Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42785-2 — In-Vitro

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42785-2 — In-Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction Edited by Gabor Kovacs , Peter Brinsden , Alan Decherney Index More Information

Index

Abate, Vincenzo, 104 Austin, Bunny, 43 bone marrow stem cell transplantation, abortion, 143, 158 Austin, C.R., 3 216, 221 spontaneous, 185, 186 Australia, 46–65 Bongso, Arif, 214–222 accessibility, treatment, 158, 162–165, 174 1980 onwards, 54–60 Borini, Andrea, 195, 196 accreditation program, 144–145 commercialization, 242, 243, 244, 247 Bourn Hall clinic, 8, 15, 16, 28–35 Acosta, Dr. Anibal, 66, 67, 70 early success with IVF, 48–49 commercialization issues, 245 add-on services, 242, 247 irst human embryos, 47–48 cryopreservation prohibition, 18 adoption, 234, 236, 238 IVF births, 52–54, 59, 60 irst IVF international meeting, 32, 90, Africa, 158–170 IVF workshop, world’s irst, 60 114–115 ART registration, 161–162 legislation, 183, 224–228 numbers of births, 32 IVF, accessible and afordable, 162–165, Melbourne, 46–63 research papers from, 36 245 New South Wales, 63–64 site of, 31, 35 IVF, history of, 159 Queensland, 64 Bourn-Hallam Group of IVF Clinics, 33 IVF, lack of expertise, 166 South Australia, 64–65 Boveri, heodor, 10–11 IVF, unmet need for, 160 West Australia, 64 Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory, 10 lack of consumables, 166 Austria, 87–100 Braude, Peter, 42 major challenges and hurdles, 166 irst IVF outpatient clinic, 93–96 Brave New World (Huxley), 11 age irst IVF trials, 87 Brinsden, Peter, 28–35 and aneuploidy, 185 IVF program grows, 88, 89–91 Brinster method, 14 ethical issues, 149 IVF road to success, 89–91 Brinster, Ralph, 13, 14 fertility and, 78 Jovanovic family. See Jovanovic family British Medical Association (BMA), 43 social freezing and, 138 preliminary studies at 2nd VUWH, 87 Brown, Leslie, 15, 30 Agrawal, Rina, 148–151 Avery, Dr. Sue, 33 Brown, Louise Ahrén, Professor Kurt, 111 azoospermia, 77, 84, 85, 86, 178 birth of, 15, 30, 52 Alberda, Bert, 15, 130 DAZ gene, 210 birth of, media on, 30, 31, 41 Ali, J., 193 azoospermia factor (AZF) gene, deletion, 77 birth of, public backlash, 5–6 Alpha society, 33, 200 fortieth birthday, 35 amenorrhea, 133 Baby Joseph, 178 twenty ith party, 35 American Society for Reproductive Baby M, 80 Brown, Professor James, 50 Medicine (ASRM), 71–72, 78 back to nature principle, 12 Brüel and Kjaer (company), 117 amniocentesis, 53, 80 bacterial artiicial chromosomes Brussels, 84–86 ANARA (African Network and Registry for (BAC), 187 Bull, Graham, 43 Assisted Reproductive Technology), Balfour Studentship, 1 Bunge, Raymond, 11 161 Balfour, Professor Francis, 1 Burt, Elizabeth, 148–151 Andrews, Dr. Mason C., 66 Balmaceda, Dr. Jose, 81 Buster, John, 76, 182 aneuploidy testing, 79, 185, 187 Bartoov, Benjamin, 137 animal studies, 38. See also mouse embryos; Bavister, Barry, 4, 14 Canada, 229 rabbit studies Ben-Rafael, Zion, 132–138 Cannon, Graham, 43 1950s and 1960s advances, 4 Berlusconi, Silvio, 106 capacitation, 3, 13 embryo biopsy, 180 Biggers, John D., 1–6, 12, 13, 78 Carr, Elizabeth, 31, 67, 75 from human IVF, 8–19 birth-associated tissues, stem cells from, Carter, President Jimmy, 5 Heape experiments, 1 219–220 Catholic Church, 30, 61, 72, 80, 104 ovarian tissue cryopreservation, 198 Blakemore, Jennifer, 21–26 Latin America, 141, 143–144 Pincus experiments, 2 blastocentesis, 109 cell theory, 9 Argentina, 229, 241 blastocysts centrifugation-migration technique, 177 arrayCGH, 187–188 biopsy, 185, 246 centriole, 10 ART cycles. See IVF cycles cryopreservation, 154, 193 centrosome, 10 artiicial insemination with donor sperm culture, 79, 215–216 Certiicate of Need, 6 (AID), 84 embryonic stem cells from, 216–217 CFTR gene mutation, 77 Ascaris megalocephala, 10 hatching, 195 CGH. See comparative genomic Asch, Dr. Ricardo, 76, 81 blastomere biopsy, 19, 79 hybridization (CGH) Asherman, Joseph, 132 BlueGnome, 187, 188 Chalmers, heo, 38 assisted hatching, 78, 136 BMOC2 medium, 13 Chambers, Joanna, 42 249 Asztély, Dr. Mats, 116 Bomsell, Ondine, 102 Chambers, Robert, 9

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42785-2 — In-Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction Edited by Gabor Kovacs , Peter Brinsden , Alan Decherney Index More Information

Index

Chang, M.C., 3, 11, 12, 22, 25 Controversies in Obstetrics Gynaecology donor insemination, 61, 155 Chang’s medium, 216 and Infertility (COGI) Congress, 132 AID, 84 Chapman, Dr. Michael, 243, 244, 245 corporatization of medicine, 243–244 early 20th century, 11 Chen, Zi-Jiang, 152–156 Costa Rica, 143 lawsuit, 81 Chile, 141–147 costs. See compensation; funding; donor oocytes, 76, 98, 155, 197 China, 152–156 reimbursement cytoplasm, 79 development of IVF, 152 Cox, Lloyd, 64 pregnancies, 61–62 IVF techniques, 153–156 Crat, Professor Ian, 32, 42, 54, 245 Spain, 121–122 surrogacy, 156 Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD), 202 Donor Sibling Registry, 235, 236 choline, 196 criminal ofence, 227 donors chromosomes, 10 CRISPR, 155, 190 compensation, 121, 245 abnormalities, 154, 180–190 Croxatto, Horacio, 11 reimbursement, 108, 245 aneuploidy, 185 cryopreservation, 15, 18–19, 192–200 Dor, Dr. Jehoshua, 134 bacterial artiicial, 187 blastocysts, 154, 193 Driscoll, Geofrey, 63 diploid and haploid, 10 China, 153–154 Dunstan, Gordon, 5 model of inheritance, 10 embryo, 18, 31, 62, 153, 154 sex chromosomes, 10, 184, 188 human embryo, 192–194, 215 East Virginia Medical School (EVMS), 16, Cittadini, Ettore, 104 human ovarian tissue, 198–200 66, 68, 69 Clayton, Stanley, 40 oocytes, 78, 153, 154 ectogenesis, 11–12 cleavage stage embryos, cryopreservation, oocytes, human, 194–198 Edgar, David, 192–200 192–193 social freezing, 77, 137–138, 198 Edwards, Sir Robert, 4–5, 5, 12, 26, 28–35, Clinical Care Groups (CCGs), 246 cryotop, 197 132 clinical embryologists, irst, 17 cryptozoospermia, 85 awards and honors, 32 clomiphene, 47, 50, 51, 90, 92 Culture Club, 78 blastomere biopsy, 19 clomiphene citrate (CC), 203 culture media, 12–14 early years, 29 Cobo, Ana, 197 in IVF tests, 4 irst successful human IVF, 14 co-culture systems, 193, 215, 216 KSOM, 78 forecasting future directions of IVF, 34 Coddington, Charles C., 66–73 culture systems, 12–14 France, speaking in, 102 Cohen, Jacques, 8–19, 79, 136, 193 blastocyst, 79, 215–216 hostility to work, BMA and, 43 Cohen, Jean, 102, 103 co-culture, 193, 215, 216 hostility to work, early inklings, 37–38 colchicine, 184 cystic ibrosis, 77, 174, 186, 188 hostility to work, MRC and, 41–42 collaboration cytoplasm, donor oocyte, 79 hostility to work, Nature 1969 paper, 38 Bob Edwards and Patrick Steptoe, 14 cytotoxic therapies, 192, 194, 197, 198 hostility to work, Parliament and, 42 regional, in Latin America, 141–147 hostility to work, referees’ reports, 38–41 regional, in Scandinavia, 116–119 DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) gene, 210 Howard Jones and, 66 Comisión Nacional de Reproducción de Kretser, David, 60, 177–179 Nobel Prize, 8 Humana Asistida (CNRHA), 121 deafness, 154 ovarian stimulation protocol, 202 commercialization, 63, 172–176, 240–248. DeCherney, Alan H., 81, 75–82 psychological/social aspects of IVF, 232 See also funding Delhanty, Dr. Joy, 184, 188 Spain and, 120 advantages and disadvantages, 247 Del-Zio, Doris, 80 Steptoe collaboration, 14 birthplace of IVF, 245–247 developing countries. See also Africa; India; supporters of work, 43 deinition, 240 Latin America Zegers-Hochschild, Inluence on, 141 ethics, 244 fertility rates, 165 Elder, Dr. Kay, 33 goals of healthcare, 240 infertility and, 158, 165 embryo biopsy, 14, 62, 180–182, 190 patient responses to, 245 Special Task Force on infertility, 159, 166 embryo cryopreservation, 18, 31, 62, proit motive, 242–243 Devroey, Paul, 84 153, 154 regulations, 244–245 diabetes, 219 human, 192–194, 215 surrogacy, 227 gestational, 220 embryo donation, 156 types of healthcare system, 240–241 diathermy, 39 families, 234, 236 comparative genomic hybridization Dickey-Wicker Amendment, 81 embryo transfer (ET) (CGH), 182 Diczfalusy Egon, 111 irst attempts, 1 arrayCGH, 187–188 Diedrich, Klaus, 129–130 frozen vs fresh, 154 metaphase, 186–187 Dignitas Personae, 80 multiple, 134, 177, 192 compensation, donors, 121, 245. See also Dill, Sandra, 228–231 single, 34, 79, 85 reimbursement dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 15, 192, 194, embryo vitriication, 193 Conant, James, 23 198 embryonic stem cells congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens DNA blastocyst culture, 215–216 (CBAVD), 77 mitochondrial, 155, 239 irst, 34 Conn, Clare, 188 recombinant, 76, 205 from blastocysts, 216–217 Connell, Matthew, 75–82 donor anonymity, 234 human. See human embryonic stem cells Contraceptive Research and Development donor disclosure, 234–237, 237 (hESCs) (CONRAD) Program, 68 donor embryos, 156, 234, 236 embryotrophic factors, 215 controlled ovarian hyperstimulation donor gametes, 155–156 endometrial scratching, 137 (COH), 67, 75 ban on, 108 Ennals, David, 41 250 controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), families, 234–237 Enzmann, E.V., 2 75–76, 133, 206 legislation, 224, 225, 226 Estes operation, 1

Index

Estes, W.L., 1 dosages, 134 government funding, lack of, 8, 16 estradiol, 75 recombinant-hFSH, 205 government opposition ethics, 40, 41, 232, 244 follitropin alfa, 205 Edwards and Steptoe, 42 approval sought, 84 Ford Foundation, 56, 87 Indian, 148 donor egg pregnancy, 61–62 Fowler, Bob, 208 Italy, 106 donor insemination, 81 Fowler, Norman, 42 PGD, 183 four principles of practice, 244 France, 102–103 Gowans, James, 41, 42 France, 103 frozen embryo pregnancies, 62, 154 grating, ovarian tissue, 199 India, 149 Frydman, René F., 102–103 Gray, Sir John, 41 Nuield Council on Bioethics, 235 funding Greece, 125–131 Ethics Advisory Board, 81 Africa, 158, 162–165, 245 Griin, Darren, 184, 188 ethylene glycol, 197 government, lack of, 8, 16 Gruzdev, V.S., 172 European Convention on Human Rights, India, 148, 149 Gurdon, Jon, 8 228 lack of, 30, 38, 41, 42 European Society of Human Reproduction Latin America, 144 Haan, Nick, 187 and Embryology (ESHRE), 109, 120 misappropriation, 81 hemophilia, 184 award from, 186 Russia, 174 Haldane, J.B.S., 11 Bonn meeting, 129 Hamberger, Lars, 17, 97, 111–119 Special Task Force on infertility, 159, 166 gamete donation. See donor gametes Hammarberg, Karin, 112 European Study of Assisted Reproduction gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT), 29, Hammersmith Hospital, 183, 246 Families, 233, 235 76, 154 Hammond, John, 12 Evans, Martin, 8 gamete intrauterine transfer (GIUT), 154 Handyside, Alan, 180, 182, 184, 188, 189 experimental embryology Garcia, Dr. Jairo, 66 haploblocks, 189 hundred years of, 10–11 Gardner, David, 79, 193 Harris, Muriel, 43 Nobel prizes for, 8 Gardner, Richard, 19, 37 Hartman, Carl, 3 eye diseases, 218 gay father families, 238 Harvard, Dr. John, 43 gender inequality, 148 hCG. See human chorionic gonadotropin Fabbri, Rafaella, 196 gene editing, 154–155 (hCG) fallopian tubes Germany, 129–130 health insurance, 138, 174 blockage, 1, 92 Gianaroli, Luca, 104–109, 185 Heape, Walter, 1–2, 11 environment, 50, 215 Gibbons, William, 70 heart failure, 219 gamete intra-fallopian transfer, 76 GIERAF (Groupe Inter Africain d’Etude, hemagluttination assay, 204 microsurgery, 211 de Recherche et d’Application sur la hematopoietic diseases, 216, 220, 221 families, 232–239 Fertilité), 162 hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), 219 gamete donation, 234–237 Gleicher, Norbert, 17, 242 Hennessey, John, 64 IVF and ICSI, 232–234 glucose, 13 Hertwig, Oscar, 10 lesbian, 237, 238 glycerol, 18, 193, 198 hESCs. See human embryonic stem cells same-sex parents, 227, 238 Godfrey, Malcolm, 43 (hESCs) single-mother, 237, 238 Golombok, Susan, 232–239 heterotopic grating, 200 surrogacy, 237–238 gonadotrophin releasing hormone Hillensjö, Torbjörn, 111–119 Fanconi’s anemia, 189 (GnRH), 32 hiPSCs. See human induced pluripotent Fasolino, Antonio, 105 agonists, 16, 204 stem cells (hiPSCs) Fauser, Bart, 125–131 antagonists, 205, 206 HIV, 163, 165 federal regulations, 81–82 gonadotrophins, 202, See also follicle- HLA testing, 189 Fehilly-Willadsen, Carole, 8 stimulating hormone (FSH); hMG. See human menopausal gonadotropin Feichtinger, Dr. Wilfried, 87–100 luteinizing hormone (LH) (hMG) feminists, 61, 183 hCG. See human chorionic gonadotropin Hoagland, Dr. Hudson, 23 Ferraretti, Anna Pia, 104–109 (hCG) Hochfellner, Christa, 94 Fertility Clinic Success Rate and hMG, 75, 76, 132, 134 Hodgen, Gary D., 68, 69 Certiication Act, 81 HPG, 50, 51 Holm, Dr. Hans Henrik, 115, 116 Fertility Society of Australia (FSA), 64 introduction of, 132–134 hormonal contraception, 26 fertility tourism, 106, 121, 149, 151, 244 stimulation, 67, 70 hostility. See government opposition; ibrin sealant glue, 136 superovulation from, 13 media backlash; professional Ficoll, 178 urinary, 205 hostility; public backlash; religious First World Congress on IVF, 97 Gook, Debra, 192–200 opposition Fishel, Simon, 8, 14 Gorbachev, M., 173 Howarth, Sheila, 38, 41 luorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), 79, Gosden, Roger, 198 Howles, Colin M., 202–206 182, 188 Goswamy, Rajat, 31 Hughes, Mark, 188 multi-probe, 185 Gothenburg, 111–113 human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), 16, single cell, 183–186 Bourn Hall meeting, 114–115 47, 48, 50 luorochromes, 184, 185, 186 time-lapse photography, 113 protocol, 203 Follicle Programme, 89 ultrasound, 115 human embryo follicles. See ovarian follicles Gould, Donald, 42 cryopreservation, 192–194, 215 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 16, 76, government development, 214 111, 177 restrictive legislation for IVF, 229–230 human embryo research, 42 251 characteristics, 202 view on infertility, 228 moratorium on, 16

Index

human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), 216 male factor. See male factor infertility Baby M, 80 beneicial uses of, 219 medical condition, 228–229 Bourn Hall clinic, 32 characterization and diferentiation, 217 microsurgery, 208–213 chronology in diferent countries, 54 clinical grade, 217 neglected problem, 158, 165 Elizabeth Carr, 67, 75 clinical trials using, 218 one-stop clinic for diagnosis, 163 France, 103 hurdles in using, 217–218 overpopulation argument, 165 Greece, 126, 129 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act real costs of, 230–231 ICSI treatment, 85 1990, 5, 246 Steptoe and Edwards committment to India, 148, 149 Human Fertilisation and Embryology help, 34 Italy, 104 Authority (HFEA), 82, 230, 246 stigma, 148, 149, 158 Latin America, 146 Human Genome Project, 187 treatment in Israel, 132 Louise Brown. See Brown, Louise human induced pluripotent stem cells Infertility Medical Procedures Act 1984, 62, numbers, 238 (hiPSCs), 218, 221 224, 225 numbers worldwide, 8, 247 beneicial uses of, 219 Infertility Treatment Authority (ITA), 226 Scandinavia, 119 clinical trials using, 218 informed consent, 150 IVF clinics. See also Bourn Hall clinic human IVF. See also in-vitro fertilization inner cell mass (ICM), 214, 216 Africa, 160, 161 (IVF) Institute of Medicine (IOM), 82 Bologna, Italy, 105 1960s and 1970s work on, 14–16 Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), business objectives, 240 1980s and 1990s work on, 16–19 120, 122, 123 China, 153 controversiality of, 183 International Consumer Support for corporatization, 243–244 irst successful demonstation, 14 Infertility (iCSi), 229 early ones worldwide, 16 from animal IVF, 8–19 International Fertility Congress, India, 149 human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), Berlin, 113 Israel, 134–135 75, 76, 132, 202 intracytoplasmic morphologically selected numbers worldwide, 19 dosages, 134 sperm injection (IMSI), 137 organization of, 242 protocol, 203 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 14, proit motive, 242–243 human oocyte cryopreservation, 194–198 18, 77, 78, 84–86, 178, 179, 210 Russia, 173, 174 human ovarian tissue cryopreservation, China, 153 types of, 240–241 198–200 commercialization, 246 UK, 246 human pituitary gonadotrophin (HPG), families, 233 USA, 6, 75 50, 51 Israel, 135 world’s irst, 8, 16 human recombinant leukemia inhibitory overuse of, 242 world’s irst outpatient, 93–97 factor (hLIF), 216 Investigational New Drug (IND) review IVF cycles Humana Wellington Hospital, 32 process, 218 Africa, 160, 162 Hunter, Dr. John, 11 in-vitro fertilization (IVF), 214–215 Africa, access to, 161 Huxley, Aldous, 11 alternatives to traditional techniques, 76 Bourn Hall clinic, 31 hypo-gonadotrophic hypogonadism, 177 American roots of, 21–26 China, 152 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase birthplace of, 245–247 monitoring, 115 enzyme (HPRT), 180 commercialization, 63 per capita in Israel, 138 hysterosalpingogram (HSG), 92, 163 early instruments and equipment, 9 reimbursement, 160, 247 families, 232–234 Russia, 174 ICSI. See intracytoplasmic sperm injection First World Congress, 97 (ICSI) historical outline, 1–6 Jacobson, Dr. Cecil, 80 identity issues, 238 professional hostility to, 37–43 Janisch, Herbert, 88, 89, 90, 92 idiopathic infertility, 60 psychological aspects, 232 Jansen, Rob, 63 immuno-rejection, 217 sixth World Congress, 136 Janson, Per Olaf, 111 incubators, earliest, 9 unmet need for, 160 Japan, 241 India, 148–151 in-vitro maturation (IVM), 153 Jefcoate, Norman, 38, 39, 40 current legislation, 150 in-vivo fertilization, 214 Johnson, Martin, 14, 37–43 National Registry, 149–150 Ishihara, Dr. Osamu, 241 Johnston, Dr. Ian, 46, 52 reproductive medicine bills, 150–151 Israel, 132–138 Jones catheter, 66 reproductive medicine in, 148–149 irst IVF clinic, 134–135 Jones Institute, 6, 26, 67–69, 71 subfertility in, 148 IVF cycles per capita, 138 Jones, Georgeanna, 6, 16, 26, 66–73 surrogacy, 244 legislation, 136 proile of, 72 infant of the diabetic mother (IDM), 220 OHSS, 135 Jones, Howard, 4, 6, 16, 26, 54, 66–73 infections, screening for, 163 social egg freezing, 137–138 vision and legacy, 72–73 infertility Italy, 104–109 Jovanovic family, 87 Africa, 158, 168, 245 commercialization, 245 25th celebrations, 100 China, 152 current and future issues, 108–109 IVF treatment, 92 consumers as partners, 230 late 1980s and 1990s, 105–106 pregnancy and birth, 92–93 diagnosis and treatment, 11 legislation, 104, 106–108, 195, 229 India, 148 pioneers, 104–105 karyomapping, 189–190 isolating experience, 228 year 2000 onwards, 106–108 karyotyping, 182 limited resources argument, 165 IVF births metaphase CGH, 186–187 252 low priority in investing, 39 Australia, 52–54, 59, 60 Keefe, David, 21–26 low priority in solving, 40 Baby Joseph, 178 Keen, Dr. Jefrey, 76

Index

keloids, 220 luteinizing hormone (LH), 16, 76, 114, 177, microepididydimal sperm aspiration Kemeter, Peter, 87, 89, 93–96, 100 202 (MESA), 77 Kennedy, Senator Edward, 81 surge, 202–206 microepididymal sperm aspiration Kirkman family, 62 (MESA), 210 Klinefelter’s syndrome, 77 M16 medium, 13 microinjection, sperm, 178 Kola, Ismail, 182 Macdonald, Alastair, 30 micromanipulation, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 84, 180 Korsak, Vladislav, 172–176 Macnamee, Dr. Mike, 33 micropipettes, 180 Kovacs, Gabor, 46–65, 177, 242 Maddox, John, 38 microsurgery, 208–213 Krasovskaya, O.V., 172 Magli, Maria Cristina, 104–109, 185 microtools, 197 Krebs, Professor D., 129 Male Factor Group, Monash, 177 Mills, Ivor, 43 Kruger, hinus, 70 male factor infertility, 15, 17, 18, 77, 177–179 MINC incubator, 10 KSOM media, 78 Africa, 163 mineral oil, 14 Kuang, Professor Yanping, 153 Australia, 60 miscarriage, spontaneous, 155, 185 Kumar, Dr. Anand, 149 ICSI, 85, 210 mitochondrial DNA, 155, 239 microsurgery, 208–213 mitochondrial replacement, 155–156 Lancet, letter in, 15, 30 male infertility program, 67, 70–71 mitochondrial transfer, 82 laparoscopy, 4, 16 malignant disease, 78, 192, 194, 195 Mohr, Linda, 62 Australia, 46 Malta, 109 Monash clinic, 46, 63, 64, 177, 243 drawbacks to, 76 Malter, Henry, 18 Monk, Marilyn, 180 ethics of, 40 mammalian reproductive cycles, 2 monogenic disease, 154, 180–190 introduction, 15 Marle, Gerard van, 9 Morris, R.T., 1 opposition to, 39 Mashiach, Shlomo, 134 Mortimer David, 10 Steptoe’s work in, 28, 29 Mason, Dr. Bridget, 33 motile sperm organelle morphology laparotomy, 48 Massouras, Dr. Harris, 126, 127 examination (MSOME), 137 Lassalle, B., 192 Mathews, Dr. homas, 33 mouse embryos Latin America, 141–147 Matthews, Colin, 64 cryopreservation, 192 regional collaboration, 144–146 Mazur, Peter, 9, 192 culturing, 4, 13, 180, 182, 183 Latin American Registry (RLA), 144, 145, McBain, John, 50, 52 Muasher, Dr. Suheil, 67, 70 161 McLaren, Anne, 13, 41, 180 Muggleton-Harris, Audrey, 180 Laurentian Hormone Research media, 231 Mukerji, Dr. Subhas, 148, 149 Conferences, 23 Austrian, 93 multiple annealing and looping-based Law 40, 107–108, 109, 229 birth of Louise Brown, 30, 31, 41 ampliication cycles (MALBAC), 155 Lawson, R.A.S., 47, 48 Edward’s research, 43 multiple embryo transfers, 134, 177, 192 Ledger, Dr. Bill, 247 India, 148 multiple pregnancies, 73, 130, 134, 177, 192 Leeton, John, 46, 47, 49, 51, 62, 102 professional antagonism towards, 39 multiple sclerosis, 80 legal actions media backlash multi-probe FISH, 185 Baby M, 80 birth of Louise Brown, 5 Munné, Santiago, 106, 185 Costa Rica, 143 Chile, 143 muscular dystrophy, 184 Del-Zio v. Vande-Weile, 80 Italy, 107 Edward’s for defamation, 43 IVF treatment, 1, 19 Natolin, Frederick, 21–26 Jacobson v. United States, 80 Nature 1969 article, 38 National Cooperative Program on Non- legislation Pincus experiments, 2 Human In Vitro Fertilization and Australia, 183, 224–228 media, culture. See culture media Preimplantation Development, 12 commercialization, 244–245 medical insurance, 247 national infertility awareness campaign efect on infertile couples, 228–231 Medical Research Council (MRC) (NIAC), 246 Germany, 129 change of policy, 41 National Institute for Health and Care Greece, 127 changing stance, 41 Evidence (NICE) guidelines, 246 India, 150–151 experimental subjects/procedures, 40 National Institute of Health (NIH) information and its disclosure, 226–227 human embryo research, 42 backlash on IVF, 5 Israel, 136 lack of support, 16, 38 National Research Act 1974, 81 Italy, 104, 106–108, 195, 229 taking a stand, 41–42 Nature, 1969 paper, 38 Spain, 120, 121 medical tourism, 106, 122, 149, 151, 244 Netherlands, 9, 130–131 surrogacy, 227 Medical, Ethical and Social Aspects of neural progenitor cells, 217 USA, 16 Assisted Reproduction (WHO), 159 New England Journal of Medicine, USA, federal regulations, 81–82 Medicare, 247 editorial, 2, 11 Leibo, Stanley, 9, 192 medication, 16, 76 New Zealand, 229, 235 lesbian families, 245, 246 meiotic spindle, 194, 195 next generation sequencing (NGS), 187, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 180 Meirov, D., 137 190, 246 leukemia, 189 Mendel’s laws, 10 NHS provision of IVF, 245, 246 life expectancy, 166 Menezo, Yves, 193 Nikitin, A., 172–176 limited resources argument, 165 Menkin, Miriam, 3, 12, 24 Nilsson, Lars, 111, 115 Lithuania, 109 menotrophin, 202 Nilsson, Lennart, 113, 114 London Gynaecology and Fertility Centre, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 219 Nobel prizes, 8, 10, 33, 120, 132 246 metaphase CGH, 186–187 Norfolk Clinic. See Jones Institute Lopata, Alex, 31, 46–65, 89 methotrexate, 98 Norfolk system, 14 253 Lunenfeld, Bruno, 132 micro-drop method, 14 Nuield Council on Bioethics, 235

Index

Oehninger, Sergio C., 66–73 PGD. See preimplantation genetic diagnosis recombinant DNA, 76, 205 Oktay, Kutluk, 200 (PGD) recombinant human insulin, 205 Oldham General Hospital, 43, 245 PGS. See preimplantation genetic screening recombinant-hFSH, 205 oligospermia, 77 (PGS) red-green luorescence ratio, 186, 187 oligo-terato-astenospermia (OTA), 135 Pincus, Gregory, 2, 3, 12, 19, 22–24 Reed, Candice, 31, 53, 58, 224 Ombelet Willem, 158–170 Poland, 109 Reed, Linda and John, 53 oncofertility, 77 polar body biopsy, 185 referees’ reports, 38–41 Oncofertility Consortium, 77 Polge, Chris, 11 regulations. See legislation one-stop clinics, infertility diagnosis, 163 polycystic ovary syndrome, 148, 153, 154 reimbursement, 230 oocyte donation. See also donor oocytes polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 19, 182, donors, 108, 245 pregnancy, 61–62 188, 189 IVF cycles, 160, 247 oocyte recovery with tubal insemination polyspermy, block to, 17 policies, 244 (ORTI), 29 poor ovarian response (POR), 153 religious opposition, 30, 61, 73, 80 oocytes poor responders, 75, 137 Australia, 224 cryopreservation, 78, 153, 154 Pope Benedict XVI, 143 Italy, 104, 107, 109 cytoplasm, 79 population-control, worldwide priority, 39 Latin America, 141, 143–144 fertilization in vitro, 4, 22, 41 Porcu, Eleonora, 107 religious support, Israel, 135 human oocyte cryopreservation, 194–198 Powell, Enoch, 42 reproduction, 21 maturation, 5 Pratt, Hester, 42 control of, 21 pick-up, 115, 116, 135 prednisolone, 98 lectures on, 37 recovery and fertilization rates, 47, 51 pregnancies reproductive cycles recovery and yield, 50 donor egg, 61–62 irst work on, 1 recovery, laparoscopic, 4 multiple, 73, 130, 134, 177, 192 mammalian, 2 recovery, mistimed, 203 pregnanediol, 48 reproductive endocrinology and infertility retrieval, 76 preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), (REI), 66 orchidometer, 178 19, 85, 107–108, 180–190 retinal macular degeneration, 218 orthotopic grating, 199 China, 154–155 Right to Life organization, 183 ovarian follicles early techniques, 182–183 Rijkmans-Verhamme, Camilla, 15 atresia, 204 public controversy, 183 Rios, Mario and Elsa, 62 monitoring, 50 single gene, 188–189 Robertson, Robert, 6 recruitment, 16, 211 preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), Robertsonian translocations, 188 ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 79, 106, 185 Rock, Professor John, 2–3, 3, 4, 11, 12, 22, (OHSS), 122, 133, 134, 206 overuse of, 242 24–25 controlled, 67, 75 pre-pronuclear transfer (PPNT), 155 Rolla, Dr. Edgardo, 241 Israel, 135 professional hostility Rosenwaks, Dr. Zev, 67, 79 ovarian stimulation, 50, 51, 69, 98, PGD work, 183 Royal Women’s Hospital (RWH), 46, 52 202–206 to Steptoe and Edwards, 37–43 Rudak, Dr. Edwina, 134 China, 153 proit motive, 242–243 Russia, 172–176 controlled, 75–76, 133, 206 Progress campaign group, 42 commercialization of IVF, 172–176 improving, 50 PROH-sucrose method, 192, 194, 196 Russian Association of Human protocols in Africa, 164 psychological efects Reproduction (RAHR), 174 ovarian tissue donor disclosure, 235, 237 Rutherford, Tony, 245–247 cryopreservation, 198–200 ICSI, 234 transplantation, 137 IVF, 232 salt solutions, 4, 12 ovary transplant, 211 public backlash, 81 same-sex parents, 227, 238 overpopulation argument, 165 birth of Louise Brown, 5–6 Sarris, Dr. Spyros, 126 overseas surrogacy, 227 Italy, 107, 109 Saunders, Doug, 63 over-treatment, 242 IVF treatment, 1, 15 saviour sibling PGD, 189 ovulation induction (OI), 133 PGD treatment, 183 Scandinavia, 111–119. See also Gothenburg ovulation, timing of, 16 Pincus experiments, 2 collaboration within, 116–119 Purdy, Jean, 8, 28–35, 37 Schenk, M., 10 package pricing, 243, 247 pyruvate, 4, 13 Schoolcrat, William, 79 Papiernick, Professor Emile, 102 Schrurs, Bridget, 184 parain oil, 14 Qin, Yingying, 152–156 second polar body transfer (PB2T), 155 parthenogenesis, 22 quality control, 17 Second Vienna University Women’s partial zona dissection, 84, 136 Queen Victoria Medical Centre (QVMC), Hospital (2nd VUWH), 87, payment. See compensation; 46, 47, 51 93–96, 97 reimbursement sepsis, pregnancy-related, 158 Pellicer, Antonio, 120–123 Rabau, Ervin, 132 Sermon, Karen, 187, 189 pelvic infections, 158, 163 rabbit studies, 22, 180 sex chromosomes, 10, 184, 188 Pennings, Guido, 235 irst, 1, 2 sex selection, 79, 150, 184, 188 Pepperell, Professor Roger, 54 Racowsky, Catherine, 1–6 sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 148, Pergonal clinic, 133 Ragni, Guido, 104 158, 163, 165 Perrutz, Max, 40 Rawlings, Dr. Richard, 144 Sgargi, Serena, 104–109 254 Petri dish, 14, 97 Rechitsky, Svetlana, 189 Shah, Dr. Duru, 244 Petrov, G.N., 172 reciprocal translocations, 188 Shanghai protocol, 153

Index

Sherman, Jerome, 11 hostility to work, BMA and, 43 ovary, 211 Shettles, Landrum, 4, 25, 80 hostility to work, early inklings, 37–38 testis, 208 Short, Roger, 38, 40, 41 hostility to work, MRC and, 41–42 transport IVF program, 131 sickle cell anemia, 79 hostility to work, Nature 1969 paper, 38 transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte Silber, Sherman, 77, 208–213 hostility to work, Parliament and, 42 retrieval (TVOR), 117, 135 Simons, Roger, 18 hostility to work, referees’ reports, 38–41 Tref, Nathan, 187 simplex optimization, 12 lack of cooperation with Australia, 51 trehalose, 196 Singapore, 243 ovarian stimulation protocol, 202 Trounson, Alan, 15, 51, 52, 56, 90, 178, 180 single cell luorescent in situ hybridization role in British Fertility Society, 32 frozen embryo pregnancies, 62 (FISH), 183–186 supporters of work, 43 open attitude, 183 single embryo transfer, 34, 79, 86 Stern, Elizabeth and William, 80 subzonal sperm injection, 62 single gene PGD, 188–189 stigma tubal environment, 50–51, 215 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), infertility, 148, 149, 158 tubal microsurgery, 211 187 same-sex parents, 238 tumorigenesis, risk of, 217, 218 single-mother families, 237, 238 Stock-Myer, Sharyn, 189 Turner Syndrome, 149, 188 Sjögren, Anita, 112 Stokes, Julian, 59 TWE lab method, 164 slow freezing Stone, Dr. Sergio, 81 Tygerberg criteria, 70 cleavage stage embryos, 192–193 Strohmer, Dr. Heinz, 247 human oocytes, 196 stromal cells, 219 UK Longitudinal Study of Assisted Smith, John Lawrence, 9 subzonal sperm injection (SUZI), 62, 84–85, Reproduction Families, 234, 235, 237 smoking, 137 178 ultrasound, 16, 52, 98 social freezing, 78, 137–138, 198 success rates, annual improvements in, 8 Gothenburg team, 115 Society for Assisted Reproductive sucrose, 192, 193, 194 oocyte pick-up, 116 Technologies (SART), 72, 78, 81 concentration, 196, 197 TVOR, 117, 135 somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), 218 Sundström, Per, 114 vaginal, 116 Soupart, Pierre, 113 superovulation, 13 vaginal retrieval, 76 Southwick, Graeme, 178 surrogacy, 62–63, 77, 80, 227 umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly, 219, Spain, 120–123 China, 156 220–222 Special Task Force on infertility in ethics, 244 United States developing countries, 159, 166 families, 237–238 commercialization, 243 Speirs, Andrew, 53 India, 150 federal regulations, 81–82 sperm Israel, 135 irst IVF clinic, 6 cryopreservation, 153 overseas, 227 IVF post-Joneses, 75–82 donation. See donor insemination Sutton, Walter, 10 IVF, roots of, 21–26 ICSI. See intracytoplasmic sperm Suzuki, Nao, 199 Jacobson v. United States lawsuit, 80 injection (ICSI) Svetlov, Professor P.G., 172 Joneses and Jones Institute, 66–73 microinjection, 178 Sweeney, Dr. William, 80 legislation bans, 16 preparation, 13, 50 swim-up technique, 50, 177 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, production rate, 177 Szalay, Stefan, 88, 89, 90, 97 228, 247 subzonal injection, 62, 84–85, 178 urinary gonadotrophins, 205 transfer, 11 Tarkowski, Andrzej, 180 uterine abnormalities, 164 sperm banks Tarlatzis, Basil C., 125–131 Utian, W.H., 77 China, 153, 155 Tasca, Dr. Richard, 78 world’s irst, 11 Taylor, Dr. Patrick, 33 Van Blerkom, Jonathan, 164 spermatogenic stem cells (SSCs), 211 Taylor, Ian, 208 van der Ven, Professor K., 129 spinal cord injury, 219 Taymor, Melvin, 5 Van Steirteghem, André, 84–86, 178 spontaneous abortion, 185, 186 Temple-Smith, Peter, 178 Vande Wiele, Dr. Raymond, 80 spontaneous miscarriage, 155, 185 teratomas, 218 varicocoelectomy, 211 St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, 245 Testart, Jacques, 102, 103 vasectomy reversal, 208, 209 stakeholders, 240 testicular biopsy, 179 Vatican, 30, 72, 80, 143 Standing Review and Advisory Committee testicular size, 178 Veeck, Lucinda, 66 on Infertility (SRACI), 183, 224, 225 testicular sperm extraction (TESE), 77, Verlinsky, Yuri, 173, 174, 185, 189 Stargardt’s disease, 218 210 Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment stem cells testicular transplants, 208 Authority (VARTA), 226, 227 birth-associated tissues, 219–220 thalassemia, 189 Victorian IVF Committee, 61, 224, 228 embryonic. See embryonic stem cells hibault, Charles, 12, 13, 102 information and its disclosure, 226–227 spermatogenic, 211 threshold theory, 133 regulatory experience, 225–226 transplants, 216, 221 Time to Tell campaign, 227 Victorian Law Reform Commission umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly, 219, time-lapse microscopy, 17 (VLRC), 226 220–222 time-lapse photography, 113 Virtus Health, 63, 243 Stephen, Sir Ninian, 228 Toner, James, 70 vitriication, 19, 78, 154, 206. See also Stephens, Douglas, 208 total reproductive potential, 70 cryopreservation Steptoe, Patrick, 4, 5, 8, 18, 28–35 translocation testing, 188 embryos, 193 awards and honors, 32 transplants unfertilized oocytes, 196–198 early years, 28 bone marrow stem cell, 216, 221 von Baer, Karl Ernst, 172 255 Edwards collaboration, 14 ovarian tissue, 137 Voullaire, Lucille, 186

Index

Walking Egg Project, 164, 166–168 Williamson, Professor Bob, 186 Yale University program, 125 Waller, Louis, 224–228 Wilton, Leeanda, 62, 180–190 Yamanaka, Shinya, 8 Wang, Jianfeng, 152–156 Winston, Lord Robert, 39, 125, 183, 194, Yanagimachi, Ryuzo, 25 Warnock Committee report, 5, 42 242, 246, 247 Yovich, Dr. John, 33, 64, 126, 127 Warnock, Dame Mary, 5 Wiquist, Nils, 111, 113 Watson, James, 30, 40 Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, 189 Zaccheddu, Eleanora, 104 Waxman, Henry, 81 Wood, Gillian, 56 Zegers-Hochschild, Fernando, 141–147, 240 Wei, Daimin, 152–156 Wood, Professor Carl, 31, 46, 47, 51, 52, Zeilmaker, Gerard, 9, 14, 15, 130 Weinberger, Casper, 81 54, 56 Zhang, Professor Lizhu, 152, 154, 155, 156 Wells, Dagan, 186 frozen embryo pregnancies, 62 Zika virus, 220 whalebone bougie, 1 Woodruf, Dr. heresa, 77 zona drilling, 17, 84 Wharton’s jelly stem cells, 219, 220–222 Worcester Foundation for Experimental zona hardening, 194, 195 Whitehead, Mrs, 80 Biology, 23 Zondek, Bernard, 132 Whitten, Wesley, 13 World Congresses Whittingham, David, 3, 4, 9, 192 irst, 97 Wide, Leif, 111 sixth, 136 Wikland, Matts, 17, 111, 111–119 wound healing, 220

256