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United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Report Economic Commission for Europe 200 9 New York and Geneva, 2009 ECE/INF/2009/1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations 5 Introduction by: The Chairman of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 7 The Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 9 Part I — Activities of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in their Broader Context – Selected Essays Overview - Robert C. Shelburne 11 The ABCs of global warming - Robert C. Shelburne 16 Addressing climate change through innovation: the challenges ahead - José Palacín 27 Forest, wood and climate change: challenges and opportunities in the UNECE region Kit Prins, Sebastian Hetsch, Franziska Hirsch, Roman Michalak, Ed Pepke and Florian Steierer 35 Tackling climate change “at home”: trends and challenges in enhancing energy efficiency in buildings in the UNECE region Paola Deda and George Geordiadis 42 Decision-making for sustainable development: how assessment can help - Nick Bonvoisin 52 The knowing-doing gap - Eva Molnar 60 Aid for trade: supporting the use of standards - Lorenza Jachia 64 Euro-Mediterranean integration and cooperation: prospects and challenges Katia Adamo and Paolo Garonna 73 Is there a role for the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in conflict prevention and peacebuilding? Brinda Wachs and Geoffrey Hamilton 85 Blogs, wikis and official statistics: new perspectives on the use of Web 2.0 by statistical offices Jessica Gardner 92 Part II — United Nations Economic Commission for Europe wor- king for results in … Environment 103 Transport 107 Statistics 112 Sustainable Energy 115 Trade 119 Timber and Forestry 122 Housing and Land Management 124 Population 126 Economic Cooperation and Integration 128 United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA) 130 Technical Cooperation 131 Gender 133 3 Governance and Organizational Structure Governing Bodies 135 Intergovernmental Structure 136 Member States and Member States Representatives 137 Secretariat 138 Management 139 Budget 140 Publications (selected) 141 4 Acronymsand Abbreviations ADN European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways ADR European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road CDM Clean Development Mechanism CERN European Centre for Nuclear Research CIS Commonwealth of Independent States EECCA Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia ESD Education for sustainable development EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GDP Gross domestic product GHG Greenhouse gas GNI gross national income Gt Gigaton ICT Information and communication technology IEA International Energy Agency ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ISO International Organization for Standardization MAP Mediterranean Action Plan MCPFE Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe MDG Millennium Development Goal MENA Middle East and North Africa NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO Non-governmental organization OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD/DAC OECD Development Assistance Programme OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe PAM Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean PBCoP Peace-building Community of Practice PPP Public-private partnership PPP Purchasing power parity RCC Regional Cooperation Council R&D Research and development 5 RID European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail SEA Strategic environmental assessment SEE South-East Europe SPECA United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia THE PEP Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European Programme TIR Customs Convention on the International Transport of Goods under Cover of TIR Carnets UN/CEFACT United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business UN/EDIFACT United Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDA United Nations Development Account UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNECLAC United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific UNESCWA United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNSD United Nations Statistics Division WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization Note: $ are US dollars unless otherwise indicated. 6 Introduction by THE CHAIRMAN OF THE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE To name one example, let me mention the UNECE World Forum for Belgium has held the Chairmanship of the UNECE for four years, Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations affording it a clear vantage point of what the Commission does and which, through its regulations on pollutant how it is evolving. emissions from cars – including the ones In the introduction to the 2008 Yearly Report, I stressed that under preparation on fuel quality – puts UNECE is a better functioning organization because of an improved continuous pressure on the automotive governance structure and because of the partnership that exists industry to become “greener” at a time between member States and the secretariat, a partnership that is when we all recognize the urgent necessity essential for the success of the Commission. to mitigate the climate change effects and the weight of the transport sector in this I also stated that UNECE brings clear value added to the region, respect. Furthermore, the Forum plays a but at the same time, to ensure that it continues on this path, it crucial role in improving the safety of cannot afford to rest on its laurels. cars by broadening the regulations on the I am pleased to report that this danger has not materialized. If use of safety belts all over the world and, anything, UNECE has demonstrated during this year that it continued more recently, passing a regulation on the to work intensively in its various areas of expertise and that it is a electronic stability control systems for valued partner with which other organizations want to cooperate in vehicles that is likely to save even more these areas. lives than the introduction of safety belts. This illustrates well to me that UNECE This is due, to a large extent, to the fact that UNECE is not a talk- activities have a concrete impact on daily shop – it produces a multitude of concrete results that contribute lives and produce huge positive spill-over to providing solutions to transboundary issues and to reinforcing effects beyond our region. regional and subregional cooperation. And this in turn means that UNECE These concrete results are the result of the partnership between offers value for money. I continue to be member States, including vast networks of national experts and the struck how the limited staff resources secretariat, as well as the involvement of the private sector and civil of the Commission can leverage such society. I am aware of countless examples of these results – whether significant outputs. This is nothing new, we look at trade facilitation, sustainable energy, environment, but this message has not, I believe, been timber, transport – indeed I could mention all of UNECE’s sectors. sufficiently disseminated. In this period 7 of financial constraints it becomes even more important – the tax- payers’ money is not wasted in UNECE, and I believe that it should be quoted as a shining example in the United Nations, a view promoted by former Executive Secretary Marek Belka. I would like to take this opportunity to say a few words about Marek, whom I regretted saying farewell to at the end of October after his almost three years at the helm of UNECE. Not only was Marek a skilled economist, but he was also an impressive leader. Under his stewardship the political profile of UNECE was raised to new heights – the Commission is now viewed as a competent and trustworthy player in the pan-European institutional landscape. Marek’s skills have also ensured that the quality and strength of UNECE’s partnerships and relationships with others, both United Nations and non-United Nations, have increased – the European Union and the United Nations Development Programme are such examples. Once again, there is no room for complacency. But I am confident that with the continued support of member States and under the stewardship of the new Executive Secretary, Ján Kubiš whom I am sure will share my view of UNECE’s added value, UNECE will continue to make an important contribution to the economic integration of Europe. Alex Van Meeuwen Ambassador Permanent Representative of Belgium 8 and an area where the central role of the United Nations is uncontested, as Introduction by testified by the fact that the Secretary- General has put climate change firmly at the top of the United Nations agenda. It is indeed a monumental challenge confronting humankind in this new century: the imperative need to both mitigate and adapt to climate change will have a major impact on everyday life through changes in consumption and production patterns, which themselves require significant changes in technology, legislation
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