DOCSLIB.ORG

RUSSIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET Sunday, 08 April 2012 20:15

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
RUSSIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET Sunday, 08 April 2012 20:15 RUSSIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET Sunday, 08 April 2012 20:15 {joomplu:1215 left} The CYRILLIC ALPHABET is the official alphabet of the Russian Federation. When coming to Russia, one might be very intimidated by the strange letters and words that are written everywhere. There is no need to worry anymore. We would like to educate everyone on the Cyrillic alphabet, and how to read it, understand it, and love it. So that by the end of this article you will be able to read and understand the tricky Russian alphabet hands down. =) The Cyrillic alphabet was first developed in the 10th century AD in the area known as Bulgaria today. The alphabet has gone through a lot of changes over its history, and looks somewhat similar in some aspects today, as it did so many years ago. Cyrillic is the official alphabet of several Slavic countries such as: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Serbia. But it is also used in several other post-Soviet countries. The alphabet is derived from the ancient Greek script. The usage of Cyrillic nowadays is that it serves as one of the three official alphabets in the European Union. In the Russian alphabet, there are 33 letters and 43 sounds (6 vowels and 37 consonants) as opposed to the 26 letters of the English alphabet (Latin alphabet) with the total of 52 sounds. Both alphabets contain similar letters such as A, E, K, M, O, and T, which are pronounced not exactly the same but quite similarly: The Russian T, K, and M are the equivalents of the respective sounds in English. The Russian A is always pronounced as in "car" and never as in “came”. In a stressed position the Russian O is pronounced as in “Awesome” or as in “dog”, and never as in “Coke”. In an unstressed position, some reduction of the stress takes place and the Russian “O” is pronounced very fast and resembles the sound “a”. So КОЛОБОК (the Russian well-known kids character of a fairy tale) is pronounced more like “ka-la-bok” and not “ko-lo-bok”. 1 / 5 RUSSIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET Sunday, 08 April 2012 20:15 The Russian E is pronounced as in “bed” and never as in “beef”. If a word ends in “e” it is unlike in English, the final –e in Russian must still be pronounced. Compare the English “nope” and the Russian “море” (pronounced: morye) Examples: Море = sea, Катя = Kate, Колбаса = sausage, Лес = forest, Тoлько = only There are a few letters in the Russian alphabet that are written the same way as in English, but have entirely different pronunciation. These letters are: В, H, P, С, X, and Y: The Russian B is always the equivalent of the English “V”. e.g. Восток (= east) is pronounced as “vastok” The Russian H is always the equivalent of the English “N”. e.g. Нет (=no) is pronounced as “Net” The Russian P is always and equivalent of the English “R”. e.g. Рай (=paradize) is pronounced as “raj” The Russian C is always and equivalent of the English “S”. e.g. Сок (=juice) is pronounced as “Sok” The Russian X is always and equivalent of the English “H” or rather “kh”. e.g. Хорошо (=good) is pronounced as “khorosho” The Russian Y is always and equivalent of the English “U” and is always pronounced as in “bush” and never as in “bud”. E.g. Душа (=soul) is pronounced as “dusha”. This can be very confusing at first when getting to know the Russian alphabet, but don’t get 2 / 5 RUSSIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET Sunday, 08 April 2012 20:15 discouraged - it is not so hard to remember the differences after a short period of time, and you will be speaking like a Russian in no time. The following letters need to be memorized as they are either written differently in English or have no English equivalents: Б, Г, Д, 3, Л, П, Ф, И, Й. Б = B as in “boy” Г = G as in “good” Д = D as in “dog” З = z as in “zoo” Л = L as in “let” П = P as in “poke” Ф = F as in “fake” Ч = ch as in “check” Ш = Sh as in “shape” 3 / 5 RUSSIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET Sunday, 08 April 2012 20:15 Й = has no equivalents in the English language and is pronounced as the English sound j as in yes. Ж and Ц have no English equivalent letters but they do have equivalent sounds. So the first is always pronounced as the sound "sure" in the word “plea sure”, whereas the latter is a combination of the English t and s as in “wi ts ” The Russian Ё letter is almost like E but with a slight difference in pronunciation. Ё is always pronounced as j and o put together. Всё = vsjo Щ is very similar to Ш. The sound is practically the same, but it has a slightly longer “shhh” sound. The letter can be somewhat found when pronouncing “sheep”. {joomplu:1217}The letter "Ь" is also a letter in the Russian alphabet, but it does not serve as a sound. Called the “soft sign” in English (Russian: мягкий знак), this letter is placed after certain consonant letters to make them sound softer in speech. It is very difficult for English speakers to pronounce this sound correctly as there is no such sounds in the English language. Russian usually has some harsh parts in speech, but with the help of this soft sign, some words can be different just by this soft sign. And the letter Ъ represents the hard sign and is not used very often. Always coming after consonants and before some certain vowels and functions to produce a “j” sound in between the consonant and the vowel. Подъем pronounced as podjem. The difference between the Russian sound E and Э is same as the difference between the E and A sounds in the English words "bed" and "bad". The latter is more open. Я = ja as in ya Ю = ju as in you 4 / 5 RUSSIAN CYRILLIC ALPHABET Sunday, 08 April 2012 20:15 {joomplu:1216}The Ы sound is probably the most difficult sound for someone to master when learning Russian. It sounds sort of like a deep “i”, but it’s hard to explain how to correctly explain this without listening to a sample of the sound. Start making the sound in the bottom of your throat and then pronounce it somewhat harshly. You should hear a "oowii" sound, like the glide that happens between the "o" and the "i" when you say "doing". Related Articles: - Russian Curse Words - Russian F-Word 5 / 5.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights
    Hattak Móma Iholisso Ishtaa-aya Ámmo'na Holisso Hattakat yaakni' áyya'shakat mómakat ittíllawwi bíyyi'ka. Naalhpisa'at hattak mómakat immi'. Alhínchikma hattak mómakat ishtayoppa'ni. Hookya nannalhpisa' ihíngbittooka ittimilat taha. Himmaka hattakat aa- áyya'shahookano ilaapo' nanna anokfillikakoot nannikchokmoho anokfillihootokoot yammako yahmichi bannahoot áyya'sha. Nannalhpisa' ihíngbittookookano kaniya'chi ki'yo. Immoot maháa'chi hattakat áyya'sha aalhlhika. Nannalhpisa' ihíngbittooka immoot maháahookya hattakat ikayoppa'chokmat ibaachaffa ikbannokmat ilaapo' nanna aanokfillikakoot yahmichi bannahoot áyya'sha. Hattak mómakat nannaka ittibaachaffa bíyyi'kakma chokma'ni. Hattak yaakni' áyya'shakat nannalhpisa'a naapiisa' alhihaat mómakat ittibaachaffa bíyyi'kakma nanna mómakat alhpi'sa bíyyi'ka'ni. Yaakni' hattak áyya'shakat mómakat nannaka yahmi bannahoot áyya'shakat holisso holissochi: Chihoowaat hattak ikbikat ittiílawwi bíyyi'kaho Chihoowaat naalhpisa' ikbittooka yammako hattakat kanihmihoot áyya'sha bannakat yámmohmihoot áyya'sha'chi. Hattak yaakni' áyya'shakat mómakat yammookano ittibaachaffahookmaka'chi nannakat alhpi'sa bíyyi'ka'chika. Hattak mómakat ithánahookmaka'chi. Himmaka' nittak áyya'shakat General Assemblyat Nanna mómaka nannaka ithánacha ittibaachaffahookmakoot nannaka alhíncha'chikat holisso ikbi. AnompaKanihmo'si1 Himmaka' nittakookano hattak yokasht toksalicha'nikat ki'yo. Hattak mómakat ittíllawwi bíyyi'kacha nanna mómaka ittibaachaffa'hitok. AnompaKanihmo'si2 Hattakat pisa ittimilayyokhacha kaniyaho aamintihookya
    [Show full text]
  • Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
    Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Nosa 3S an Angel Sow Epitaphs from Crawford County, Pennsylvania William B
    Nosa 3s an Angel Sow Epitaphs from Crawford County, Pennsylvania William B. Moore and Stephen C. Davies Part 3 McCLURE CEMETERY Tis finished, so the Savior cried And meekly bowed his head and died Tis finished :Yes my race is run Mybattle fought, my victory won. —SOLOMON ENGELHAUPT (1792 1853) McDowell cemetery My children dear assemble here Thy mother's grave to see ! Not long ago Idwelt with you But soon you'll dwell with me. —MARGARET McDOWELL (1793 1819) God my Redeemer lives And ever from the skies Looks down and watches all my dust Tillhe shall bid me rise. —ALEXANDER McDOWELL 2nd (1813 1846) Now Ilay me down to sleep Ipray the Lord my soul to keep IfIshould die before Iwake Ipray the Lord my soul to take. —HARRIET EMELINEMcDOWELL (1847 1851) My Home is above For Iknow that my Redeemer liveth AndinHeaven there is rest Farewell dear Robert, thou hast been a kind Husband, an af- fectionate Son, a dear Father and a good Brother Beloved when living and bemoaned [when dead?] —ROBERT WILLCOX (1822 1852) 328 WILLIAMB. MOORE AND STEPHEN C. DAVIES JULY Friends so dear both far and near Ifyou come this way this marble slab Willtell you where beneathe Ilay. —WILSON MYERS (1832-1856) Is Jesus precious Oh yes Take good care of the children —MARGARET BEAR (1822-1858) Private Co. I2nd Pa. Cavalry Died at Brandy Station, Va. Jan. 18, 1864 He sweetly sleeps whydo we mourn His toils on earth are done His life is hid with Christ in God Tillhis Redeemer comes.
    [Show full text]
  • +1. Introduction 2. Cyrillic Letter Rumanian Yn
    MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM +1. INTRODUCTION These are comments to "Additional Cyrillic Characters In Unicode: A Preliminary Proposal". I'm examining each section of that document, as well as adding some extra notes (marked "+" in titles). Below I use standard Russian Cyrillic characters; please be sure that you have appropriate fonts installed. If everything is OK, the following two lines must look similarly (encoding CP-1251): (sample Cyrillic letters) АабВЕеЗКкМНОопРрСсТуХхЧЬ (Latin letters and digits) Aa6BEe3KkMHOonPpCcTyXx4b 2. CYRILLIC LETTER RUMANIAN YN In the late Cyrillic semi-uncial Rumanian/Moldavian editions, the shape of YN was very similar to inverted PSI, see the following sample from the Ноул Тестамент (New Testament) of 1818, Neamt/Нямец, folio 542 v.: file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 1 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM Here you can see YN and PSI in both upper- and lowercase forms. Note that the upper part of YN is not a sharp arrowhead, but something horizontally cut even with kind of serif (in the uppercase form). Thus, the shape of the letter in modern-style fonts (like Times or Arial) may look somewhat similar to Cyrillic "Л"/"л" with the central vertical stem looking like in lowercase "ф" drawn from the middle of upper horizontal line downwards, with regular serif at the bottom (horizontal, not slanted): Compare also with the proposed shape of PSI (Section 36). 3. CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 2 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM I support the idea that "IA" must be separated from "Я".
    [Show full text]
  • Uzo Umyaka Nwere Ike Iji Luso Nje Koso (COVID-19)
    Dike M Ka Ị Bụ Ụzọ ụmụaka nwere ike iji luso nje koro (COVID-19) ọgụ! Mmepụta “Dike M Ka Ị bụ” Akwụkwọ a bụ aka ọrụ nke ndi òtù ‘Inter-Agency Standing Committee Reference Group na ndi na-eleta ndi isi mmebi n’ ọnọdụ ihe mgberede (IASC MHPSS RG). Ndị ọkachamara bụkwazị ndi òtù ‘IASC MHPSS RG’ sitere n’ ụwa niile, mpaghara na mba niile, ndị nne na nna, ndị nlekọta, ndị nkụzi na ụmụaka sitere na mba dị otu narị na anọ kwadoro atụmatụ a. E mere nnyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ n’ asụsụ Arabic, Bekee, Italian, French na Spanish iji wee tulee ọnọdụ ahụike na mkpa metụtara echiche na akparamaagwa nke ụmụaka n’ oge ntiwapụ ọrịa COVID-19. Mwube isiokwu dị mkpa nke akụkọ a ga-eleba anya bụ nke e meputara site n’iji ihe a chọpụtara na nnyocha e mere. E ji akụkọ ifo a kọọro ụmụaka si na mba dị iche iche nke ọrịa ‘ COVID-19 metụtara wee kọwapụta ihe dị n’akwụkwọ a. Ọ bu nzaghachị ụmụaka, ndị nne na nna na ndị nlekọta nyere ka e ji tụgharịa ma melite ya bụ akụkọ. Ihe karịrị otu puku na narị asaa mmadụ ndi gụnyere ụmụaka, ndị nne na nna, ndị nkuzi sitere na gburugburu ụwa wepụtara oge ha nọrọ kọtụrụ anyị ka ha na ije ụwa si aga kemgbe ndapụta ọrịa COVID-19. Nnukwu ozi ekele ka anyị na-enye ụmụaka ndị a, ndị nne na nna ha, ndị nlekọta na ndị nkuzi ndị mere ka ihe nnyocha anyị nwee isi n’imepụtakwa akụkọ a.
    [Show full text]
  • GI V E N T H E L O N G O D Y S S E Y of Shternberg's Manuscript, As Well
    AP P E N D I X A: SO C I A L OR G A N I Z AT I O N I N T H E AR C H I V E S GI V E N T H E L O N G O D Y S S E Y of Shternberg’s manuscript, as well as the influence of outside editors on the text since Shternberg and Boas’ original agreement, excerpts from the more salient correspondence are included here. 1 1904 J A N U A RY 2 5 . Boas writes to Russian academician V. V. Radlov, saying he is pleased with the work of Bogoraz and Iokhel’son and hopes to meet Shtern b e rg soon [AAN f. 282, o. 2, d. 29, l. 1]. 1905 MA R C H 2 . Boas writes to Shternberg, inviting him to New York for 3 months in the summer to work on the AMNH’s Amur collection together with Berthold Laufer [AAN f. 282, o. 2, d. 29, l. 2]. MAY 7 . Shternberg writes his wife, Sarra Ratner-Shternberg, on AMNH letterhead. In his letters over the next 3 months he writes that he has visited her relatives in New York and has had intense meetings with local Jewish activists. He makes an agreement with Boas to submit a volume on “Gilyaks and Their Neighbours” for the Jesup publication series [AAN f. 282, o. 5, d. 64, l. 80–105]. 1906 AU G U S T 1 1 . Shternberg writes to Boas, explaining that 1905 was a difficult year for him because of anti-Jewish incidents in Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Cyrillic in Unicode*
    Old Cyrillic in Unicode* Ivan A Derzhanski Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] The current version of the Unicode Standard acknowledges the existence of a pre- modern version of the Cyrillic script, but its support thereof is limited to assigning code points to several obsolete letters. Meanwhile mediæval Cyrillic manuscripts and some early printed books feature a plethora of letter shapes, ligatures, diacritic and punctuation marks that want proper representation. (In addition, contemporary editions of mediæval texts employ a variety of annotation signs.) As generally with scripts that predate printing, an obvious problem is the abundance of functional, chronological, regional and decorative variant shapes, the precise details of whose distribution are often unknown. The present contents of the block will need to be interpreted with Old Cyrillic in mind, and decisions to be made as to which remaining characters should be implemented via Unicode’s mechanism of variation selection, as ligatures in the typeface, or as code points in the Private space or the standard Cyrillic block. I discuss the initial stage of this work. The Unicode Standard (Unicode 4.0.1) makes a controversial statement: The historical form of the Cyrillic alphabet is treated as a font style variation of modern Cyrillic because the historical forms are relatively close to the modern appearance, and because some of them are still in modern use in languages other than Russian (for example, U+0406 “I” CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I is used in modern Ukrainian and Byelorussian). Some of the letters in this range were used in modern typefaces in Russian and Bulgarian.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Cyrillic
    LEARNING CYRILLIC Question: If there is no equivalent letter in the Cyrillic alphabet for the Roman "J" or "H" how do you transcribe good German names like Johannes, Heinrich, Wilhelm, etc. I heard one suggestion that Johann was written as Ivan and that the "h" was replaced with a "g". Can you give me a little insight into what you have found? In researching would I be looking for the name Ivan rather than Johann? One must always think phonetic, that is, think how a name is pronounced in German, and how does the Russian Cyrillic script produce that sound? JOHANNES. The Cyrillic spelling begins with the letter “I – eye”, but pronounced “eee”, so we have phonetically “eee-o-hann” which sounds like “Yo-hann”. You can see it better in typeface – Иоганн , which letter for letter reads as “I-o-h-a-n-n”. The modern Typeface script is radically different than the old hand-written Cyrillic script. Use the guide which I sent to you. Ivan is the Russian equivalent of Johann, and it pops up occasionally in Church records. JOSEPH / JOSEF. Listen to the way the name is pronounced in German – “yo-sef”, also “yo-sif”. That “yo” sound is produced by the Cyrillic script letters “I” and “o”. Again you can see it in the typeface. Иосеф and also Иосиф. And sometimes Joseph appears as , transliterated as O-s-i-p. Similar to all languages and scripts, Cyrillic spellings are not consistent. The “a” ending indicates a male name. JAKOB. There is no “Jay” sound in the German language.
    [Show full text]
  • JJGC Industria E Comercio De Materiais Dentarios S.A. Jennifer
    JJGC Industria e Comercio de Materiais Dentarios S.A. ℅ Jennifer Jackson Director of Regulatory Affairs Straumann USA, LLC 60 Minuteman Road Andover, Massachusetts 01810 Re: K203382 Trade/Device Name: Neodent Implant System-Easy Pack Regulation Number: 21 CFR 872.3640 Regulation Name: Endosseous Dental Implant Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: DZE, NHA Dated: February 11, 2021 Received: February 12, 2021 Dear Jennifer Jackson: We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Concerto No. 6 1 Dmitri Bortniansky Lively Div
    Sacred Concerto No. 6 1 Dmitri Bortniansky Lively div. Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vo Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, 8 Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va, Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va, 6 vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh 8 sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu 11 bo gu, i na zem li mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, bo gu, i na zem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem 8 i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir 2 16 inazem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, inazem li mir, i na zem li li, i na zem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li 8 li, inazem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li, ina zem li mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li 21 mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li mir, i na zem li 8 mir, i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, i na zem li, i na zem li mir,mir, i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, inazem li, i na zem li 26 mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li mir.
    [Show full text]
  • Speaking Russian
    05_149744 ch01.qxp 7/26/07 6:07 PM Page 5 Chapter 1 I Say It How? Speaking Russian In This Chapter ᮣ Understanding the Russian alphabet ᮣ Pronouncing words properly ᮣ Discovering popular expressions elcome to Russian! Whether you want to read Wa Russian menu, enjoy Russian music, or just chat it up with your Russian friends, this is the begin- ning of your journey. In this chapter, you get all the letters of the Russian alphabet, discover the basic rules of Russian pronunciation, and say some popular Russian expressions and idioms. Looking at the Russian Alphabet If you’re like most English speakers, you probably think that the Russian alphabet is the most challenging aspect of picking up the language. But not to worry. The Russian alphabet isn’t as hard as you think. COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL From A to Ya: Making sense of Cyrillic The Russian alphabet is based on the Cyrillic alpha- bet, which was named after the ninth-century Byzantine monk, Cyril. But throughout this book, we convert all the letters into familiar Latin symbols, which are the same symbols we use in the English 05_149744 ch01.qxp 7/26/07 6:07 PM Page 6 6 Russian Phrases For Dummies alphabet. This process of converting from Cyrillic to Latin letters is known as transliteration. We list the Cyrillic alphabet here in case you’re adventurous and brave enough to prefer reading real Russian instead of being fed with the ready-to-digest Latin version of it. And even if you don’t want to read the real Russian, check out Table 1-1 to find out what the whole fuss is about regarding the notorious “Russian alphabet.” Notice that, in most cases, a transliterated letter corresponds to the way it’s actually pronounced.
    [Show full text]
  • У^C/ ^Xaxxlty^Yy Yyy- Y/A М /A XX
    1 5 2 Va X A y // /^ //X A ^ M a i Y'YY/ ’^y y y -ì - A Y & y n / X X - y7 AAl/XX /AlAX AA /X y ^z^s -i o y ^ y y H ^ - z ^ A c ^ J Ì^Ystn^XUY Y LY X ’YYi yl^-CY7 A/ y A A Y ^ t V Y f AC-, C x ix x r~/Y- CYtS Vy* X{ l à / ¿ Y l ^ l Y A". A X r u / , A / C A ut Y A l' T O tl / V l X ^ ì y y Z A ^/Aa ^ A y y A c y ^ yl A A t d l f H ^ c ò / a AtA r t / ^ ¿ ù a / z Cy/ X X-CAX? yCA %-O > yCCfl/Cj t L ^ H ' Ì ^ ì y AC A & A / c i Cy y ^ ehf yZy y y Y- ACC y i C C A A ^ tiY 'l'VZY-YcZo 'SA y y - Z-eY^Y A iaA a ^ C c' A^ . 7 ' Y ^ C / / ¿ H y/yi-C-td A#A y -AA Yy y y A 'iCA uX ZY lls X^^y y y y y y y A y '* 1 Xt i 'l-tA Y V Y l' '/A A in - r iY -t^Y d X y v A y y > y Y Y Y y CitYYyACAty C/ y y y 'lA 'V ¿A,A a 4 aC y y A i Y Y y 'Y> '-/AYYA •■*yv/ ’a a a i a U ^ t & l i - AA-Y>t/ACy-7A ^ < / A - '" 'X X X 'X t X d'PY'.
    [Show full text]