ / ~ / / L ~ / / / / / '-'

o 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE 10. Percentage of total polychaete taxa in four trophic categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 100

en ...J« 11111...... ::J Q 80 > . .. .,. ' Motile 15z w ~~:~ ..•• •.••..• .•. .. ~ I' « 111111111111 [5 60 ,.' " ~ 0 n. " g...J I- 0 I• ••• < ••••••••• ~ u. 4 ••••••••••• 0 - w C) ~ Z W () 20 a:w n.

o r' 'I ,-I' 'i' ',"'1' 'i' '1-" 'i-'-I", I' ',' 'i' 'i' "-1-" 'I' 'I-I' 'I' 'I' "-I 1-1"1-1' " 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE 11. Percentage of total polychaete individuals in three motility categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations. O'ahu. Hawai'i, August 2001 100 A. _

« 80

11111111111111111111111111:111111111111~§:, 5 60 i ~11111111111111111:'::: u. ow 40 (!) .j:::.. « IV I- Z W 0 a: w a. 20

o r' 'i i-I' 'I' '. r T -----. IIIIIIII II 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE 12. Percentage of total polychaete taxa in three motility categories, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 250 I I

~ 200 I­ a.. «~

~ :3 o :; 150 I- is z z I US

~j .j:::. w 100 I- ~ ~ ::> ~ a: I (,) ~), ~.g. l1. o ~~J o I z 50 ~ ~ .". Ii'~

~ ~ • • ~W

o d~ ,.~ 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE 13. Number of crustacean individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 50 I I

40 w ...J n. ~ c{ (J) ~ ~ I- 30

Z ::~I c{ w ;~~;

(.) t~~

c{ ~~:fi,

I- ~~~;~I (J) ~ -~,~ If 20 (.) t u. 0 0 z

~ ~ ~~~ ", r~~ I~~I ~~ ~, II] i1® ~ ~J ",'t:~, ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ 10 n tl9'h "'_ II II -= !r.\: I~ #.' il1

.~

·~I " ~., o ' \l\l ~, ,. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 STATION

FIGURE 14. Number of crustacean taxa per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 1000 I I

w 800 I­ ...J n. ~ II(i'; ~ II ...J ~ « I~, => Jt ~: Cl 600 I- :; ~ I~~ ~. ~~ B Ij,\~' 'F' ~ ~ en ~ ~ ~ :::ii' t,''!: I"~, ~;!~1 ~~, ~ oj::. => ~'" \~ ~, "I :,-t, l.i\j ~ :i~ '~t ;~ ~ VI :::l 400 I- ., i.i!; ,..;, ~ li:~ ~~, o I fi#" .~. ~ : ~. ~ "" ,,,' "b '"' ~ ;;W II'" t, %!l &" ~~: ~Il ~ ,~~ I~ ~J ~~I .~"w·:\.~. !iJ. ~.~., ,.•, ;'!"~ \.~ \~ u.. "- - :.~ }~~l' I • .?it 1;( o ~ ~ Q ~ ~ .~~I:~ ~ ,~~ ~ ~! 1 ¢ ¥ ',I..~-r.~ 'J'.f. i"~~ -f.o,.. ~ ~). , .. .r_, ..;." I"', o ~~ ~~ ~ ~j ~. G~ '~C" z Ii; ,'k ,' ;'\1 ~ ~ ;,~ :",~ ~ ~ ;~,..~-~ ~~ ~~: 1i f} 200 I- t<':% tJ; ..,'f-,: ~ • I~,~"",:,;: *.

~ ~,iif ~ ~ !i~~':"I~ I'~ ~,:I,' II1'_;~~,'W .; I" I; I mT.f ..r Ii. ~ ~" ~ ·1 ~ ,€, ','" I;pj ~ ,.' ~~" ~I: f~~'11l@:fl@1 ~~ ",I~ [~, It¢. i~(: ~,,;. ~'"I' "~o, ~ ~ ,,;:II " ,'\l'l?' 1"" •. 'ijA , "f, '.' :il; ~.',~.~.:e\, ~i~ ~~. ,~~',',~,1 (1i, . r', >" !!ii '1 r.,; i~.:'. ,~~"': ~ ;~' % Iii ~ ,; , I~ :. I I ,~.". "I~~; :-.~,1 ·1, tf.~;".': ~.. ~ ~L '~' ~ "~,~' ~~I~,I.,i' ,;ll.~~"fi1i1l1iffi.lli~IWi I. w t ,",11111 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 STATION

FIGURE 15. Number of mollusk individuals per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai"i, August 2001 100

80 I-

W ...J a.. ~

~ S 60 I- ~ en ::> ...J o...J ~ 40 I- LL +:­ o 0\ ~ I~ ~1~..;-~,I~~.~ ~~ I~~r}g.,~~1'1> \(~II. II' "I' "" c-~ ~. ef~ ~ o ~~~ ~. fi ~n. ~;jl . rtF.I, z ','.,- ," , i' . t iill· -}'''; I- t& I, "1" - t- tl, ;m:. i _. ... < r,v. 1.$ ~ ~~.' ~, ~ ~ ~ ~,~~ ~.". ~'~,'~l,.I~ $..'" Iiti," if, ~1.·.~,','~liM i,; \t; ,iI] ",t 16 > i< • iii< :.\.111 &;;:1" ~ ~1.J ~, ~- ~ ~,~ ~ ~;t' ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~: I~~i1 ~t ~~_ kf ii'~"'~ tpa §j' :. . ',' [i <.:. . : '; : :¥ ~I~ ~ \~j, ~~{,,~.:~Ij~.~ ~ ~.'~ w' $.' :11,' I. ''l' ,;'" "ll II "" W;i '>li g:; I." '{ II'.," !® !\l.,. l\'[i ~~ ~ r~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ """*,,~.1/ ~ ~~ -" 'i.!' li',~y' ,"- ". '"'' k1li ". Il'i p',.,-", Xt .• I 11'J!' I. '-'I "'% 20 ~~.i,~ ~ ~ ~~.'i:!, ~~.~,;.,."~~~.};;~~~I~ I~II~~~III~~.~.'.~'~~' ~;.;;~;.• II.I II '.; , I , ~~j~. ~ ·t~~~l~.~~i: ~ ~~l~·:t~i~~~ ~i ,~~ ~. ~~ ~ ~~ ~~i~ ~.,i,~ i~i1 , ft tl (' ri.{ i "

~ I~~'~ ~ ~ 'j\:~ \(~I .1.' .~;."1,.;(; .", !,\ \~~~iI~~~, 1jl "t iffi,: It'i 1.1'!i . iill '.." I!S! il<\1 ;S • I: ',;'[' iil ~ ~ ~, ~. "1 ,;,). ". 1.\'" ,.~<"ili" )C,· ,,,,' l'!J II '.;Ii! I.~ ;$ I~ '" '<." . I'''' II "" . I'R! ,1k"'"

~i." ~ IjIJ.···'~~ ~ ~iI~;~ ~ ~.J~ ~ ~ ~.'"I~'~ I~.''''.~~ ~.~iI !~ I .' r;< lit Ii :".,' ". I,' : lill'. ,;J

'·1~,,~!,~ ~ I~~ J~,~I ~~ ~~~ ~I~~~,~:I~!~~ ~~ I~:~,~~~~. ~.' I~~ ~~k: ~ lit II :« i " ;: 'I Ie¥' ~"1~~.' ~ ~ If~oI~ ~ ~ 1li~ I.,." .:l-\ ~.• h-J. ,if '.'~,1;1...• ,1 liE Ii r,o II iii! I&l' wti )c' ""'.0 " ;;.9; , ,~~s;, ~ ~ ~ ~[~ ~L1 r~ ~ ~p; I~' ~ l!:~.'~'~ :)~ I:~: ,~ :~i..~;I ~? I:;P,; "I\;) ,"P t I' i:'f r: [$ ;ii .; Ji -,', .' ii .. i!.i ,,: ~ ,~~ I~".~~ ~ ,r:;>~,~ ~l~ ~ ~~~~,t,1 II~.,::~;!~~q'l'!! ik'i ,#, ref' 1,¥1 II m; ;Fj , '

FIGURE 16. Number of mollusk taxa per sample, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 4 1 0 1 . 1 0.874 0.8n

0.8 3

-J::: -2- 0.6 en - en ~ w en 2.218 z a: z w 2 w > > is w 1.759 0.4 .+;:. -.l I 0.281

~O.2 ~ • Diversity 0.699 o Evenness

01 I III II IIII I IIIIIII IIII I I IIIII II I I I III III 1 0 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 7374 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 8384 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 9697 98 99100 STATION

FIGURE 17. Shannon-Wiener H' diversity index (In) and evenness index (J) for mollusks, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 .-- --j 64 (0)

.------1 85 (0) ..------1 97 (0) Cl! ~ ..----,------1 71 (0) i-L------l 68 (0) - lC! u; ..------1 96 (0) ..--~ '------1 95 (0) ~ .------1 88 (C) '

- ~ ~ 90 (C) ll) ~l 89 (C) ~ 87 (C) '------1 86 (C) H,.------1 n (B3)

co ll) ~2,.------j 76 (83) ~ C\i - I 78 (83) 8 '

.------1 69 (A) r::- ~L------~ 63 (A) M ll) ll) ~W 1'------1------,------1 61 (0) I o o N ~ ~ 16

X30NI A.LIHVlIV\lIS SI1HnO-AVH8

48 1000 .------, W ...Ja.. ~

~ 800 <: o:::> :> C5 z 600 ~ (J) :::> ...J o...J ~ z 400 o z u. o dz 200 z <:w ~ o

FIGURE 19. Mean (+1 SD) number of nonmollusk individuals per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

100 w ...Ja.. ~ <: 80 (J) ~ I- ~ (J) 60 :::> ...J ...J 0 ~ Z 0 z 40 u. 0 d z z 20 <:w ~

0

FIGURE 20. Mean (+1 SD) number of nonmollusk taxa per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

49 250 w ...Ja.. ::::?: < ~ 200 ...J

<~ I:) :> 15 z 150 z

FIGURE 21. Mean (+1 SO) number of crustacean individuals per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

25 w ...Ja.. ::::?: < 20 ~ z 15

0

FIGURE 22. Mean (+1 SO) number of crustacean taxa per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

" 50 1000 w ...Ja.. ~ en« 800 en «...J ::> 0 :> 15 600 z en~ ::> ...J ...J 0 400 ~ u. 0 0 z z 200 «w ~

0

FIGURE 23. Mean (+1 SD) number of mollusk individuals per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

100 w ...J a.. 80 «~ ~ ~ 60 en ::> ...J ...J 0 ~ u. 40 0 0 Z z w« 20 ~

o

FIGURE 24. Mean (+1 SD) number of mollusk taxa per sample in relation to 10-m depth ranges, Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

51 Mamala Bay

• Station c:;:::::l Zone of initial dilution

158°06' 158°00' 157°57' 157°54' 157°51'

FIGURE 25. Location of stations where ten or fewer nonmollusk taxa were sampled, Mamala Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

52 21° 27'

21° 24'

21° 21'

21° 18'

76• 21° 15' Mamala Bay

• Station 21° c:::::J Zone of initial dilution 12'

158°06' 158°00' 157°57' 157°54' 157°51'

FIGURE 26. Location of stations where twenty-six or fewer mollusk taxa were sampled, Mamala Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

53 100 w ...J a. 80 :::2 «en ~ ~ I- ~ 60 en ::::> ...J ...J 0 :::2 z 40 0 z u. 0 0 z 20

OL..-~---'__--L__---'-__-'-__-'--__J..-_---'L....-_--'-__""""'__-' o 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES WITH A LOWER NUMBER OF NONMOLLUSK TAXA

FIGURE 27. Frequency distribution for the number of nonmollusk taxa at Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

100.------...,

w 80 ...Ja. :::2 «en ~ ~ 60 I- en~ ::::> ...J ...J 0 40 :::2 u. 0 0 z 20

01..-.-_---'__--'-__---'-__-'-__-'--__"--_---'__--'-__---'-__..... o 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES WITH A LOWER NUMBER OF MOLLUSK TAXA

FIGURE 28. Frequency distribution for the number of mollusk taxa at Mamala Bay sampling stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

54 1000 r------:------, W ..J 0.. ~ lUI Mamala Bay stations ~ ~ Sand Island ZID-area stations ...J 800 « [::=J Barbers Point ZID-area stations :::lo :>o z 600 :::c::en :::l ...J ...Jo z~ 400 oz u. o ciz 200 z ~ ~ o

FIGURE 29. Mean (+1 SO) number of nonmollusk individuals relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZIO-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

100 r------,.------,

W .Bl Mamala Bay stations ...J 0.. ~ E2Z:l Sand Island ZID-area stations 80 ~ [::=J Barbers Point ZID-area stations :::c:: en 60 :::l ...J o...J ~ z oz 40 ou. ci z z 20 ~ ~

o

FIGURE 30. Mean (+1 SO) number of nonmollusk taxa relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZIO-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

55 250 ..------,------, ~ Q. lllil fv'!amala Bay stations ~« I2Za Sand Island lID-area stations ~ 200 « c=l Barbers Point liD-area stations ::> Cl :> is z 150 z « LU

~ 100 ::> a: (.) u. o d z 50 z ~ ~ o

FIGURE 31. Mean (+1 SO) number of crustacean individuals relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZIO-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

25..------,

~ '81 Mamala Bay stations Q. ~ ~ Sand Island liD-area stations 20 ~ c=l Barbers Point liD-area stations Z « 15 LU ~ ::> a: (.) 10 ou. d z z « 5 LU ~

o

FIGURE 32. Mean (+1 SO) number of crustacean taxa relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZIO-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

56 1000 ~------,

W ....J Mamala Bay stations a.. ell ~ E22J Sand Island liD-area stations ~ 800 c=J Barbers Point liD-area stations « ::J Cl :> Ci 600 ~ en~ ::J ....J o....J 400 ~ u. o oz z 200 « w ~

o

FIGURE 33. Mean (+1 SD) number of mollusk individuals relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

100.------,

\> '.. Mamala Bay stations ~ ~ a.. Sand Island liD-area stations ~ 80 c=J Barbers Point liD-area stations ~ 60 en~ ::J ....J ....Jo ~ 40 ou. oz z « w 20 ~

o

FIGURE 34. Mean (+1 SD) number of mollusk taxa relative to depth at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with that at ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

57 100 ~------,

Mamala Bay stations W ...J Sand Island liD-area stations a.. 80 ~ Barbers Point liD-area stations ~ ~ 60 en :::> ...J ...J o ~ 40 o z u. o g 20

0'--....::;...-'------''------1-----'------'-----'-----'------'------'----' o 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES WITH A LOWER NUMBER OF NONMOLLUSK TAXA

FIGURE 35. Frequency distribution for the number of nonmollusk taxa at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with the distributions for the ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

100 ~------...,

Mamala Bay stations Sand Island liD-area stations ~ 80 a.. Barbers Point liD-area stations ~ ~ 60 en~ :::> ...J ...J o 40 ---..-.. ~ --- --­.---.. u. - .. .. o ...... - dz 20

0'----'---~'------1-----'-----'-----'-----'------'-----'----' o 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES WITH A LOWER NUMBER OF MOLLUSK TAXA

FIGURE 36. Frequency distribution for the number of mollusk taxa at Mamala Bay stations sampled in 2001 compared with the distributions for the ZID-area stations sampled at the Sand Island Ocean Outfall in 1998 and at the Barbers Point Ocean Outfall in 2001

58 TEXT TABLES

TABLE 1. Abundance of Numerically Dominant Nonmollusk Taxa, Mfunala Bay Sampling Stations, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Leptochelia dubia 2 0 0 0 3 0 6 0 0 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 3 0 2 4 1 9* 13* 12* 1 Eriopisella sechellensis 10 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 Synelmis acuminata 12* 0 0 0 6* 0 0 0 0 Micropodarke sp. A 4 0 1 1 3 3 8 10 0 Branchiostoma sp. A 11* 0 0 0 6* 0 0 0 0 Myriochele oculata 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 11* 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 Munna acarina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionospio cirrifera 10 0 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 Aspidosiphon muelleri 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 22* 22* Ophiodromus angustifrons 1 0 0 0 5* 0 0 0 0 Euchone sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pisione sp. A 0 0 0 15* 0 0 0 19* 0 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 Exogone sp. E 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 Nematonereis unicomis 0 0 0 0 0 0 11* 0 0 Myodocope sp. A 16* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Konatopus paao 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 I 0 18* 0 1 0 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protodrilus sp. A 0 0 0 7 0 I 0 3 0 Armandia intermedia 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Lumbrineris latreilli 0 0 0 13* 0 0 0 0 0 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 22* 0 I 0 1 0 Micropthalmus sczelkowii 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spio blakei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 9* 0 0 Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

*Ranked among the three most abundant nonmollusk taxa at individual stations. Taxa with three or fewer individuals per station were not eligible to be classified as a dominant.

61 TABLEI--Continued No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Leptochelia dubia 4 0 0 3 0 11 2 108* 0 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 11* 2 9* 21* 0 7 5 9 9* Eriopisella sechellensis 26* 0 2 43* 0 30* 6 18* 12* Synelmis acuminata 0 0 1 3 0 5 5 13 1 Micropodarke sp. A 4 1 0 3 0 13* 2 4 0 Branchiostoma sp. A 10* 0 4* 3 0 9 3 2 2 Myriochele oculata 0 0 0 1 0 2 12* 13 1 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 Munna acarina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 Prionospio cirrifera 2 0 1 10* 0 8 4 9 0 Aspidosiphon muelleri 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 7* 0 0 0 0 Ophiodromus angustifrons 2 0 1 1 0 3 2 3 2 Euchonesp.B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Pisione sp. A 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 Polyophthalmus pictus 1 0 0 3 0 4 7* 0 1 Exogone sp. E 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 Nematonereis unicomis 5 0 0 1 0 12* 3 0 0 Myodocope sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 Konatopus paao 2 0 0 3 0 3 7* 4 0 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29* 0 Protodrilus sp. A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Armandia intermedia 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 Lumbrineris latreilli 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micropthalmus sczelkowii 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spio blakei 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Melita appendiculata 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5*

62 TABLE I-Continued No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Leptochelia dubia 0 0 7* 8* 2 3 0 1 0 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 4* 0 0 2 1 0 0 23* 38* Eriopisella sechellensis 0 1 0 9* 0 10* 0 10 0 Synelmis acuminata 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 3 0 Micropodarke sp. A 0 0 0 8* 0 12* 0 13* 1 Branchiostoma sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 14* 0 21* 1 Myriochele oculata 0 0 0 1 0 6 0 4 0 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 8 6* Munna acarina 0 0 0 1 0 7 33* 0 4* Prionospio cirrifera 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 6 1 Aspidosiphon muelleri 0 0 0 9* 0 10* 0 3 0 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Ophiodromus angustifrons 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 5 1 Euchonesp.B 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Pisione sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Exogonesp.E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Nematonereis unicomis 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myodocope sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 Konatopus paao 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Questa caudicirra 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protodrilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 5* 0 0 1 0 Armandia intermedia 0 0 3 0 0 1 5* 0 0 Lumbrineris latreilli 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micropthalmus sczelkowii 1 7* 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 Spio blakei 0 0 3 0 0 0 6* 1 1 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

63 TABLEI--Continued No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Leptochelia dubia 0 0 0 0 61* 0 0 48* 27* Pionosyllis heterocirrata 0 1 13* 2 29 9* 11* 6 10 Eriopisella sechellensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46* 9 Synelmis acuminata 0 0 1 0 24 0 0 53* 13 Micropodarke sp. A 0 0 0 0 28 0 11* 16 10 Branchiostoma sp. A 0 0 0 0 40* 0 I 13 8 Myriochele oculata 0 0 0 0 32 0 11* 9 18 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 0 I 0 36* 2 3 1 11 Munna acarina 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 25* Prionospio cirrifera 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 4 10 Aspidosiphon muelleri 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 7 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophiodromus angustifrons 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 5 6 Euchone sp. B 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 7 26* Pisione sp. A 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 0 0 8 0 3 0 1 Exogone sp. E 0 0 0 0 4 0 8 3 0 Nematonereis unicomis 0 0 0 I 0 0 1 0 0 Myodocope sp. A 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 6 1 Konatopus paao 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 5 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 3 16* 0 3 0 0 0 Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protodrilus sp. A 0 1 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 Annandia intermedia 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 I 1 Lumbrineris latreilli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micropthalmus sczelkowii 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spio blakei 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0

64 TABLE I-Continued No. ofIndividuals No. of No. of Regional Stations Stations Taxon Station Total Where Taxa Where Taxa 97 98 99 100 Present Dominant

Leptochelia dubia 0 0 26* 0 322 17 7 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 0 0 2 2 271 31 13 Eriopisella sechellensis 3 0 4 0 242 18 8 Synelmis acuminata 7* 0 9* 2 163 18 5 Micropodarke sp. A 1 0 3 0 160 23 5 Branchiostoma sp. A 2 0 1 3 154 19 7 Myriochele oculata 2 0 7 9* 133 16 3 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 0 8 0 106 20 3 Munna acarina 2 0 9* 0 91 10 4 Prionospio cirrifera 2 0 1 1 88 20 1 Aspidosiphon muelleri 5* 0 1 8* 62 16 4 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 56 5 3 Ophiodromus angustifrons 2 0 2 0 54 20 1 Euchonesp.B 2 0 8 0 48 8 1 Pisione sp. A 0 0 0 0 47 9 2 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 7 0 42 13 1 Exogone sp. E 0 0 9* 0 41 "10 1 Nematonereis unicomis 0 0 0 0 36 9 2 Myodocope sp. A 1 0 0 0 36 8 1 Konatopus paao 1 0 0 0 35 12 1 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 0 31 6 1 Myodocopesp.B 0 0 0 1 29 7 1 Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 29 1 1 Protodrilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 28 9 1 Armandia intermedia 1 0 1 0 26 14 1 Lumbrineris latreilli 1 0 0 1 25 9 1 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 24 3 1 Micropthalmus sczelkowii 0 0 0 0 19 7 1 Spio blakei 0 0 1 0 17 9 1 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 0 16 5 1 Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 13 3 1

65 TABLE 2. Mean Abundance of Numerically Dominant Taxa in Nonmollusk Station Clusters, Mlimala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 Number of Nonmollusk Individuals/Sample Taxon Station Cluster A B C D E

Leptochelia dubia 21.6* 9.0* 0.2 1.5* 0.9 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 10.0* 11.4* 3.2* 5.0* 3.1* Eriopisella sechellensis 18.5* 4.3 0.1 1.5* Synelmis acuminata 10.5* 4.9 0.1 3.5* Micropodarke sp. A 7.3 7.6* 0.2 1.5* 1.8 Branchiostoma sp. A 7.4* 7.9* 5.0* Myriochele oculata 6.5 7.8* Sphaerosyllis sp. G 4.3 5.6 0.6* 0.9 Munna acarina 3.8 1.9 0.1 4.1* Prionospio cirrifera 6.4 1.9 1.5* Paramoera (?) sp. A 2.9* 3.0* Ophiodromus angustifrons 2.7 1.9 0.3 3.0* Pisione sp. A 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.5 4.3* Myodocope sp. B 0.5 2.0* 0.4 Saccocirrus sp. A 3.0* Microphthalmus sczelkowii 0.5 0.1 1.1 *

*Ranked among the five most abundant taxa in one or more station clusters.

66 TABLE 3. Abundance ofNumerically Dominant Mollusk Taxa, Mfunala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Diala scopulorum 2 4 6 0 31 0 0 0 0 Tricolia variabilis 5* 19* 61* 2 13 31* 17 4 41* Cerithidium perparvulum 3 0 20* 0 120* 10* 61* 2 12* Pusillina marmorata 4 4 15 1 47* 20* 30* 4 6 Diala semistriata 1 2 8 0 46 7 15 4 1 Styliferina goniochila 0 1 1 0 3 1 4 1 0 Diala sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina granulosa 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 Parashiela beetsi 1 1 4 2 18 6 16 2 3 . Lophocochlias minutissimus 1 0 14 0 29 5 0 2 0 Caecum sepimentum 0 6* 7 0 24 3 11 4 6 Finella pupoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scaliola spp. 2 1 7 0 53* 1 11 0 0 Orbitestella sp. 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Orbitestella regina 5* 4 9 1 3 0 1 0 7 Rissoina pulchella 0 0 0 0 21 1 18* 0 0 Alcyna ocellata 3 0 0 0 12 8 0 1 0 Schwartziella ephamilla 0 0 3 0 11 0 12 3 1 Cerithidium diplax 1 3 21* 0 11 8 8 2 2 Rissoina cerithiiformis 0 0 2 0 2 3 5 42* 1 Kellia hawaiensis 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 7 Cyclostremiscus emeryi 3 12* 6 0 1 0 0 0 5 Ittibittium parcum 5* 6* 17 0 0 5 4 0 10* Vennetidae sp. 1 6* 8 0 0 0 1 1 10* Caecum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Benthonella sp. 2 0 4 1 15 0 0 0 0 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina ambigua 0 0 0 4* 0 0 1 12* 0 Fragum mundum 1 1 6 1 1 0 1 1 3 Rochefortina sandwichensis 2 0 2 0 0 1 2 2 0 Rhinoclavis articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bittium impendens 0 1 1 0 2 3 1 15* 2 Ostrea sp. 0 0 1 5* 0 0 0 0 1

*Ranked among the three most abundant nonmollusk taxa at individual stations. Taxa with three or fewer individuals per station were not eligible to be classified as a dominant.

67 TABLE 3-Continued No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Diala scopulorum 0 0 6 97* 0 103* 55* 17* 209* Tricolia variabilis 25 10* 13 10 11* 14 3 0 13 Cerithidium perparvulum 58* 1 56* 21 0 14 6 8 10 Pusillina marmorata 43* 6 36* 29* 98* 98* 6 3 42 Diala semistriata 43* 0 52* 2 0 1 0 8 5 Styliferina goniochila 3 1 1 30* 0 22 23* 38* 47* Diala sp. 0 0 0 27 0 55* 10* 12 87* Merelina granulosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parashiela beetsi 15 0 12 28 0 21 7 7 16 Lophocochlias minutissimus 6 1 8 19 2 13 8 1 13 Caecum sepimentum 9 6 16 24 0 34 10* 2 32 Finella pupoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Scaliola spp. 14 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orbitestella sp. 0 a a a 0 a a a 0 Orbitestella regina 3 1 6 5 2 3 4 1 4 Rissoina pulchella 8 a 11 10 a 15 0 a 24 Alcyna ocellata 2 a 15 2 0 7 0 1 1 Schwartziella ephamilla 9 1 3 17 a 15 3 0 19 Cerithidium diplax 13 2 15 a 0 a 0 0 0 Rissoina cerithiiformis 10 17* 1 1 0 0 0 1 4 Kellia hawaiensis 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 Cyclostremiscus emeryi a a 0 a 1 0 0 0 0 lttibittium parcum a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vermetidae sp. a 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Caecum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Benthonella sp. 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 49* 0 Rissoina ambigua a 3 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 Fragum mundum a 8* a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rochefortina sandwichensis 5 a 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rhinoclavis articulata a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bittium impendens 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ostrea sp. 0 a 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

68 TABLE 3-Continued No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Diala scopulorum 0 0 0 285* 0 97* 1 119* 39* Tricolia variabilis 53* 13* 20* 2 43* 10 0 0 4 Cerithidium perpaTVulum 4 1 5 117* 10 64* 0 34 13 Pusillina marmorata 23 3 1 39 25* 14 0 0 0 Diala semistriata 1 0 0 54 5 5 0 2 0 Styliferina goniochila 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 97* 8 Diala sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 72* 12 0 Merelina granulosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 45* 26* Parashiela beetsi 11 0 1 12 9 8 0 0 0 Lophocochlias minutissimus 7 2 2 10 6 0 0 0 7 Caecum sepimentum 5 12 0 13 25* 1 0 0 0 Finella pupoides 0 0 7 14 0 37* 0 10 0 Scaliola spp. 0 0 0 79* 0 22 0 0 0 Orbitestella sp. 1 0 0 3 0 2 1 9 17* Orbitestella regina 28* 5 10 4 16 1 0 5 2 Rissoina pulchella 0 0 0 15 2 3 0 0 0 Alcyna ocellata 6 2 0 5 1 3 4* 11 9 Schwartziella ephamilla 1 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 Cerithidium diplax 3 0 0 18 5 11 0 1 0 Rissoina cerithiiformis 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kellia hawaiensis 26* 18* 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Cyclostremiscus emeryi 7 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Ittibittium parcum 6 9 20* 0 1 0 2 0 0 Verrnetidae sp. 9 17* 22* 1 3 0 0 0 0 Caecum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 Benthonella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina ambigua 0 0 0 0 0 0 5* 0 0 Fragum mundum 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 1 Rochefortina sandwichensis 3 0 0 3 1 3 0 1 2 Rhinoclavis articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Bittium impendens 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Ostrea sp. 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

69 TABLE 3-Continued No. ofIndividuais Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Diala scopulorum 5 12 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tricolia variabilis 176* 27* 34* 22* 11 * 34* 10 2 0 Cerithidium perparvulum 1 6 28* 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pusillina marmorata 0 0 0 24* 33* 49* 26* 6* 13* Diala semistriata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Styliferina goniochila 0 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 Diala sp. 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina granulosa 52* 22* 52* 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parashiela beetsi 0 0 0 10 11* 32* 12 4* 7* Lophocochlias minutissimus 12 2 8 II 7 14 13* 2 2 Caecum sepimentum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Finella pupoides 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scaliola spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orbitestella sp. 19 22* 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orbitestella regina 7 8 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina pulchella 0 0 0 0 13* 4 0 3 0 Alcyna ocellata 5 2 9 7 3 3 2 2 0 Schwartziella ephamilla 0 0 0 2 5 8 15* 1 0 Cerithidium diplax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina cerithiiformis 8 1 1 1 1 0 5 0 0 Kellia hawaiensis 2 14 3 18* 0 0 1 0 0 Cyclostremiscus emeryi 22 2 7 8 1 4 0 0 0 Ittibittium parcum 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vermetidae sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum sp. 38* 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Benthonella sp. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Argyropeza leucocephala 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina ambigua 16 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fragum mundum 2 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 Rochefortina sandwichensis 0 0 1 2 2 1 I 0 6* Rhinoclavis articulata 5 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bittium impendens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ostrea sp. 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

70 TABLE 3-Continued No. ofIndividuals . No. of No. of Regional Stations Stations Taxon Station Total Where Taxa Where Taxa 97 98 99 100 Present Dominant

Diala scopulorum 18 4 II 29 1,166 22 9 Tricolia variabilis 2 50* 16* 60* 881 36 20 Cerithidium perparvulum 5 2 21* 48* 761 30 12 Pusillina mannorata 0 0 0 0 748 30 15 Diala semistriata 30* 0 0 42* 334 21 4 Styliferina goniochila 5 1 3 28 334 25 5 Diala sp. 5 0 6 14 310 12 4 Merelina granulosa 8 11 25* 32 281 12 6 Parashiela beetsi 0 0 0 0 276 27 4 Lophocochlias minutissimus 0 3 0 25 255 31 1 Caecum sepimentum 0 0 0 1 251 21 3 Finella pupoides 156* 1 1 5 239 11 2 Scaliola spp. 0 0 0 0 215 10 2 Orbitestella sp. 1 24* 5 33 162 14 3 Orbitestella regina 0 0 0 0 158 27 2 Rissoina pulchella 0 0 0 0 148 14 2 Alcyna ocellata 1 3 4 3 137 30 1 Schwartziella ephamilla 0 0 0 0 135 21 1 Cerithidium diplax 0 0 0 0 124 16 1 Rissoina cerithiiformis 0 0 0 0 109 20 2 Kellia hawaiensis 0 0 0 0 101 II 3 Cyclostremiscus emeryi 0 6 0 4 93 17 1 Ittibittium parcum 0 0 0 0 89 13 4 Vermetidae sp. 0 0 0 0 83 14 4 Caecum sp. 0 3 0 5 79 9 1 Benthonella sp. 48* 2 1 1 75 9 1 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 0 1 2 53 4 1 Rissoina ambigua 0 2 3 0 50 9 3 Fragum mundum 0 3 1 1 43 21 1 Rochefortina sandwichensis 0 0 1 0 43 20 1 Rhinoclavis articulata 0 15* 1 4 42 7 1 Bittium impendens 0 0 0 0 28 10 1 Ostrea sp. 0 0 0 0 16 10 1

71 TABLE 4. Mean Abundance of Numerically Dominant Taxa in Mollusk Station Clusters, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Mollusk Individuals/Sample Taxon Station Cluster A Bl B2 B3 C D

Diala scopulorum 0.77 9.25 191.00* 96.20* 29.38* 2.63 Tricolia variabilis 28.38* 17.00* 6.00 8.00 45.88* 3.13 Cerithidium perparvulum 4.77 73.75* 90.50* 11.80 19.13* 1.38 Pusillina marmorata 25.15* 39.00* 26.50* 35.60* 4.25 Diala semistriata 1.85 39.00* 29.50* 3.20 5.50 4.38* Styliferina goniochila 0.38 2.75 1.00 32.00* 18.63* 0.88 Diala sp. 38.20* 5.25 9.63* Merelina granulosa 0.23 33.13* 1.63 Parashiela beetsi 7.69* 15.25 10.00 15.80 2.00 Lophocochlias minutissimus 6.38* 10.75 5.00 10.80 7.13 1.00 Caecum sepimentum 4.92 15.00 7.00 20040* 0.13 1.25 Finella pupoides 0.54 25.50 0.80 2.63 19.50* Scaliola spp. 0.69 25.75* 50.50* 0.25 Orbitestella sp. 0.08 1.25 2.50 18.63* 0.25 Orbitestella regina 6.23* 3.25 2.50 3040 4.38 0.88 Rissoina cerithiiformis 1.23 4.50 1.20 1.25 7.38* Kellia hawaiensis 6.23* 2.38 0.13 Benthonella sp. 0.31 3.75 0.63 6.38*

*Ranked among the five most abundant taxa in one or more station clusters.

72 TABLE 5. Mean Abundance of Numerically Dominant Nonmollusk Taxa in Relation to lO-m Depth Ranges Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Depth Range (m) 0.0-9.9 10.0-19.9 20.0-29.9 30.0-39.9 40.0-49.9 50.0-59.9 60.0-69.9 70.0-79.9

Leptochelia dubia 0.8 5.5* 55.7* 29.3* 2.0 2.7* Pionosyllis heterocirrata 0.7 6.9* 25.5* 10.9* 7.3 16.0* 0.3 2.0 Eriopisella sechellensis 0.1 14.1 * 31.3* 3.7 4.7* 3.0* Synelmis acuminata 0.5 4.1 23.7* 12.7 4.7* 2.0 Micropodarke sp. A 0.2 3.4* 0.5 4.6 11.0* 12.7 5.3* 3.0* Branchiostoma sp. A 0.1 0.5 6.4* 8.0 17.3 7.3* 1.0 Myriochele oculata 1.6 3.8 8.0 16.7* 2.7 3.3* Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0.5 1.3 3.5* 4.0 1.3 15.7 0.3 Munna acarina 3.0* 0.3 2.0* 1.1 2.7 8.3 3.0 0.3 Prionospio cirrifera 0.1 0.5 4.9* 7.0 5.0 3.0 0.7 Aspidosiphon muelleri 1.6 1.7 4.0 5.0* 5.7* Paramoera (?) sp. A 3.1 * 3.1 * Ophiodromus angustifrons 0.4 1.5* 1.9 3.7 2.3 3.3 1.7 Pisione sp. A 1.5* 2.7* 0.6 2.0 0.3 Questa caudicirra 0.2 2.7* 0.1 3.0 Myodocope sp. B 0.1 3.0* 1.5* 1.0 0.3 Anthuridae sp. A 9.7* Protodrilus sp. A 1.2* 2.0 0.1 Lumbrineris latreilli 1.2* 0.1 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.3 Saccocirrus sp. A 2.0* 0.3

*Ranked among the five most abundant taxa at one or more depth ranges.

73

APPENDIXES

Appendix A. Sediment Data and Sample Locations

TABLE A.l. Position and Depth for Sediment Samples, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, 0 'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

Sampling Position Depth Station Date Latitude Longitude (rn)

61 16 August 21 0 16' 50.4" 158 0 06' 41.2" 31.7 62 12 August 21 0 17' 16.4" 158 0 06' 23.3" 5.5 63 16 August 21 0 16' 29.7" 158 0 06' 38.2" 79.6 64 11 August 21 0 17' 07.0" 158 0 05' 27.9" 9.4 65 15 August 21 0 15' 59.7" 158 0 05' 20.0" 66.8 66 11 August 21 0 16' 56.2" 158 0 04' 25.4" 14.6 67 15 August 21 0 16' 09.8" 157 0 04' 16.0" 34.7 68 11 August 21 0 16' 59.9" 158 0 03' 45.1" 16.5 69 11 August 21 0 17' 45.6" 158 0 02' 13.4" 4.3 70 09 August 21 0 16' 20.3" 158 0 03' 46.0" 32.0

71 11 August 21 0 17' 32.9" 158 0 02' 32.4" 7.0 72 15 August 21 0 15' 42.2" 158 0 03' 44.5" 53.6 73 15 August 21 0 16' 17.0" 158 0 02' 48.3" 39.6 74 12 August 21 0 17' 45.5" 158 0 01' 27.5" 6.7 75 09 August 21 0 15' 32.2" 158 0 02' 57.9" 41.1 76 09 August 21 0 16' 24.5" 158 0 02' 22.1" 36.3 77 09 August 21 0 17' 20.9" 158 0 00' 56.0" 43.9 78 17 August 21 0 15' 37.4" 158 0 02' 38.4" 39.3 79 08 August 21 0 17'29.9" 158 0 00' 08.4" 14.9 80 12 August 21 0 18' 07.4" 157 0 58' 54.3" 4.6

81 13 August 21 0 18' 55.5" 157 0 57' 40.6" 0.9 82 08 August 21 0 16' 47.4" 157 0 59' 15.4" 74.1 83 10 August 21 0 18' 11.2" 157 0 57' 48.6" 5.5 84 08 August 21 0 17' 07.1" 157 0 58' 27.6" 61.0 85 10 August 21 0 18' 27.4" 157 0 57' 11.3" 3.4 86 08 August 21 0 17' 35.2" 157 0 56' 49.0" 32.9 87 10 August 21 0 17' 38.3" 157 0 55' 31.8" 20.1 88 12 August 21 0 17' 49.3" 157 0 55' 07.6" 3.0 89 10 August 21 0 17'32.6" 157 0 53' 50.8" 12.2 90 10 August 21 0 17'08.8" 157 0 54' 00.1" 23.2

91 10 August 21 0 17' 26.4" 157 0 53' 06.9" 11.0 92 14 August 21 0 16' 49.9" 157 0 53' 46.9" 53.0 93 10 August 21 0 17' 15.5" 157 0 52' 34.8" 18.9 94 10 August 21 0 17' 11.6" 157 0 51' 55.3" 18.0 95 08 August 21 0 16' 45.2" 157 0 51' 40.7" 47.5 96 08 August 21 0 16' 16.8" 157 0 51' 13.0" 54.9 0 97 08 August 21 0 15' 46.5" 157 50' 32.4" 61.3 98 08 August 21 0 15' 32.2" 157 0 49' 39.2" 7.9 99 08 August 21 0 14' 58.7" 157 0 49' 14.6" 31.7 100 08 August 21 0 14' 53.8" 157 0 49' 31.0" 73.5

SOURCE: Oceanographic Team, Department of Environmental Services, City and County of Honolulu.

79 TABLE A.2. Sediment Chemical Characterization of Mfunala Bay Sampling Stations, 0'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 PD ORP TKN TOe Station (em) (+mV) (mg/dry kg) (% dry weight)

61 6.0 175 446 0.34 62 Dive core 235 475 0.52 63 14.0 125 201 0.22 64 Dive core 220 322 0.64 65 8.0 210 288 0.21 66 Dive core 205 386 0.55 67 6.0 215 415 0.76 68 Dive core 170 441 0.50 69 Dive core 240 464 0.49 70 6.0 185 474 0.72

71 Dive core 220 298 0.39 72 8.0 205 242 0.24 73 6.0 145 477 0.38 74 Dive core 220 449 0.51 75 6.0 205 467 0.56 76 9.0 190 665 0.47 77 7.0 175 261 0.54 78 6.0 125 397 0.26 79 12.0 190 319 0.32 80 Dive core 175 435 0.43

81 Dive core 190 299 0.26 82 7.0 180 249 0.36 83 Dive core 210 327 0.43 84 7.0 175 209 0.40 85 Dive core 15 317 0.32 86 12.0 175 240 0.45 87 Dive core 165 455 0.49 88 Dive core 180 296 0.33 89 Dive core 185 144 0.22 90 Dive core 205 150 0.28

91 Dive core 220 181 0.32 92 6.0 145 299 0.28 93 Dive core 195 118 0.36 94 Dive core 210 237 0.29 95 6.0 105 236 0.66 96 6.5 170 59 0.59 97 6.0 170 276 0.62 98 15.0 155 295 0.44 99 7.0 125 327 0.52 100 10.0 70 277 0.58

SOURCE: PD (penetration depth), ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), and TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen) data from Oceanographic Team and Environmental Quality Laboratory, Department of Environmental Services, City and County of Honolulu; TOC (total organic carbon) data from Columbia Analytical Services, Inc. (Kelso, Washington).

80 TABLE A.3. Sediment Grain-Size Analysis ofMamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 Sample Dry Weight Distribution (%) Station Phi Size -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 >4-12

61 0.00 0.05 0.17 0.41 15.21 72.10 7.48 5.38 62 0.00 0.05 0.12 1.84 92.61 3.04 0.14 2.35 63 0.43 1.53 9.43 17.18 41.32 25.01 0.49 2.71 64 13.53 14.15 44.46 25.69 1.72 3.04 0.35 1.90 65 0.27 2.40 8.25 16.53 29.36 31.20 4.66 4.47 66 0.00 1.17 12.84 52.57 29.68 0.83 0.16 2.72 67 20.52 6.53 12.23 26.10 18.16 9.65 3.64 4.36 68 1.08 4.21 29.21 51.84 10.26 1.45 0.24 2.76 68 (dup) 0.48 2.12 30.09 53.08 9.18 1.28 0.21 2.48 69 0.00 0.06 0.14 2.29 73.21 21.52 0.24 2.34 70 17.41 5.96 13.04 22.36 20.79 13.66 2.71 3.45 71 13.88 15.05 37.41 22.98 1.38 3.75 0.29 1.38 72 6.86 11.59 15.13 19.70 21.25 17.29 3.76 2.66 73 11.13 7.10 6.51 19.33 20.03 21.58 6.26 3.58 74 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.54 29.48 65.21 0.93 2.62 75 14.73 4.53 9.87 22.55 24.81 18.92 2.63 3.22 76 25.70 3.38 6.04 14.42 27.77 20.46 3.04 3.35 77 0.00 1.49 9.06 18.74 22.56 19.19 21.88 6.50 78 2.30 3.00 13.29 31.10 31.46 13.44 0.99 3.13 79 0.00 0.11 0.15 2.19 25.20 66.37 3.14 2.22 79 (dup) 0.00 0.06 0.10 2.03 25.08 67.36 3.08 2.28 80 16.36 3.49 3.09 11.79 55.11 6.78 0.20 2.00 81 5.77 7.05 13.78 21.34 24.31 12.53 5.45 7.12 82 0.00 1.12 6.81 16.71 21.39 30.51 16.35 6.94 83 0.34 0.15 1.17 29.35 63.77 0.30 0.04 1.82 84 1.66 2.12 6.27 16.93 33.54 22.92 11.00 5.90 85 8.03 11.60 16.22 9.10 8.14 23.07 13.96 14.13 86 0.61 3.09 10.18. 23.06 33.91 22.45 2.62 2.71 87 0.00 0.29 0.35 12.71 44.44 33.17 7.91 2.57 87 (dup) 0.00 0.00 0.44 13.25 43.67 32.46 8.45 2.97 88 0.00 0.08 0.98 47.67 46.17 1.20 0.05 1.66 89 0.00 0.08 0.17 1.74 24.73 60.37 9.14 2.22 90 0.00 0.49 1.01 5.51 35.57 43.51 9.19 2.31 91 0.28 0.48 5.71 27.13 28.74 31.40 2.01 1.68 92 1.30 3.34 9.30 19.99 32.04 23.90 4.93 3.18 93 0.00 0.35 4.40 32.68 48.76 8.97 0.19 1.53 94 14.16 15.84 19.87 24.34 19.43 5.08 0.75 2.08 95 0.30 2.83 7.81 14.57 17.32 22.37 27.26 7.55 96 0.66 1.68 4.47 8.50 18.76 32.73 25.19 8.01 97 0.57 0.71 2.25 4.04 7.32 35.71 40.41 6.59 98 0.00 0.09 0.17 1.46 16.38 75.97 2.06 1.93 98 (dup) 0.00 0.08 0.22 1.51 17.18 76.37 2.08 2.20 99 0.61 2.52 2.93 4.71 6.25 66.17 10.58 4.27 100 0.00 2.23 5.48 8.75 43.78 32.77 4.08 3.49

SOURCE: Environmental Quality Laboratory, Department of Environmental Services, City and County of Honolulu. NOTE: The values listed indicate the fraction percentage of the estimated dry weight of the sediment samples. The coarse fraction (-2 to +4) was analyzed by the sieve method. The fine fraction (greater than +4 to +12) was analyzed by the pipette method. ~ 81 ~ ~

Appendix B. Basic Statistics and Variances for Nonmollusk Data

TABLE B.!. Abundance, Taxa Richness, Diversity, and Evenness of Nonmollusks, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Number of Individuals 379 3 36 126 69 63 197 317 41 292 Number of Taxa 47 2 10 20 23 16 67 23 6 50 Diversity Index (H') 2.66 0.64 1.75 2.53 2.75 2.19 3.84 1.85 1.12 2.77 Evenness Index (1) 0.69 0.92 0.76 0.85 0.88 0.79 0.91 0.59 0.63 0.71

Station 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Number of Individuals 47 46 201 9 266 259 481 79 32 52 Number of Taxa 13 18 44 2 62 58 49 23 8 14 Diversity Index (H') 1.92 2.45 2.93 0.53 3.52 2.90 2.64 2.57 1.69 2.08 Evenness Index (1) 0.75 0.85 0.77 0.76 0.85 0.72 0.68 0.82 0.81 0.79

Station 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Number of Individuals 84 121 165 197 205 303 144 5 83 122 Number of Taxa 17 39 9 43 18 44 24 2 9 18 Diversity Index (H') 2.06 3.17 0.87 3.18 1.65 2.71 2.30 0.50 1.00 1.83 Evenness Index (J) 0.73 0.87 0.40 0.84 0.57 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.45 0.63

Station 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Number of Individuals 94 594 46 215 436 569 66 9 523 77 Number of Taxa 12 58 11 38 57 55 29 5 46 21 Diversity Index (H') 1.53 2.90 1.79 2.41 3.10 2.99 2.98 1.43 2.40 2.52 Evenness Index (1) 0.62 0.71 0.75 0.66 0.77 0.75 0.88 0.89 0.63 0.83

85 TABLE B.2. Depth, Sediment, and Biological Conditions for Nonmollusk Station Clusters, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 Station Cluster Statistical Comparison A B C D E F Ratio p Significant Differences

No. ofStations 11 8 11 2 8

No. oflndividuals: Mean 355.09 186.63 66.09 57.50 101.50 10.01** <0.0001 A>B,C,D,E No. of Individuals: Range 197-569 66-594 9-165 46-69 3-317

No. of Taxa: Mean 52.64 34.38 10.18 20.50 12.88 45.32** <0.0001 A > B,C,D,E; B > C,D,E No. of Taxa: Range 44-67 21-58 2-18 18-23 2-23

Depth (m): Mean 39.3 50.0 17.1 60.2 7.7 11.59** <0.0001 A,B,D >C,E Depth (m): Range 31.7-54.9 18.0-74.1 4.3-79.6 53.6-66.8 0.9-16.5 00 0\ TOC (%): Mean 0.54 0.41 0.36 0.23 0.45 4.69** 0.0039 A>D,C TOC (%): Range 0.34-0.76 0.26-0.62 0.22-0.5\ 0.21-0.24 0.26-0.64

Silt and Clay (%): Mean 4.76 4.26 2.08 3.57 4.32 2.11ns 0.1008 Silt and Clay (%): Range 2.71-8.0\ 2.08-6.94 1.38-2.71 2.66-4.47 1.66-14.13

Medium Sand (%): Mean 20.51 29.13 38.84 25.31 28.64 \.39ns 0.2573 Medium Sand (%): --Range 6.25-33.9\ 7.32-44.06 1.38-73.21 21.25-29.36 1.72-92.61 **p < 0.01, ns =nol significant. TABLE B.3. Abundance, Taxa Richness, Diversity, and Evenness of Crustaceans, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Number of Individuals 77 2 3 14 11 3 75 94 22 67 Number of Taxa 13 1 1 1 7 1 29 5 1 17 Diversity Index (H') 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85 0.00 2.98 0.83 0.00 2.17 Evenness Index (1) 0.74 ND ND ND 0.95 ND 0.88 0.51 ND 0.77

Station 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Number of Individuals 1 9 61 7 72 28 215 25 7 5 Number of Taxa 1 6 12 1 15 11 15 3 2 3 Diversity Index (H') 0.00 1.68 1.27 0.00 2.00 2.08 1.71 1.04 0.41 0.95 Evenness Index (1) ND 0.94 0.51 ND 0.74 0.87 0.63 0.95 0.59 0.86

Station 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Number of Individuals 12 35 26 36 52 28 21 1 12 19 Number of Taxa 5 12 4 11 7 7 3 1 2 6 Diversity Index (H') 1.23 2.14 0.77 2.11 U8 1.40 0.78 0.00 0.29 1.20 Evenness Index (1) 0.77 0.86 0.56 0.88 0.61 0.72 0.71 ND 0.41 0.67

Station 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Number of Individuals 32 111 8 37 153 149 10 0 148 7 Number of Taxa 4 7 2 10 16 15 7 0 12 3 Diversity Index (H') 0.99 1.05 0.66 1.89 1.89 2.15 1.83 0.00 1.41 0.80 Evenness Index (1) 0.72 0.54 0.95 0.82 0.68 0.79 0.94 ND 0.57 0.72

87 TABLE BA. Sediment and Nonmollusk Conditions in Relation to lO-m Depth Ranges, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

Depth Range (m) Statistical Comparison 0.0-9.9 10.0-19.9 20.0-29.9 30.0-39.9 40.0-49.9 50.0-59.9 60.0-69.9 70.0-79.9 FRatio p Significant Differences

Code for Statistical Comparisons 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 No. of Stations 11 7 2 8 3 3 3 3

No. of Nonmollusk Individuals: Mean 67.82 121.43 133.00 279.13 394.33 403.00 110.67 78.00 5.61** 0.0003 5> 0,7; 4 > 0,7; 3 > 0 No. of Nonmollusk Individuals: Range 3-205 32-317 122-144 79-523 266-481 46-594 66-197 36-121

No. of Nonmollusk Taxa: Mean 9.82 16.71 21.00 47.38 56.00 43.67 31.67 23.33 12.32** <0.0001 4> 0,1,2,7,6,5,3; 3> ,1,2,7,6,5; 5> 0,1,2,7,6; 6> 0,1,2,7; 7 > 0,1,2; 2>0,1; 1>0 No. of NOIlllJollusk Taxa: Range 2-20 8-38 18-24 23-67 49-62 18-58 23-43 10-39

No. of Cruslacean Individuals: Mean 12.91 27.57 20.00 63.63 146.67 89.67 19.00 15.00 6.43** <0.0001 4>0,7,6,2,1,3; 5>0 No. of Crustacean Individuals: Range 0-52 3-94 19-21 25-148 72-215 9-149 10-36 3-35

00 No. of Crustacean Taxa: Mean 2.27 3.71 4.50 13.00 15.33 9.33 8.33 5.33 6.02** 0.0002 4>0,1; 3>0,1 00 No. of Crustacean Taxa: Range 0-7 1-10 3-6 3-29 15-16 6-15 7-11 1-12

Depth (m): Mean 5.3 15.2 21.6 35.5 44.2 53.8 63.0 75.7 Depth (m): Range 0.9-9.4 11.0-18.9 20.1-23.2 31.7-39.6 41.2-47.6 53.0-54.9 61.0-66.8 73.5-79.6

TOC (%): Mean 0.43 0.37 0.38 0.49 0.59 0.37 0.41 0.39 0.95 ns 0.4797 TOe (%): Range 0.26-0.64 0.22-0.55 0.28-0.49 0.26-0.76 0.54-0.66 0.24-0.59 0.21-0.62 0.22-0.58

Silt and Clay (%): Mean 3.58 2.16 2.54 3.78 5.76 4.62 5.65 4.38 1.12 ns 0.3753 Silt and Clay (%): Range 1.38-14.13 1.53-2.72 2.31-2.77 2.71-5.38 3.22-7.55 2.66-8.01 4.47-6.59 2.71-6.94

Medium Sand (%): Mean 37.52 26.60 39.81 21.70 21.56 24.02 23.41 35.50 0.67 ns 0.6931 Medium Sand (%): Range 1.38-92.61 9.72-48.76 35.57-44.06 6.25-33.91 17.32-24.81 18.76-32.04 7.32-33.54 21.39-43.78

**p < 0.0 I, IlS= IlOtsignificant. Appendix C. Basic Statistics and Variances for Mollusk Data

TABLE C.1. Abundance, Taxa Richness, Diversity, and Evenness of Mollusks, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Number of Individuals 65 92 321 56 553 203 286 156 155 330 Number of Taxa 30 29 62 35 55 60 50 45 37 51 Diversity Index (H') 2.77 2.22 2.92 3.11 2.81 3.01 2.73 2.79 2.41 2.71 Evenness Index (1) 0.81 0.66 0.71 0.87 0.70 0.73 0.70 0.73 0.67 0.69

Station 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Number of Individuals 121 347 422 125 477 160 208 631 245 113 Number of Taxa 39 42 49 12 38 26 34 47 45 26 Diversity Index (H') 2.61 2.71 2.84 0.70 2.46 2.32 2.46 2.47 2.43 2.07 Evenness Index (J) 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.28 0.68 0.71 0.70 0.64 0.64 0.63

Station 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Number of Individuals 168 798 237 369 128 473 168 544 207 315 Number of Taxa 41 43 54 40 32 55 31 61 42 53 Diversity Index (H') 2.34 2.33 2.73 2.41 1.97 2.59 2.56 2.51 2.84 2.90 Evenness Index (1) 0.63 0.62 0.68 0.65 0.57 0.65 0.75 0.61 0.76 0.73

Station 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Number of Individuals 139 95 191 102 30 36 414 168 167 469 Number ofTaxa 24 17 31 21 12 8 41 31 48 64 Diversity Index (H') 2.37 1.89 2.11 2.11 2.18 1.76 2.35 2.23 2.79 2.92 Evenness Index (J) 0.75 0.67 0.61 0.69 0.88 0.85 0.63 0.65 0.72 0.70

91 TABLE C.2. Depth, Sediment, and Biological Conditions for Mollusk Station Clusters, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001

Station Cluster Statistical Comparison A BI B2 B3 C D FRatio p Significant Differences

No. of Stations 13 4 2 5 8 8

No. of Individuals: Mean 168.2 379.0 583.5 379.6 313.9 125.8 6.61** 0.0002 C,BI,B2, & B3 > D & A No. of Individuals: Range 92-321 286-553 369-798 160-631 167-544 30-414

No. of Taxa: Mean 35.3 49.5 41.5 38.8 48.1 30.2 2.17ns 0.0807 No. of Taxa: Range 12-62 42-55 40-43 26-49 31-64 8-45

Depth (m): Mean 18.3 46.8 67.5 40.0 25.6 29.6 3.03* 0.0227 B2>A Depth (m): Range 0.9-79.6 32.0-66.8 61.0-74.1 36.3-43.9 3.0-73.5 3.35-61.3

\0 TOC (%): Mean 0.38 0.90ns 0.4938 tv 0.48 0.38 0.44 0.42 0.51 TOC (%): Range 0.22-0.55 0.21-0.76 0.36-0.4 0.26-0.56 0.22-0.58 0.32-0.66

Silt and Clay (%): Mean 2.65 3.74 6.42 3.96 2.69 5.95 3.25* 0.0167 No pairwise contrasts are significantly different Silt and Clay (%): Range 1.53-7.12 2.66-4.47 5.90-6.94 3.13-6.5 1.66-4.27 1.38-14.1

Medium Sand (%): Mean 43.35 22.39 27.47 25.33 31.41 9.95 5.07** 0.0014 A>D Medium Sand (%): Range 19.43-92.61 18.16-29.36 21.39-33.54 20.03-31.46 6.25-46.17 1.38-18.76

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ns =not significant. TABLE C.3. Sediment and Mollusk Conditions in Relation to lO-m Depth Ranges, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 Depth Range (m) Statistical Comparison 0.0-9.9 10.0-19.9 20.0-29.9 30.0-39.9 40.Q-49.9 50.0-59.9 60.0--69.9 70.0-79.9 F Ratio p Significant Differences

Code for Statistical Comparisons 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No. of Stations 11 7 2 8 3 3 3 3

No. of Individuals: Mean 173.36 177.57 241.50 316.75 238.33 159.33 445.33 529.33 3.16* 0.0119 No pairwisecontrasts are significantly different No. of Individuals: Range 56--544 102-245 168-315 65--631 30-477 36--347 369-553 321-798

No. ofTaxa: Mean 36.09 38.29 42.00 44.5 28.00 22.33 45.33 56.33 2.21ns 0.0595 No. ofTaxa: Range 12-61 21--60 31-53 26--55 12-38 8-42 40-55 43--64

Depth (m): Mean 5.3 15.2 21.6 35.5 44.2 53.8 63.0 75.7 \0 w Depth (m): Range 0.9-9.4 11.0-18.9 20.1-23.2 31.7-39.6 41.2-47.6 53.0-54.9 61.0--66.8 73.5-79.6

*p < 0.01, ns =not significant.

~·i' 5' )-;g~,3w!WZ:C

Appendix D. Taxon Abundance for Nonmollusks

TABLE D.l. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Nonmollusk Components (Excluding Crustaceans), Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 61 Through 69, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

POLYCHAETA Amphicorina sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphicteis gunneri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena mediterranea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Aonides sp. A 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Aphelochaeta marioni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aricidea catherinae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Armandia intermedia 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Asclerocheilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Augeneriella dubia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Axiothella quadrimaculata 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brania rhopalophora 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitella capitata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Capitella sp. A 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Capitellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. E 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Capitellidae sp. F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caulleriella acicula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caulleriella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ceratonereis tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cirratulidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cirratulus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dispio uncinata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dorvillea sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euchone sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eumida sanguinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eunice antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eunice vittata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euthalenessa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogone longicornis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Exogonesp.C 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogonesp.E 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 Fabricia sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flabelliderma sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycera tesselata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goniada emerita 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goniada maculata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Grubeosyllis mediodentata 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Harmothoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Hesionidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hesionidae sp. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hesionura australiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyboscolex sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hydroides crucigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jasmineira caudata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Laonice cirrata 1 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 0 97 i 11 TABLE D.l-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Laonome sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Linopherus microcephala 0 0 0 0 I 0 2 0 0 Lumbrineriopsis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lumbrineris latreilli 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 Lumbrineris tetraura I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lysidice ninetta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lysippe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Magelona sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malacoceros sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maldanidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Megalomma intermedium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sagittarius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Micropodarke sp. A 4 0 II 3 3 8 10 0 Microphthalmus aberrans 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Microphthalmus sczelkowii 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monticellina sp. A I 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele oculata 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele pygidialis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 Naineris sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Neanthes arenaceodentata 1 0 0 0 0 II 0 0 Nematonereis unicornis 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 Nereididae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nereis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 Nerilla antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 Notomastus tenuis I 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 Odontosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odontosyllis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Ophiodromus angustifrons I 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Ophiodromus sp. B 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophryotrocha sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 Paleanotus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Palola sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Paramphinome sp. A I 0 0 0 I 0 1 0 0 Paraonella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 Pholoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. B 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllodoce madeirensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 3 0 2 4 1 9 13 12 I Pionosyllis spinisetosa 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Pionosyllis weismanni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pisione remota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pisione sp. A 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 19 0 Pisionidens sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Plakosyllis quadrioculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

98 TABLE D.l-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Polycirrus plumosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polydora normalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 Prionospio cirrifera 10 0 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 Prionospio cirrobranchiata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Prionospio steenstrupi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Progoniada sp. A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protodorvillea biarticulata 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protodorvillea egena 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protodrilus sp. A 0 0 0 7 0 1 0 3 0 Pseudovermilia occidentalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 1 0 18 0 1 0 Questa sp. A 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Rhodine sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 22 0 1 0 1 0 Salmacina dysteri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Samythella sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Schistomeringos macilenta 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Schistomeringos rudolphi 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scolelepis victoriensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scolelepis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Serpulidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sigambra tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Sphaerosyllis riseri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 11 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 Sphaerosyllis sp. H 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Spio blakei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spio filicornis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spionidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiophanes bombyx 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Streptosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Syllides bansei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis acuminata 12 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 Synelmis albini 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trichobranchus glacialis 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Typosyllis aciculata orientalis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis cornuta 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Typosyllis microoculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Typosyllis variegata 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 Typosyllis sp. E 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Typosyllis sp. F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OLIOOCHAETA 90 0 0 3 12 6 2 0

NEMATODA 97 0 16 6 11 14 0 148 14

99 TABLE D.l-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

PLATYHELMINTHES 1 0 0 14 0 3 0 8 0

PORIFERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ECHINODERMATA Echinoidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Holothuroidea 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 2 0 Ophiuroidea 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

ANTHOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HYDROZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

KlNORHYNCHA Cyclorhagida sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Echinoderes sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

NEMERTEA 16 7 9 0 0 2 2 2

INSECTA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ARACHNIDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0

SIPUNCULA Apionsoma misakianum 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspidosiphon muelleri 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Sipuncula sp. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PRIAPULIDA 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHAETOGNATHA 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0

BRYOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HEMICHORDATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHORDATA Urochordata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Branchiostoma sp. A 11 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 Osteichthyes 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 302 33 112 58 60 122 223 19 Total No. of Taxa/Station 34 9 19 16 15 38 18 5

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. of Taxa Sampled

100 TABLE D.2. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Nonmollusk Components (Excluding Crustaceans), Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 70 Through 78, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

POLYCHAETA Amphicorina sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Amphicteis gunneri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Amphiglena mediterranea 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Amphiglena sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Amphiglena sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aonides sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Aphelochaeta marioni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aricidea catherinae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Armandia intermedia 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 Asclerocheilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Augeneriella dubia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Axiothella quadrimaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brania rhopalophora 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitella capitata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. F 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 Caulleriella acicula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caulleriella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ceratonereis tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Cirratulidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cirratulus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dispio uncinata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dorvillea sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euchone sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Eumida sanguinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eunice antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Eunice vittata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euthalenessa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogone longicornis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogone sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogonesp.E 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 Fabricia sp. A 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 Flabelliderma sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycera tesselata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goniada emerita 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goniada maculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grubeosyllis mediodentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Harmothoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hesionidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Hesionidae sp. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 Hesionura australiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyboscolex sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Hydroides crucigera 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Jasmineira caudata 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Laonice cirrata 1 0 1 3 0 3 1 0 0

101 TABLE D.2-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Laonome sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Linopherus microcephala 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Lumbrineriopsis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lumbrineris latreilli 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Lumbrineris tetraura 0 0 0 4 0 3 6 2 0 Lysidice ninetta 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Lysippe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Magelona sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malacoceros sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maldanidae sp. A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Megalomma intermedium 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sagittarius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micropodarke sp. A 4 1 0 3 0 13 2 4 0 Microphthalmus aberrans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Microphthalmus sczelkowii 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monticellina sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele oculata 0 0 0 1 0 2 12 13 1 Myriochele pygidialis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Naineris sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Neanthes arenaceodentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nematonereis unicornis 5 0 0 1 0 12 3 0 0 Nereididae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nereis sp. B 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nerilla antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notomastus tenuis 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Odontosyllis sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odontosyllis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 Ophiodromus angustifrons 2 0 1 I 0 3 2 3 2 Ophiodromus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophryotrocha sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paleanotus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Palola sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paramphinome sp. A 3 0 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 Paraonella sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 1 I 0 0 Pholoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. B 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllodoce madeirensis 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 11 2 9 21 0 7 5 9 9 Pionosyllis spinisetosa 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 1 Pionosyllis weismanni 0 0 0 2 0 3 I 0 0 Pisione remota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pisione sp. A 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 Pisionidens sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plakosyllis quadrioculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

102 TABLE D.2-Continued No.ofIndividuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Polycirrus plumosus 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Polydora normalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polyophthalmus pictus 1 0 0 3 0 4 7 0 1 Prionospio cirrifera 2 0 1 10 0 8 4 9 0 Prionospio cirrobranchiata 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 Prionospio steenstrupi 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 6 1 Progoniada sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Protodorvillea biarticulata 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 Protodorvillea egena 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Protodrilus sp. A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudovermilia occidentalis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Questa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rhodine sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salmacina dysteri 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Samythella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schistomeringos macilenta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schistomeringos rudolphi 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Scolelepis victoriensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Scolelepis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Serpulidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Sigambra tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sphaerosyllis riseri 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 Sphaerosyllis sp. H 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Spio blakei 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Spio filicornis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Spionidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiophanes bombyx 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Streptosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Syllides bansei 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis acuminata 0 0 1 3 0 5 5 13 1 Synelmis albini 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trichobranchus glacialis 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Typosyllis aciculata orientalis 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis cornuta 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis microoculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis variegata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis sp. E 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis sp. F 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

OLIGOCHAETA 28 4 4 21 0 16 83 29 18

NEMATODA 102 15 11 25 2 32 43 133

103 TABLE D.2-Continued No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

PLATYHELMINTIIES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

PORIFERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ECHINODERMATA Echinoidea 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Holothuroidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophiuroidea 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 5 0

ANTHOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HYDROZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

KINORHYNCHA Cyclorhagida sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Echinoderes sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NEMERTEA 17 15 2 14 0 16 8 8 5

INSECTA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ARACHNIDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SIPUNCULA Apionsoma misakianum 1 0 0 0 0 5 3 0 1 Aspidosiphon muelleri 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 Sipuncula sp. G 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. Q 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. R 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0

PRIAPULIDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0

CHAETOGNATIIA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BRYOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HEMICHORDATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHORDATA Urochordata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Branchiostoma sp. A 10 0 4 3 0 9 3 2 2 Osteichthyes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 225 46 37 140 2 194 231 266 54 Total No. of Taxa/Station 33 12 12 32 1 47 47 34 20

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. of Taxa Sampled

104 TABLE D.3. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Nonmollusk Components (Excluding Crustaceans), Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 79 Through 87, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

POLYCHAETA Amphicorina sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphicteis gunneri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena mediterranea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aonides sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Aphelochaeta marioni 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 Aricidea catherinae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Armandia intermedia 0 0 3 0 0 1 5 0 0 Asclerocheilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Augeneriella dubia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Axiothella quadrimaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brania rhopalophora 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitella capitata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 Capitellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caulleriella acicula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caulleriella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ceratonereis tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cirratulidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cirratulus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Dispio uncinata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dorvillea sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euchone sp. B 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Eumida sanguinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eunice antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eunice vittata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euthalenessa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogone longicornis 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Exogonesp.C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Exogonesp.E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Fabricia sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flabelliderma sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycera tesselata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goniada emerita 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goniada maculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grubeosyllis mediodentata 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 Harmothoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hesionidae sp. D 0 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 Hesionidae sp. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hesionura australiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyboscolex sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hydroides crucigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jasmineira caudata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Laonice cirrata 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

105 ~. TABLE D.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Laonome sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Linopherus microcephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lumbrineriopsis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Lumbrineris latreilli 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 Lumbrineris tetraura 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Lysidice ninetta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lysippe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Magelona sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malacoceros sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maldanidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Megalomma intermedium 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sagittarius 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micropodarke sp. A 0 0 0 8 0 12 0 13 1 Microphthalmus aberrans 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Microphthalmus sczelkowii 1 7 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 Monticellina sp. A 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele oculata 0 0 0 1 0 6 0 4 0 Myriochele pygidialis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Naineris sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Neanthes arenaceodentata 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nematonereis unicomis 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nereididae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nereis sp. B 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 NerUta antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notomastus tenuis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Odontosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odontosyllis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophiodromus angustifrons 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 5 1 Ophiodromus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophryotrocha sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paleanotus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Palola sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paramphinome sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 Paraonella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllodoce madeirensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 4 0 0 2 1 0 0 23 38 Pionosyllis spinisetosa 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 Pionosyllis weismanni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pisione remota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pisione sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Pisionidens sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plakosyllis quadrioculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

106 TABLE D.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Polycirrus plumosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polydora normalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Prionospio cirrifera 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 6 1 Prionospio cirrobranchiata 0 0 0 2 0 7 0 3 0 Prionospio steenstrupi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Progoniada sp. A 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Protodorvillea biarticulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 Protodorvillea egena 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protodrilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 Pseudovermilia occidentalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Questa caudicirra 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Questa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Rhodine sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salmacina dysteri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Samythella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Schistomeringos macilenta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schistomeringos rudolphi 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 Scolelepis victoriensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scolelepis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Serpulidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sigambra tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sphaerosyllis riseri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 I 3 0 0 0 0 8 6 Sphaerosyllis sp. H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spio blakei 0 0 3 0 0 0 6 1 1 Spio filicornis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Spiochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 Spionidae sp. D 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 Spiophanes bombyx 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Streptosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Syllides bansei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis acuminata 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 3 0 Synelmis albini 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Trichobranchus glacialis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis aciculata orientalis 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Typosyllis cornuta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis microoculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis variegata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis sp. E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis sp. F 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

OLIGOCHAETA 6 2 19 7 0 28 22 18 7

NEMATODA 12 12 32 22 128 28 110 109 37

107 TABLE D.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

PLATYHELMINTHES 0 0 0 3 3 4 0 5

PORIFERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ECHINODERMATA Echinoidea 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Holothuroidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophiuroidea 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0

ANTHOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0

HYDROZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

KlNORHYNCHA Cyclorhagida sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Echinoderes sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

NEMERTEA 16 2 2 0 8 0 11 9

INSECTA 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0

ARACHNIDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SIPUNCULA Apionsoma misakianum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Aspidosiphon muelleri 0 0 0 9 0 10 0 3 0 Sipuncula sp. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. I 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

PRIAPULIDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

CHAETOGNATHA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BRYOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HEMICHORDATA 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHORDATA Urochordata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Branchiostoma sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 21 1 Osteichthyes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 25 47 72 86 139 161 153 275 123 Total No. of Taxa/Station 6 11 12 27 5 32 11 37 21

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. of Taxa Sampled

108 TABLE D.4. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Nonmollusk Components (Excluding Crustaceans), Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 88 Through 96, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No.oflndividuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

POLYCHAETA Amphicorina sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphicteis gunneri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena mediterranea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amphiglena sp. B 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Aonides sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Aphelochaeta marioni 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Aricidea catherinae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 Armandia intermedia 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 Asclerocheilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Augeneriella dubia 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 11 0 Axiothella quadrimaculata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Brania rhopalophora 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Capitella capitata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitella sp. A 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 Capitellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capitellidae sp. F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caulleriella acicula 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Caulleriella sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Ceratonereis tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cirratulidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Cirratulus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dispio uncinata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dorvillea sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euchone sp. B 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 7 26 Eumida sanguinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eunice antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eunice vittata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Euthalenessa sp. A 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogone longicornis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Exogonesp.C 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Exogonesp.E 0 0 0 0 4 0 8 3 0 Fabricia sp. A 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 1 Flabelliderma sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycera tesselata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Goniada emerita 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Goniada maculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Grubeosyllis mediodentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Harmothoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Hesionidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hesionidae sp. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hesionura australiensis 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Hyboscolex sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hydroides crucigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jasmineira caudata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Laonice cirrata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

109 TABLE D.4-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Laonome sp. A a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Linopherus microcephala a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lumbrineriopsis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lumbrineris latreilli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 Lumbrineris tetraura a 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 6 Lysidice ninetta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lysippe sp. A 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 Magelona sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Malacoceros sp. A a 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Maldanidae sp. A a 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Megalomma intermedium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sagittarius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesochaetopterus sp. A a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Micropodarke sp. A a 0 0 0 28 0 11 16 10 Microphthalmus aberrans 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 Microphthalmus sczelkowii 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monticellina sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 Myriochele oculata 0 0 0 0 32 0 11 9 18 Myriochele pygidialis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myriochele sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Naineris sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Neanthes arenaceodentata 0 0 0 0 2 0 a 0 0 Nematonereis unicornis 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Nereididae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nereis sp. B a 0 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 Nerilla antennata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notomastus tenuis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odontosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odontosyllis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Ophiodromus angustifrons 0 0 2 a 0 1 2 5 6 Ophiodromus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophryotrocha sp. B a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 Paleanotus sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Palola sp. A a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 Paramphinome sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 Paraonella sp. A 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Pholoe sp. B a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholoe sp. C a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllochaetopterus sp. B 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 Phyllodoce madeirensis 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 0 1 13 2 29 9 11 6 10 Pionosyllis spinisetosa 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Pionosyllis weismanni a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pisione remota a 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Pisione sp. A a 0 0 0 5 0 0 a 0 Pisionidens sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plakosyllis quadrioculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

110 TABLE D.4--Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Polycirrus plumosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polydora normalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 0 0 8 0 3 0 1 Prionospio cirrifera 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 4 10 Prionospio cirrobranchiata 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 0 6 Prionospio steenstrupi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 Progoniada sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Protodorvillea biarticulata 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Protodorvillea egena 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Protodrilus sp. A 0 1 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 Pseudovermilia occidentalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 Questa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rhodine sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salmacina dysteri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 Samythella sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Schistomeringos macilenta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schistomeringos rudolphi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scolelepis victoriensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scolelepis sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Serpulidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sigambra tentaculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Sphaerosyllis riseri 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 2 6 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 0 1 0 36 2 3 1 11 Sphaerosyllis sp. H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spio blakei 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 Spio filicomis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spionidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiophanes bombyx 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Streptosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Syllides bansei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis acuminata 0 0 1 0 24 0 0 53 13 Synelmis albini 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synelmis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trichobranchus glacialis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis aciculata orientalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis cornuta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis microoculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis variegata 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 Typosyllis sp. E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typosyllis sp. F 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ) i I I OLIGOCHAETA 0 0 12 0 7 0 2 14 18 "I 1 NEMATODA 4 61 61 50 162 20 97 76 178 ~ & b ~

~ 111 ~ I;' r·' " ''.! ~ TABLE D.4--Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

PLATYHELMINTHES 0 0 0 2 0 0

PORIFERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ECHINODERMATA Echinoidea 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Holothuroidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ophiuroidea 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 0

ANTHOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 13

HYDROZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

KINORHYNCHA Cyclorhagida sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Echinoderes sp. A 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 4 21

NEMERTEA 0 4 6 4 9 2 11 13

INSECTA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ARACHNIDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SIPUNCULA Apionsoma misakianum 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Aspidosiphon muelleri 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 7 Sipuncula sp. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sipuncula sp. Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Sipuncula sp. R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

PRIAPULIDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

CHAETOGNATHA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BRYOZOA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HEMICHORDATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHORDATA Urochordata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Branchiostoma sp. A 0 0 0 0 40 0 I 13 8 Osteichthyes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 4 71 103 62 483 38 178 283 420 Total No. of Taxa/Station 1 7 12 8 51 9 28 41 40

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. ofTaxa Sampled

112 TABLE D.5. Taxon Abundance from Four Stations for Nonmollusk Components (Excluding Crustaceans), Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 97 Through 100 and Regional Total, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No.oflndividuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

POLYCHAETA Amphicorina sp. B 0 0 0 1 2 Amphicteis gunneri 0 0 0 0 1 Amphiglena mediterranea 0 0 0 0 2 Amphiglena sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Amphiglena sp. B 0 0 0 0 3 Aonides sp. A 0 0 0 0 11 Aphelochaeta marioni 0 0 0 0 4 Aricidea catherinae 0 0 0 0 4 Armandia intermedia 1 0 1 0 26 Asclerocheilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Augeneriella dubia 0 0 0 0 19 Axiothella quadrimaculata 0 0 0 0 2 Brania rhopalophora 0 0 0 0 2 Capitella capitata 0 0 0 0 1 Capitella sp. A 0 0 6 0 30 Capitellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 1 Capitellidae sp. E 0 0 0 0 1 Capitellidae sp. F 0 0 0 0 3 Caulleriella acicula 0 0 0 0 1 Caulleriella sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Ceratonereis tentaculata 0 0 0 0 3 Cirratulidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 2 Cirratulus sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Dispio uncinata 0 1 0 0 1 Dorvillea sp. B 1 0 0 0 1 Euchone sp. B 2 0 8 0 48 Eumida sanguinea 0 0 1 0 1 Eunice antennata 0 0 0 0 2 Eunice vittata 0 0 0 0 1 Euthalenessa sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Exogone longicornis 0 0 0 0 3 Exogonesp.C 0 0 1 1 8 Exogone sp. E 0 0 9 0 41 Fabricia sp. A 0 0 0 0 16 Flabelliderma sp. A 0 0 1 0 2 Glycera tesselata 0 0 0 0 1 Goniada emerita 0 0 0 0 2 Goniada maculata 0 0 0 0 2 Grubeosyllis mediodentata 0 0 0 0 9 Harmothoe sp. A 0 0 1 0 6 Hesionidae sp. D 0 0 0 1 10 Hesionidae sp. G 0 0 7 0 8 Hesionura australiensis 0 0 0 0 1 Hyboscolex sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Hydroides crucigera 0 0 0 0 1

113 TABLE D.5-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

Jasmineira caudata 0 0 0 0 1 Laonice cirrata 0 0 0 0 21 Laonome sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 Linopherus microcephala 0 0 0 0 9 Lumbrineriopsis sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Lumbrineris latreilli 1 0 0 1 25 Lumbrineris tetraura 2 0 1 1 33 Lysidice ninetta 0 0 0 0 2 Lysippe sp. A 0 0 0 0 4 Magelona sp. A 1 1 0 0 3 Malacoceros sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Maldanidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Megalomma intermedium 1 0 0 0 6 Mesochaetopterus sagittarius 0 0 0 0 2 Mesochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Micropodarke sp. A 1 0 3 0 160 Microphthalmus aberrans 0 0 0 0 4 Microphthalmus sczelkowii 0 0 0 0 19 Monticellina sp. A 0 0 0 1 6 Myriochele oculata 2 0 7 9 133 Myriochele pygidialis 0 0 0 0 1 Myriochele sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Naineris sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Neanthes arenaceodentata 0 0 0 0 6 Nematonereis unicornis 0 0 0 0 36 Nereididae sp. A 0 0 2 0 2 Nereis sp. B 1 0 0 0 18 Nerilla antennata 0 0 0 0 1 Notomastus tenuis 1 0 1 2 13 Odontosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Odonrosyllis sp. B 0 0 0 0 6 Ophiodromus angustifrons 2 0 2 0 54 Ophiodromus sp. B 0 0 0 0 3 Ophryotrocha sp. B 0 0 0 0 1 Paleanotus sp. B 0 0 0 0 1 Palola sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Paramphinome sp. A 0 0 0 0 25 Paraonella sp. A 0 0 0 0 11 Pholoe sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Pholoe sp. B 0 0 2 0 5 Pholoe sp. C 0 0 0 0 1 Phyllochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 ·0 1 Phyllochaetopterus sp. B 0 0 0 0 1 Phyllodoce madeirensis 0 0 0 0 6 Pionosyllis heterocirrata 0 0 2 2 271 Pionosyllis spinisetosa 0 0 0 0 16 Pionosyllis weismanni 0 0 0 0 6 Pisione remota 0 0 0 0 2 Pisione sp. A 0 0 0 0 47

114 TABLE D.S-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

Pisionidens sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Plakosyllis quadrioculata 0 0 0 0 1 Polycirrus plumosus 0 0 1 0 2 Polydora normalis 0 0 0 0 2 Polyophthalmus pictus 0 0 7 0 42 Prionospio cirrifera 2 0 1 1 88 Prionospio cirrobranchiata 0 0 0 0 36 Prionospio steenstrupi 1 0 6 0 26 Progoniada sp. A 0 0 0 1 9 Protodorvillea biarticulata 0 0 0 0 15 Protodorvillea egena 0 0 4 0 11 Protodrilus sp. A 0 0 0 0 28 Pseudovermilia occidentalis 0 0 0 0 1 Questa caudicirra 0 0 0 0 31 Questa sp. A 0 1 0 0 6 Rhodine sp. A 0 0 0 0 5 Saccocirrus sp. A 0 0 0 0 24 Salmacina dysteri 0 0 0 0 17 Samythella sp. A 0 0 0 0 5 Schistomeringos macilenta 0 0 0 0 1 Schistomeringos rudolphi 1 0 0 0 8 Scolelepis victoriensis 0 0 0 0 1 Scolelepis sp. B 0 0 0 0 2 Scyphoproctus djiboutiensis 0 0 0 0 5 Serpulidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Sigambra tentaculata 0 0 1 0 3 Sphaerosyllis riseri 0 0 1 0 18 Sphaerosyllis sp. G 0 0 8 0 106 Sphaerosyllissp.H 0 0 0 0 2 Spio blakei 0 0 1 0 17 Spio filicornis 0 0 0 0 1 Spiochaetopterus sp. A 0 0 0 0 9 Spionidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 3 Spiophanes bombyx 0 0 0 0 1 Streptosyllis sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Syllides bansei 0 0 0 0 1 Synelmis acuminata 7 0 9 2 163 Synelmis albini 0 0 0 0 4 Synelmis sp. A 0 0 0 0 4 Trichobranchus glacialis 0 0 0 0 7 Typosyllis aciculata orientalis 0 0 0 0 6 Typosyllis cornuta 0 0 0 0 2 Typosyllis microoculata 0 0 0 0 1 Typosyllis variegata 0 0 0 0 10 Typosyllis sp. E 0 0 0 0 2 Typosyllis sp. F 0 0 0 0 5

OLIGOCHAETA 2 0 61 15 557

115 TABLE D.S-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

NEMATODA I3 0 195 14 2,091

PLATYHELMINTHES 0 0 0 51 PORIFERA 0 0 0 0 1 ECHINODERMATA Echinoidea 0 2 0 0 7 Holothuroidea 0 0 0 0 11 Ophiuroidea 0 0 0 0 19

ANTHOZOA 0 0 0 0 19

HYDROZOA 0 0 0 0 4 KINORHYNCHA CycIorhagida sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Echinoderes sp. A 0 0 0 0 34 NEMERTEA 6 4 18 6 257

INSECTA 0 0 8

ARACHNIDA 0 0 0 0 9 SIPUNCULA Apionsoma misakianum 0 0 0 0 I3 Aspidosiphon muelleri 5 0 1 8 62 Sipuncula sp. G 0 0 0 0 1 Sipuncula sp. I 0 0 0 0 1 Sipuncula sp. Q 0 0 0 0 4 Sipuncula sp. R 0 0 0 0 8

PRIAPULIDA 0 0 4 0 30

CHAETOGNATHA 0 0 0 0 4

BRYOZOA 0 0 0 0 2 HEMICHORDATA 0 0 0 0 4

CHORDATA Urochordata 0 0 0 0 2 Branchiostoma sp. A 2 0 I 3 154 Osteichthyes 0 0 0 0 1

Total No. of Individuals/Station 56 9 375 70 Total No. of Taxa/Station 22 5 34 18

Total No. of Individuals Sampled 510 5,358 Total No. ofTaxa Sampled 48 167

116 TABLE D.6. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Crustacean Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 61 Through 69, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

ACARI Halacaridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PYCNOGONIDA Anoplodactylus projectus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clotenopsis (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

COPEPODA 30 0 3 14 0 3 14 66 0

OSTRACODA-MYODOCOPIDA Myodocope sp. A 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Myodocope sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sarsiella janiceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OSTRACODA-PODOCOPIDA Bairdia hanaumaensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bairdia kauaiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Cytherelloidea cf. monodenticulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Mutilus cf. oahuensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

CUMACEA 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0

TANAIDACEA Apseudes tropicalis 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Leptochelia dubia 2 0 0 0 3 0 6 0 0 Leptochelia sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Tanaissus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ISOPODA Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Apanthura inornata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Cryptoniscus form 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 "Dynamenella" (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyssuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Janira algicola 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Jaeropsis hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Metacirolana sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Microcharon sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Munna acarina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paranthura ostergaardi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA-CAPRELLIDEA Caprella scaura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caprella equilibra 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA-GAMMARIDEA Amphilochidae sp(p). 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Atylus nani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bemlos macromanus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

117 TABLE D.6-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Elasmopus piikoi 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Ericthonius brasiliensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eriopisa laakona Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eriopisella sechellensis 10 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 Gammaropsis atlantica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ischyrocerus oahu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kanaloa manoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Konatopus paao 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Leucothoe hyhelia 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Maera cf. hamigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 Paramoera (7) sp. A 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 Paraphoxus sp. A 5 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Photis kapapa 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Podocerus talegus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seba ekepuu 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0

DECAPODA-NATANTIA Alpheus leptochirus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Alpheus paracrinitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Leptochela hawaiiensis 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nikoides danae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pontophilus cf. sculptus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Processa aequimana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Processa hawaiiensis 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ogyprides sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salmoneus mauiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

DECAPODA-ANOMURA Callianasa articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pagurid sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-BRACHYURA Actumunus (7) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Chlorinoides goldsboroughi (7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethusa (7) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Micippa (7) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nucia (7) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Thalamita sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tlos sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 77 2 3 14 11 3 75 94 22 Total No. of Taxa/Station 13 1 1 1 7 1 29 5 1

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. of Taxa Sampled

118 TABLE D.7. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Crustacean Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 70 Through 78, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

ACARI Halacaridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PYCNOGONIDA Anoplodactylus projectus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clotenopsis (?) sp. A 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

COPEPODA 12 0 0 3 0 2 26 8

OSTRACODA-MYODOCOPIDA Myodocope sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myodocope sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 Sarsiella janiceae 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

OSTRACODA-PODOCOPIDA Bairdia hanaumaensis 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Bairdia kauaiensis 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cytherelloidea cf. monodenticulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mutilus cf. oahuensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CUMACEA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TANAIDACEA Apseudes tropicalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptochelia dubia 4 0 0 3 0 11 2 108 0 Leptochelia sp. A 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Tanaissus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ISOPODA Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 Apanthura inornata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cryptoniscus form 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Dynamenella" (?) sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyssuridae sp. A 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Janira algicola 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jaeropsis hawaiiensis 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metacirolana sp. A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Microcharon sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Munna acarina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 Paranthura ostergaardi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

AMPHIPODA-CAPRELLIDEA Caprella scaura 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caprella equilibra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA-GAMMARIDEA Amphilochidae sp(p). 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 I Atylus nani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~" Bemlos macromanus 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 3 0 ! ~ .1 ~ 119 Ii ~ ;0 .." ~ TABLE D.7-Continued No.ofIndividuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Elasmopus piikoi 2 0 1 0 0 9 0 0 0 Ericthonius brasiliensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eriopisa laakona Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Eriopisella sechellensis 26 0 2 43 0 30 6 18 12 Gammaropsis atlantica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lschyrocerus oahu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Kanaloa manoa 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 Konatopus paao 2 0 0 3 0 3 7 4 0 Leucothoe hyhelia 2 0 3 1 0 3 1 0 0 Maera cf. hamigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Melita appendiculata 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 Paraphoxus sp. A 1 0 1 0 0 3 5 0 0 Photis kapapa 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 Podocerus talegus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seba ekepuu 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

DECAPODA-NATANTIA Alpheus leptochirus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alpheus paracrinitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptochela hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Nikoides danae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pontophilus cf. sculptus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Processa aequimana 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Processa hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ogyprides sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salmoneus mauiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-ANOMURA Callianasa articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pagurid sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

DECAPODA-BRACHYURA Actumunus (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chlorinoides goldsboroughi (?) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethusa (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micippa (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nucia (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Thalamita sp. A 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Tlos sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 67 9 61 7 72 28 215 25 Total No. ofTaxa/Station 17 6 12 I 15 11 15 3

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. ofTaxa Sampled

120 TABLE D.8. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Crustacean Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 79 Through 87, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

ACARI Halacaridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PYCNOGONIDA Anoplodactylus projectus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clotenopsis (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

COPEPODA 6 3 20 2 7 12 15

OSTRACODA-MYODOCOPIDA Myodocope sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 Myodocope sp. D 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Sarsiella janiceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OSTRACODA-PODOCOPIDA Bairdia hanaumaensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bairdia kauaiensis 0 0 0 4 0 4 0 1 0 Cytherelloidea cf. monodenticulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mutilus cf. oahuensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

CUMACEA 0 0 1 0 0 2 7 0 0

TANAIDACEA Apseudes tropicalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptochelia dubia 0 0 7 8 2 3 0 1 0 Leptochelia sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Tanaissus sp. A 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0

ISOPODA Anthuridae sp. A Apanthura inornata 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 Cryptoniscus form 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Dynamenella" (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyssuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Janira algicola 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jaeropsis hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Metacirolana sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Microcharon sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Munna acarina 0 0 0 1 0 7 33 0 4 Paranthura ostergaardi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA-CAPRELLIDEA Caprella scaura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caprella equilibra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA-GAMMARIDEA Amphilochidae sp(p). 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atylus nani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Bemlos macromanus 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0

121 TABLE D.8-Continued No.ofIndividuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Elasmopus piikoi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ericthonius brasiliensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eriopisa laakona Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eriopisella sechellensis 0 1 0 9 0 10 0 10 0 Gammaropsis atlantica 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ischyrocerus oahu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kanaloa manoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Konatopus paao 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Leucothoe hyhelia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Maera cf. hamigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Paraphoxus sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Photis kapapa 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Podocerus talegus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seba ekepuu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-NATANTIA Alpheus leptochirus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alpheus paracrinitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptochela hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nikoides danae 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pontophilus cf. sculptus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Processa aequimana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Processa hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ogyprides sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salmoneus mauiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-ANOMURA Callianasa articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pagurid sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-BRACHYURA Actumunus (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chlorinoides goldsboroughi (?) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethusa (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micippa (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nucia (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thalamita sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tlos sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 7 5 12 35 26 36 52 28 21 Total No. of Taxa/Station 2 3 5 12 4 11 7 7 3

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. of Taxa Sampled

122 TABLE D.9. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Crustacean Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 88 Through 96, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

ACARI Halacaridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PYCNOGONIDA Anoplodactylus projectus 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Clotenopsis (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

COPEPODA 11 12 13 39 5 13 23 32

OSTRACODA-MYODOCOPIDA Myodocope sp. A 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 6 I Myodocope sp. B 0 0 3 16 0 3 0 0 0 Myodocope sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 II Sarsiella janiceae 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0

OSTRACODA-PODOCOPIDA Bairdia hanaumaensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bairdia kauaiensis 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 2 Cytherelloidea cf. monodenticulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mutilus cf. oahuensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1

CUMACEA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24

TANAIDACEA Apseudes tropicalis 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Leptochelia dubia 0 0 0 0 61 0 0 48 27 Leptochelia sp. A 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 3 5 Tanaissus sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 8 11

ISOPODA Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Apanthura inornata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 Cryptoniscus form 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Dynamenella" (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyssuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Janira algicola 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jaeropsis hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metacirolana sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Microcharon sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 Munna acarina 0 1 0 0 0 0 I 0 25 Paranthura ostergaardi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA-CAPRELLIDEA Caprella scaura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 Caprella equilibra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA-GAMMARIDEA Amphilochidae sp(p). 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Atylus nani 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bemlos macromanus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

~ I. 123 ~ W ~ I TABLE D.9-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Elasmopus piikoi 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Ericthonius brasiliensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eriopisa laakona Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 Eriopisella sechellensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 9 Gammaropsis atlantica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ischyrocerus oahu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kanaloa manoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Konatopus paao 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 5 Leucothoe hyhelia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maera cf. hamigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paraphoxus sp. A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Photis kapapa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Podocerus talegus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seba ekepuu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-NATANTIA Alpheus leptochirus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alpheus paracrinitus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptochela hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nikoides danae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Pontophilus cf. sculptus 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 Processa aequimana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Processa hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ogyprides sp. A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salmoneus mauiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-ANOMURA Callianasa articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pagurid sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DECAPODA-BRACHYURA Actumunus (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chlorinoides goldsboroughi (?) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Ethusa (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micippa (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nucia (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thalamita sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tlos sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 12 19 32 III 8 37 153 149 Total No. of Taxa/Station 2 6 4 7 2 10 16 15

Total No. of Individuals Sampled Total No. of Taxa Sampled

124 TABLE D.lO. Taxon Abundance from Four Stations for Crustacean Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 97 Through 100 and Regional Total, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

ACARI Halacaridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 2

PYCNOGONIDA Anoplodactylus projectus 0 0 0 0 I Clotenopsis (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 2

COPEPODA 0 87 5 490

OSTRACODA-MYODOCOPIDA Myodocope sp. A 1 0 0 0 36 Myodocope sp. B 0 0 0 1 29 Myodocope sp. D 1 0 0 0 9 Sarsiella janiceae 0 0 0 0 3 OSTRACODA-PODOCOPIDA Bairdia hanaumaensis 0 0 0 0 3 Bairdia kauaiensis 0 0 0 0 21 Cytherelloidea cf. monodenticulata 0 0 0 0 2 Mutilus cf. oahuensis 0 0 1 0 6

CUMACEA 0 10 0 49

TANAIDACEA Apseudes tropicalis 0 0 0 0 2 Leptochelia dubia 0 0 26 0 322 Leptochelia sp. A 0 0 1 0 19 Tanaissus sp. A 27

ISOPODA Anthuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 29 Apanthura inornata 0 0 0 1 10 Cryptoniscus form 0 0 0 0 1 "Dynamenella" (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Hyssuridae sp. A 0 0 0 0 5 Janira algicola 0 0 5 0 9 Jaeropsis hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 7 Metacirolana sp. A 0 0 0 0 4 Microcharon sp. A 0 0 0 0 10 Munna acarina 2 0 9 0 91 Paranthura ostergaardi 0 0 0 0 1

AMPHIPODA-CAPRELLIDEA Caprella scaura 0 0 0 0 3 Caprella equilibra 0 0 0 0 1

AMPHIPODA-GAMMARIDEA Amphilochidae sp(p). 0 0 0 0 6 Atylus nani 0 0 0 0 3

125 TABLE D.1O-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

Bemlos macromanus 0 0 0 0 11 Elasmopus piikoi 0 0 0 0 20 Ericthonius brasiliensis 0 0 0 0 1 Eriopisa laakona Eriopisa sp. A 0 0 0 0 13 Eriopisella sechellensis 3 0 4 0 242 Gammaropsis atlantica 0 0 0 0 1 Ischyrocerus oahu 0 0 0 0 1 Kanaloa manoa 0 0 0 0 7 Konatopus paao I 0 0 0 35 Leucothoe hyhelia 0 0 0 0 16 Maera cf. hamigera 0 0 0 0 4 Melita appendiculata 0 0 0 0 16 Paramoera (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 56 Paraphoxus sp. A 0 0 0 0 19 Photis kapapa 0 0 2 0 14 Podocerus talegus 0 0 1 0 1 Seba ekepuu 0 0 0 0 4

DECAPODA-NATANTIA Alpheus leptochirus 0 0 0 0 1 Alpheus paracrinitus 0 0 0 0 1 Leptochela hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 3 Nikoides danae 0 0 0 0 3 Pontophilus cf. sculptus 0 0 0 0 1 Processa aequimana 0 0 0 0 1 Processa hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 1 Ogyprides sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Salmoneus mauiensis 0 0 0 0 1

DECAPODA-ANOMURA Callianasa articulata 0 0 1 0 1 Pagurid sp. A 0 0 0 0 3

DECAPODA-BRACHYURA Actumunus (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Chlorinoides goldsboroughi (?) 0 0 0 0 1 Ethusa (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Micippa (?) sp. A 0 0 I 0 1 Nucia (?) sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Thalamita sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 Tlos sp. A 0 0 0 0 2

Total No. of Individuals/Station 10 0 148 7 Total No. of Taxa/Station 7 0 12 3

Total No. of Individuals Sampled 1,694 Total No. of Taxa Sampled 67

126 Appendix E. Taxon Abundance for Mollusks

) I I I

i~ j

TABLE E.l. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Mollusk Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 61 Through 69, O'abu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

BIVALVIA Acar sp. cf. A. plicata a a a a a a a a a Arca kauaia a a a a a a a a a Arca sp. a a a a a a a 1 a Barbatia nuttingi 1 a a a a a a a a Barbatia sp. a a 6 1 a 1 a a 1 Brachiodontes crebristriatus a 5 11 3 a 3 a 2 7 Cardita thaanumi a a a 2 a 1 a a a Carditella hawaiensis a a a 1 a 2 2 a a Chlamydella sp. A a a a a a 1 a a a Chlamys sp. a a 1 1 a a a 0 a Cosa waikikia a a a 0 a a a 0 a Crenella sp. a I a 1 a 0 a 0 a Ctena bella a a a a a a a 0 a Ctena transversa a a a a a a a a a Ctena sp. a a a a a a a 0 a Epicodakia sp. cf. pygmea a a a a a a a a a Epicodakia sp. a a a 0 0 a 0 0 0 Ervilia bisculpta 0 a 8 0 5 0 0 0 0 Euciroa pacifica a a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Fragum mundum 1 1 6 1 1 0 1 1 3 Kellia hawaiensis 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 7 Kellia rosea 0 0 a 0 a a a 0 1 Kona symmetrica 0 0 2 0 a 1 2 0 a Limopsis sp. a 0 a 0 2 0 0 0 a Mactra sp. a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Malleus regula a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malleus sp. A a a 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mytilidae sp. 1 a a 0 1 1 1 0 0 Nucula hawaiensis 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 a 0 Ostrea sp. 0 0 1 5 a a a 0 1 Pillucina hawaiiensis 0 a 0 0 a a 0 0 0 Pillucina sp. a a 0 0 a 1 1 0 0 Pinna sp.a + a frag 0 frag + 0 a 0 0 Rochefortina sandwichensis 2 a 2 0 0 1 2 2 0 Semelangulus crebrimaculatus a 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Tellina sp. D a a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Tellina sp. 0 a 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 Bivalvia sp. 8 a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0

GASTROPODA Acteocina hawaiensis 1 a 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Acteocina sandwicensis a a 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Acteocina sp. A a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a Acteocina sp. 0 0 0 0 1 a 0 0 0 Alcyna ocellata 3 a 0 0 12 8 0 1 a Alcyna subangulata a a 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 Alvania isolata a 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0

129 TABLE E.I-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Antisabia foliacea 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspella sp. 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Atys debilis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atys semistriata 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Atys sp. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Balcis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 Barleeia calcarea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Benthonella sp. 2 0 4 1 15 0 0 0 0 Berthelinia pseudochloris 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bittium impendens 0 1 1 0 2 3 1 15 2 Bittium sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brookula iki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bulla vernicosa 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bullina scabra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum arcuatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum cf. glabella 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Caecum cf. glabriformis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum sepimentum 0 6 7 0 24 3 11 4 6 Caecum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cancilla granatina 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Cantharus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Carinapex minutissima 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 0 Carinapex papillosa 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 Cassis sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cephalaspidea sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cephalaspidea sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithidium diplax 1 3 21 0 11 8 8 2 2 Cerithidium perparvulum 3 0 20 0 120 10 61 2 12 Cerithiopsis sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithiopsis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 Cerithium atromarginatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium columna 2 3 1 a 0 0 0 3 0 Cerithium echinatum 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium egenum 0 a a a 0 a 0 0 0 Cerithium interstriatum 0 0 0 0 6 0 11 2 1 Cerithium morus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium nesioticum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Cerithium placidum a a 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 Cerithium rostratum 0 0 a a 5 0 0 0 a Cerithium zebrum a a 1 a 1 0 3 0 1 Cerithium sp. 0 0 0 0 1 0 a 0 0 Ceritoturris bittium a a a a 1 0 0 0 0 Circulus sp. 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clavus sp. cf. powelli 0 0 1 2 0 0 a 0 0 Clavus sp. 0 0 a a 0 0 0 1 a Collonista candida 1 a a a 0 1 0 0 3 Coralliophila sp. a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a Crepidula aculeata a a 2 0 0 0 0 0 1

130 TABLE E.1-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Cycloscala hyalina a a a a a a a a a Cyclostremiscus emeryi 3 12 6 a 1 a a a 5 Cyclostremiscus striatus a 1 a 2 a a a a a Cyclostremiscus sp. A a a a a 1 a a a a Cylichna pusilla a a a a a 1 a a a Cystiscus huna a a a a a a a a a Daphnellinae sp. a a a a a 1 1 a a Diala scopulorum 2 4 6 a 31 a a a a Diala semistriata 1 2 8 a 46 7 15 4 1 Diala sp. a a a a a a a a a Diniatys dentifer a a a a 1 a a a a Diodora granifera a a a a a 1 a a a Eatoniella janetaylorae a a a a 0 a a a a Eatoniella pigmenta a a a a a 1 a a a Eatoniella sp. 2 a a a a a a a a Elachisina robertsoni a a a a a a a a a Emarginula dilecta a a 0 a a a a a a Epitonium sp. A a a a a a a a a a Epitonium spp. a a a a a a a a a Etrema acricula a a a a a a a a a Euchelus gemmatus a a a a a 4 2 a a Euchelus sp. 1 a a a a a 1 1 1 Eucithara sp. a a a a a a a a a Eucyclotoma albomacula a a a a a a a a a Eulimidae sp. a a a a a a a a a Finella pupoides a a a 0 a a a a a Gemmula monilifera a a a I a a a a a Gibbula marmorea a 2 a a a a a a a Granula sandwicensis a a a a a a a a a Granulina vitrea a a a 2 a 5 2 1 a Granulina sp. a I a a a a a a a Heliacus implexus a a a a a a I a a Heliacus sp. a a a a a 0 a a a Herviera gliriella a a 2 a 1 I 4 II Herviera patricia a a a 1 a a a a a Hinemoa indica a a a a a 1 a I a Hipponix australis a a a a a a a a a Hipponix imbricatus a a a a a a a 1 a Hipponix pilosus a a a 2 a a a a a Hipponix sp. a a 2 a a a a a a Imbricaria conovula a a a 0 a a a a a Imbricaria olivaeformis a a a a 0 a a a a Ittibittium parcum 5 6 17 a a 5 4 a 10 Julia exquisita a a 1 a a 1 2 5 2 Kermia brunnea a a a a a a a 1 a Koloonella hawaiiensis a a a a a a a a a Koloonella sp. a a a a 2 a I I a Leptothyra rubricincta a 1 3 a a 5 a a I Leptothyra verruca a a 4 1 a 4 I 1 a

% 131 ~ <'l ~ I TABLE E.l-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Leptothyra sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lienardia apiculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lophocochlias minutissimus 1 0 14 0 29 5 0 2 0 Lophocochlias sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 0 Lophocochlias sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina granulosa 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 Merelina hewa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina wanawana 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Merelina sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metaxia albicephala 0 0 3 1 18 0 0 0 0 Metaxia brunnicephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metaxia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Microdaphne trichodes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Miralda paulbartschi 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 Miralda scopulorum 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Miralda sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mitrella loyaltensis 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 Mitrolumna metula 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Nassarius crematus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Natica gualteriana 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 Natica sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nesiodostomia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia gulicki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia oxia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Odostomia steamsiella 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia sp. A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia sp. 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 Omalogyra japonica 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Omalogyra sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Opalia attenuata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orbitestella regina 5 4 9 1 3 0 1 0 7 Orbitestella sp. B 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Orbitestella sp. 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Parashiela beetsi 1 1 4 2 18 6 16 2 3 Peristemia chlorostoma 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Phenacolepas scobinata 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 Philippia oxytropis 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Philippia radiata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Planaxis suturalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Planaxis sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plesiotrochus luteus 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 Powellsetia fallax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudodaphnella pulchella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pupapudica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pupa tessellata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pupa sp. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pusillina marmorata 4 4 15 1 47 20 30 4 6 Pyramidella sulcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Pyramidella sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

132 TABLE E.I-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Pyramidella sp. C 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 Pyramidella sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PyramideIlidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 PyramideIlidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides gracilis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides miranda 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides suta 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Pyrgulina oodes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrgulina sp. 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Rastodens sp. 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 Rhinoclavis articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella confusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella longispira 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella sp. 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 Rissoina ambigua 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 12 0 Rissoina cerithiiformis 0 0 2 0 2 3 5 42 1 Rissoina costata 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina imbricata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina pulchella 0 0 0 0 21 1 18 0 0 Rufodardanula ponderi 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 2 Rufodardanula sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sansonia kenneyi 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 Sansonia sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scalenostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sealiola spp. 2 1 7 0 53 1 11 0 0 Schwartziella ephamilla 0 0 3 0 11 0 12 3 1 Schwartziella triticea 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Scissurella coronata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scissurella pseudoequatoria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scissurella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seminella peasei 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Seminella smithi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sinezona insignis 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 Smaragdia bryanae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stilifer sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stosicia hiloense 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Strebloceras subannulatum 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 Strombus helli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Strombus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Styliferina goniochila 0 1 1 0 3 1 4 1 0 Subcancilla foveolata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synaptocochlea concinna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teinostoma sp. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tricolia variabilis 5 19 61 2 13 31 17 4 41 Triphora spp. 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 1 0 Trochus intextus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Tugali oblongata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbo sandwicensis 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0

133 ~ TABLE E.I-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Turbonilla comelliana 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla lirata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. B 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. C 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turridae sp. 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Umbraculum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vanikoro sp. 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Veprecula brunonia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vermetidae sp. 1 6 8 0 0 0 1 1 10 Vexillum diutenera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vexillum interruptum 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Vexillum sp. A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola bayani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola sp. 0 0 I 2 0 1 0 1 0 Volvarina jusiformis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Volvarina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Williamia radiata 1 0 1 0 3 0 3 0 0 Zebina bidentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zebina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda sp. A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SCAPHOPODA Scaphopoda sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

POLYPLACOPHORA Polyplacophora sp. 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 65 92 321 56 553 203 286 156 155 Total No. of Individuals/cm3 4.3 6.1 21.4 3.7 36.9 13.5 19.1 10.4 10.3 Total No. of Taxa 31 29 63 35 56 60 50 45 37 aPinna are indicated by a "+" for larval shells and by "frag" for shell fragments.

134 TABLE E.2. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Mollusk Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 70 Through 78, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

BIVALVIA Acar sp. cf. A. plicata 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arca kauaia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arca sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Barbatia nuttingi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Barbatia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brachiodontes crebristriatus 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Cardita thaanumi 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Carditella hawaiensis 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 6 Chlamydella sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chlamys sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cosa waikikia 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 Crenella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctena bella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctena transversa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctena sp. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Epicodakia sp. cf. pygmea 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Epicodakia sp. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ervilia bisculpta 0 0 0 8 0 3 4 1 1 Euciroa pacifica 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 Fragum mundum 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kellia hawaiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kellia rosea 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kona symmetrica 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Limopsis sp. 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Mactra sp. 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 6 1 Malleus regula 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malleus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Mytilidae sp. 0 0 3 I 0 1 1 1 1 Nucula hawaiensis 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ostrea sp. 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pillucina hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Pillucina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pinna sp.a 0 0 + ++ 0 + 0 + frag + Rochefortina sandwichensis 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Semelangulus crebrimaculatus 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tellina sp. D 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 I 0 Tellina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bivalvia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

GASTROPODA Acteocina hawaiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Acteocina sandwicensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Acteocina sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Acteocina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Alcyna ocellata 2 0 15 2 0 7 0 I 1 Alcyna subangulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alvania isolata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

135 TABLE E.2-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Antisabiafoliacea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 0 Aspella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atys debilis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atys semistriata 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atys sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Balcis spp. 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Barleeia calcarea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Benthonella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Berthelinia pseudochloris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bittium impendens 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bittium sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brookula iki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bulla vernicosa 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bullina scabra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum arcuatum 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum cf. glabella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum cf. glabnformis 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Caecum sepimentum 9 6 16 24 0 34 10 2 32 Caecum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Cancilla granatina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cantharus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Carinapex minutissima 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Carinapex papillosa 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 Cassis sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cephalaspidea sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cephalaspidea sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithidium diplax 13 2 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithidium perparvulum 58 1 56 21 0 14 6 8 10 Cerithiopsis sp. A 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Cerithiopsis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium atromarginatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium columna 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium echinatum 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 Cerithium egenum 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium interstriatum 4 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium morus 0 0 0 6 0 5 1 3 14 Cerithium nesioticum 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium placidum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium rostratum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium zebrum 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium sp. 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ceritoturris bittium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Circulus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clavus sp. cf. powelli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clavus sp. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Collonista candida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coralliophila sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crepidula aculeata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

136 TABLE E.2-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Cycloscala hyalina 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 Cyclostremiscus emeryi 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Cyclostremiscus striatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cyclostremiscus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cylichna pusilla 0 1 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 Cystiscus huna 0 1 a a a a a 0 a Daphnellinae sp. a 0 a a 0 a a 0 0 Diala scopuLorum 0 0 6 97 a 103 55 17 209 Diala semistriata 43 0 52 2 a 1 a 8 5 Diala sp. 0 a a 27 a 55 10 12 87 Diniatys dentifer 1 a a 3 0 1 a a 1 Diodora granifera 0 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 0 Eatoniella janetaylorae 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Eatoniella pigmenta 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 Eatoniella sp. 0 0 4 a 0 0 0 0 0 Elachisina robertsoni 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 Emarginula diLecta 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 a Epitonium sp. A 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 Epitonium spp. 0 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 Etrema acricuLa a 0 a a 0 0 a 1 0 Euchelus gemmatus 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 Euchelus sp. 1 0 0 1 a 0 a 0 0 Eucithara sp. a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 1 Eucyclotoma albomacuLa a a 0 0 a 0 a 0 a Eulimidae sp. 0 a a 0 a 0 a 0 a Finella pupoides 0 0 a 0 a 0 a a 4 Gemmula monilifera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a Gibbula marmorea a 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 Granula sandwicensis 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 a Granulina vitrea 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 Granulina sp. 0 6 2 0 a 4 a 0 4 Heliacus implexus 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 Heliacus sp. 0 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 Herviera glirieLla 1 3 a 0 a a a 0 0 Herviera patricia 0 0 a 4 a 1 2 0 3 Hinemoa indica a 1 0 a a 0 a 0 a Hipponix austraLis 0 2 0 a a a 0 0 0 Hipponix imbricatus 0 a 0 a a 0 a a a Hipponix pilosus a a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 Hipponix sp. a a 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Imbricaria conovuLa a a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 Imbricaria oLivaeformis 0 a 0 a 0 0 a 0 a Ittibittium parcum 0 0 a a a a a a 0 JuLia exquisita 1 a a a a 0 a a a Kermia brunnea a a a a 0 0 0 0 a Koloonella hawaiiensis 0 a 0 a a 0 a 0 a Koloonella sp. 1 a a 1 a a a 1 1 Leptothyra rubricincta 0 0 0 a 1 0 a 0 a Leptothyra verruca 1 3 1 a a 0 a 0 3

137 TABLE E.2-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 7a 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Leptothyra sp. a a a a a a a a a Lienardia apiculata a a a a a a a a a Lophocochlias minutissimus 6 1 8 19 2 13 8 1 13 Lophocochlias sp. A 1 a a a a a a a 0 Lophocochlias sp. a a a a a a a a a Merelina granulosa a a a a a a a a 0 Merelina hewa a a a a a a a a a Merelina wanawana a a a a a a a a a Merelina sp. A a a a a a a a a a Metaxia albicephala a a a 15 a 15 3 a 17 Metaxia brunnicephala a 0 a a a a a a a Metaxia sp. a a a 14 a 5 1 16 7 Microdaphne trichodes 1 a a a a a a a a Miralda paulbartschi a 1 a a a a a a a Miralda scopulorum a a a a a a a a 0 Miralda sp. a a a 0 a a a a a Mitrella loyaltensis a a a a a a a a a Mitrolumna metula a a a a a a a a a Nassarius crematus a a a a a a a a a Natica gualteriana a a 2 a a a a a 0 Natica sp. a a a 1 a a a 3 a Nesiodostomia sp. a a a a a a a a a Odostomia gulicki a a a a a a a 1 0 Odostomia oxia a a a a a a a a 0 Odostomia steamsiella a a a 0 a a a a 0 Odostomia sp. A a a a 0 a a a a 1 Odostomia sp. 1 a a a a a a a 0 Omalogyra japonica 1 a 1 a 1 1 a 1 0 Omalogyra sp. a a a a a a a a a Opalia attenuata a a a a a a a a 0 Orbitestella regina 3 1 6 5 2 3 4 1 4 Orbitestella sp. B a a 1 1 2 3 1 a 1 Orbitestella sp. a a 0 0 a a a a a Parashiela beetsi 15 a 12 28 a 21 7 7 16 Peristemia chlorostoma a a a 0 a a a a a Phenacolepas scobinata a a a a a a a a 0 Philippia oxytropis a a a 0 a a a a a Philippia radiata a a a a a a a a 0 Planaxis suturalis a a a 1 a a a a a Planaxis sp. a a a a a a a a 0 Plesiotrochus luteus 1 a a 2 a 3 1 a a Powellsetia fallax a a 0 a a a a a a Pseudodaphnella pulchella a a a 1 a a a a 0 Pupapudica a a a a a a a a 0 Pupa tessellata a a a 2 a a a 1 a Pupa sp. a a a a a a a a 1 Pusillina marmorata 43 6 36 29 98 98 6 3 42 Pyramidella sulcata a a a 2 a a 1 3 7 Pyramidella sp. B a a a a a a 0 a a

138 TABLE E.2-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Pyramidella sp. C 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidella sp. D 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 Pyrarnidellidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrarnidellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidellidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides gracilis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides miranda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides suta 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrgulina oodes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrgulina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Rastodens sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rhinoclavis articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella confusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella longispira 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella sp. 1 1 0 1 0 4 0 3 0 Rissoina ambigua 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina cerithiiformis 10 17 1 1 0 0 0 1 4 Rissoina costata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina imbricata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina pulchella 8 0 11 10 0 15 0 0 24 Rufodardanula ponderi 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rufodardanula sp. A 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sansonia kenneyi 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Sansonia sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scalenostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scaliola spp. 14 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schwartziella ephamilla 9 1 3 17 0 15 3 0 19 Schwartziella triticea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scissurella coronata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Scissurella pseudoequatoria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scissurella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seminella peasei 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seminella smithi 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Sinezona insignis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smaragdia bryanae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stilifer sp. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stosicia hiloense 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Strebloceras subannulatum 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Strombus heW 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Strombus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Styliferina goniochila 3 1 1 30 0 22 23 38 47 Subcancilla foveolata 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 Synaptocochlea concinna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teinostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tricolia variabilis 25 10 13 10 11 14 3 0 13 Triphora spp. 8 6 12 0 0 1 0 0 0 Trochus intextus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tugali oblongata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbo sandwicensis 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

139 TABLE E.2-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Turbonilla cornelliana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 Turbonilla lirata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. A 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 Turbonilla sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turridae sp. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Umbraculum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vanikoro sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Veprecula brunonia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Verrnetidae sp. 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Vexillum diutenera 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vexillum interruptum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vexillum sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola bayani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola sp. 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Volvarinafusiformis 0 0 0 7 0 0 1 1 6 Volvarina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Williamia radiata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Zebina bidentata 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zebina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda spp. 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2

SCAPHOPODA Scaphopoda sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

POLYPLACOPHORA Polyplacophora sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 330 121 347 422 125 477 160 208 631 Total No. of Individuals/cm3 22.0 8.1 23.1 28.1 8.3 31.8 10.7 13.9 42.1 Total No. of Taxa 51 39 43 50 12 39 26 35 48

"Pinna are indicated by a "+" for larval shells and by "frag" for shell fragments.

140 TABLE E.3. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Mollusk Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 79 Through 87, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

BIVALVIA Acar sp. cf. A. plicata 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 I Arca kauaia I 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 I Arca sp. 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 Barbatia nuttingi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Barbatia sp. 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Brachiodontes crebristriatus I 1 0 3 2 I 0 2 0 Cardita thaanumi 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 Carditella hawaiensis I 0 0 0 I 1 0 0 1 Chlamydella sp. A 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 Chlamys sp. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cosa waikikia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 Crenella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Ctena bella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctena transversa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ctena sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Epicodakia sp. cf. pygmea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Epicodakia sp. 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Ervilia bisculpta 0 0 0 3 0 I 0 4 1 Euciroa pacifica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fragum mundum I 0 I 0 4 0 1 0 I Kellia hawaiensis 26 18 0 0 I 0 1 0 0 Kellia rosea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kona symmetrica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Limopsis sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mactra sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malleus regula 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malleus sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mytilidae sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nucula hawaiensis 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 Ostrea sp. 3 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 I Pillucina hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 Pillucina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pinna sp.a 0 0 0 ++ 0 0 0 0 + Rochefortina sandwichensis 3 0 0 3 I 3 0 I 2 Semelangulus crebrimaculatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 Tellina sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tellina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 Bivalvia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

GASTROPODA Acteocina hawaiensis 0 0 0 6 0 5 0 0 0 Acteocina sandwicensis 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 Acteocina sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Acteocina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alcyna ocellata 6 2 0 5 I 3 4 11 9 Alcyna subangulata 2 0 0 2 0 I 0 0 0 Alvania isolata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

141 TABLE E.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Antisabia foliacea 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atys debilis 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Atys semistriata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atys sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Balcis spp. 2 0 1 66 2 33 0 0 0 Barleeia calcarea 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Benthonella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Berthelinia pseudochloris 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Bittium impendens 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Bittium sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brookula iki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bu'lla vemicosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bullina scabra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum arcuatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum cf. glabella 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 Caecum cf. glabriformis 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caecum sepimentum 5 12 0 13 25 1 0 0 0 Caecum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 Cancilla granatina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cantharus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Carinapex minutissima 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 Carinapex papillosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Cassis sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cephalaspidea sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cephalaspidea sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Cerithidium diplax 3 0 0 18 5 11 0 1 0 Cerithidium perparvulum 4 1 5 117 10 64 0 34 13 Cerithiopsis sp. A 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 Cerithiopsis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium atromarginatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Cerithium columna 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Cerithium echinatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium egenum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium interstriatum 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Cerithium morus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 Cerithium nesioticum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium placidum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium rostratum 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Cerithium zebrum 0 0 9 1 2 0 0 3 0 Cerithium sp. 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ceritoturris bittium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Circulus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Clavus sp. cf. powelli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clavus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Collonista candida 5 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coralliophila sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Crepidula aculeata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

142 TABLE E.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

CycloscaLa hyalina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cyclostremiscus emeryi 7 2 0 a 2 0 0 0 0 Cyclostremiscus striatus 0 a 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 Cyclostremiscus sp. A a a 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 Cylichna pusiLla 0 a 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 Cystiscus huna a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 Daphnellinae sp. a a 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 DiaLa scopuLorum a a 0 285 0 97 1 119 39 DiaLa semistriata I a 0 54 5 5 0 2 0 DiaLa sp. 0 0 0 a 0 0 72 12 0 Diniatys dentifer 0 0 a a 0 0 3 0 0 Diodora granifera 1 0 1 0 2 0 a 0 0 EatonieLLa janetayLorae 0 a a a 0 0 0 0 0 EatonieLLa pigmenta a 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 a EatonieLLa sp. 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 ELachisina robertsoni 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 EmarginuLa diLecta 1 0 a 0 a 0 a a a Epitonium sp. A 0 a 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Epitonium spp. a a 0 a 0 0 0 1 0 Etrema acricuLa 0 a 0 a a a 0 a 0 EucheLus gemmatus 0 a 1 a 1 a 1 1 0 EucheLus sp. 0 a 0 a 0 1 1 4 0 Eucithara sp. 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 1 0 Eucyclotoma aLbomacula 0 0 a a 0 0 1 a 0 Eulimidae sp. a 0 a a a 0 2 0 1 FineLLa pupoides a 0 7 14 a 37 a 10 a Gemmula monilifera 0 0 a a a 0 a 0 a GibbuLa marmorea 2 a a 0 1 0 a 1 a Granula sandwicensis 0 0 2 4 a 0 a 0 a Granulina vitrea 0 0 a a a 0 a 0 a Granulina sp. 0 0 a a 1 5 0 0 0 Heliacus implexus 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heliacus sp. 0 0 a a 0 0 a 0 0 Herviera gliriella 0 0 1 a 1 2 a 0 0 Herviera patricia 0 2 a I 0 0 a 1 0 Hinemoa indica a a 0 a a 0 0 a 0 Hipponix australis 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 Hipponix imbricatus a 0 0 a a 0 a 0 0 Hipponix pilosus 0 a 2 a 1 0 0 0 a Hipponix sp. a 0 7 0 a a 0 0 0 Imbricaria conovula a 0 a a a a 0 0 a Imbricaria olivaeformis a 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 Ittibittium parcum 6 9 20 a 1 0 2 0 0 Julia exquisita 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 Kermia brunnea 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 Koloonella hawaiiensis 2 3 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 KolooneLLa sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Leptothyra rubricincta 2 6 2 0 5 0 0 0 2 Leptothyra verruca 2 0 0 0 3 a 0 0 0

143 j TABLE E.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Leptothyra sp. 0 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 Lienardia apiculata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lophocochlias minutissimus 7 2 2 10 6 a 0 0 7 Lophocochlias sp. A 2 2 0 a 8 1 0 0 0 Lophocochlias sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina granulosa a 0 0 0 0 a 5 45 26 Merelina hewa a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina wanawana 0 0 2 a 2 a a 0 0 Merelina sp. A a 0 3 a 2 a 0 0 0 Metaxia albicephala 0 0 1 0 0 a 0 0 0 Metaxia brunnicephala a 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 5 Metaxia sp. 0 a 0 0 0 a a 0 0 Microdaphnetrichodes a 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 Miraldapaulbartschi 0 3 4 0 3 0 0 1 1 Miralda scopulorum 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 Miralda sp. a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mitrella loyaltensis a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mitrolumna metula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nassarius crematus 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 Natica gualteriana 0 a 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Natica sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nesiodostomia sp. a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia gulicki 0 0 4 0 a a a 0 a Odostomia oxia a a a a 0 a a a a Odostomia steamsiella a a 0 0 a a a a a Odostomia sp. A 0 a a a 0 a a a a Odostomia sp. a 0 a a a a a a a Omalogyra japonica 2 a 0 1 0 2 a 1 2 Omalogyra sp. a a 0 a 0 a a 2 1 Opalia attenuata a a a a a a 0 1 a Orbitestella regina 28 5 10 4 16 1 a 5 2 Orbitestella sp. B a 0 a a 0 1 0 a a Orbitestella sp. 1 a a 3 a 2 1 9 17 Parashiela beetsi 11 a 1 12 9 8 0 a 0 Peristemia chlorostoma a a a a a a 0 a a Phenacolepas scobinata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Philippia oxytropis 0 a 0 0 a a a 0 a Philippia radiata a a 0 a a 0 0 a 0 Planaxis suturalis 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a a Planaxis sp. a a a a a 0 a a a Plesiotrochus luteus a 0 a a a 2 a 0 0 Powellsetia jallax a 0 a 2 0 a 1 38 6 Pseudodaphnella pulchella a a a 0 a a a a a Pupapudica a 0 a a 0 a 2 2 a Pupa tessellata a a a a 0 a 0 a 0 Pupa sp. a a a a a 0 a a 0 Pusillina marmorata 23 3 1 39 25 14 a 0 a Pyramidella sulcata a 0 a a a a a a 0 Pyramidella sp. B 1 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

144 TABLE E.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Pyramidella sp. C 0 0 0 1 0 I 0 0 0 Pyramidella sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidellidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Pyramidellidae sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidellidae sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Pyramidelloides gracilis 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides miranda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides suta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrgulina oodes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrgulina sp. 0 0 0 0 5 7 1 0 0 Rastodens sp. 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Rhinoclavis articulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Rissoella confusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella longispira 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoella sp. 0 0 1 8 0 5 0 0 0 Rissoina ambigua 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 Rissoina cerithiiformis 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rissoina costata 0 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 Rissoina imbricata 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Rissoina pulchella 0 0 0 15 2 3 0 0 0 Rufodardanula ponderi 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 Rufodardanula sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sansonia kenneyi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Sansonia sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Scalenostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scaliola spp. 0 0 0 79 0 22 0 0 0 Schwartziella ephamilla 1 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 Schwartziella triticea 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 4 1 Scissurella coronata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scissurella pseudoequatoria 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scissurella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seminella peasei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SemineLla smithi 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 Sinezona insignis 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smaragdia bryanae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stilifer sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stosicia hiloense 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Strebloceras subannulatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Strombus helli 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Strombus sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Styliferina goniochila 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 97 8 Subcancilla foveolata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Synaptocochlea concinna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Teinostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tricolia variabilis 53 13 20 2 43 10 0 0 4 Triphora spp. 1 0 6 0 6 9 0 0 0 Trochus intextus 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Tugali oblongata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbo sandwicensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

145 TABLE E.3-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

TurboniLla cornelliana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Turbonilla Lirata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TurboniLla sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TurboniLla spp. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turridae sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Umbraculum sp. 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Vanikoro sp. 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Veprecula brunonia 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 Verrnetidae sp. 9 17 22 1 3 0 0 0 0 Vexillum diutenera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vexillum interruptum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vexillum sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola bayani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola sp. 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Volvarina fusiformis 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Volvarina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Williamia radiata 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Zebina bidentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Zebina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Gastropoda spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SCAPHOPODA Seaphopoda sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

POLYPLACOPHORA Polyplaeophora sp. 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 245 113 168 798 237 369 128 473 168 Total No. of Individuals/em3 16.3 7.5 11.2 53.2 15.8 24.6 8.5 31.5 11.2 Total No. ofTaxa 45 26 41 44 54 40 32 55 32 aPinna are indicated by a "+" for larval shells and by "frag" for shell fragments.

146 TABLE EA. Taxon Abundance from Nine Stations for Mollusk Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 88 Through 96, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

BIVALVIA Acar sp. cf. A. plicata 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Arca kauaia 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arca sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Barbatia nuttingi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Barbatia sp. 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Brachiodontes crebristriatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cardita thaanumi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Carditella hawaiensis 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 Chlamydella sp. A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chlamys sp. 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 Cosa waikikia a a a a a a 0 0 a Crenella sp. 0 a a a a 1 0 0 0 Ctena bella 0 a a 0 1 0 1 0 a Ctena transversa 0 a a a a 0 a a a Ctena sp. a 0 a a 0 0 a 0 a Epicodakia sp. cf. pygmea a 0 a a a 0 0 0 a Epicodakia sp. a 0 a a a 3 0 0 a Ervilia bisculpta a a 2 a 0 3 1 3 3 Euciroa pacifica 0 0 a a a a 0 0 a Fragum mundum 2 a 1 1 0 3 0 0 a Kellia hawaiensis 2 14 3 18 a a 1 a 0 Kellia rosea a a 0 0 0 a a 0 a Kona symmetrica a a a a 0 a a 0 0 Limopsis sp. 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mactra sp. 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 Malleus regula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malleus sp. A 0 1 a 2 0 1 a 0 a Mytilidae sp. 0 1 a 2 0 0 a 0 0 Nucula hawaiensis 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Ostrea sp. 1 0 0 0 1 0 a 0 1 Pillucina hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a Pillucina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Pinna sp.a 0 0 0 + 0 0 a ++ ++ Rochefortina sandwichensis 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 0 6 Semelangulus crebrimaculatus a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tellina sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tellina sp. 0 a 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 Bivalvia sp. 0 0 0 a 0 a 0 2 a

GASTROPODA Acteocina hawaiensis a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Acteocina sandwicensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Acteocina sp. A a a 3 a 0 0 0 0 a Acteocina sp. a 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a Alcyna ocellata 5 2 9 7 3 3 2 2 0 Alcyna subangulata 1 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a Alvania isolata 0 0 0 a 0 a 1 0 a

147 TABLE E.4--Continued No. ofIndividuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Antisabia foliacea a 1 0 a a a a a a Argyropeza leucocephala 1 a 0 a a a a a a Aspella sp. a a 0 a a 0 a a a Atys debilis a a a a a a a a a Atys semistriata 0 a 0 a a a a a a Atys sp. a a 0 0 a 0 0 0 a Balcis spp. a 0 0 a a 0 0 0 a Barleeia calcarea a 1 2 a a 1 0 0 0 Benthonella sp. a 1 0 a a 0 a a a Berthelinia pseudochloris 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 Bittium impendens 0 0 a a a 0 0 0 a Bittium sp. 2 1 1 a a 0 0 0 0 Brookula iki 0 1 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 Bulla vernicosa 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 a Bullina scabra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Caecum arcuatum a a 0 a 0 0 a 0 a Caecum cf. glabella a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a 0 Caecum cf. glabriformis a 0 a a a 0 0 a a Caecum sepimentum a 0 a a 0 0 0 a 0 Caecum sp. 38 8 9 a a 0 0 0 0 Cancilla granatina a a a a 0 0 a 0 0 Cantharus sp. 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 Carinapex minutissima 0 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 Carinapex papillosa 1 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 a Cassis sp. a a 0 a 0 a a a a Cephalaspidea sp. A 0 a 0 a a a a a a Cephalaspidea sp. 0 a 0 a 0 0 a 0 a Cerithidium diplax a a 0 a a a a a 0 Cerithidium perparvulum 1 6 28 a a 0 a 0 a Cerithiopsis sp. A 1 a 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 Cerithiopsis spp. a a 0 a a 0 0 a 0 Cerithium atromarginatum a a 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 Cerithium columna a a 0 a 0 0 a 0 a Cerithium echinatum a a 2 a 0 0 a 0 a Cerithium egenum a a 0 a 0 a a 0 a Cerithium interstriatum 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Cerithium morus 1 1 3 a a 0 a 0 a Cerithium nesioticum 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a Cerithium placidum a a a a 0 a a 0 a Cerithium rostratum 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a Cerithium zebrum 0 a 0 a 0 a a a a Cerithium sp. 0 a 0 a a a a 0 0 Ceritoturris bittium 0 a 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 Circulus sp. 0 a 1 a a a a 0 0 Clavus sp. cf. powelli 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Clavus sp. a a 0 a 0 a a a a Collonista candidq 10 9 3 a a 3 a a a Coralliophila sp. a a 0 a a 0 a 0 a Crepidula aculeata a a 0 a a 0 a 0 a

148 TABLE E.4--Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 9a 91 92 93 94 95 96

Cycloscala hyalina a a a a a a a a a Cyclostremiscus emeryi 22 2 7 8 1 4 a a a Cyclostremiscus striatus a a a a a a a a a Cyclostremiscus sp. A 2 a a a a 1 a a a Cylichna pusilla a a a a a a a a a Cystiscus huna a a a a a a a a a Daphnellinae sp. a a a a a a a a a Diala scopulorum 5 12 16 a a a a a a Diala semistriata a a a a a a a a a Diala sp. 3 7 a a a a a a a Diniatys dentifer a a a a a a a a a Diodora granifera a a a a a a a a a Eatoniella janetaylorae a a a 2 a 9 a a a Eatoniella pigmenta a 2 a a a a a a a Eatoniella sp. a a a a a a a a a Elachisina robertsoni 1 a 1 a a a a a a Emarginula dilecta a a 2 1 a a a a a Epitonium sp. A a a a a a a a a a Epitonium spp. a a a a a a a a a Etrema acricula a a a a a a a a a Euchelus gemmatus a a a a a a a a a Euchelus sp. 2 a a a a 2 a 1 a Eucithara sp. a a a a a a a a a Eucyclotoma albomacula a a a a a a a a a Eulimidae sp. 2 1 a a a a a a a Finella pupoides a 1 3 a a a a a a Gemmula monilifera a a a a a a a a a Gibbula marmorea 1 a a a a a a a a Granula sandwicensis a a a a a a a a a Granulina vitrea a a a a a a a a a Granulina sp. a a a a a a a a a Heliacus implexus a a a a a a a a a Heliacus sp. a a a a a a a a a Herviera gliriella a a 1 a a a a a a Herviera patricia 3 a 1 a a a a a a Hinemoa indica 2 a a a a a a a a Hipponix australis a a a a a a a a a Hipponix imbricatus 3 a 1 a a a a a a Hipponix pilosus a a a a a a a a a Hipponix sp. a a a a a a a a a Imbricaria conovula a a a a a a a a a Imbricaria olivaeformis a a a a a a a a a Ittibittium parcum a 1 3 a a a a a a Julia exquisita 3 a a a a a a a a Kermia brunnea a a a a a a a a a Koloonella hawaiiensis a a a a a a a a a Koloonella sp. 3 1 1 a a a a a a Leptothyra rubricincta 14 4 2 3 2 1 a a a Leptothyra verruca a a a a a a a a a

149 TABLE Eo4-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Leptothyra sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lienardia apicuLata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lophocochlias minutissimus 12 2 8 11 7 14 13 2 2 Lophocochlias sp. A 8 1 1 I 0 2 3 0 0 Lophocochlias sp. 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina granulosa 52 22 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 Merelina hewa 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Merelina wanawana 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 Merelina spo A 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metaxia albicephala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metaxia brunnicephala 12 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metaxia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Microdaphne trichodes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Miralda paulbartschi 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 MiraLda scopuLorum 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Miralda sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MitrelLa Loyaltensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mitrolumna metuLa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nassarius crematus 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Natica gualteriana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Natica spo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nesiodostomia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia guLicki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia oxia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia steamsielLa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia spo A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odostomia sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OmaLogyra japonica I 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 OmaLogyra spo 2 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Opalia attenuata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OrbitestelLa regina 7 8 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 OrbitestelLa sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OrbitestelLa sp. 19 22 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parashiela beetsi 0 0 0 10 11 32 12 4 7 Peristemia chLorostoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PhenacoLepas scobinata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PhiLippia oxytropis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PhiLippia radiata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Planaxis suturalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Planaxis sp. 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plesiotrochus luteus 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PowelLsetia falLax 6 5 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 PseudodaphneLLa puLchelLa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pupapudica 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pupa tesselLata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pupa sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pusillina marmorata 0 0 0 24 33 49 26 6 13 PyramidelLa sulcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PyramidelLa spo B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

150 TABLE E.4--Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Pyramidella sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramidella sp. D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrarnidellidae sp. A a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Pyrarnidellidae sp. B 3 1 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Pyrarnidellidae sp. D 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 a Pyramidelloides gracilis a 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 Pyramidelloides miranda 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a a Pyramidelloides suta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a Pyrgulina oodes a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Pyrgulina sp. a 0 0 0 a a 0 a a Rastodens sp. a 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 Rhinoclavis articulata 5 8 6 0 0 0 0 a a Rissoella confusa 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a Rissoella longispira 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Rissoella sp. 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 Rissoina ambigua 16 0 4 0 a 0 0 0 0 Rissoina cerithiiformis 8 1 1 1 1 0 5 0 0 Rissoina costata a 0 0 2 a 1 1 a 0 Rissoina imbricata 1 0 2 0 0 a 0 a 0 Rissoina pulchella a 0 0 0 13 4 0 3 0 Rufodardanula ponderi a 0 3 0 0 0 0 a 0 Rufodardanula sp. A a 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a Sansonia kenneyi 4 0 0 0 0 1 2 a a Sansonia sp. A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scalenostoma sp. 1 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a Sealiola spp. a 0 0 0 a 0 0 a a Schwartziella ephamilla a 0 0 2 5 8 15 1 a Schwartziella triticea 2 0 1 0 a 0 1 a 0 Scissurella coronata a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scissurella pseudoequatoria 0 1 0 5 a 0 0 a 0 Scissurella sp. 0 1 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 Seminella peasei 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 Seminella smithi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sinezona insignis 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 a Smaragdia bryanae 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 a Stilifer sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Stosicia hiloense 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Strebloceras subannulatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Strombus heW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Strombus sp. a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Styliferina goniochila 0 2 10 0 a 0 0 0 a Subcancilla foveolata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Synaptocochlea concinna 10 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 Teinostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tricolia variabilis 176 27 34 22 11 34 10 2 0 Triphora spp. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Trochus intextus 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tugali oblongata 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Turbo sandwicensis 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0

151 TABLE E.4-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

TurbonilLa cornelliana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TurbonilLa !irata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TurbonilLa sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbonilla sp. B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TurbonilLa sp. C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TurbonilLa spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turridae sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Umbraculum sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vanikoro sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Veprecula brunonia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Verrnetidae sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VexilLum diutenera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VexilLum interruptum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vexillum sp. A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola bayani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viriola sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Volvarina fusiformis 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Volvarina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Williamia radiata 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zebina bidentata 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 Zebina sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda sp. A 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gastropoda spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SCAPHOPODA Scaphopoda sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

POLYPLACOPHORA Polyplacophora sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total No. of Individuals/Station 544 207 315 139 95 191 102 30 36 Total No. of Individuals/cm3 36.3 13.8 21.0 9.3 6.3 12.7 6.8 2.0 2.4 Total No. of Taxa 61 42 53 25 17 31 21 13 9 apinna are indicated by a "+" for larval shells and by "frag" for shell fragments.

152 TABLE B.S. Taxon Abundance from Four Stations for Mollusk Components, Mamala Bay Sampling Stations 97 Through 100 and Regional Total, O'ahu, Hawai'i, August 2001 No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

BIVALVIA Acar sp. cf. A. plicata 0 0 1 0 7 Arca kauaia 0 0 0 0 10 Arca sp. 0 0 0 0 2 Barbatia nuttingi 0 0 0 0 I Barbatia sp. 0 0 0 0 19 Brachiodontes crebristriatus 0 0 0 0 48 Cardita thaanumi 0 0 0 0 6 Carditella hawaiensis 0 0 0 0 30 Chlamydella sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 Chlamys sp. 2 0 0 0 11 Cosa waikikia 0 0 0 0 16 Crenella sp. 0 0 0 0 5 Ctena bella 0 0 0 0 2 Ctena transversa 6 0 0 0 6 Ctena sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Epicodakia sp. cf. pygmea 0 0 0 0 2 Epicodakia sp. 0 0 0 0 7 Ervilia bisculpta 9 0 0 0 60 Euciroa pacifica 0 0 0 0 4 Fragum mundum 0 3 1 1 43 Kellia hawaiensis 0 0 0 0 101 Kellia rosea 0 0 0 0 2 Kona symmetrica 0 0 0 0 7 Limopsis sp. 0 0 0 0 4 Mactra sp. 0 0 0 0 10 Malleus regula 0 0 0 0 6 Malleus sp. A 0 0 0 0 10 Mytilidae sp. 0 0 0 0 15 Nucula hawaiensis 0 0 0 0 4 Ostrea sp. 0 0 0 0 16 Pillucina hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 2 Pillucina sp. 0 0 0 0 2 Pinna sp.a + 0 0 0 ++ Rochefortina sandwichensis 0 0 1 0 43 Semelangulus crebrimaculatus 0 0 0 0 4 Tellina sp. D 0 0 0 0 8 Tellina sp. 2 0 1 0 11 Bivalvia sp. 0 0 0 0 10

GASTROPODA Acteocina hawaiensis 2 0 1 6 25 Acteocina sandwicensis 20 0 0 0 30 Acteocina sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 Acteocina sp. 0 0 0 0 3 Alcyna ocellata I 3 4 3 137 Alcyna subangulata I 0 0 3 15 Alvania isolata 0 0 0 0 I

153 TABLE E.5-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

Antisabia foliacea 0 0 0 0 9 Argyropeza leucocephala 0 0 1 2 53 Aspella sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Atys debilis 0 a 1 0 4 Atys semistriata 0 0 a 0 5 Atys sp. 0 0 0 0 2 Balcis spp. 0 0 0 a 123 Barleeia calcarea 0 a 0 a 5 Benthonella sp. 48 2 1 1 75 Berthelinia pseudochloris 0 0 1 1 5 Bittium impendens 0 0 a 0 28 Bittium sp. 0 1 a 1 6 Brookula iki 0 a 0 1 2 Bulla vemicosa 0 0 0 0 3 Bullina scabra 5 0 1 a 6 Caecum arcuatum a 0 0 0 1 Caecum cf. glabella 0 6 3 9 24 Caecum cf. glabriformis 0 0 0 0 4 Caecum sepimentum 0 0 0 1 251 Caecum sp. 0 3 0 5 79 Cancilla granatina 0 0 0 0 1 Cantharus sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Carinapex minutissima 0 0 0 a 23 Carinapex papillosa 0 0 0 0 15 Cassis sp. 12 0 0 0 12 Cephalaspidea sp. A 0 0 1 a 1 Cephalaspidea sp. 0 0 a 0 2 Cerithidium diplax a 0 0 0 124 Cerithidium perparvulum 5 2 21 48 761 Cerithiopsis sp. A a 0 0 3 9 Cerithiopsis spp. 0 0 0 a 9 Cerithium atromarginatum 0 0 0 0 1 Cerithium columna 0 0 0 0 13 Cerithium echinatum 0 0 0 0 7 Cerithium egenum 0 0 0 0 5 Cerithium interstriatum 0 0 a a 34 Cerithium morus 1 a 3 1 48 Cerithium nesioticum a a a a 4 Cerithium placidum a a a a 4 Cerithium rostratum a a a a 10 Cerithium zebrum a a a a 27 Cerithium sp. a a a a 18 Ceritoturris bittium a a a a 1 Circulus sp. a a a 2 4 Clavus sp. cf. powelli 1 a 0 a 4 Clavus sp. a 0 a a 2 Collonista candida a 2 a 3 45 Coralliophila sp. a 0 1 a I Crepidula aculeata a 0 a 1 5

154 TABLE E.5-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

CycLoscala hyalina 1 0 0 4 9 CycLostremiscus emeryi 0 6 0 4 93 CycLostremiscus striatus 0 3 0 2 8 CycLostremiscus sp. A 0 0 0 0 4 Cylichna pusilla 0 0 0 0 2 Cystiscus huna 0 0 0 0 1 Daphnellinae sp. 0 0 0 0 2 Diala scopulorum 18 4 11 29 1,166 Diala semistriata 30 0 0 42 334 Diala sp. 5 0 6 14 310 Diniatys dentifer 0 0 0 0 10 Diodora granifera 0 0 0 0 5 Eatoniella janetaylorae 0 0 0 0 11 Eatoniella pigmenta 0 0 0 0 3 Eatoniella sp. 0 2 8 1 17 Elachisina robertsoni 0 0 0 0 2 Emarginula dilecta 0 1 0 0 5 Epitonium sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Epitonium spp. 17 0 0 0 18 Etrema acricula 0 0 0 0 1 Euchelus gemmatus 0 0 0 1 17 Euchelus sp. 0 0 0 0 17 Eucithara sp. I 0 0 0 3 Eucyclotoma albomacula 0 0 0 0 1 Eulimidae sp. 0 0 0 0 6 Finella pupoides 156 1 1 5 239 Gemmula monilifera 0 0 0 0 I Gibbula marmorea 0 0 0 1 8 Granula sandwicensis 0 0 0 2 8 Granulina vitrea 0 0 0 0 10 Granulina sp. 0 0 0 0 23 Heliacus implexus 0 0 0 0 1 Heliacus sp. 7 0 0 2 9 Herviera gliriella 0 0 0 0 19 Herviera patricia 0 0 0 I 20 Hinemoa indica 2 0 0 2 9 Hipponix australis 0 0 0 0 2 Hipponix imbricatus 0 0 3 0 8 Hipponix pilosus 0 0 0 0 5 Hipponix sp. 0 0 0 0 10 Imbricaria conovula 0 0 0 3 3 Imbricaria olivaeformis 0 0 0 I 1 Ittibittium parcum 0 0 0 0 89 Julia exquisita 0 0 1 1 21 Kermia brunnea 0 0 0 0 1 Koloonella hawaiiensis 0 0 0 0 5 Koloonella sp. 0 0 0 0 14 Leptothyra rubricincta 0 3 0 2 59 Leptothyra verruca 1 0 2 4 31

155 TABLE E.5-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

Leptothyra sp. 0 0 2 0 2 Lienardia apiculata I 0 0 0 1 Lophocochlias minutissimus 0 3 0 25 255 Lophocochlias sp. A I 2 I 4 45 Lophocochlias sp. 0 0 0 0 6 Merelina granulosa 8 11 25 32 281 Merelina hewa 0 1 0 2 5 Merelina wanawana 0 0 0 0 10 Merelina sp. A 0 0 0 0 17 Metaxia albicephala 0 0 0 0 73 Metaxia brunnicephala 0 0 I 3 48 Metaxia sp. 0 0 0 0 43 Microdaphne trichodes 0 0 0 0 1 Miralda paulbartschi 5 0 0 0 33 Miralda scopulorum 0 0 0 0 9 Miralda sp. 0 0 2 0 2 Mitrella loyaltensis 0 0 0 0 3 Mitrolumna metula 0 0 0 0 1 Nassarius crematus 0 0 0 0 1 Natica gualteriana 0 0 0 0 7 Natica sp. 0 0 0 0 4 Nesiodostomia sp. 0 0 1 0 1 Odostomia gulicki 0 0 0 0 5 Odostomia oxia 0 0 0 0 2 Odostomia steamsiella 0 0 0 0 1 Odostomia sp. A 0 0 0 0 3 Odostomia sp. I 0 0 0 6 Omalogyra japonica 0 0 2 3 36 Omalogyra sp. I 4 14 I 34 Opalia attenuata 0 0 0 0 1 Orbitestella regina 0 0 0 0 158 Orbitestella sp. B 0 0 0 0 15 Orbitestella sp. I 24 5 33 162 Parashiela beetsi 0 0 0 0 276 Peristemia chlorostoma 0 0 0 0 2 Phenacolepas scobinata 0 0 0 0 17 Philippia oxytropis 0 0 0 0 I Philippia radiata 0 0 0 I 1 Planaxis suturalis 0 0 I 0 2 Planaxis sp. 0 0 0 0 2 Plesiotrochus luteus 0 0 0 3 25 Powellsetia jallax 6 5 3 29 118 Pseudodaphnella pulchella 0 0 0 0 1 Pupapudica 0 0 0 0 5 Pupa tessellata 0 0 1 0 4 Pupa sp. 0 0 1 0 3 Pusillina marmorata 0 0 0 0 748 Pyramidella sulcata 0 0 0 0 15 Pyramidella sp. B 0 0 0 0 2

156 TABLE E.5-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

Pyramidella sp. C 0 0 0 0 9 Pyramidella sp. D 0 0 0 0 4 Pyramidellidae sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Pyramidellidae sp. B 0 0 0 1 6 Pyramidellidae sp. D 0 0 0 1 7 Pyramidelloides gracilis 0 0 0 0 3 Pyramidelloides miranda 0 0 0 0 2 Pyramidelloides suta 0 0 0 0 2 Pyrgulina oodes 0 0 0 1 1 Pyrgulina sp. 0 0 0 0 16 Rastodens sp. 0 0 0 0 9 Rhinoclavis articulata 0 15 1 4 42 Rissoella confusa 3 0 0 6 9 Rissoella longispira 0 0 2 6 8 Rissoella sp. 0 0 0 0 30 Rissoina ambigua 0 2 3 0 50 Rissoina cerithiiformis 0 0 0 0 109 Rissoina costata 0 0 0 0 11 Rissoina imbricata 0 0 0 2 7 Rissoina pulchella 0 0 0 0 148 Rufodardanula ponderi 9 0 0 0 27 Rufodardanula sp. A 0 2 0 2 6 Sansonia kenneyi 0 0 0 2 16 Sansonia sp. A 0 0 0 0 2 Scalenostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Sealiola spp. 0 0 0 0 215 Schwartziella ephamilla 0 0 0 0 135 Schwartziella triticea 0 1 1 0 16 Scissurella coronata 0 0 0 2 3 Scissurella pseudoequatoria 0 0 0 0 9 Scissurella sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Seminella peasei 0 0 0 0 4 Seminella smithi 0 0 0 0 11 Sinezona insignis 0 2 1 0 20 Smaragdia bryanae 1 0 0 0 3 Sti/ifer sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Stosicia hi/oense 0 0 0 0 13 Strebloceras subannulatum 0 0 0 0 7 Strombus helli 0 0 0 0 4 Strombus sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Styliferina goniochila 5 1 3 28 334 Subcancilla foveolata 0 0 0 0 3 Synaptocochlea concinna 0 0 0 0 15 Teinostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Tricolia variabilis 2 50 16 60 881 Triphora spp. 0 0 1 0 66 Trochus intextus 0 0 1 0 7 Tugali oblongata 0 0 0 0 1 Turbo sandwicensis 0 0 0 0 10

157 TABLE E.5-Continued No. of Individuals Taxon Station Regional Total 97 98 99 100

Turbonilla cornelliana 4 0 0 0 15 Turbonilla lirata 11 0 I 1 13 Turbonilla sp. A 0 0 0 0 6 Turbonilla sp. B 0 0 0 0 2 Turbonilla sp. C 0 0 0 0 2 Turbonilla spp. 0 0 0 0 1 Turridae sp. 0 0 0 0 4 Umbraculum sp. 0 0 0 0 1 Vanikoro sp. 0 0 0 0 3 Veprecula brunonia 0 0 0 0 3 Vennetidae sp. 0 0 0 0 83 Vexillum diutenera 0 0 0 0 1 Vexillum interruptum 0 0 0 0 2 Vexillum sp. A 0 0 0 0 1 Viriola bayani 0 0 0 I 1 Viriola sp. 0 0 0 0 10 Volvarinafusiformis 0 0 0 0 20 Valvarina sp. 0 0 a 0 2 Williamia radiata a 0 a 2 18 Zebina bidentata 1 1 0 0 15 Zebina sp. a 0 I 0 1 Gastropoda sp. A a 0 0 0 7 Gastropoda spp. 0 2 2 0 8

SCAPHOPODA Scaphopoda sp. 0 0 2

POLYPLACOPHORA Polyplacophora sp. 0 0 0 0 10

Total No. of Individuals/Station 414 168 167 469 10,284 Total No. of Individuals/cm3 27.6 11.2 11.1 31.3 17.1 Total No. of Taxa 42 31 48 64 266

158